ES3031432T3 - Expandable, removable and reusable modular high-rise building made up of prefabricated elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a modular building (1) in height, expandable, removable and reusable, formed by prefabricated elements, comprising a modular structure (2), composed of pillars (3), beams (4), and quick coupling nodes (5) for the connection between pillars (3) and beams (4), and self-supporting modules (6) with dimensions greater than the span between beams (4) of the modular structure (2). (Automatic translation with Google Translate, without legal value)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Expandable, removable and reusable modular building made up of prefabricated elements. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a modular, expandable, detachable and reusable high-rise building made up of prefabricated elements, usable in the construction, preferably, of habitable spaces (homes, hotels, accommodations, residences, etc.).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Nowadays, buildings with prefabricated elements are known, which generally resemble traditional buildings, with the erection of a fixed, immovable structure with the only option of removal through demolition. Prefabricated elements are then attached to this structure, which are usually exterior cladding panels or interior partitions (including plasterboard partitions, for example). While the introduction of prefabricated elements has streamlined the construction process, for example, one need only look at how the use of plasterboard interior partitions has become almost universal compared to traditional brickwork, despite its higher cost. The construction procedure still closely resembles the traditional one, as only a few prefabricated elements are incorporated into the process, resulting in a stable (non-removable) building.

The creation of habitable spaces through prefabricated modules, such as construction sheds, is also known. These are, in essence, small, isolated elements that cannot be considered buildings as such, but which offer the advantage of being easy to transport and reuse, and of being manufactured in a factory rather than on-site.

The applicant is unaware of the possible existence of buildings, as such, made entirely with prefabricated elements such as the one described in the present invention, having their added value and differential from current ones, in that they are modular, expandable, removable and reusable in any other place. Document EP 2175088 A2 discloses a modular, expandable, removable and reusable building according to the preamble of independent claim 1

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The modular building in height, expandable, removable and reusable, made up of prefabricated elements of the invention includes, in its most generic definition:

-a modular structure, comprising pillars, beams, and quick-connect nodes (i.e., those with removable assembly means by snapping together, without welding) for joining the pillars and beams, and

-self-supporting modules (which in themselves have a load-bearing or structural configuration suitable for supporting their own loads and loads of use, supported on the modular structure) with dimensions greater than the span between beams of the modular structure (at least in one of the two main directions in plan), to rest on them.

Thus, after laying an on-site foundation from which the first sections of the pillars emerge—the only non-removable part of the structure—the remaining elements of the rigid orthogonal frame structure can be assembled. The finished prefabricated living modules and the roof, which will be fitted with photovoltaic panels if desired for the building's own consumption, will be placed on the beams of this modular structure. The final phase involves connecting the facilities through the gaps between the modules and completing the façade openings.

This results in an industrialized building, that is, one that can be prefabricated in a factory, with significant cost savings and also offering the following advantages:

- is modular,

- is expandable,

- is removable, and

- it is reusable.

Manufacturing both the modules and the supporting structure in-house allows for shorter lead times, more thorough quality control, and fewer accidents, noise, and waste compared to a traditional system. One of the most important aspects is this reduction in manufacturing and assembly times, which provides a competitive advantage over the traditional system.

Furthermore, dry-build construction using more efficient materials allows for more environmentally friendly homes. As mentioned above, photovoltaic installations can be installed on the building's roof to reduce electricity costs. Given the characteristics of the invention and the ease of connecting the modules, the building is easily expandable in both floor and height, and can also be dismantled and reused elsewhere.

With the construction of the invention, buildings for different uses can be realized, such as: homes, hotels, residences, etc.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1.- Shows a view of the beam arrangement of a base slab of a typical module of the building of the invention.

Figure 2.- Shows an exploded view of the main elements of a typical module of the building of the invention, and an enlarged detail of a vertical perimeter enclosure.

Figure 3.- Shows a view of a modular building made according to the invention.

Figure 4.- Shows a view of a pillar meeting of the modular structure of the building of the invention and an enlargement of an area of the same.

Figure 5.- Shows a view of an intermediate meeting of one beam with another, without a pillar, of the modular structure of the building of the invention.

Figures 6, 7 and 8 show examples of the interior distribution of modules in the building of the invention.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The modular building (1) in height, expandable, removable and reusable, made up of prefabricated elements (see fig. 3) of the invention comprises:

- a modular structure (2), comprising pillars (3), beams (4), and quick-connect nodes (5) for joining the pillars (3) and the beams (4), and

- self-supporting modules (6) with dimensions greater than the span between beams (4) of the modular structure (2) (at least in one of the two main directions in plan), to support them.

It is necessary to mention that the entire structure is calculated and the beams and pillars can vary in size depending on the height.

In a very preferred embodiment of the modular structure (2), the quick-connection nodes (5) comprise (see figs. 4 and 5):

- horizontal plates (50) projecting from each side of the pillars (3), or on opposite sides of the beams (4), at heights corresponding to each floor level of the modular structure (2), and provided with upper recesses or holes (51), and

- support wings (52) on said plates (50), projecting from the ends of each beam (4), and provided with lower projections (53) for coupling to the upper recesses or holes (51) of the plates (50). This allows the structure to be stiffened by simply supporting and fitting the lower projections (53) into the holes (51). In order to enhance this effect, it is preferred that each node (5) comprises two horizontal plates (50) projecting from each vertical face (30) of each pillar (3) or beam (4), and two corresponding support wings (52) projecting from the end of each beam (4). In this way, the wings (52) (and their projections) are in continuity with the wings of the beams, securing said wings to the plates and stiffening the structure without the need for welding. In addition, bolted joints (54) are provided between the plates (50) and the wings (52) to increase rigidity.

According to the invention, each module (6) will comprise (see figs. 1 and 2):

- a base slab (60) comprising lower longitudinal beams (61) (straight and/or broken) connected by lower transverse beams (62) and the corresponding concrete compression layer,

- upper longitudinal beams (64) connected by upper transverse beams (65),

- some pillars (66) which are connected to the lower longitudinal beams (61) and to the upper longitudinal beams (64), and

- some perimeter enclosures (67a, 67b) and upper (68);

- Perimeter enclosures (67a, 67b) with openings (69a, 69b) for passage, lighting, and ventilation. This configuration is easy to manufacture on a scale, replicating the layout of the lower and upper longitudinal beams and providing good load-bearing strength. The perimeter enclosures (67a, 67b) and upper enclosure (68) will be constructed from several layers of insulation and drywall. Sandwich panels are preferred due to their lightness, ease of assembly, good finish, ease of cutting and handling, and excellent insulation qualities. In particular, it is preferred that the perimeter enclosures (67a, 67b) and upper (68) comprise one or more layers (7) of sandwich panels fixed to intermediate profiles (8a) joined to the beams (61, 62, 64, 65) and/or pillars (66) of the module to facilitate assembly and offer a double layer of enclosure.

The arrangement of the lighting and ventilation gaps (69a) in the smaller perimeter enclosures (67a) is preferred (see figs. 6 and 7), since in this way the modules can be placed in parallel with these gaps facing outwards, and it is also possible to arrange intermediate gaps (69b) in the larger perimeter enclosures (67b) for passage (communication between adjacent modules or for exterior access).

The arrangement in the modules (6) of at least one intermediate narrowing (8) for the passage of the vertical elements of the structure and installations' skates is according to the invention.

The most common living arrangement for the aforementioned space layout will involve having the bathroom, storage and/or installation rooms in the center of the module (6), and the living spaces at the ends (this provides more natural light, cross ventilation, privacy and views). In addition, a terrace can be arranged at one or both ends of the modules.

Having sufficiently described the nature of the invention, it is indicated that the description thereof and its preferred embodiment must be interpreted in a non-limiting manner, and that it covers all possible embodiment variants that may be deduced from the content of these claims.

Claims (10)

1. (1) Modular building in height, expandable, removable and reusable, made up of prefabricated elements comprising: - a modular structure (2), comprising pillars (3), beams (4), and quick-connect nodes (5) for joining the pillars (3) and the beams (4), and - self-supporting modules (6) with dimensions larger than the span between beams (4) of the modular structure (2), where each module (6) comprises: - a base slab (60) comprising lower longitudinal beams (61) connected by lower transverse beams (62) and the corresponding compression layer, - upper longitudinal beams (64) connected by upper transverse beams (65), - some pillars (66) which are connected to the lower longitudinal beams (61) and to the upper longitudinal beams (64), and - minor and major perimeter enclosures (67a, 67b) and upper enclosures (68); - perimeter enclosures (67a, 67b) in which passage, lighting and ventilation openings (69a, 69b) have been made, characterized in that the modules (6) also comprise an intermediate narrowing (8) in the larger enclosures (67b) for the passage of the vertical elements of the structure and installation patios. 2. Modular building (1) in height, expandable, removable and reusable, made up of prefabricated elements according to claim 1, where the quick-connection nodes (5) comprise: - horizontal plates (50) projecting from each side of the pillars (3), or on opposite sides of the beams (4), at heights corresponding to each floor level of the modular structure (2), and provided with upper recesses or holes (51), and - wings (52) for support on said plates (50), projecting from the ends of each beam (4), and provided with lower projections (53) for coupling to the upper recesses or holes (51) of the plates (50). 3. Modular building (1) in height, expandable, removable and reusable, made up of prefabricated elements according to claim 2, where each node (5) comprises two horizontal plates (50) projecting from each vertical face (30) of each pillar (3) or beam (4), and two corresponding support wings (52) projecting from the end of each beam (4). 4. Modular building (1) in height, expandable, removable and reusable, made up of prefabricated elements according to any of claims 2 or 3, where bolted joints (54) are arranged between the plates (50) and the wings (52). 5. Modular building (1) in height, expandable, removable and reusable, made up of prefabricated elements according to claim 1, where the perimeter enclosures (67a, 67b) and upper (68) are materialized in sandwich panel. 6. Modular building (1) in height, expandable, removable and reusable, made up of prefabricated elements according to claim 5, where the perimeter enclosures (67a, 67b) and upper (68) comprise one or more layers (7) of sandwich panels fixed to intermediate profiles (8a) attached to the beams (61,65) of the module. 7. Modular building (1) in height, expandable, removable and reusable, made up of prefabricated elements according to any of claims 4 to 6, where the minor perimeter enclosures (67a) comprise lighting and ventilation openings (69a). 8. Modular building (1) in height, expandable, removable and reusable, made up of prefabricated elements according to claim 7, where the major perimeter enclosures (67b) comprise intermediate passage openings (69b). 9. Modular building (1) in height, expandable, removable and reusable, made up of prefabricated elements according to any of the previous claims, where the bathroom, storage and/or installation rooms are arranged in the center of the module (6), and the living spaces are arranged at the ends. 10. Modular building (1) in height, expandable, removable and reusable, made up of prefabricated elements according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a terrace at one or both ends.