ES2706101A1 - Method for obtaining microcapsules, microcapsules obtained by the same, and nutraceutical or pharmaceutical compositions comprising said microcapsules (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for obtaining microcapsules having an average diameter in the range comprised between 5 μm and 2000 μm and comprising at least one digested or dissolved product therein, as well as referring to said microcapsules as such. Additionally, the present invention also relates to nutraceutical and/or pharmaceutical compositions comprising an amount of said microcapsules and a quantity of nutritionally and/or pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Method for obtaining microcapsules, microcapsules obtained therefrom, and nutraceutical or pharmaceutical compositions comprising said microcapsules

DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to a method for obtaining microcapsules having an average diameter in the range between 5 pm and 2000 pm and comprising in their interior at least one digested or dissolved product, as well as referring to said microcapsules as such.

Additionally, the present invention relates to nutraceutical compositions comprising an amount of said microcapsules and a quantity of nutritionally and / or pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Finally, it also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an amount of said microcapsules and a quantity of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Currently, there are numerous nutritional deficiencies associated with low bioavailability and absorption of certain vitamins and minerals from the diet, which may be caused by external factors ( eg chemical form of the nutrient, nutrient status, type of food) or internal ( eg gender, age, metabolism or life stage). Thus, factors such as the nutrient status can be decisive for its use, storage or excretion, and for this reason, bioavailability is usually defined as the fraction of nutrient that is actually absorbed (Heaney, RP J Nutr. 2001 , 131 ( 4), 1344S-8S).

A similar effect is observed during the administration of drugs or nutritional supplements where, specifically, bioavailability is understood as the degree to which a pharmaceutically active form (ie drug or metabolite) enters the systemic circulation and accesses the action site , as well as the speed with which such transport occurs. The low bioavailability of the drugs is also a drawback usually observed in the sector, especially in orally administered drugs, which translates into a low therapeutic effectiveness, or even in the need to take higher doses of drug, with what exists a greater risk that they appear side effects. This reduced bioavailability can also be caused by factors of age, sex, physical activity, genetic phenotype, stress, absorption disorders or malabsorption, and even previous surgeries. Additionally, in relation to the drug itself, there may be problems arising from an excessively rapid metabolism, a poor dissolution of the active principle, or even the inability to penetrate the epithelial membrane, if for example it is an excessively ionized and polar principle. (Le, J. Drug bioavailability, MSD Manual - online publication http://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/.../drug-bioavailability#v1108996).

Illustrative of the problem in this sector of the technique are the problems of low availability of zinc associated with treatment with zinc oxide, which is used as a nutritional supplement, and in some cases, as a therapeutic agent, both in humans and in non-human animals. Zinc is an essential trace element for the maintenance of the structural and catalytic functions of more than 200 enzymes involved in metabolic pathways such as nucleic acid metabolism, protein synthesis or even cell division (Gibson, RS; Hess, SY; Hot, C .; Brown, KH, Br J Nutr., 2008 , 99 (3), S14-23). In addition, zinc supplements are especially indicated for the treatment of diarrhea (Haider BA, Bhutta ZA, Food Nutr Bull , 2009 , 30, S41-59).

Zinc oxide, which is insoluble in water, is particularly economically available compared to other water-soluble forms such as zinc sulfate, zinc acetate or zinc gluconate. In addition, it does not present the disadvantage of the metallic and bitter taste typically associated with zinc sulfate or zinc acetate, which often makes it difficult to comply with the prescribed nutritional or therapeutic guidelines. However, as demonstrated in Wegmüller, R .; Tay, F .; Zeder, C .; Brnic, M .; Hurrell, RF J. Nutr. 2014, 144 (2), 132-136, the absorption of zinc from zinc oxide (ie

49.9% fractional zinc absorption) is significantly lower than that of zinc obtained from zinc gluconate (ie 60.9% fractional zinc absorption) or zinc citrate (ie

61.3% zinc fractional absorption), so up to now it does not represent an especially efficient option.

Thus, there is a need in the sector of nutritional supplements, as well as in the pharmaceutical sector, to find a technical solution that improves the bioavailability of certain nutrients or active ingredients, respectively, which is also affordable from the point of view of the production of these compounds or compositions on an industrial scale.

Detailed description of the invention

A first objective of the present invention focuses on providing a method for obtaining microcapsules having an average diameter in the range between 5 pm and 2000 pm and comprising in their interior at least one digested or dissolved product.

Said method makes it possible to carry out the mixing, micronizing, digestion or dissolution (ie depending on the type of product to be microencapsulated), as well as the encapsulation and drying of at least one product selected from a compound or composition, capable of being encapsulated. , in the same mixing or mixing system, thus simplifying the already known encapsulation processes, while at the same time representing a significant economic reduction in the production on an industrial scale.

Specifically, the first objective of the present invention is to provide a method for obtaining microcapsules characterized in that said microcapsules have an average diameter in the range comprised between 5 pm and 2000 pm and comprise in their interior at least one digested or dissolved product, selected between a compound and a composition, wherein the product is at a concentration of between 30% and 70% by weight with respect to the weight of the microcapsule, wherein said method comprises:

a) disposing at least one compound or composition capable of being encapsulated and a fluid medium that is selected from the group consisting of glycerin, water or any mixture of both, in a mixer,

b) dissolving, suspending or emulsifying the mixture of step a),

c) adding an amount of at least one fatty acid, fatty acid derivative, or any of its mixtures, to the mixture of step b), wherein said amount of at least one fatty acid, fatty acid derivative, or any of its mixtures is effective for the formation of stable micelles in said fluid medium,

d) add a quantity of encapsulating agent,

e) subject to certain vacuum and temperature conditions under agitation for a certain period of time and

f) adding an amount of at least one fluidizing agent,

with the proviso that when in step a) at least one composition capable of being encapsulated is provided comprising an amount of at least one fatty acid, fatty acid derivative, or any of its mixtures, which is effective for the formation of stable micelles in said fluid medium, step c) is not carried out.

Said at least one compound or composition capable of being encapsulated is selected, without limitation, between zinc oxide, an egg extract or an active principle. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the present method is also applicable to other compounds such as vitamins or minerals, particularly in powder form, in any form that permits their encapsulation.

In the context of the present invention, "digested or dissolved product" is understood to mean those compounds or compositions which are desired to be microencapsulated and which are previously subjected to processes known in the state of the art, for example mechanical, to considerably reduce their size In this way the product can be microencapsulated, so that it can be released in the place where it is most effective, in order to make it more bioavailable.

In the context of the present invention, "egg extract" is understood as a preparation containing any type of cell, cell component and / or one or more non-cellular ingredients, obtained from the clear and / or yolk of the less an egg by chemical or mechanical methods, such as treatment with pressure, distillation or evaporation.

By "cell component" are meant, in a non-limiting manner, RNA, micro-RNA, lipids, amino acids or peptides.

The term "active ingredient" refers to any chemical substance capable of being used in the prevention or treatment of diseases associated with humans and non-human animals.

With respect to step a), in a preferred embodiment said fluid medium, comprising glycerin, water or any mixture of both, is present in an amount in the range comprised between 2% and 30% by weight with respect to the weight of said at least a compound capable of being encapsulated. More preferably, said fluid medium is present in an amount in the range comprised between 8% and 10% by weight with respect to the weight of said at least one compound capable of being encapsulated.

This fluid medium is essential for the subsequent dissolution, suspension or emulsion of the mixture formed in stage a), in step b). The formation of a solution, suspension or emulsion of the mixture depends on the chemical nature of said at least one compound or composition capable of being encapsulated, and in particular, of its solubility in the fluid medium.

The mixer used in step a) can include any industrial mixing system known in the industry that allows to modify the mixing speed (ie the speed of rotation), apply high vacuum and determine the intensity of the electric current. Preferably, said mixer is selected from the group consisting of a strip mixer, a blade mixer, a ribbon mixer and a rotating blade mixer, and more preferably, is a strip mixer.

On the other hand, in an embodiment of this method of the invention, an amount of at least one fatty acid is preferably added in step c), which may be in the range between 10% and 30% by weight with respect to the weight of said at least one compound capable of being encapsulated. Still more preferably, said amount of at least one fatty acid may be in the range between 15% and 25% by weight relative to the weight of said at least one compound capable of being encapsulated.

In the context of the invention, the term "fatty acid" refers to any carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain in the range between 4 and 24 carbon atoms, which may be linear or branched.

Specifically, said at least one fatty acid comprises a saturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid. In addition, said unsaturated fatty acid is selected from a monounsaturated or polyunsaturated unsaturated fatty acid.

Preferably, when said at least one fatty acid is a monounsaturated unsaturated fatty acid, it is selected from the group consisting of palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, erucic acid and nervonic acid.

Alternatively, when said at least one fatty acid is a polyunsaturated unsaturated fatty acid, it is selected from the group consisting of arachidonic acid, eicosadienoic acid, eicosatrienoic acid (TEE), α-linolenic acid (ALA), Y-linolenic acid, acid stearidonic acid (SDA), dihomo-Y-linolenic acid, docosadienoic acid, adrenal acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), hexadecatrienoic acid (HTA), eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA), heneicosapentaenoic acid (HPA), tetracosapentenoic acid and tetracosahexaenoic acid.

In a more preferred embodiment, the fatty acid is palmitic acid.

In another embodiment of the method of the invention, an amount of at least one fatty acid derivative is preferably added in step c), which may be in the range between 10% and 30% by weight relative to the weight of said at least one a compound capable of being encapsulated. Still more preferably, said amount of at least one fatty acid derivative may be in the range between 12% and 28% by weight relative to the weight of said at least one compound capable of being encapsulated.

Preferably, said amount of at least one fatty acid derivative is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid esters of glycerol, polyhydric fatty acid esters, glycol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, acid esters sorbitan fatty acids, sorbitan esters, alkyl glycosides and fatty acid ethanolamides.

An illustrative example of a possible glycerol fatty acid ester that can be used in this step c) is glycerol monostearate, while polyethylene glycol monooleate is a non-limiting example of polyhydric fatty acid esters. On the other hand, an example of esters of glycol fatty acids susceptible to be used in the present method is propylene glycol monostearate.

With respect to polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, non-limiting examples thereof include polyoxyethylene stearate, polyoxyethylene-2-stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene-21-stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene-12-keto-stearyl ether or ether of polyoxyethylene-20-ketoestearyl, while examples of sorbitan esters include sorbitan monostearate, polyethoxyethylenated sorbitan monostearate (also known commercially as "Tween 60®"), sorbitan monolaurate (also known commercially as "Arlacel 20" ®), polyethoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (also known commercially as "Tween 20®"), sorbitan monopalmitate (also known commercially as "Span 40" ®), sorbitan monooleate (also known commercially as "Span 80" ®), polyethoxyethylenated sorbitan monooleate (also known commercially as "Tween 68®") or sorbitan sorbate.

In a still more preferred embodiment, the fatty acid derivative is ricinoleate.

Said fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives, or any of their mixtures play a prominent role in the formation of stable micelles, since they are amphiphilic compounds that are dispersed in the fluid medium, forming a continuous or discontinuous covering surrounding said at least one compound or composition capable of being encapsulated, thus favoring the efficiency of the subsequent encapsulation.

Regarding the encapsulating agent used in step d), any material suitable for encapsulation that is food grade, or pharmaceutical grade, depending on the compound or composition that is desired to encapsulate will be suitable.

Preferably, said encapsulating agent is sulfur dioxide or at least one polymer. In another more preferred embodiment the encapsulating agent is niacin.

Examples of polymer include, but are not limited to, maltodextrins, proteins (eg gelatin), fractionated proteins, hydrolyzed proteins (eg partially hydrolyzed gelatin), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohols, waxes, fats, polyacrylates (eg polymethacrylates such as Eudragit®), acids polyacrylics, gums from seeds (eg carob or locust bean gum, guar gum), gums from exudates ( eg gum acacia), gums from extraction, gums of bacterial origin ( eg xanthan gum), pectin, pregelatinized starch, hydrolyzed hydrogenated starch, modified celluloses, hydrocolloids from algae (eg agar, alginate and carrageenan), and chitosan.

More preferably, said encapsulating agent, as used in step d) of the present method, is present in an amount in the range comprised between 20% and 80% by weight relative to the weight of said at least one compound capable of being encapsulated. .

Step e) makes it possible to significantly eliminate the fluid medium by applying certain vacuum and temperature conditions, while at the same time contributing to the encapsulation of said at least compound or composition capable of being encapsulated, since these conditions are applied under agitation, which favors the contact between the encapsulating agent and the micelles obtained from the compound or composition to be encapsulated and the fatty acid or fatty acid derivative of amphipathic character.

In a particular embodiment of this first object of the invention, preferred conditions are used in step e), which are in the range of 20 mbar and 0.0001 mbar, and more preferably, in the range 10 mbar-0.001 mbar

On the other hand, temperature conditions in the range between 40 ° C and 250 ° C for stage e) are also preferably used; more preferably, said temperature conditions are in the range between 60 ° C and 200 ° C.

In particular, in step e) of the method of the invention, the mixture resulting from stage d) is subjected to vacuum conditions in the range between 20 mbar and 0.0001 mbar, and to temperature conditions in the range between 40 ° C and 250 ° C.

In this regard, it has been confirmed, by means of electron microscopy studies, that surprisingly, the agitation of the mixture of components under these certain conditions of vacuum and temperature in the mixer allows the efficient encapsulation of the compound or composition susceptible to encapsulation. .

Specifically, from a follow-up of step e) in the mixer, and through said microscopy studies, it has been experimentally observed that when the variation of electric current intensity in the mixer is substantially zero during a period of time in the range between 1 minute and 120 minutes, a complete encapsulation of the compound or composition capable of being encapsulated is achieved. It is postulated the existence of a synergy between the conditions of vacuum, temperature, and agitation, where the latter allows the encapsulating agent to come into increasing contact, as the fluid medium is eliminated, with the compound or composition susceptible to encapsulation, in spite of being captured said compound or composition within the micelle formed with the fatty acid or fatty acid derivative.

"Substantially zero" current will be understood as the difference between two values of electric current intensity equal to or less than 10 amps if the turns are less than one minute.

This synergy allows, as can be seen in the scanning electron microscopy images (Figs 1-2), to form microcapsules of average diameter in the range between 5 pm and 2000 pm, which contain at least one digested or dissolved product selected from among compound or composition, which is at a concentration of between 30% and 70% by weight with respect to the total weight of the microcapsule.

Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the determined time period of step e), during which certain vacuum conditions are applied and under agitation, as indicated above, is that determined by the point at which it is reached the proximity to the blockade of the mixer, wherein said proximity to the block corresponds to a variation of substantially zero current in said mixer for a period of time in the range comprised between 1 minute and 120 minutes.

Thus, the present method of the invention allows the formation of microcapsules that include at least one digested or dissolved product, selected from a compound or composition, that significantly increase the bioavailability of said product, due to the large total surface area of these microcapsules. , which will facilitate its breakage, with the consequent release of the compound or encapsulated composition, improving the absorption by the human or non-human animal subject.

Preferably, said agitation is carried out at a speed in the range between 3 turns / min and 6000 turns / min, where the higher the number of turns per minute, the smaller the size (ie average diameter) of the microcapsules obtained.

In step f), an amount of at least one fluidizing agent is added which, after the collapse of the agitation observed in the mixer, described above, allows breaking the agglomeration of the microcapsules, thus facilitating their extraction from the mixer for use in subsequent formulations, or their storage.

Preferably, the amount of at least one fluidizing agent is in the range between 1% and 25% by weight relative to the weight of said at least one compound capable of being encapsulated.

Examples of fluidizing agents include amorphous silica, which is preferably precipitated silica for food use, or bentonite, although any Inert absorbent suitable for food use with an average particle size in the range between 10 p, m and 30 p, m. In another preferred embodiment the fluidizing agent is amorphous precipitation silica.

Another embodiment of the present method of the invention optionally comprises an additional step, subsequent to step c) and prior to step d), in which an amount of calcium hydroxide is added. This inorganic compound contributes to the formation of micelles, and is preferably used in the context of the present invention in a range comprised between 1% and 25% by weight relative to the weight of said at least one compound capable of being encapsulated, more preferably, 4% and 6% by weight with respect to the weight of said at least one compound capable of being encapsulated.

Said method may also optionally comprise a step g), wherein the microcapsules obtained in step f) are subjected to granulation in order to modify the particle size according to the requirements for their subsequent application. Depending on the intensity of the granulation, it is also possible that breakage of the microcapsules containing at least one digested product or dissolved within it, releasing it.

Additionally, it is also possible to carry out an optional step h), wherein said at least one fatty acid, fatty acid derivative, or any of its mixtures, is removed from the microcapsules, if the microcapsules have been ruptured previously. in an optional step g), obtained in step f).

In another embodiment of the invention, optional step g) takes place prior to optional step h), both being subsequent to step f) of the process; however, it is also possible to carry out step h) prior to step g), which involves eliminating said at least one fatty acid, fatty acid derivative or any of its mixtures before subjecting the product resulting from the process to granulation, so that microcapsules are obtained directly, if the breakage of the microcapsules in optional step h) has previously been forced, free of fatty acids and / or derivatives thereof.

A second objective of the present invention is to provide microcapsules obtained by the process described above.

Specifically, at least one microcapsule comprising within it at least one digested or dissolved product, selected from a compound or composition capable of being encapsulated, is characterized in that:

- the product is at a concentration of between 30% and 70% by weight with respect to the weight of the microcapsule,

- said at least one compound or composition is selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, an egg extract or an active ingredient, and - said microcapsule has an average diameter in the range between 5 pm and 2000 pm.

Said at least one compound or composition capable of being encapsulated present in the microcapsules provided by the present invention is selected, without limitation, between zinc oxide, an egg extract and an active principle. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that compounds or compositions such as vitamins or minerals are also included in any form that allows their encapsulation, particularly in powder form.

A third objective of the present invention is to provide a nutraceutical composition characterized in that it comprises an amount of microcapsules of the present invention, and a quantity of nutraceutically and / or pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.

The term "nutraceutical composition" refers to products or compositions derived from foods intended to provide additional health benefits in comparison with the basic nutritional value of said foods. Usually, these are highly regulated products by the authorities, and are usually pharmaceutical grade nutrients.

The term "pharmaceutically acceptable excipients" refers to excipients suitable medically for use in contact with tissues of humans and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or any other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.

The term "nutraceutically acceptable excipients" refers to suitable excipients, from a food standpoint, for use in nutraceutical products or compositions.

Finally, a fourth objective of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition characterized in that it comprises a quantity of microcapsules of the present invention, and a quantity of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. Throughout the description and the claims, the word "comprises" and its variations, such as the word "includes", do not intend to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. The objects, advantages and additional features of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon analysis of the description. Additionally, the present invention covers all possible combinations of the particular and preferred embodiments described above.

Brief description of the figures

Fig. 1. High resolution scanning electron microscopy images (XHR SEM Magellan 400 L) of the outer surface of encapsulated zinc oxide capsules according to the present invention, where the spheroidal shape of the oxide microcapsules of zinc.

Fig. 1 (a) shows a general image of the external surface, while Fig. 1 (b) corresponds to an image centered on a microcapsule with an average diameter greater than 30 μm.

Fig. 2. High resolution scanning electron microscopy (XHR SEM Magellan 400 L) images of the interior of encapsulated zinc oxide microcapsules according to the present invention, once ground for microscopic analysis.

Figs. 2 (a) and 2 (b) show images corresponding to different areas of the interior of the zinc oxide microcapsules.

Claims (1)

Method for obtaining microcapsules characterized in that said microcapsules have an average diameter in the range comprised between 5 pm and 2000 pm and comprise in their interior at least one digested or dissolved product, selected between a compound and a composition, where the product is found at a concentration of between 30% and 70% by weight with respect to the weight of the microcapsule, wherein said method comprises: a) disposing at least one compound or composition capable of being encapsulated and a fluid medium comprising glycerin, water or any mixture of both, in a mixer, b) dissolving, suspending or emulsifying the mixture of step a), c) adding an amount of at least one fatty acid, fatty acid derivative, or any of its mixtures, to the mixture of step b), wherein said amount of at least one fatty acid, fatty acid derivative, or any of its mixtures is effective for the formation of stable micelles in said fluid medium, d) add a quantity of encapsulating agent, e) subject to certain vacuum and temperature conditions under agitation for a certain period of time, and f) adding an amount of at least one fluidizing agent, with the proviso that when in step a) at least one composition capable of being encapsulated is provided comprising an amount of at least one fatty acid, fatty acid derivative, or any of its mixtures, which is effective for the formation of stable micelles in said fluid medium, step c) is not carried out. Method according to claim 1, wherein said fluid medium is present in an amount in the range comprised between 2% and 30% by weight relative to the weight of said at least one compound capable of being encapsulated. 3 Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said fluid medium is present in an amount in the range comprised between 8% and 10% by weight relative to the weight of said at least one compound capable of being encapsulated. 4 Method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein said mixer is selected from the group consisting of a strip mixer, a blade mixer, a ribbon mixer and a rotating blade mixer. Method according to any of claims 1-4, wherein said amount of at least one fatty acid is in the range between 10% and 30% by weight relative to the weight of said at least one compound capable of being encapsulated . 6. Method according to any of claims 1-5, wherein said at least one fatty acid comprises a saturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid. The method according to claim 6, wherein said amount of at least one fatty acid is selected from a monounsaturated or polyunsaturated unsaturated fatty acid. 8. Method according to claim 7, wherein said monounsaturated fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, erucic acid and nervonic acid. 9. Method according to claim 7, wherein said polyunsaturated fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of arachidonic acid, eicosadienoic acid, eicosatrienoic acid (TEE), α-linolenic acid (ALA), Y-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid (SDA), dihomo-Y-linolenic acid, docosadienoic acid, adrenal acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), hexadecatrienoic acid (HTA), eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA), heneicosapentaenoic acid (HPA), tetracosapentenoic acid and tetracosahexaenoic acid. 10 Method according to any of claims 1-5, wherein said amount of at least one fatty acid derivative is selected from the group that It consists of glycerol fatty acid esters, polyhydric fatty acid esters, glycol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, sorbitan esters, alkyl glycosides and fatty acid ethanolamides. 11. Method according to any of claims 1-10, wherein said encapsulating agent is present in an amount in the range comprised between 20% and 80% by weight with respect to the weight of said at least one compound capable of being encapsulated. 12. Method according to any of claims 1-11, wherein said encapsulating agent is selected from niacin, sulfur dioxide or at least one polymer. 13. Method according to claim 12, wherein said at least one polymer is selected from maltodextrins, proteins, fractionated proteins, hydrolyzed proteins, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohols, waxes, fats, polyacrylates, polyacrylic acids, gums from seeds, gums from exudates, gums from extraction, gums of bacterial origin, pectin, pregelatinized starch, hydrogenated starch hydrolyzate, modified celluloses, hydrocolloids from algae, and chitosan. 14. Method according to any of claims 1-13, wherein said vacuum conditions are in the range between 20 mbar and 0.0001 mbar. 15. Method according to any of claims 1-14, wherein said temperature conditions are comprised in the range between 40 ° C and 250 ° C. 16. Method according to any of claims 1-15, wherein said determined time period of step e) is defined by the point at which proximity to the mixer block is reached, wherein said proximity to the block corresponds to a variation of substantially zero current in said mixer for a period of time in the range comprised between 1 minute and 120 minutes. 17. Method according to any of claims 1-16, wherein the amount of at least one fluidizing agent is in the range between 1% and 25% by weight relative to the weight of said at least one compound capable of being encapsulated . 18. Method according to any of claims 1-17, wherein said at least one fluidizing agent is amorphous silica or bentonite. 19. Method according to claim 18, wherein said amorphous silica is precipitated silica. 20. Method according to any of claims 1-19, comprising an additional step, subsequent to step c) and prior to step d), in which an amount of calcium hydroxide is added. 21. Method according to claim 20, wherein said amount of calcium hydroxide is in the range between 1% and 25% by weight relative to the weight of said at least one compound capable of being encapsulated. 22. Method according to any of claims 1-21, comprising a step g), wherein the microcapsules obtained in step f) are subjected to granulation. Method according to any of claims 1-22, comprising a step h), wherein said at least one fatty acid, fatty acid derivative, or any of its mixtures, is removed from the microcapsules obtained in step F). 24. Method according to any of claims 1-23, wherein said at least one compound or composition capable of being encapsulated is selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, an egg extract or an active principle. 25. Microcapsule comprising in its interior at least one digested or dissolved product, selected from a compound or composition capable of being encapsulated, characterized in that: - the product is at a concentration of between 30% and 70% by weight with respect to the weight of the microcapsule, - said at least one compound or composition is selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, an egg extract or an active ingredient, and - said microcapsule has an average diameter in the range between 5 pm and 2000 pm. 26. Nutraceutical composition characterized in that it comprises a quantity of microcapsules defined according to claim 25, and a quantity of nutraceutically and / or pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. 27. Pharmaceutical composition characterized in that it comprises a quantity of microcapsules defined according to claim 25, and a quantity of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.