ES2627197T3 - Device with heated surfaces for homogeneous heat distribution - Google Patents

Abstract

Device with a heated surface for homogeneous heat distribution consisting of: - a non-woven material (101) of high electrical conductivity, which contains electrical insulating fibers (103) and electrically conductive fibers (104); - a control device by means of which a voltage can be adjusted to guarantee the current flow necessary to achieve the desired heating power; - cables (110) through which contact with the control device is achieved for an exchange of data and / or signals and / or a supply of the non-woven material (110) with electrical energy; and - the thickness of the electrically conductive fibers is large enough for a current flow to occur when there is tension; characterized in that - for increasing the heating power at a given existing voltage, the operating voltage, the control device momentarily increases the voltage of the voltage impact "Δ U1" to subsequently return to the initial voltage; - in the case where the current value of the heating power continues to be below the nominal value, the control device generates a new voltage impact "Δ U2" for which purpose "Δ U2" is greater than "Δ U1 "; - and in the case where the current value of the heating power is still 30 below the nominal value, the control device generates a new voltage impact "Δ U3", for which purpose "Δ U3" is greater than " Δ U2 "; - and in the case where the current value of the heating power is still below the nominal value, the step described above is repeated, for which purpose "Δ Un" is greater than "Δ Ui", with i> = 1 (up to n-1).

Description

image 1

image2

image3

image4

image5

image6

In an advantageous configuration, the device is lightweight and has a surface weight of at most 1000 g / sqr, to serve a wide application area. The "Square" (sqr) is a non-metric surface measure, for which 1 sqr of a square surface corresponds to a side length of 10 feet, that is, 9,290304 square meters. Preferably the device has a surface weight of a maximum of 450g / sqr, 400g / sqr, 350g / sqr, 300g / sqr, 250g / sqr, or 200g / sqr. More preferable at most 190g / sqr, 180g / sqr, 170g / sqr, 160g / sqr, 150g / sqr, 140g / sqr, 130g / sqr, 120g / sqr, 110g / sqr

or 100g / sqr. Most preferable of all is that the surface weight of the nonwoven material is a maximum of 160g / sqr.

The term "nonwoven material of high electrical conductivity" refers to a set of fibers of different nature and origin, which have somehow joined to a nonwoven material and are connected in some way with each other. These types of non-woven or wadded fabrics are largely flexible on their surface, which means that they can be easily folded, their main structure elements are fibers and they show a relatively small thickness compared to their length and width. The structure of the nonwoven material is optional, for which purpose a nonwoven material with a normal structure shows a high fixation and a nonwoven material with an open structure is especially suitable for a punching process. Fire retardant and / or hardly flammable nonwoven material is preferable.

The ingenious nonwoven material encompasses a large part of stainless steel fibers, especially stainless steel fibers, which provides a high level of mechanical and chemical stability. In addition, the non-woven material is made in such a way that it does not let light through the water and has great stability, that is to say stable over a period of at least 1 year, 2 years, 3 years or 4 years. Even more preferable is the non-woven material that remains stable for a period of at least 5, 10, 15, 20 or more years. Another nonwoven material I intend is the flexible and in its average related to the invariable surface of high electrical conductivity

The term "cables" refers to a type of cables through which contact, especially electrical contact, occurs with the control device for an exchange of data and / or signals and / or supply the nonwoven material electric power The exchange of data and / or signals and the power supply can be carried out through a conduit or a cable.

The cables are preferably light and water resistant and chemically stable. Therefore, the basic component is a low reactive metal and / or a low reactive metal alloy.

The term "control device" refers to an electrical device to control the voltage and current force in the device. In a preferred variant, the control of the voltage and the current regulated according to the exchange of data and / or signals is carried out from the non-woven material and / or external sensors.

Manual and / or automatic voltage adjustment and with it the current flow in the control device is preferable. In the case of automatic voltage control, the device regulates on its own, which is also connected and / or integrated with a control system for its own regulation and / or its own evaluation, the manufacture of a control device These characteristics reside within the framework of professional experience.

In a refinement, a continuous or alternating voltage is adjusted to the control device. However, alternating voltage is preferred since the use of alternating voltage also offers the advantage that the polarization effect and / or the galvanic process on the electrodes can be avoided.

Other advantageous improvements of the invention are presented in the claims below, which can be carried out individually or in combination.

In another improvement, the control device regulates the current flow necessary to achieve the desired heating power by means of amplitude modulation and / or pulse width modulation in rectangular pulses.

The term "amplitude modulation" is, in the sense of the invention, a process in which the certain voltage in the control device is gradually interrupted and the transmission of energy and power is reduced in which the device control light turns on and off repeatedly. In this way, the energy supplied to the non-woven material by the control device is distributed in the form of pulses for which purpose, between the pulses there are pauses respectively. The longer the pauses between the pulses, the smaller the amount of energy transmitted. Within the scope of the invention it is possible that the tension determined in the control device and in the nonwoven material is constant, for which purpose the transmission power increases or decreases with pauses. It is possible to lengthen or shorten the pulse length in relation to the length of the pauses and vice versa. An amplitude modulation of this type of the control device is important for the safety system since this leads to an increase in the recognition of fault currents. The security system serves to prevent fires.

Under a "pulse width modulation in rectangular pulses" means a type of modulation in which a technical size, such as the electrical voltage between two values, ie a minimum and a maximum, is changed into a rectangular pulse.

By modulating the pulse width, the signal is switched on and off again, for which purpose the spaces on and off can be modulated. Depending on whether it has to be heated continuously and / or the non-woven heating material is turned on in spaces determined for a certain duration, the heating power or energy will change. In this way it is achieved that the performance of the control device can be controlled by changing the spaces.

In configurations, the nonwoven material includes insulating fibers and high electrical conductivity fibers, which are resistant to light and water, as well as chemically stable. In addition, all water-absorbing fibers are preferred. The electrically conductive fibers are either polished metal fibers, or metallic coated fibers with an electrical insulating core, for which purpose the cores are coated by a metal, especially silver, and / or a synthetic material, and / or galvanized synthetic fibers. With this, the return of the contact resistance between the individual fiber is sufficiently reducible, which indicates a modification of the transmission characteristic or of the transmission resistance through the addition of additives to the fiber material, such as for example Silver or silver fibers. It is preferable that the metal used is a slightly reactive metal and / or a slightly reactive metal alloy.

By modifying the mixing ratio between galvanized / coated plastic fibers and metallic fibers, individual conductivity can be achieved.

The non-woven material of the invention is very good conductor or has a high conductivity, so that benefits can be achieved preferably in dimensions of 1 to more kW / m2 with a supply voltage of only alternating voltage of 42 volts. The alternating voltage is SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage).

Due to the characteristic voltage / current curve, it is possible to use nonwoven material on large surfaces, such as floor, ceiling and / or wall heating. This guarantees a heating and / or drying of spaces, as well as a thaw in external areas, such as bridges, streets, roads, transport systems, airplanes, trucks and / or roofs.

The non-woven material is also breathable, whereby the moisture of the non-woven material can be directly overcome and thus the surfaces dry quickly. Due to the perspiration activity, the non-woven material is also suitable as an air freshener in the filtering systems to which effect the flowing air is heated, purified and / or ionized.

The electrical contact resistance is preferably in the milliohm range. The surface resistance of the non-woven material is between 1 - 1000 Ohm / sqr

For the realization of higher current densities a very good contact is necessary especially within the non-woven material and between individual non-woven materials. It is also important that the resistance of the contact connector is also low, since otherwise the supply voltage must increase.

In this, the cables are integrated in the direction of the warp and / or weft in the fabric, in which cords, cables and conductive wires are interwoven.

Preferably the nonwoven material has at least two layers. The fabric is placed between the layers of the nonwoven material.

Preferably the flow of current flows horizontally through the nonwoven material, that is to say the positive and negative poles are arranged in the same plane of the nonwoven material. The positive and the negative pole are arranged at a certain distance between them, preferably at an ideal distance of for example 50 cm. Naturally, the distance chosen may be less than or greater than the one named. The positive pole is preferably placed at the edge of the non-woven material and the negative pole at the opposite edge. Therefore, to heat a large surface, it is necessary that vain non-woven materials be placed next to each other and connected to each other. In the continuation of the orientation of the non-woven material mentioned above, the positive and negative poles alternate. Here it is important that the electrodes have the same separation distance between them so that the partial resistances of the sections of the nonwoven material are equal

Alternatively, the current flow goes vertically through the nonwoven material, that is, the positive and negative poles are arranged at horizontal levels other than the nonwoven material.

The fabric with the integrated cables is preferably connected over the entire surface with the nonwoven material. A conductive electricity network with temporarily stable contact bridges is formed by the chaotic and mechanical metal-metal contact of the individual fibers.

image7

In addition, it is possible to perform a moisture measurement to which effect on a sensor it is valid that the non-woven material only reacts with a known cross sensitivity over a physical size.

Moisture sensors for large areas locate and / or quantify the damages caused by moisture and / or control this by actively heating the surface. This makes sense in the supervision of large surfaces, such as enclosures and retaining walls and / or roof constructions. Advantageously, the supervision is carried out over the entire surface, that is, not only at one point, for which purpose the installation or placement of the non-woven material is very easy, fast and economical.

Within the framework of the present invention it is also possible that the different sensory nonwovens are combined with each other, so that the nonwoven material fully shows the property profile of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and / or a humidity sensor.

It is understood that the definitions and executions of the terms cited above serve everything in this description in the following aspects described as long as the contrary is not indicated.

Other singularities, features and advantages of the invention arise from the following description of the preferred exemplary embodiment in relation to the claims below. In this regard, the respective characteristics can be implemented individually or in combination with each other. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment. Execution examples are represented schematically in the figures. The same reference numbers in the individual figures show the same elements or elements with the same functions with respect to their function.

In particular it shows:

Figure 1, the structure of the nonwoven material of high electrical conductivity with the cables;

Figure 2, a fabric of the cables in the direction of the weft and the warp;

Figure 3, a fabric of the cables in several layer structures between two layers of the nonwoven material of high electrical conductivity;

Figure 4, the process of tension in the force exerted on the nonwoven material.

Figure 1 shows in an isometric schematic representation the structure of a non-woven material of high electrical conductivity (101) with the cables (110), whereby electrical contact is produced with a control device for data exchange and / or signal and / or a feed to the nonwoven material (101) with electrical energy the cables (110) can be integrated into a fabric (111) in the direction of the weft and the warp and are resistant to light and water and Chemically stable Thus, the fabric (111) is in contact with the integrated cables (110) throughout the surface with the non-woven material (101).

The nonwoven material (101) contains a large part of stainless steel fibers, in which case a high level of chemical and mechanical stability is given. In addition, it is resistant to light and water and has great stability over time, that is, for a period of at least 5 years. The non-woven material (101) is also a fire inhibitor and / or hardly flammable, as well as a flexible and high continuous electrical conductivity invariable throughout the surface. The nonwoven material (101) is also breathable, whereby the moisture of the nonwoven material (101) is directly exceeded.

The nonwoven material (101) contains electrical insulating fibers (103) and electrically conductive fibers (104) which are also resistant to light, water and chemically stable. The electrically conductive fibers (104) are here polished metallic fibers or metallic coated fibers with an electrical insulating core, for which purpose the nonconductive metallic coated fibers are coated with a metal, generally with silver, and / or a synthetic material. and / or galvanized with synthetic fibers.

The non-woven electrically conductive material (101) reaches a power of a dimension of 1 to several kW / m2 with a supply voltage of only 42 volts of alternating voltage, which is not harmful to adults and normal application cases. With this, the non-woven material (101) offers many advantages as regards technical safety aspects. In addition, several uses of the non-woven material (101) are opened, such as for floor, ceiling and / or wall heating, heating or drying of spaces, as well as a thaw in the external area.

The non-woven material (101) is also sensory, for which purpose it can be adjusted to a cross sensitivity established by the introduction of high conductivity additives to the fibrous material, such as silver or silver fibers, in which a electric base network which can be set in other process chains. In this way a cross sensitivity can be adjusted in the manufacture of the nonwoven material (101). With this, the non-woven material (101) shows the property profile of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and / or a humidity sensor. As is known, the sensor that the nonwoven material (101) only reacts to a physical magnitude with a known cross sensitivity. However, a nonwoven material (101) can also be created in which different sensory nonwovens (101) are combined so that the nonwoven material (101) shows in its entirety several property profiles.

Figure 2 shows a schematic isometric representation of the fabric (111) with the integrated cables (110) in the weft and warp direction (112, 113) which are resistant to light, water and chemically stable. In the fabric, cables and conductive wires and / or conductive filaments are arranged.

Figure 3 shows in a schematic representation the ingenious device (100) that integrates the fabric (111) with the cables (110) integrated in a montage of vain layers between two sheets (102) of the highly conductive non-woven material of electricity (101) ), where the control device is not represented. The ingenious device (100) is simple to apply on a heating surface and very light with a maximum surface weight of 160g / sqr.

It can be clearly seen that the nonwoven material (101) is formed by two layers (102), for which purpose the cables (101) are arranged in the fabric (111) between the layers

(102)

 of the nonwoven material (101). The flow of current passes horizontally through the nonwoven material, that is, the negative and positive poles are arranged in the same layer (102) of the nonwoven material, or vertically through the nonwoven material (101). ), that is to say that the positive and negative poles are arranged in different layers

(102)

 of nonwoven material.

The fabric (111) with the integrated cables (110) is connected throughout the surface with the nonwoven material so that on the occasion of the chaotic and mechanical metal-metal contact of each fiber, a network of high electrical conductivity with bridges is formed of provisional and mechanical stable contact. In the manufacturing process of the non-woven material, the cords and / or cables woven in the fabric are also joined, calendered and / or flamed with the fibers (103, 104), that is, the conductive wires and / or conductive filaments They connect with the non-woven material. This makes optimal contact possible.

Figure 4 shows a diagram of the tension exerted by the ingenious device for creating a low electrical resistance. As tension the tension U is applied and as time t is abscissa. Starting from an operating voltage of U0 there is a momentary voltage impact ∆ U1 on the device. Here ∆ U1 is that type of voltage that remains above the operating voltage at the first voltage impact and this exceeds the given value After the pressurized voltage has returned back to the operating voltage U0 with the end of the impact of voltage, which has been represented here simply as a rectangle, a check is carried out on the contrary of whether the current flow is now sufficient at the operating voltage U0 to provide the desired heating power. As long as this is not the case, the force exerted is carried out with the second stress impact, for which purpose the peak voltage value is now above the value of the first stress impact, that is ∆ U2 is greater than ∆ U1. Then the conditions that additional bridges can be formed to increase the conductivity are achieved

After the end of the second voltage impact through the recoil to the operating voltage U0, a specific check is made as to whether there is now a given current force. This is denied in the graph of the example shown and two more stress impacts will still be made in the manner described above. It is always valid that the level of the voltage impact of the next step has to be greater than that of the previous step, since only in this case there is hope that additional electric conductor bridges will be formed.

With the completion of the fourth voltage impact, a current force is then achieved that corresponds to the desired value of the actual value.

As a result, a high current force at a constant operating voltage U0 would have been realized through the proposed measures. Contradictorily to the usual representation that, in case of need of a greater current force, the voltage has to be increased correspondingly, the invention goes by a totally different path that contains in its essential core to reduce the electrical resistance for the increase of the heating power. This is possible on electrical forms through the steps described in the invention.

List of reference numbers

100 ingenious device

101 non-woven material with high electrical conductivity

102 layers of nonwoven material

103 electrical insulating fibers

104 electrically conductive fibers

image8

Claims (1)

image 1 image2