ES2609378T3 - An apparatus for the production of gaseous fuel from materials of organic and / or inorganic origin - Google Patents

Abstract

A device (1) for the production of gaseous fuel from materials of organic and / or inorganic origin, which includes a filling chamber (2) that is connected to at least one conveyor (3, 3 ') of supply auger to provide material from the filling chamber (2) in a reactor comprising at least two heated gasification augers (9) arranged in at least two horizontal rows one above the other for a serpentine passage of the material from the chamber (2) of filling at an outlet (8) of the fuel gas, formed by synthesis gas from a thermochemical reaction in the gasification augers (9), in which the outlet (8) is arranged in the gasification auger (9) positioned below, characterized in that each horizontal row of the gasification augers (9) is formed by a gasification body (7, 7 ', 7 "), whose housing has a closed oval cross section formed by an upper base (10) , a ba is (11) lower and convex side walls (12) each having a circular arc profile, in which each gasification body (7, 7 ', 7 ") contains at least two gasification augers (9) arranged side by side and partially separated mutually by longitudinal partitions (13) forming middle grooves for individual gasification augers (9), additionally, parallel to the upper base (10) and / or the lower base (11) of each body ( 7, 7 ', 7 ") of gasification is provided at least one electric heater (14), and the filling chamber (2) is hermetically sealed to prevent the entry of atmospheric gas during the filling of the material, and at least one neck (15) leads into the filling chamber (2) to supply exhaust gases (16) from the combustion of the synthesis gas collected at the outlet (8) of the device (1) in an internal combustion engine (17), and the filling chamber (2) is equipped with at least one neck ( 18) for the release of exhaust gases (16) from the filling chamber (2).

Description

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DESCRIPTION

An apparatus for the production of gaseous fuel from materials of organic and / or inorganic origin

Background and summary of the invention

The invention relates to a device for the gasification of organic or inorganic materials such as bulk waste based on wood or other biomass, or even municipal waste, petroleum waste, coal, etc., which generate synthesis gas used as fuel for internal combustion engines and combustion turbines, for example those designed to drive electric generators in cogeneration units.

Devices known so far for the gasification of organic or predominantly organic materials such as wood waste, wood chips, straw, mud, and different forms of biomass, which include municipal and other waste, predominantly use a gasification process based on combustion, partial combustion, or fluidized bed combustion of material. In these cases the material is filled from a filling hopper in auger conveyors, through which it moves and is heated directly or indirectly during the passage through auger conveyors, during which the synthesis gas is developed to from the thermochemical reaction in progress. The synthesis gas is then used as a gaseous fuel for internal combustion engines of cogeneration units.

In these known devices, the biggest problem is maintaining the stability of the gasification process and achieving a high standard quality of the outlet synthesis gas, particularly in achieving a low content of tar and nitrogen. The precise regulation of the combustion process is difficult, and a disadvantage also lies in the high emissions of ash and other pollutants. The outlet synthesis gas generally contains tar that is formed during combustion of the pre-dried material with a moisture content of up to 15%. Low humidity, which is a prerequisite for effective combustion, has the undesirable consequence of a high tar content that must be chemically removed by washing in order to achieve a sufficient quality of synthesis gas for combustion in internal combustion engines .

In the patent application JP 2001 28 94 22 A, the device for gasification of the material is described through its combustion. In order to prevent atmospheric air from entering the device and thus reduce the risk of ignition of the material in the hopper, it is filtered, cooled and part of the combustion gas from the combustion chamber is fed into the sealing mechanism , which is positioned before entering the combustion chamber. Conversely, the combustion chamber is provided with oxygen in order to improve combustion of unburned particles. During combustion of the material, which must have a low relative humidity, undesirable tars are not formed but there is also no large percentage of nitrogen, so that the output synthesis gas is not of sufficient quality.

In EP 186 5045, the biomass enters the device from the tray through a supply auger and then passes through two gasification augers. Below them a combustion auger is positioned, from which both gasification augers are heated. Small biomass particles pass through a sieve from the gasification auger to the combustion auger where they are burned during the supply of preheated combustion air. The larger particles are returned to the gasification process. The developed synthesis gas passes through the entire device back to the beginning, where it is removed. The device according to EP 186 5045 is designed to allow a reduction of the nitrogen content in the developed synthesis gas. Since the gasification augers are not hermetically separated from the combustion auger, the disadvantage of the device is that part of the combustion gas continuously penetrates the gasification augers, so that the nitrogen content in the exhaust gas cannot achieve the optimum value zero or insignificant to achieve a high quality of the developed synthesis gas. The tar content in the synthesis gas is also high, since the material that passes through the gasification augers cannot have a high relative humidity due to subsequent combustion.

In US 2006/0075944 A1, a device for the production of a gaseous fuel from solid materials is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a filling chamber and two heated gasification augers.

The task of the invention is to provide a gasification device that eliminates the disadvantages of known devices, allows the processing of materials with a relatively high humidity, and achieves a high quality of the synthesis gas developed with a minimum content of tar and nitrogen. An additional task is to provide a device with lower emissions, with efficient regulation of the gasification procedure, and with improved stability of the entire system.

The task is solved by creating a device for the production of gaseous fuel from materials of organic and / or inorganic origin in accordance with the present invention.

The device includes a filling chamber that is connected to at least one supply auger conveyor for supplying material from the filling chamber to the gasification reactor. The gasification reactor comprises at least two heated gasification augers, arranged in rows above each other for a serpentine flow of the material through the reactor. The gaseous fuel is formed as a synthesis gas from

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the thermochemical reaction in the gasification augers and are collected at the outlet that is arranged in the lowest gasification auger.

The object of the invention lies in each horizontal row of the gasification augers that are formed by a gasification body whose housing has a closed oval cross section formed by an upper base, a lower base, and convex side walls each with a profile circular arc, in which each gasification body contains at least two gasification augers disposed side by side and partially spaced apart by longitudinal partitions, which form middle grooves for individual gasification augers. The gasification bodies are heated by electric heating, in which at least one element of the electric heating is arranged parallel to the lower base and / or the upper base of each gasification body. The filling chamber is hermetically sealed to prevent access of atmospheric air when the material is being filled. At least one neck leads to the filling chamber to supply exhaust gases from the combustion of the synthesis gas in the internal combustion engine. The filling chamber is additionally provided with at least one neck for the removal of the exhaust gases from the filling chamber. The device according to the invention allows the production of the synthesis gas with a lower tar content and almost zero nitrogen content, because the electric heater allows the processing of materials with a higher relative humidity and with perfect regulated heating in the bodies Gasification, together with the combustion elimination and hermetically sealed filling chamber, results in an improved quality of the exhaust gas used as fuel gas.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the filler auger conveyor is disposed on top of the highest gasification body and is mounted with at least one neck for the supply of water or steam, at least one neck for the supply of heat, and At least one neck for heat removal. The material fed into the reactor can thus be moistened before entering the first gasification body and preheated to improve the parameters of the gasification process.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, there is a spacer, positioned between the filling auger conveyor and the gasification body located above, which contains a moisture sensor for the material and an additional or alternative supply of water or steam to adjust The moisture of the material. According to the measured humidity values, it is thus possible to make final adjustments to the moisture content of the material at the optimum value, also in the spacer just before the material enters the gasification body.

For the ideal mixing and wetting of the inlet material, it is preferred that the filling chamber has a conical shape at its bottom, and leading to the filling chamber are two ends of the supply auger conveyors, which are separated inside of the filling chamber by a wedge shaped partition. Towards the opposite ends of the filling conveyor auger two spacers are connected that lead to an articular outlet neck with a flange that is connected to the flange of the inlet neck of the highest gasification body.

For universal use of different types of organic and inorganic materials, it is preferred that the device comprises three gasification bodies arranged in horizontal rows one above the other, in which within each gasification body they are arranged, in parallel in a horizontal plane, four gasification augers separated by longitudinal partitions.

In an embodiment of the preferred construction of the device according to the invention, the gasification bodies are horizontally separated from one another by vertical support partitions, in which the electric heaters are detachably located in spaces between adjacent bodies and between adjacent support partitions and side partitions at the upper base of each gasification body. This embodiment allows for easier installation, repair and replacement of heaters or their parts. The electric heater preferably comprises a set of heating elements in the form of tubes whose axes extend perpendicularly to the axes of the gasification augers. The device is housed in a cabinet with service holes that allow the exchange of heating elements without the need to remove the outer casing from the reactor.

In order to uniformly form an airtight seal of the material in the filling chamber, the filling chamber is preferably provided with two necks oppositely arranged for the supply of exhaust gases, in which these bodies are interconnected through distribution pipes. . Exhaust gases can thus penetrate the filling chamber evenly from both sides. The neck for the release of the exhaust gas from the filling chamber is arranged above the two supply necks.

Finally, it is advantageous that the front wall of each gasification body is provided with a common connecting flange for connecting the handles to the axes of the gasification augers in the gasification body.

The advantages of the device according to the invention are that it allows the generation of high quality synthesis gases with a minimum content of tar and nitrogen from different types of organic and inorganic materials that can have a relative humidity content greater than 50 %. Also an advantage is the uniform and intense electric heating of the wet material in the gasification bodies with heating

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common and uniform of several gasification augers at the same time. Another advantage is the simple prevention of atmospheric gas entering the gasification process that uses exhaust gases that are formed as combustion products of synthesis gas, in an internal combustion engine. The device, in comparison to known reactors, is characterized by low emissions, efficient regulation of the gasification process, and improved stability of the complete reactor system associated with the cogeneration unit.

Description of the drawings

The invention is described in detail by means of the following drawings:

Figure 1 is a block diagram of the device according to the invention showing the reactor connected to the cogeneration unit and other parts of the synthesis gas processing technology

Figure 2 shows a general perspective view of the device

Figure 3 shows an exploded perspective view of the assembly of the auger conveyors and gasification bodies with electric heaters

Figure 4 shows a vertical sectional view of the device in the plane A-A of Figure 3

Figure 5 shows a detailed perspective view of the filling chamber

Figure 6 shows a partial sectional view of the auger conveyors and the filling chamber

Examples of preferred embodiments of the invention

It should be understood that the specific examples described and illustrated further of the invention made are presented for illustrative purposes and not as a limitation of the examples of the embodiment of the invention to the cases shown here. Those skilled in the art will find, or through the use of routine experimentation will be able to determine, a larger or smaller number of equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention that are specifically described herein. These equivalents should also be included within the scope of the following claims.

The device 1 is, in the embodiment shown in Figure 1, part of a technological system used to produce electricity from biomass. Electric power is produced by a generator that is part of a cogeneration unit connected to a transformer 32. The generator is powered by a combustion engine 17, which is continuously supplied with gaseous fuel produced in the device 1 as formed synthesis gas as a thermochemical reaction by biomass gasification. The synthesis gas at the outlet 8 of the device 1 is removed, passes through a cooling and cleaning unit 31, to which an auxiliary means unit 33 is connected. Before entering the internal combustion engine 17, a torch 34 is mounted in the pipe that supplies the synthesis gas for emergency combustion of the synthesis gas in the event of a failure of the internal combustion engine 17. The exhaust gases 16 of the combustion engine 17 are conducted to the filling chamber 2 of the device 1, and fill it tightly, thus preventing the entry of atmospheric gas contained in the biomass of the device 1.

As seen from Figure 2, the device 1 has a cabinet 25 in which three gasification bodies 7, 7 ', 7 "are stored. The cabinet 25 has, on its sides, a set of service openings 26 for exchanging the heating elements 24 of the electric heaters 14 arranged between the individual gasification bodies 7, 7 ', 7 ". Above cabinet 25 is a filling chamber 2 in which the biomass (not shown) falls into the hopper (not shown). The filling chamber 2 has a cubic shape, the bottom of which is conical. On the side of the filling chamber 2 is a neck 15 for the supply of exhaust gas 16. In the upper cover 30 of the filling chamber 2 is an opening for the supply of biomass and a neck 18 for the release of exhaust gases 16 from the filling chamber 2. The exhaust gases 16 are continuously supplied from the internal combustion engine 17 in the filling chamber 2, pass through the biomass in the filling chamber 2 and exit through the neck 18 and a chimney (not shown) to the atmosphere. From the bottom of the filling chamber 2 thereof two supply augers 3, 3 'are projected that transport the biomass from the filling chamber 2 into the reactor through the spacers 4, 4' connected to the neck 5 output with a flange.

Figure 3 shows that the conveyors 3, 3 ’of supply augers are each equipped with a neck 20 for supplying heat and a neck 21 for removing heat. The spacers 4, 4 'then have necks 36 for supplying water or steam and are additionally internally equipped with a sensor 29 for the moisture of the material. Figure 3 also shows the construction of the device 1 inside the cabinet 25, where the three gasification bodies 7, 7 ', 7 "are arranged horizontally one above the other and are interconnected mutually so that the material passes through them in a serpentine direction The upper gasification body 7 has an inlet neck 6 with a flange that is connected to the flange of the outlet neck 5, through which the material falls from the spacers 4, 4 'in the body 7 of gasification positioned above. The gasification bodies 7, 7 ', 7 "form a floor supported by vertical support partitions 23 made of sheet metal. Each 7, 7 ’, 7" gasification body is an elliptical cross-section metal sheet weld that has a base 10

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flat top, a flat bottom base 11, and two semi-circular side walls 12. Within each gasification body 7, 7 ', 7 "are positioned, parallel to each other, four gasification augers 9, partially separated from each other by longitudinal partitions 13. The longitudinal partitions 13 are welded to the bottom base 11 and have the shape as of open semicircular middle grooves in which the gasification augers 9 are located The axes 28 of the gasification augers 9 project from the front walls of the gasification bodies 7, 7 ', 7 ", where there are flanges 27 to connect the guides (not shown) to the gasification augers 9. In the upper bases 10 of the gasification bodies 7, 7 ', 7 ", the electric heaters 14 are composed of sets of heating elements 24 in the form of pipes, whose axes are perpendicular to the axes of the gasification augers 9 The heating elements 24 can thus be removed by replacement from the cabinet 25 through the service openings 26. Each electric heater 14 is limited by longitudinal support partitions 23 and by lateral partitions 35 on the side, so that they heat the body 7, 7 ', 7 "arranged on top of it in an enclosed space.

Figures 5 and 6 show in detail the filling chamber 2. At its bottom is a wedge-shaped partition 22 that separates the conveyors 3, 3 ’from supply augers with each other. On the sides are two collars 15 for the supply of exhaust gases 16 which are interconnected by distribution pipes 19 for the uniform distribution of exhaust gases 16 in the filling chamber 2.

The device according to the invention can be used to produce fuel gas by gasification of the organic or inorganic material. General view of the positions used in the drawings 1 device for the production of gaseous fuel 2 filling chamber 3 supply auger conveyor in the reactor 3 'supply auger conveyor in the reactor 4 spacer 4' spacer 5 outlet neck with flange 6 inlet neck with flange 7 gasification body 7 'gasification body 7 "gasification body 8 synthesis gas outlet 9 gasification auger 10 upper base of the gasification body 11 lower base of the gasification body 12 side wall of the body gasification 13 longitudinal partition of the gasification body 14 electric heater 15 neck for the supply of exhaust gases 16 exhaust gases 17 internal combustion engine 18 neck for the elimination / release of exhaust gases 19 distribution pipes for the exhaust gases 20 neck for heat supply

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21 neck for heat removal / release 22 wedge-shaped partition 23 support partition 24 heating element

5 25 cabinet 26 service openings for heating element replacement 27 connection flange 28 gasification auger shaft 29 material moisture sensor

10 30 filling chamber lid 31 gas cooling and cleaning unit 32 transformer 33 auxiliary middle unit 34 torch

15 35 side partition 36 neck for water or steam inlet

Claims (10)

image 1 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five fifty 1. A device (1) for the production of gaseous fuel from materials of organic and / or inorganic origin, which includes a filling chamber (2) that is connected to at least one auger conveyor (3, 3 ') for supplying material from the filling chamber (2) in a reactor comprising at least two heated gasification augers (9) arranged in at least two horizontal rows one above the other for a serpentine passage of the material from the chamber (2 ) filling at an outlet (8) of the fuel gas, formed by synthesis gas from a thermochemical reaction in the gasification augers (9), in which the outlet (8) is arranged in the auger (9) of gasification positioned below, characterized in that each horizontal row of the gasification augers (9) is formed by a gasification body (7, 7 ', 7 "), whose housing has a closed oval cross section formed by a base (10 ) higher, a lower base (11) and convex side walls (12) each having a circular arc profile, in which each gasification body (7, 7 ', 7 ") contains at least two gasification augers (9) disposed side per side and partially separated mutually by longitudinal partitions (13) forming middle grooves for individual gasification augers (9), additionally, parallel to the upper base (10) and / or the lower base (11) of each body (7, 7 ', 7 ") gasification is provided at least one electric heater (14), and the filling chamber (2) is hermetically sealed to prevent the entry of atmospheric gas during the filling of the material, and at least one neck (15) leads into the filling chamber (2) to supply exhaust gases (16) from the combustion of the synthesis gas collected at the outlet (8) of the device (1) in an internal combustion engine (17), and the filling chamber (2) is equipped with at least one neck (18) for the release of exhaust gases (16) from the filling chamber (2).

2.

A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler auger conveyor (3, 3 ') is positioned above the gasification body (7) located higher and is equipped with at least one neck (36) for supplying water or steam to adjust the moisture of the material, with at least one neck (20) to supply heat, and at least one neck (21) to release heat.

3.

A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between the filler auger conveyor (3, 3 ') and the gasification body (7) positioned above there is a spacer (4, 4') containing a sensor ( 29) to measure the moisture of the material and a neck (36) to supply water or steam to adjust the moisture of the material.

Four.

A device according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the filling chamber (2) has a conical shape at its bottom, and leading towards the filling chamber (2) are the ends of two conveyors (3, 3 ' ) of supply augers, separated within the filling chamber (2) by a wedge-shaped partition (22), in which spacers are connected to the opposite ends of the conveyors (3, 3 ') of filler augers ( 4, 4 ') leading to a common outlet neck (5) with a flange that is connected to the flange of the inlet neck (6) of the gasification body (7) positioned above.

5.

A device according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it includes three gasification bodies (7, 7 ', 7 ") positioned in horizontal rows one above the other, wherein in each body (7, 7 ', 7 ") of gasification, are arranged, in parallel in a horizontal plane, four gasification augers (9) separated by longitudinal partitions (13).

6.

A device according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the gasification bodies (7, 7 ', 7 ") are separated from each other horizontally by vertical support partitions (23), in which the heaters (14) electrical are removably positioned in the spaces between adjacent bodies (7, 7 ', 7 ") and between adjacent support partitions (23) in the upper base (10) of each body (7, 7' , 7 ") of gasification, and are limited by the side partitions (35).

7.

A device according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the electric heater (14) comprises a set of heating elements (24) in the form of tubes, whose axes run perpendicular to the axes of the augers (9 ) of gasification.

8.

A device according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is housed in a cabinet (25) with service openings (26) to replace the heating elements.

9.

A device according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the filling chamber (2) is equipped with two necks (15) oppositely arranged for the supply of exhaust gas (16), in which the necks (15) are interconnected by distribution pipes (19), and a neck (18) to release exhaust gases (16) from the filling chamber (2), is positioned above the necks (15).

10.

A device according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the front wall of the gasification body (7, 7 ', 7 ") is equipped with a common connecting flange (27) for connecting a guide to the shafts (28) of the gasification augers (9).

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