ES2640929B1 - THERMAL ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

A thermal power generation system comprising: (a) a fuel supply system (1); (b) a combustion chamber (2) with double layer of refractory material comprising a mobile grill (21) inclined towards the exit and configured to advance the combustible material along the entire combustion chamber (2) and which it comprises a plurality of movable and fixed blades (22) uniformly distributed in rows along the entire surface of the combustion chamber (2), being arranged alternately with respect to each other and configured to perform a movement by rows alternate and complete; (c) a cyclone (3); (d) a dilution box (4); and (e) a gas outlet duct (5).

Description

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b. Curtains of air, water and / or steam, which prevent the heating of the biomass used as fuel before use.

b) A combustion chamber with a double layer of refractory material comprising:

to. A mobile grill inclined towards the exit and configured to advance the combustible material along the entire combustion chamber and extract the stones and slags that are formed by solidification of the silica and other residues contained in the fuel; where said mobile grill also includes:

i. A self-supporting structure;

ii. A plurality of movable and fixed blades distributed uniformly in rows along the entire surface of the combustion chamber, being arranged alternately with respect to each other and configured to perform a movement through alternate and complete rows; Y

iii. Where the plurality of fixed blades is mounted on the self-supporting structure itself, while the mobile blades are mounted on metal carriages driven by push bars arranged on the sides of the combustion chamber.

b. A first water-cooled auger at the end of the thermally insulated mobile grill and configured for the collection of ashes from combustion.

C. A combustion fan

d. A vault cooling fan.

and. First burners arranged on the sides of the combustion chamber, together with fuel injectors, and which are configured for initial ignition control and maintenance of the fuel flame.

F. Second burners disposed in the gas outlet duct of the combustion chamber that form a post-combustion chamber to remove unburned fuels before the combustion chamber exits.

c) A cyclone comprising:

to. An ash extractor by means of a second refrigerated auger; Y

b. A gas washing chamber, by means of the action of air-water atomizers under pressure.

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d) A dilution box, which incorporates a motorized shutter valve and an air supply fan and regulates the mixture of gases and air, before entering the dryer.

e) A gas outlet duct.

Throughout the description and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The following examples and drawings are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to restrict the present invention. In addition, the present invention covers all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein.

Brief description of the figures

Next, a series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention that is presented as a non-limiting example thereof is described very briefly.

FIG. 1 Shows an elevation view of the set of the system object of the invention.

FIG. 2 Shows a detailed view of the fuel supply system.

FIG. 3 Shows a detailed view of the combustion chamber.

Statement of a detailed embodiment of the invention

The attached figures show a system adapted to pruning olive trees as the main fuel, taking advantage of the waste from the oil production process, where the bone will also be used in the burners that make up the system. However, the system object of the invention is applicable to other wastes from other production processes without altering the essence or structure of the present invention.

The fuel feed system (1) uses olive pruning waste as the main fuel. The fuel is introduced by means of a system of synchronized hydraulic pushers (11), which have built-in protective screens (12) of hydraulic actuation (13) and air-water curtains, to avoid

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biomass heating before entering the combustion chamber (2).

The great advantage that this mechanism presents against an endless supply, such as those used in the systems described in the state of the art, is its regulation. The frequency inverter to modulate to a minimum in an endless system is limited, while with a hydraulic piston system it is possible to work at lower speeds, which means that a greater range of minimum power is available. Another of the advantages that are intended to be achieved with this system is that of being able to use a higher variety of fuels and with the same combustion advantages, in this way the functionality of the dryers will be guaranteed.

The combustion chamber (2) is designed to achieve greater thermal efficiency, it is based on the use of a mobile grill (21) that has the peculiarity of moving the fuel and the ashes until the end of the grill (21) given its inclination towards the exit and its structure composed of movable (22) and fixed blades (23) distributed uniformly in rows along the entire surface of the combustion chamber (2), being arranged alternately with respect to each other and configured to perform a movement through alternate and complete rows; and where the plurality of fixed blades (23) are mounted on a self-supporting structure (24), while the mobile blades (22) are mounted on metal carriages (25) driven by push bars (26) arranged in the combustion chamber sides (2).

This structure has a double advantage: first, remove the fuel so that it emulsifies better with the oxidizer than in the fixed grill and secondly that the ash cleaning is continuous, so that the air outlet through the grill does not It is interrupted, maintaining the flame evenly and, therefore, its performance.

To favor the formation of the flame, two burners (27) of automatic operation will be installed on the sides of the combustion chamber (2), burning bone and fuel, which will allow both the start of the flame in the ignition of the chamber , such as maintaining good combustion throughout the entire process. The higher the degree of combustion, the greater the performance of the combustion chamber and therefore the fuel economy.

The chamber (2) will have a double vault in the second half of its length, which

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it favors combustion by staying longer in a high temperature zone. At the end of its route, the upper part of the double vault and before the exit of gases from the chamber, other automatic burners (28) will be installed, which will act as post-combustors. In this way they will finish burning all the fuel provided by increasing the thermal efficiency of the unit.

The ashes generated in the mobile grill (21), are removed at the end of this grill, by means of a first auger cooled to the outside of the chamber (2) where they are collected and stored for later sale to authorized managers.

With this installation, it is intended to lower and control combustion emissions, for this a series of measures have been taken such as:

- Achieve a greater emulsion between the fuel and the oxidizer.

- Keep the gases in the chamber at a higher temperature for a longer time.

- Have a post-combustion zone, where the gases already burned, pass through an area where they remain for three seconds at a temperature not lower than 800 ° C.

The structure of the combustion chamber (2) is formed by a double layer of refractory and will have an externally circulating air chamber, between the body of the chamber and a layer isolated from the outside; where this air will be used to introduce it inside the chamber as combustion air, which will save fuel consumption.

The chamber (2) comprises a vault cooling fan. As the temperature due to flame formation is very high, this causes the refractory in the vault of that area to suffer the effects of this temperature and sometimes it may suffer softening of the inner layers of the refractory lining. In order to protect this part of the refractory, it is planned to install a medium pressure centrifugal fan and that through a collector and holes made next to the vault of the chamber and radially, it will blow cold air, cooling this area and protecting it from the effect of heat. This air, as explained above, will be added to the total combustion air.

The chamber (2) also has a combustion fan. As already explained

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previously, the chamber has a double jacket, among which, and by means of blowing a high-pressure centrifugal fan, it is circulated by cooling the inner refractory jacket, whereby this air is heated and introduced by means of blowers in the combustion zone of the chamber to help a perfect combustion of the fuel, thus recovering the losses originated in the zone of higher temperature.

Once the combustion process is finished, the gases first pass through a cyclone (3), where larger fly ash is decanted, extracting them from the bottom and storing them together with those extracted in the chamber. Cyclones are constructions that are sandwiched between the combustion chambers (2) and a drying trommel. When passing through the cyclone decanter, where on the one hand taking advantage of the tangential speed and on the other the loss of speed of 4 to 1.26 m / s of the gases, it is intended to collect the volatile ash before moving to the purification part the gases. In the lower part there is a collection of ashes through a second refrigerated auger that transports it outside to the desired area. This unit is preferably metallic and has a cylindrical shape with a refractory lining to withstand temperatures in addition to thermally isolating the cyclone (3) from the outside temperature.

Subsequently, the combustion gases are subjected to a gas washing chamber (7) by means of pressurized air-water atomizers decanting the rest of the ashes that have not been eliminated in the cyclone (3).

Gases are washed with pressurized water at 4-6 bar, using two lines of easily interchangeable atomizers in operation. The collection of the decantations is carried out by the lower part through the aforementioned auger and they are stored for sale to managers of these products.

Before introducing the hot drying gases into the drying trommel (6) a dilution chamber (4) has been incorporated that incorporates a large volume and low pressure fan, and a person valve; which introduces cold air with two purposes, first adjust the temperature of the drying gases and second eliminate accumulation of unburned gases and thus eliminate risks of sudden combustion.

To facilitate the entry of cold dilution air, necessary for the adjustment in volume and temperature of the drying gases of the pomace in the trommel, a fan of

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low pressure. This fan is of the helical type with transmission engine so that it is protected against possible gas recoil. This air enters the dilution chamber (4) by mixing with the combustion gases to achieve the adjusted temperature of the gases, regulating the volume according to needs, by means of a speed variator and a butterfly valve moved by means of a actuator, so that at the same time that the volume of cold dilution air is regulated and the temperature of the drying gases is adjusted, we eliminate possible gas pockets, which could be stored and cause sudden undesirable combustion.

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1 - A thermal power generation system comprising:

a combustion chamber (2) with double layer of refractory material comprising:

(a) a mobile grill (21) inclined towards the exit and configured to advance the combustible material along the entire combustion chamber (2), where said mobile grill (21) comprises:

(a.1) a plurality of mobile (22) and fixed blades (23) evenly distributed in rows along the entire surface of the combustion chamber (2), being alternately arranged relative to each other and configured to perform a movement through alternate and complete rows; Y

(b) a first auger cooled at the end of the mobile grill (21) thermally insulated therefrom and configured for the collection of the ashes from combustion;

and that is characterized because it also includes:

a) a fuel supply system (1) which in turn comprises:

to. a plurality of synchronized hydraulic pushers (11) that have mobile protective screens (12) incorporated by means of a hydraulic drive (13); Y

b. air, water and / or steam curtains;

b) a cyclone (3) comprising a second cooled ash extractor auger;

c) a combustion gas washing chamber (7) comprising a double wash curtain with air-water atomizers;

d) a dilution box (4) incorporating an air discharge fan; and a motorized shutter valve; Y

e) a gas outlet duct (5).

2- The system according to claim 1 wherein the structure of the combustion chamber (2) is formed by a double layer of refractory and will have an externally circulated air chamber, between the body of the chamber and an insulated layer of the Exterior; where this air will be used to introduce it inside the chamber as combustion air.

Claims (1)

ES 2 640 929 A2 3- The system according to any of claims 1-2 wherein the plurality of fixed blades (23) are mounted on a self-supporting structure (24), while the mobile blades (22) are mounted on metal carriages ( 25) actuated by push bars 5 (26) arranged on the sides of the combustion chamber (2). 4 - The system according to any of claims 1-2 wherein the combustion chamber (2) a combustion fan; a vault cooling fan; first burners (27) arranged on the sides of the combustion chamber, together with 10 fuel injectors, and which are configured for initial ignition control and maintenance of the fuel flame; and a few second burners (28) disposed in the flue gas duct of the combustion chamber that form a post-combustion chamber to remove unburned fuels before the combustion chamber exits. fifteen image 1 3V 636 0179 3 sa