ES2534049T3 - Identificación de efector de extremo por características mecánicas - Google Patents
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Abstract
Un instrumento quirúrgico, que comprende: una parte de empuñadura (112); una parte de cuerpo (140) que se extiende distalmente desde la parte de empuñadura y que define un primer eje longitudinal, teniendo la parte de cuerpo un extremo distal adaptado para aplicarse de forma liberable a una pluralidad de tipos de unidad de carga; y un tubo sensor (360) posicionado de forma móvil dentro de la parte de cuerpo, estando el tubo sensor adaptado para aplicarse a cada una de la pluralidad de tipos de unidad de carga y para moverse en una distancia predeterminada en respuesta a ello; caracterizado por un sensor (370) de unidad de carga variable adaptado para determinar un tipo de una unidad de carga aplicada con la parte de cuerpo basándose en la distancia predeterminada en la que el tubo sensor ha sido desplazado.
Description
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DESCRIPCIÓN
Identificación de efector de extremo por características mecánicas
Antecedentes
Campo Técnico
La presente descripción se refiere a un instrumento quirúrgico adaptado para ser acoplado a unidades de carga que se pueden retirar que tienen distintos efectores de extremo. Más particularmente, la presente descripción se refiere a un instrumento quirúrgico que incluye un mecanismo para identificar el tipo de un efector de extremo montado en la unidad de carga.
Antecedentes de la Técnica Relacionada
Los instrumentos quirúrgicos que incluyen un conjunto de herramientas o útiles montado en un extremo distal de una parte de cuerpo del instrumento quirúrgico para articulación son bien conocidos. Típicamente, tales instrumentos quirúrgicos incluyen mecanismos de control de articulación que permiten que un operador articule a distancia el conjunto de herramientas en relación a la parte de cuerpo de un instrumento quirúrgico para permitir que el operador acceda, accione y/o manipule el tejido más fácilmente.
Tal conjunto de herramienta articulada ha resultado deseable, especialmente en los procedimientos quirúrgicos endoscópicos. En un procedimiento quirúrgico endoscópico, el extremo distal de un instrumento quirúrgico es insertado a través de una pequeña incisión en el cuerpo para acceder a una zona o sitio quirúrgico. Típicamente, una cánula del tamaño apropiado, por ejemplo, de 5 mm, 10 mm, etc., es insertada a través de la incisión del cuerpo para proporcionar un canal de guía para acceder a la zona quirúrgica.
Los dispositivos actuales conocidos pueden requerir típicamente de 4,54 kg a 27,22 kg (10-60 libras) de fuerza manual para sujetar el tejido y desplegar y formar sujetadores quirúrgicos en el tejido que, a lo largo de un uso repetido, pueden hacer que la mano del cirujano resulte fatigada. Las grapadoras neumáticas accionadas por gas que implantan sujetadores quirúrgicos son conocidas en la técnica. Algunos de estos instrumentos utilizan un suministro de gas a presión que se conecta a un mecanismo disparador. El mecanismo disparador, cuando es apretado, simplemente libera gas a presión para implantar un sujetador en el tejido.
Las grapadoras quirúrgicas propulsadas a motor también son conocidas en la técnica. Estas incluyen grapadoras quirúrgicas accionadas que tienen motores que activan los mecanismos de disparos de grapas. Sin embargo, estos dispositivos propulsados a motor sólo proporcionan medios al usuario para un control limitado del proceso de grapado. El usuario sólo puede alternar un único interruptor y/o botón para accionar el motor y aplica la torsión correspondiente a los mecanismos de disparo de la grapadora. En algunos otros dispositivos, se ha utilizado un controlador para controlar la grapadora.
Hay una necesidad continua de grapadoras quirúrgicas propulsadas nuevas y perfeccionadas que incluyen distintos sensores. Los sensores proporcionan realimentación relevante a los controladores de realimentación que ajustan automáticamente distintos parámetros de la grapadora propulsada en respuesta a señales de realimentación detectadas representativas del funcionamiento de la grapadora, incluyendo la articulación y el accionamiento de los conjuntos de herramientas.
El documento US 6.241.139 describe un instrumento quirúrgico de acuerdo con el preámbulo de la reivindicación 1.
Resumen
De acuerdo con un aspecto de la presente descripción, se ha descrito un instrumento quirúrgico. El instrumento incluye una parte de empuñadura, una parte de cuerpo que se extiende distalmente desde la parte de empuñadura y que define un primer eje longitudinal y una unidad de carga. La unidad de carga incluye un conjunto de herramientas, estando la carga adaptada para ser acoplada a la parte de cuerpo. El instrumento también incluye un tubo sensor posicionado de manera móvil dentro de la parte de cuerpo, estando el tubo sensor adaptado para aplicarse a la unidad de carga y un interruptor de carga acoplado a un microcontrolador. El interruptor de carga está adaptado para ser accionado por el tubo sensor cuando el tubo sensor se aplica con la unidad de carga que es insertada en la parte de cuerpo.
De acuerdo con otro aspecto de la presente descripción, se ha descrito un instrumento quirúrgico. El instrumento incluye una parte de empuñadura y una parte de cuerpo que se extiende distalmente desde la parte de empuñadura y que define un primer eje longitudinal. La parte de cuerpo incluye un extremo distal adaptado para aplicarse de manera que se puede liberar tanto a tipos de unidad de carga articulada como no articulada. El instrumento también incluye un mecanismo de articulación configurado para articular un conjunto de herramienta articulado acoplado a una unidad de carga articulada y un tubo sensor posicionado de modo móvil dentro de la parte de cuerpo. El tubo sensor está adaptado para aplicarse a la unidad de carga articulada. El instrumento incluye además un interruptor de carga acoplado a un microcontrolador y adaptado para ser accionado por el tubo sensor cuando el tubo sensor está aplicado por la unidad de carga articulada, en el que al accionamiento de las señales del interruptor de carga el microprocesador activa el mecanismo de
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articulación.
De acuerdo con otra realización de la presente descripción se ha descrito un instrumento quirúrgico. El instrumento incluye una parte de empuñadura y una parte de cuerpo que se extiende distalmente desde la parte de empuñadura y que define un primer eje longitudinal. La parte de cuerpo incluye un extremo distal adaptado para aplicarse de manera que se puede liberar a una pluralidad de tipos de unidad de carga. El instrumento también incluye un tubo sensor posicionado de forma móvil dentro de la parte de cuerpo, estando el tubo sensor adaptado para aplicarse a cada uno de la pluralidad de tipos de unidad de carga y para moverse en una distancia predeterminada en respuesta a ello; y un sensor de unidad de carga variable adaptado para determinar un tipo de una unidad de carga aplicada con la parte de cuerpo basándose en la distancia predeterminada que ha sido desplazado el tubo sensor.
Breve descripción de los dibujos
Se han descrito aquí distintos aspectos del instrumento objeto con referencia a los dibujos en los que:
La fig. 1 es una vista en perspectiva de un instrumento quirúrgico propulsado de acuerdo con un aspecto de la presente descripción;
La fig. 2 es una vista en perspectiva parcial agrandada del instrumento quirúrgico propulsado de la fig. 1 de acuerdo con un aspecto de la presente descripción;
La fig. 3 es una vista en planta parcial agrandada del instrumento quirúrgico propulsado de la fig. 1 de acuerdo con un aspecto de la presente descripción;
La fig. 4 es una vista en sección parcial de componentes internos del instrumento quirúrgico propulsado de la fig. 1 de acuerdo con un aspecto de la presente descripción;
La fig. 5 es una vista en perspectiva de una unidad de carga de acuerdo con un aspecto de la presente descripción;
La fig. 6 es una vista en sección parcial de componentes internos de la unidad de carga y del instrumento quirúrgico propulsado de la fig. 1 de acuerdo con un aspecto de la presente descripción;
La fig. 7 es una vista en sección parcial de componentes internos de la unidad de carga y del instrumento quirúrgico propulsado de la fig. 1 de acuerdo con un aspecto de la presente descripción; y
La fig. 8 es una vista en sección en perspectiva parcial del sensor de la unidad de carga variable de acuerdo con la realización de la presente descripción.
Descripción detallada
Se han descrito a continuación de forma detallada aspectos del instrumento quirúrgico propulsado o motorizado descrito actualmente con referencia a los dibujos, en los que números de referencia similares designan elementos idénticos o correspondientes en cada una de las distintas vistas. Como se ha utilizado aquí el término “distal” se refiere a la parte del instrumento quirúrgico propulsado, o componente del mismo, más lejos del usuario mientras que el término “proximal” se refiere a esa parte del instrumento quirúrgico propulsado o componente del mismo, más cerca del usuario.
Un instrumento quirúrgico propulsado, por ejemplo, una grapadora quirúrgica, de acuerdo con la presente descripción está indicada en las figuras como número de referencia 10. Refiriéndose inicialmente a la fig. 1, el instrumento quirúrgico propulsado 10 incluye un alojamiento 110, una parte endoscópica 140 que define un primer eje longitudinal A-A que se extiende a su través, y un conjunto de herramienta articulada (por ejemplo, efector de extremo 160), que define un segundo eje longitudinal B-B que se extiende a su través. La parte endoscópica 140 se extiende distalmente desde el alojamiento 110 y el efector de extremo 160 está dispuesto junto a una parte distal de la parte endoscópica 140. En un aspecto, los componentes del alojamiento 110 están cerrados herméticamente contra la infiltración de partículas y/o contaminación de fluidos y ayuda a impedir el daño de los componentes por procesos de esterilización.
De acuerdo con un aspecto de la presente descripción, un efector de extremo 160 incluye un primer miembro de mordaza que tiene uno o más sujetadores quirúrgicos (por ejemplo, conjunto de cartucho 164) y un segundo miembro de mordaza opuesto que incluye una parte de yunque para desplegar y formar los sujetadores quirúrgicos (por ejemplo, un conjunto de yunque 162). En ciertos aspectos, las grapas están alojadas en el conjunto de cartucho 164 para aplicar filas lineales de grapas al tejido corporal bien de forma simultánea o bien de manera secuencial. Cualquiera o ambos del conjunto de yunque 162 y del conjunto de cartucho 164 son móviles uno con relación al otro entre una posición abierta, en la que el conjunto de yunque 162 está espaciado del conjunto de cartucho 164, y una posición aproximada o fijada, en la que el conjunto de yunque 162 está en alineación yuxtapuesta con el conjunto de cartucho 164.
Se ha considerado además que el efector de extremo 160 está unido a una parte de montaje 166, que está unida pivotablemente a una parte de cuerpo 168. La parte de cuerpo 168 puede ser de una pieza con la parte endoscópica 140 del instrumento quirúrgico propulsado 10, o puede estar unida de manera que se pueda retirar al instrumento 10 para proporcionar una unidad de carga reemplazable, desechable (DLU) o una unidad de carga de un solo uso (SULU) (por ejemplo, unidad de carga 169). En ciertos aspectos, la parte reutilizable puede estar configurada para esterilización y
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reutilización en un procedimiento quirúrgico posterior.
La unidad de carga 169 puede ser conectada a una parte endoscópica 140 a través de una conexión de bayoneta. Se ha considerado que la unidad de carga 169 tiene un enlace de articulación conectado a la parte de montaje 166 de la unidad de carga 169 y el enlace de articulación está conectado a una varilla de enlace de manera que el efector de extremo 160 es articulado cuando la varilla de enlace es trasladada en la dirección distal-proximal a lo largo del primer eje longitudinal A-A como se ha tratado de forma más detallada a continuación. Pueden utilizarse otros medios de conexión del efector de extremo 160 a la parte endoscópica 140 para permitir que la articulación pueda ser utilizada, tales como un tubo flexible o un tubo que comprende una pluralidad de miembros pivotables.
La unidad de carga 169 puede incorporar o estar configurada para incorporar distintos efectores de extremo, tales como dispositivos de cierre hermético de vasos, dispositivos de grapado lineal, dispositivos de grapado circular, cortadores, pinzas, etc. Tales efectores de extremo pueden ser acoplados a la parte endoscópica 140 del instrumento quirúrgico propulsado 10. Un árbol flexible intermedio puede ser incluido entre la parte de empuñadura 112 y la unidad de carga. Se ha considerado que la incorporación de un árbol flexible puede facilitar el acceso a y/o dentro de ciertas áreas del cuerpo.
Con referencia a las figs. 1 y 2, se ha ilustrado una vista agrandada del alojamiento 110 de acuerdo con un aspecto de la presente descripción. En el aspecto ilustrado, el alojamiento 110 incluye una parte de empuñadura 112 que tiene un interruptor de accionamiento principal 114 previsto en ella. El interruptor 114 puede incluir un primer y segundo interruptores 114a y 114b formados juntos como un interruptor basculante. La parte de empuñadura 112, que define un eje de empuñadura H-H, está configurada para ser sujetada por los dedos de un usuario. La parte de empuñadura 112 tiene una forma ergonómica que proporciona una amplia posibilidad de agarre de la palma de la mano que ayuda a impedir que la parte de empuñadura 112 se escape de la mano del usuario durante la operación. Cada interruptor 114a y 114b está mostrado como dispuesto en una ubicación adecuada en la parte de empuñadura 112 para facilitar su aprieto por el dedo o dedos de un usuario.
Adicionalmente, y con referencia a las figs. 1 y 2, los interruptores 114a, 114b pueden ser utilizados para iniciar y/o detener el movimiento del motor de accionamiento 200 (fig. 4). En un aspecto, el interruptor 114a está configurado para activar el motor de accionamiento 200 en una primera dirección para hacer avanzar la varilla de disparo (no mostrada explícitamente) en una dirección distal aproximando por ello los conjuntos de yunque y de cartucho 162 y 164. Por el contrario, el interruptor 114b puede estar configurado para retraer la varilla de disparo para abrir los conjuntos de yunque y de cartucho 162 y 164 activando el motor de accionamiento 200 en una dirección inversa. El modo de retirada inicia un bloqueo mecánico, que impide la progresión adicional de grapado y de corte por la unidad de carga 169. La palanca basculante tiene una primera posición para activar el interruptor 114a, una segunda posición para activar el interruptor 114b, y una posición neutral entre la primera y segunda posiciones.
El alojamiento 110, en particular la parte de empuñadura 112, incluye protecciones o escudos de interruptor 117a y 117b. Las protecciones de interruptor 117a y 117b pueden tener una forma a modo de nervio que rodea la parte inferior del interruptor 114a y la parte superior del interruptor 114b, respectivamente. Las protecciones de interruptor 117a y 117b impiden la activación accidental del interruptor 114. Además, los interruptores 114a y 114b tienen una realimentación táctil elevada que requiere una presión incrementada para su activación.
En un aspecto, los interruptores 114a y 114b están configurados como interruptores de velocidad variable o gradual, de múltiples velocidades (por ejemplo, dos o más) que controlan la velocidad del motor de accionamiento 200 y la varilla de disparo de una manera no lineal. Por ejemplo, los interruptores 114a, 114b pueden ser sensibles a la presión. Este tipo de interfaz de control permite un aumento gradual en la tasa de velocidad de los componentes de accionamiento desde un modo más lento y más preciso a una operación más rápida. Para impedir la activación accidental de la retirada, el interruptor 114b puede ser desconectado electrónicamente hasta que se aprieta un interruptor 114c a prueba de fallos.
Los interruptores 114a y 114b están acoplados a un circuito de control de velocidad no lineal que puede ser implementado como un circuito de regulación de tensión, un circuito de resistencia variable o un circuito de modulación de ancho de pulso microelectrónico. Los interruptores 114a y 114b pueden interactuar con el circuito de control desplazando o accionando dispositivos de control variable, tales como dispositivos reostáticos, circuito de interruptor de múltiples posiciones, transductores de desplazamiento variable lineal y/o giratorio, potenciómetros lineales y/o giratorios, codificadores ópticos, sensores ferromagnéticos, y sensores de efecto Hall. Esto permite que los interruptores 114a y 114b hagan funcionar el motor de accionamiento 200 en modos de múltiples velocidades, tal como aumentando gradualmente la velocidad del motor de accionamiento 200 bien de forma incremental o bien gradualmente dependiendo del tipo del circuito de control que se esté utilizando, basándose en el aprieto de los interruptores 114a y 114b.
Las figs. 2 -4 ilustran un mecanismo de articulación 170, que incluye un alojamiento de articulación 172, un interruptor de articulación propulsado 174, un motor de articulación 132 y una maneta o botón de articulación manual 176. La traslación del interruptor de articulación propulsado 174 activa el motor de articulación 132 que a continuación acciona un engranaje de articulación 233 del mecanismo de articulación 170 como se ha mostrado en la fig. 4. El pivotamiento de la maneta de articulación manual 176 puentea el motor de articulación 132 para accionar el mecanismo de articulación 170. La maneta de articulación manual 176 también proporciona una indicación de la inclinación del efector de extremo 160 con respecto a un eje longitudinal A-A. El accionamiento del mecanismo de articulación 170 hace que el efector de extremo 160 se mueva desde su primera posición, en la que el eje longitudinal B-B está sustancialmente alineado con el
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eje longitudinal A-A, hacia una posición en la que el eje longitudinal B-B está dispuesto en un ángulo con respecto al eje longitudinal A-A. El interruptor de articulación propulsado 174 también puede incorporar controles de velocidad no lineales similares al mecanismo de sujeción. Estos pueden ser controlados por los interruptores 114a y 114b.
Con referencia a las figs. 2 y 3, el alojamiento 110 incluye protecciones 169 de interruptor que tienen una forma de ala y que se extienden desde la superficie superior del alojamiento 110 sobre el interruptor 174. Las protecciones 169 de interruptor impiden activación accidental del interruptor 174 y requieren que el usuario alcance por debajo de la protección 169 con el fin de activar el mecanismo de articulación 170.
Adicionalmente, el alojamiento de articulación 172 y la maneta de articulación manual 176 están montados en un conjunto 180 de alojamiento giratorio. La rotación de una maneta de rotación 182 alrededor del primer eje longitudinal A-A hace que el conjunto de alojamiento 180 así como el alojamiento de articulación 172 y la maneta de articulación manual 176 giren alrededor del primer eje longitudinal A-A, y provoca así la rotación correspondientes de la parte distal 224 de la varilla de disparo 220 y del efector de extremo 160 alrededor del primer eje longitudinal A-A. El mecanismo de articulación 170 está acoplado electro-mecánicamente a uno o más anillos conductores que están dispuestos en un conjunto de nariz de alojamiento 155 (fig. 4). Los anillos conductores pueden ser soldados y/o recalcados sobre el conjunto de nariz 155 y están en contacto eléctrico con una fuente de alimentación 300 proporcionando por ello energía eléctrica al mecanismo de articulación 170. El conjunto de nariz 155 puede ser modular y puede estar unido al alojamiento 110 durante el montaje para permitir una soldadura y/o recalcado más fácil de los anillos. El mecanismo de articulación 170 puede incluir uno o más cepillos y/o contactos cargados elásticamente en contacto con los anillos conductores de tal manera que cuando el conjunto de alojamiento 180 es hecho girar junto con el alojamiento de articulación 172, el mecanismo de articulación 170 está en contacto continuo con los anillos conductores recibiendo por ello energía eléctrica desde la fuente de alimentación 300.
Otros detalles del alojamiento de articulación 172, del interruptor de articulación propulsado 174, de la maneta de articulación manual 176 y la previsión de articulación a un efector de extremo 160 están descritos en detalle en la Publicación de Patente Norteamericana de cesionaria común con número US 2008/223903, presentada el 15 de Marzo de 2007. Se ha considerado que cualquier combinación de interruptores límite, sensores de proximidad (por ejemplo, óptico y/o ferromagnético), transductores lineales de desplazamiento variable y codificadores de árbol que pueden estar dispuestos dentro del alojamiento 110, pueden ser utilizados para controlar y/o registrar o grabar un ángulo de articulación del efector de extremo 160 y/o posición de la varilla de disparo 220.
Como se ha mostrado en la fig. 4, el instrumento 10 también incluye un microcontrolador 400 acoplado eléctricamente al motor 200 y distintos sensores previstos en el instrumento 10. Los sensores detectan distintos parámetros de funcionamiento del instrumento 10 (por ejemplo, velocidad lineal, velocidad de rotación, posición de articulación, temperatura, carga de la batería, y similares), que son a continuación informados al microcontrolador 400. El microcontrolador 400 puede a continuación responder consecuentemente a los parámetros de funcionamiento medidos (por ejemplo, ajustar la velocidad del motor 200, controlar el ángulo de articulación, desconectar la fuente de alimentación, informar de las condiciones de error, etc.).
Con referencia aún a la fig. 4, un interruptor de carga 230 está dispuesto dentro del alojamiento de articulación 172. El interruptor 230 está conectado en serie con el interruptor 114, impidiendo la activación del instrumento 10 a menos que la unidad de carga 169 esté cargada de manera apropiada en el instrumento 10. Si la unidad de carga 169 no está cargada en el instrumento 10, el interruptor principal (por ejemplo, el interruptor 114) es abierto, impidiendo por ello la utilización de cualquiera de los componentes electrónico o eléctrico del instrumento 10. Esto también impide cualquier extracción de corriente posible de la fuente de alimentación 300 permitiendo que la fuente de alimentación 300 mantenga un potencial máximo sobre su propia vida especificada.
Así, el interruptor 230 actúa como un interruptor llamado de “bloqueo” que impide la falsa activación del instrumento 10 ya que el interruptor 230 es inaccesible a la manipulación externa y sólo puede ser activado por la inserción de la unidad de carga 169. El interruptor 230 es activado por desplazamiento de un émbolo buzo o tubo sensor 360 cuando la unidad de carga 169 es insertada en la parte endoscópica 140. Una vez que el interruptor 230 es activado, la energía procedente de la fuente de alimentación 300 es suministrada a los componentes electrónicos (por ejemplo, sensores, microcontrolador 400, etc.) del instrumento 10 proporcionando al usuario el acceso a una interfaz de usuario y a otras entradas/salidas.
Como se ha mostrado en las figs. 5 -7, la parte endoscópica 140 incluye el tubo sensor 360 (fig. 6) dispuesto en ella alrededor de la varilla de disparo 220. La varilla de disparo 220 pasa a través de una abertura 368 en un extremo distal de un capuchón 364 del sensor (fig. 7). El capuchón 364 del sensor incluye un resorte 365 y hace tope con el interruptor
230. El capuchón 364 del sensor es cargado contra el tubo sensor 360, que está en contacto con el extremo distal del capuchón 364 del sensor.
Como se ha mostrado en las figs. 5 y 6, cuando la unidad de carga 169 es cargada a la parte endoscópica 140, la parte proximal 171 hace tope contra el tubo sensor 360, que desplaza el tubo sensor 360 en una dirección proximal. Con referencia a la fig. 7, el tubo sensor 360 empuja entonces sobre el capuchón 364 del sensor en la dirección proximal, que comprime entonces el resorte 365 y activa el interruptor 230 indicando que la unidad de carga 169 ha sido insertada de manera apropiada.
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Una vez que la unidad de carga 169 es insertada en la parte endoscópica, el interruptor 230 también determina si la unidad de carga 169 está cargada correctamente basándose en la posición de la misma. Si la unidad de carga 169 se carga de manera inapropiada, el interruptor 114 no es activado y se transmite al usuario un código de error.
En otro aspecto, el interruptor 230 puede estar adaptado para detectar el tipo de una unidad de carga desechable 169 (por ejemplo, articulada frente a no articulada) aplicada con la parte endoscópica 140. Cuando se utiliza una unidad de carga no articulada, el tubo sensor 360 no se aplica y el capuchón 364 del sensor no activa el interruptor 230. El interruptor 230 puede aún permitir la operación del instrumento 10, pero impide la operación del mecanismo de articulación 170. Cuando se utiliza una unidad de carga articulada 169, el tubo sensor 360 es aplicado y el capuchón 364 del sensor activa el interruptor 230. El interruptor 230 permite la operación del instrumento 10 que incluye el mecanismo de articulación 170. Las unidades de carga articuladas y no articuladas pueden ser distinguidas por una protuberancia 173 (fig. 5) o una punta de inserción extendida (no mostrada explícitamente) que cuando está presente, está configurada para aplicarse al tubo sensor 360. En otras palabras, las unidades de carga no articuladas no tienen una protuberancia 173 para aplicarse al tubo sensor 360 y así no activan el interruptor 230, mientras que las unidades de carga articuladas 169 incluyen la protuberancia 173 y pueden permitir así la operación del mecanismo de articulación 169. Así, el tubo sensor 360 se puede mover a una primera posición o no es movido en absoluto en respuesta a la aplicación con una unidad de carga no articulada y se puede mover a una segunda posición en respuesta a la aplicación de una unidad de carga articulada 169, en respuesta a lo cual el tubo sensor 360 acciona el interruptor 230. El interruptor 230 está acoplado al microcontrolador 400 y está configurado para transmitir la señal del sensor que refleja que el tubo sensor 360 está siendo aplicando por la unidad de carga articulada 169. El microcontrolador 400 determina entonces que la unidad de carga 169 está articulada y activa el mecanismo de articulación 170. Otro tipo de mecanismo de detección está descrito en la Patente Norteamericana de cesionaria común nº 5.865.361 titulada “Aparato de Grapado Quirúrgico”.
Con referencia a la fig. 6, el instrumento 10 también puede incluir un sensor 370 de la unidad de carga variable. El sensor 370 de la unidad de carga incluye un potenciómetro lineal 290 dispuesto dentro de la parte endoscópica 140. El potenciómetro lineal 290 está acoplado eléctricamente a un contacto 292 dispuesto en el tubo sensor 360. Cuando la unidad de carga 169 es insertada en la parte endoscópica 140, el tubo sensor 360 es movido en la dirección proximal. Como un resultado del movimiento del tubo sensor 360, el contacto 292 desliza a lo largo de la superficie del potenciómetro lineal 290.
En otra realización mostrada en la fig. 8, el sensor 370 de la unidad de carga variable también puede incluir un transductor diferencial variable lineal (LVDT) 291 dispuesto alrededor del tubo sensor 360. El LVDT 291 incluye un transformador 293 que tiene tres bobinas de solenoide dispuestas alrededor del tubo sensor 360, siendo una bobina central 295 el primario, y siendo las bobinas exteriores 296 y 297 los secundarios. Un núcleo ferromagnético cilíndrico 299 puede estar unido al tubo sensor 360. Para medir el desplazamiento del tubo sensor 360, una corriente alterna es alimentada a través de la bobina central 295, haciendo que una tensión sea inducida en cada secundario proporcional. Cuando el tubo sensor 360 se mueve, estas inductancias mutuas cambian debido al desplazamiento en el campo magnético provocado por el núcleo magnético 299 haciendo que las tensiones inducidas en las bobinas exteriores 296 y 297 cambien. Las bobinas 295, 296 y 297 pueden estar conectadas en series inversas, de manera que la tensión de salida es la diferencia entre las dos tensiones de las bobinas exteriores 296 y 297. Cuando el núcleo 299 está en su posición central (por ejemplo, equidistante entre las bobinas exteriores 296 y 297) tensiones iguales pero opuestas son inducidas en las bobinas exteriores 296 y 297, y así la tensión de salida es cero.
El sensor 370 de la unidad de carga variable está acoplado al microcontrolador 400, que está configurado para determinar el tipo de la unidad de carga 169 acoplada al instrumento 10 basándose en la señal procedente del sensor 370 de la unidad de carga variable. Si el tubo sensor 360 no está aplicado, tal como sucede cuando la unidad de carga 169 no está insertada de manera apropiada, entonces el sensor 370 de la unidad de carga variable no es accionado y el microcontrolador 400 no activa el instrumento 10. Se ha considerado que distintos tipos de unidades de carga 169 pueden incluir la protuberancia 173 y/o las puntas de inserción extendidas para aplicarse al tubo sensor 360. Una unidad de carga no articulada puede incluir una protuberancia 173 de un primer tipo, mientras que una unidad de carga articulada 169 puede tener una protuberancia 173 de un segundo tipo que es de dimensiones diferentes que la protuberancia 173 del primer tipo. En otras palabras, la protuberancia 173 de una unidad de carga 169 es o bien más larga o bien más corta que la protuberancia 173 en otro tipo de unidad de carga 169. Como resultado, cuando es insertada, cada tipo de la unidad de carga 169 se aplica al tubo sensor 360 por una distancia predeterminada. Como resultado, el sensor 370 de la unidad de carga variable transmite entonces la señal del sensor correspondiente al desplazamiento del tubo sensor 360 al microprocesador 400, que determina entonces el tipo de la unidad de carga 169 basándose en ello. El microcontrolador 400 puede activar entonces el mecanismo de articulación 170 cuando la unidad de carga 169 es de tipo articulado.
El microcontrolador 400 puede a continuación ajustar los parámetros operativos del instrumento 10 para que correspondan con la unidad de carga insertada 169 basándose en el desplazamiento del tubo sensor 360. Los parámetros ajustables pueden incluir la longitud de la carrera de disparo, la velocidad de disparo, el grado de articulación y similares. Como se ha descrito antes, el microcontrolador también puede impedir el accionamiento del instrumento 10 hasta que la unidad de carga 169 esté cargada en el instrumento 10. En otro aspecto, el sensor 370 de la unidad de carga variable puede estar dispuesto junto a cualquiera de las partes móviles del sensor, tales como el tubo sensor 360 y el capuchón 364 del sensor.
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Se comprenderá que pueden hacerse distintas modificaciones a los aspectos mostrados aquí. Por tanto, la descripción anterior no debería interpretarse como limitativa, sino simplemente como ejemplificaciones de aspectos preferidos. Aunque se han mostrado características específicas del instrumento quirúrgico propulsado en algunos de los dibujos y no en otros, esto es solamente por conveniencia ya que cada característica puede ser combinada con cualquier o con todas las demás características de acuerdo con los aspectos de la presente descripción. Otros aspectos se les ocurrirán a los expertos en la técnica y están dentro de las siguientes reivindicaciones.
Claims (7)
- 5101520253035REIVINDICACIONES1. Un instrumento quirúrgico, que comprende:una parte de empuñadura (112);una parte de cuerpo (140) que se extiende distalmente desde la parte de empuñadura y que define un primer eje longitudinal, teniendo la parte de cuerpo un extremo distal adaptado para aplicarse de forma liberable a una pluralidad de tipos de unidad de carga; yun tubo sensor (360) posicionado de forma móvil dentro de la parte de cuerpo, estando el tubo sensor adaptado para aplicarse a cada una de la pluralidad de tipos de unidad de carga y para moverse en una distancia predeterminada en respuesta a ello; caracterizado porun sensor (370) de unidad de carga variable adaptado para determinar un tipo de una unidad de carga aplicada con la parte de cuerpo basándose en la distancia predeterminada en la que el tubo sensor ha sido desplazado.
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- 2.
- Un instrumento quirúrgico según la reivindicación 1, en el que el sensor (370) de la unidad de carga variable incluye un potenciómetro (290) acoplado eléctricamente a un contacto (292) que está acoplado al tubo sensor (360), el potenciómetro está configurado para medir una señal de sensor que refleja la distancia predeterminada y para transmitir la señal de sensor a un microcontrolador (400) configurado para determinar un tipo de una unidad de carga aplicada con la parte de cuerpo basándose en la distancia predeterminada en la que el tubo sensor ha sido desplazado.
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- 3.
- Un instrumento quirúrgico según la reivindicación 1, en el que el sensor de la unidad de carga variable incluye un transductor diferencial variable lineal (291) dispuesto alrededor del tubo sensor (360), el transductor diferencial variable lineal configurado para medir una señal de sensor que refleja la distancia predeterminada y para transmitir la señal del sensor a un microcontrolador (400) configurado para determinar un tipo de unidad de carga aplicada con la parte de cuerpo basándose en la distancia predeterminada en la que el tubo sensor ha sido desplazado.
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- 4.
- Un instrumento quirúrgico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, que comprende además:
un mecanismo de articulación (170) configurado para articular un conjunto de herramienta articulada acoplado a una unidad de carga articulada (169), definiendo el conjunto de herramienta articulada un segundo eje longitudinal y teniendo un extremo proximal, siendo móvil el conjunto de herramienta articulada desde una primera posición en la que el segundo eje longitudinal está sustancialmente alineado con el primer eje longitudinal a al menos una segunda posición en la que el segundo eje longitudinal está dispuesto formando un ángulo con respecto al primer eje longitudinal. -
- 5.
- Un instrumento quirúrgico según la reivindicación 4, que comprende además:
un microcontrolador (400) acoplado al (370) sensor de la unidad de carga variable, en el que el microcontrolador está configurado para ajustar al menos un parámetro operativo del instrumento basándose en el tipo de una unidad de carga aplicada con la parte de cuerpo. -
- 6.
- Un instrumento quirúrgico según la reivindicación 5, en el que al menos un parámetro operativo es seleccionado del grupo que consiste de longitud de la carrera de disparo, velocidad de disparo y grado de articulación.
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- 7.
- Un instrumento quirúrgico según la reivindicación 5, en el que el microcontrolador está además configurado para activar el mecanismo de articulación (170) cuando la unidad de carga es del tipo articulado.
8
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-
2010
- 2010-05-04 US US12/773,176 patent/US8733614B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-06-18 AU AU2010202567A patent/AU2010202567B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-06-30 CA CA2708867A patent/CA2708867C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-07-02 JP JP2010152522A patent/JP2011019904A/ja active Pending
- 2010-07-13 EP EP10251252.2A patent/EP2275042B1/en active Active
- 2010-07-13 ES ES10251252.2T patent/ES2534049T3/es active Active
- 2010-07-13 EP EP15151410.6A patent/EP2901943B1/en active Active
- 2010-07-14 CN CN201010230251.0A patent/CN101953703B/zh active Active
- 2010-07-14 CN CN201410642696.8A patent/CN104473670B/zh active Active
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2014
- 2014-05-20 US US14/282,724 patent/US9010611B2/en active Active
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2015
- 2015-04-17 US US14/689,441 patent/US10271848B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20150223815A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
| CA2708867C (en) | 2018-05-01 |
| US20140252063A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
| CA2708867A1 (en) | 2011-01-14 |
| AU2010202567A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
| JP2011019904A (ja) | 2011-02-03 |
| AU2010202567B2 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
| US10271848B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 |
| CN101953703B (zh) | 2014-11-19 |
| EP2901943B1 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
| US8733614B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 |
| CN101953703A (zh) | 2011-01-26 |
| US9010611B2 (en) | 2015-04-21 |
| EP2275042B1 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
| EP2901943A1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
| EP2275042A3 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
| CN104473670B (zh) | 2017-05-24 |
| CN104473670A (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
| EP2275042A2 (en) | 2011-01-19 |
| US20100211053A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
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