ES2528866B1 - Procedure for obtaining a construction panel, composition of the panel covering and obtained panel - Google Patents
Procedure for obtaining a construction panel, composition of the panel covering and obtained panel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2528866B1 ES2528866B1 ES201431310A ES201431310A ES2528866B1 ES 2528866 B1 ES2528866 B1 ES 2528866B1 ES 201431310 A ES201431310 A ES 201431310A ES 201431310 A ES201431310 A ES 201431310A ES 2528866 B1 ES2528866 B1 ES 2528866B1
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- Prior art keywords
- panel
- core
- coating
- insulating material
- cement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn - After Issue
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008030 superplasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000031872 Body Remains Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
- E04C2/2885—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material with the insulating material being completely surrounded by, or embedded in, a stone-like material, e.g. the insulating material being discontinuous
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
Abstract
Procedimiento de obtención de un panel de construcción, composición del recubrimiento del panel y panel obtenido, de forma que el procedimiento consiste en: corte de un núcleo de material aislante a las medidas apropiadas; inserción en el núcleo de una serie de elementos separadores y centrado; introducción en un molde vertical; cierre del molde; vertido de un recubrimiento; secado natural de la base de cemento que cubre el núcleo aislante, y; desmoldeo, en tanto que la composición se basa en: un 18 a 31% en peso de cemento; un 69 a 82% en peso de carbonato cálcico con una granulometría menor a 1 mm; un 0,0015 a 0,0050 Kg de un aditivo superplastificante reductor de agua por cada 100 Kg de la mezcla, y; 10 a 18 litros de agua por cada 100 Kg de la mezcla, permitiendo obtener un panel, tipo sándwich, de unas dimensiones de, aproximadamente, 300 x 54,5 x 9 cm y un peso que facilita su manipulación por dos personas.Procedure for obtaining a construction panel, composition of the coating of the panel and panel obtained, so that the procedure consists of: cutting a core of insulating material to the appropriate measures; insertion into the core of a series of separating and centering elements; introduction into a vertical mold; mold closure; pouring of a coating; natural drying of the cement base covering the insulating core, and; demoulding, while the composition is based on: 18 to 31% by weight of cement; 69 to 82% by weight of calcium carbonate with a particle size of less than 1 mm; 0.0015 to 0.0050 kg of a water reducing superplasticizer additive per 100 kg of the mixture, and; 10 to 18 liters of water per 100 Kg of the mixture, allowing to obtain a panel, "sandwich type", of dimensions of approximately 300 x 54.5 x 9 cm and a weight that facilitates its handling by two people.
Description
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
Procedimiento de obtención de un panel de construcción, composición del recubrimiento del panel y panel obtenido. Procedure for obtaining a construction panel, composition of the panel covering and obtained panel.
5 5
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La siguiente invención, según se expresa en el enunciado de la presente memoria descriptiva, se refiere a un procedimiento de obtención de un panel de construcción, a la composición del recubrimiento del panel y al panel obtenido, de forma que el objetivo es que mediante dicho 10 procedimiento y composición del recubrimiento de base cemento, se obtengan unos paneles tipo “sándwich” para construcción de utilidad en la ejecución de construcciones prefabricadas y, especialmente, viviendas. The following invention, as expressed in the statement of the present specification, refers to a method of obtaining a construction panel, the composition of the panel covering and the panel obtained, so that the objective is that by said In the process and composition of the cement-based coating, sandwich panels are obtained for construction useful in the execution of prefabricated buildings and, especially, housing.
Así, la invención tiene por objeto la obtención, con unos resultados sorprendentes, de unos 15 paneles prefabricados tipo “sándwich” con un núcleo aislante y un recubrimiento de base cemento, por todas sus caras, que permite que los mismos tengan unas dimensiones de, aproximadamente, 300 x 54,5 x 9 cm con un peso de, aproximadamente, 85 Kg, permitiendo su manipulación por dos personas, a la vez que tienen una alta capacidad de aislamiento acústico y una alta resistencia. 20 Thus, the object of the invention is to obtain, with surprising results, about 15 prefabricated "sandwich" panels with an insulating core and a cement-based coating, on all sides, which allows them to have dimensions of, approximately 300 x 54.5 x 9 cm with a weight of approximately 85 kg, allowing its handling by two people, while having a high sound insulation capacity and high resistance. twenty
CAMPO DE APLICACIÓN. SCOPE.
En la presente memoria se describe un procedimiento de obtención de un panel de construcción, a la composición del recubrimiento de base cemento del panel y al panel 25 obtenido, de forma que los paneles son de aplicación en la realización de obras, tales como viviendas particulares, con una gran rapidez y un ahorro de mano de obra con un perfecto acabado sobre el que se puede pintar directamente, pudiendo, incluso, ser pintados en fabrica. This document describes a procedure for obtaining a construction panel, the composition of the cement-based coating of the panel and the panel 25 obtained, so that the panels are applicable in the construction of works, such as private homes , with great speed and a saving of labor with a perfect finish that can be painted directly, and can even be painted at the factory.
De esta forma, los paneles conformantes de una única vivienda modular, de aproximadamente 30 80 m2, con el resto de componentes, podrán ser introducidos en un contenedor y ser transportados, por cualquier medio, al lugar de destino con un mínimo coste. In this way, the conforming panels of a single modular house, of approximately 30 80 m2, with the rest of the components, can be introduced in a container and transported, by any means, to the destination with a minimum cost.
Además, dado que los paneles obtenidos, a pesar de sus dimensiones de, aproximadamente, 300 x 54,5 x 9 cm, pueden ser manipulados por dos personas, en la ejecución y montaje de la 35 vivienda no se precisa la utilización de maquinaria alguna y dado que tampoco se precisa de personal especializado las mismas podrán ser aplicadas en cualquier lugar sin problema alguno. In addition, given that the panels obtained, despite their dimensions of approximately 300 x 54.5 x 9 cm, can be manipulated by two people, in the execution and assembly of the dwelling the use of any machinery is not required and given that specialized personnel are not required, they can be applied anywhere without any problem.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN. 40 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 40
Como es conocido con el paso del tiempo los materiales utilizados en construcción han evolucionado de forma que cada vez son más los elementos prefabricados utilizados mediante los que se trata de dotarlos de, al menos, un revestimiento que les de una apariencia de acabado y/o un mayor aislamiento, así como poder aumentar las dimensiones de los mismos 45 con objeto de reducir la mano de obra en su ejecución. As is known over time, the materials used in construction have evolved in such a way that more and more prefabricated elements are used, which are intended to provide them with at least one coating that gives them a finishing appearance and / or greater isolation, as well as being able to increase the dimensions thereof 45 in order to reduce the workforce in its execution.
Así, tanto los elementos de cerramiento como los elementos separadores van evolucionado de una forma considerable, de manera que si consideramos los elementos separadores basados en una pieza cerámica a la que se le puede dotar de un revestimiento de aislante y/o de un 50 acabado con un revestimiento de escayola, podemos citar los documentos ES 1.022.208, ES 1.022.209, ES 1.022.468 y ES 2.010.636, con objeto de aumentar su aislamiento acústico y/o dotarles de un acabado final. Thus, both the closing elements and the separating elements are evolved in a considerable way, so that if we consider the separating elements based on a ceramic piece which can be provided with an insulating coating and / or a finish With a plaster coating, we can cite documents ES 1.022.208, ES 1.022.209, ES 1.022.468 and ES 2.010.636, in order to increase their sound insulation and / or provide them with a final finish.
Asimismo, en otros documentos se describen elementos de construcciones basadas en una pieza cerámica a la que se le puede dotar por una de sus caras de un elemento aislante como puede ser el documento ES 1.052.170, o basadas en un cuerpo de escayola que por una de sus caras se fija un cuerpo aislante tal como se describe en el documento ES 1.052.257, o 5 basadas en una pieza cerámica que por una de sus caras presenta un elemento aislante y por su cara opuesta presenta un recubrimiento de escayola tal como se describe en el documento Es 1.050.481. Likewise, other documents describe elements of constructions based on a ceramic piece that can be provided with one of its faces with an insulating element such as document ES 1,052,170, or based on a plaster body one of its faces is fixed to an insulating body as described in document ES 1.052.257, or 5 based on a ceramic piece that on one side has an insulating element and on its opposite side has a plaster coating such as It is described in document It is 1,050,481.
En cuanto a elementos de cerramiento podemos considerar el documento ES 1.049.149 y Es 10 2.230.948 en los que se describes sendas piezas sándwiches definida por una pareja de cuerpos cerámicos entre los que queda un cuerpo aislante, así como el documento ES 1.052.525 basado en un bloque según dos cuerpos cerámicos, de distinto grosor, entre los que se dispone un elemento aislante. As for enclosing elements, we can consider document ES 1.049.149 and Es 10 2.230.948 in which two sandwich pieces are described, defined by a pair of ceramic bodies between which an insulating body remains, as well as document ES 1.052. 525 based on a block according to two ceramic bodies, of different thickness, between which an insulating element is arranged.
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Finalmente, en cuanto a las paredes separadoras o divisoras podemos considerar el documento ES 1.043.950 en el que se describe una pared divisora basada en unos perfiles en “U” horizontales y verticales entre los que quedan una serie de elementos aislantes y que por ambas caras monta una pluralidad de placas de yeso con unas dimensiones de 100 x 62 x 2,5 cm que se fijan a los perfiles. 20 Finally, as regards the separating or dividing walls, we can consider document ES 1.043.950 in which a dividing wall is described based on horizontal and vertical “U” profiles between which a series of insulating elements remain and which for both faces assemble a plurality of plasterboard with dimensions of 100 x 62 x 2.5 cm that are fixed to the profiles. twenty
Respecto de los elementos de cerramiento basados en unas piezas de hormigón armado de grandes dimensiones, principalmente, para la ejecución de naves industriales, presentan diferentes inconvenientes, y, así, el primer inconveniente es el considerable peso que hace que la manipulación de las piezas se deba de llevar a cabo por medio de grúas. 25 Regarding the enclosure elements based on large reinforced concrete pieces, mainly for the execution of industrial buildings, they have different drawbacks, and, thus, the first drawback is the considerable weight that makes the handling of the pieces must be carried out by means of cranes. 25
Si hacemos referencia a elementos prefabricados para la ejecución de casas prefabricadas de hormigón armado podemos considerar el documento ES 8207019 en el que se describe un procedimiento para la obtención de muros prefabricados, el cual se basa en la disposición de un marco perimetral, en función de molde, sobre la bandeja constitutiva del fondo del mismo y 30 que constituye a su vez el elemento vinculante a la mesa vibradora, cuyo marco define aberturas y oquedades, habiéndose previsto que sobre él se deposite la masa de material fraguable. If we refer to prefabricated elements for the execution of prefabricated reinforced concrete houses we can consider document ES 8207019 in which a procedure for obtaining prefabricated walls is described, which is based on the provision of a perimeter frame, depending on mold, on the tray constituting the bottom of the same and 30 which in turn constitutes the binding element to the vibrating table, whose frame defines openings and cavities, having provided that on it the mass of fragrable material is deposited.
Asimismo, podemos considerar el documento ES 2.127.057 en el que se describe un Sistema 35 para la obtención de elementos prefabricados para la construcción, dotado de una central de amasado y llenado, una estación de vibrado y con dos secciones de fabricación de las piezas prefabricadas, una de ellas de basculación de las piezas prefabricadas para extracción del molde y la otra en la que no precisan basculación, de forma que el acceso y salida de los moldes rodantes de la calle de las estaciones de vibrado, se efectúa por medio de unos rotores 40 que tienen un giro de 90º para dirigirlos a la calle de curado adecuada. Likewise, we can consider document ES 2.127.057 in which a System 35 is described for obtaining prefabricated elements for construction, equipped with a kneading and filling plant, a vibrating station and two parts manufacturing parts. prefabricated, one of them of tilting of the prefabricated pieces for extraction of the mold and the other in which they do not need tilting, so that the access and exit of the rolling molds of the street of the vibrating stations, is carried out by means of 40 rotors that have a 90 ° turn to direct them to the proper curing street.
Finalmente, podemos considerar el documento ES 2.229.861 en el que se describe una máquina automática para la fabricación de piezas de hormigón prensado, la cual comprende una tolva basculante con la masa de hormigón para su vertido al molde, desplazable por unas 45 guías rectas, un molde montado sobre un soporte desplazable sobre guías desde la recepción de la masa de hormigón y el desmoldeo de la pieza fabricada y una segunda posición en la que el molde queda situado en posición de trabajo para el compactado y una prensa montada sobre un armazón de soporte. Finally, we can consider the document ES 2,229,861 in which an automatic machine for the manufacture of pressed concrete pieces is described, which comprises a tilting hopper with the mass of concrete for its pouring into the mold, movable by about 45 straight guides , a mold mounted on a movable support on guides from the reception of the concrete mass and the demoulding of the manufactured part and a second position in which the mold is placed in working position for compacting and a press mounted on a frame of support.
50 fifty
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
En la presente memoria se describe un procedimiento de obtención de un panel de This procedure describes a procedure for obtaining a panel of
construcción, de forma que comprende: construction, so that it includes:
corte de un núcleo de material aislante a las medidas apropiadas; cutting a core of insulating material to the appropriate measures;
inserción en el núcleo de material aislante de una serie de elementos separadores y centrado; 5 insertion into the core of insulating material of a series of separating and centering elements; 5
introducción en un molde vertical del núcleo aislante con la serie de elementos separadores y centrado; introduction into a vertical mold of the insulating core with the series of separating elements and centering;
cierre del molde vertical con el núcleo/s en su interior; vertical mold closure with the core / s inside;
vertido de un recubrimiento de base cemento y alta resistencia que cubre todas sus caras; 10 pouring of a cement-based and high-strength coating that covers all its faces; 10
secado natural de la base de cemento que cubre el núcleo aislante por todas sus caras, y; natural drying of the cement base covering the insulating core on all its faces, and;
desmoldeo de los paneles obtenidos tras su curación. demoulding of the panels obtained after cure.
Por otra parte, el recubrimiento de base cemento y alta resistencia que cubre todas las caras 15 del núcleo aislante comprende: On the other hand, the high-strength cement-based coating that covers all faces 15 of the insulating core comprises:
un 18 a 31% en peso de cemento; 18 to 31% by weight of cement;
un 69 a 82% en peso de carbonato cálcico con una granulometría menor a 1mm; 69 to 82% by weight of calcium carbonate with a particle size of less than 1mm;
un 0,0015 a 0,0050 Kg de un aditivo superplastificante reductor de agua por cada 20 100Kg de la mezcla, y; 0,00 0.0015 to 0.0050 Kg of a water reducing superplasticizer additive for every 20 100Kg of the mixture, and;
10 a 18 litros de agua por cada 100Kg de la mezcla. 10 to 18 liters of water per 100Kg of the mixture.
Más en concreto, el recubrimiento de base cemento y alta resistencia que cubre todas las caras del núcleo aislante comprende: 25 More specifically, the high-strength cement-based coating that covers all faces of the insulating core comprises:
un 22 a 27% en peso de cemento; 22 to 27% by weight of cement;
un 73 a 78% en peso de carbonato cálcico con una granulometría menor a 1mm; 73 to 78% by weight of calcium carbonate with a particle size of less than 1mm;
un 0,0017 a 0,0048 Kg de un aditivo superplastificante reductor de agua por cada 100Kg de la mezcla, y; 30 0,00 0.0017 to 0.0048 kg of a water reducing superplasticizer additive per 100 kg of the mixture, and; 30
12 a 16 litros de agua por cada 100Kg de la mezcla. 12 to 16 liters of water per 100Kg of the mixture.
De esta forma, el panel definido por el núcleo aislante y un recubrimiento homogéneo por todas sus caras presenta unas medidas, aproximadas, de 300 x 54,5 x 9 cm teniendo el núcleo de material aislante un grosor de 7 cm y el recubrimiento de base cemento un grosor de 1 a 35 1,2 cm, con una densidad de 1,8-2,1gr/cm3 y con una tensión de rotura (resistencia) de 29-32,5N/mm3 y con un peso de, aproximadamente, 55Kg/m2. In this way, the panel defined by the insulating core and a homogeneous coating on all its faces has approximate measures of 300 x 54.5 x 9 cm, the core of insulating material having a thickness of 7 cm and the base coating cement with a thickness of 1 to 35 1.2 cm, with a density of 1.8-2.1gr / cm3 and with a breaking stress (resistance) of 29-32.5N / mm3 and with a weight of approximately 55Kg / m2.
La obtención de un panel con las características descritas y de especial aplicación en la fabricación de viviendas modulares adquiere una gran relevancia, ya que, facilita que su 40 manipulación manual por dos personas, lo que evita la utilización de grúas, haciendo que dichas viviendas puedan ser ejecutadas en cualquier lugar y sin precisar personal especializado. Obtaining a panel with the characteristics described and of special application in the manufacture of modular homes acquires great relevance, since it facilitates its manual manipulation by two people, which avoids the use of cranes, making these homes can be executed anywhere and without requiring specialized personnel.
Por otra parte, el panel puede presentar en sus caras enfrentadas un machihembrado y, 45 asimismo, el panel puede presentar, según su altura, al menos, un vaciado, que permitirá la instalación de distintas instalaciones como agua o electricidad y cuyos vaciados podrán ser materializados tras la obtención del núcleo a la medida deseada. On the other hand, the panel can present a tongue and groove on its faces and, likewise, the panel can present, according to its height, at least one emptying, which will allow the installation of different facilities such as water or electricity and whose emptyings may be materialized after obtaining the core to the desired extent.
Para complementar la descripción que seguidamente se va a realizar, y con objeto de ayudar a 50 una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva, de un juego de planos, en cuyas figuras de forma ilustrativa y no limitativa, se representan los detalles más característicos de la invención. To complement the description that is going to be carried out below, and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is accompanied by a set of drawings, whose figures are illustrative and not limiting, the most characteristic details of the invention are represented.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DISEÑOS. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DESIGNS.
Figura 1. Muestra una vista de las distintas fases del proceso de fabricación del panel para construcción objeto de la invención. Figure 1. Shows a view of the different phases of the manufacturing process of the construction panel object of the invention.
5 5
Figura 2. Muestra una vista en alzado frontal del panel para construcción obtenido. Figure 2. Shows a front elevation view of the construction panel obtained.
Figura 3. Muestra una vista en planta del panel para construcción de la figura 2, pudiendo observar como en sus caras laterales presenta una conformación complementaria con los pilares entre los que se montará. 10 Figure 3. It shows a plan view of the construction panel of Figure 2, being able to observe how in its lateral faces it presents a complementary conformation with the pillars between which it will be mounted. 10
Figura 4. Muestra una vista de una sección longitudinal por un plano horizontal, pudiendo observar el núcleo de material aislante y el recubrimiento de base cemento, así como los vaciados materializados según toda su altura. Figure 4. It shows a view of a longitudinal section through a horizontal plane, being able to observe the core of insulating material and the cement-based coating, as well as the materialized emptyings according to their full height.
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Figura 5. Muestra una vista de una sección longitudinal por un plano vertical, pudiendo observar el núcleo de material aislante, y el recubrimiento de base cemento, así como los vaciados materializados según toda su altura. Figure 5. It shows a view of a longitudinal section through a vertical plane, being able to observe the core of insulating material, and the cement-based coating, as well as the materialized emptyings according to their full height.
Las figuras 6 y 7 muestran respectivos detalles A y B de la sección extrema del panel objeto de 20 la invención y representado en las figuras 4 y 5, respectivamente. Figures 6 and 7 show respective details A and B of the end section of the panel object of the invention and represented in Figures 4 and 5, respectively.
Figura 8. Muestra una vista en alzado lateral seccionada del panel para construcción dispuesto en el molde, pudiendo observar una serie de elementos separados y de centrado, insertados en el núcleo aislante, y que quedarán embebidos en el recubrimiento. 25 Figure 8. It shows a sectional side elevation view of the construction panel arranged in the mold, being able to observe a series of separate and centering elements, inserted in the insulating core, and which will be embedded in the coating. 25
DESCRIPCIÓN DE UNA REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE. DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT.
A la vista de las comentadas figuras y de acuerdo con la numeración adoptada podemos observar como el procedimiento de obtención de un panel 1 para construcción, principalmente, 30 de cerramiento, comprende una primera fase 2 de corte de un núcleo de material aislante 3 a las medidas apropiadas, una segunda fase 4 en la que en el núcleo de material aislante 3 se insertan una serie de elementos separadores y centrado 5, de forma que en una tercera fase 6 el núcleo de material aislante 3 con la serie de elementos separadores y centrado 5 es colocado en un molde 7 vertical quedando perfectamente ubicado para proceder, en una 35 cuarta fase 8, al cierre del mismo. In view of the aforementioned figures and in accordance with the numbering adopted we can observe how the procedure for obtaining a panel 1 for construction, mainly of enclosure 30, comprises a first phase 2 of cutting a core of insulating material 3 at appropriate measures, a second phase 4 in which in the core of insulating material 3 a series of separating elements and centering 5 are inserted, so that in a third phase 6 the core of insulating material 3 with the series of separating elements and centering 5 is placed in a vertical mold 7 being perfectly positioned to proceed, in a fourth phase 8, to the closing thereof.
Tras el cierre del molde 7 se procederá en una quinta fase 9 al vertido de un recubrimiento 10 de base cemento y alta resistencia que cubre todas sus caras, de forma que a continuación se tiene una sexta fase 11 de secado natural y, finalmente, en una séptima fase 12 se procederá al desmoldeo de los paneles 1 para construcción obtenidos tras su curación. 40 After the closure of the mold 7, a pouring of a cement-based coating 10 and high strength covering all of its faces will be poured into a fifth phase, so that then a sixth phase 11 of natural drying is followed and, finally, in a seventh phase 12 will proceed to the demoulding of the panels 1 for construction obtained after their cure. 40
Por otra parte, el recubrimiento 10 de base cemento y alta resistencia que cubre todas las caras del núcleo de material aislante 3 comprende: On the other hand, the cement-based and high-strength coating 10 covering all faces of the core of insulating material 3 comprises:
un 18 a 31% en peso de cemento; 45 18 to 31% by weight of cement; Four. Five
un 69 a 82% en peso de carbonato cálcico con una granulometría menor a 1mm; 69 to 82% by weight of calcium carbonate with a particle size of less than 1mm;
un 0,0015 a 0,0050 Kg de un aditivo superplastificante reductor de agua por cada 100Kg de la mezcla, y; 0,00 0.0015 to 0.0050 Kg of a water reducing superplasticizer additive per 100Kg of the mixture, and;
10 a 18 litros de agua por cada 100Kg de la mezcla. 10 to 18 liters of water per 100Kg of the mixture.
50 fifty
En una ejecución preferente de la invención el recubrimiento 10 de base cemento y alta resistencia que cubre todas las caras del núcleo de material aislante 3 comprende: In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the cement-based, high-strength coating 10 covering all faces of the core of insulating material 3 comprises:
un 22 a 27% en peso de cemento; 22 to 27% by weight of cement;
un 73 a 78% en peso de carbonato cálcico con una granulometría menor a 1mm; 73 to 78% by weight of calcium carbonate with a particle size of less than 1mm;
un 0,0017 a 0,0048 Kg de un aditivo superplastificante reductor de agua por cada 100Kg de la mezcla, y; 0,00 0.0017 to 0.0048 kg of a water reducing superplasticizer additive per 100 kg of the mixture, and;
12 a 16 litros de agua por cada 100Kg de la mezcla. 5 12 to 16 liters of water per 100Kg of the mixture. 5
De esta forma, mediante el procedimiento y la composición descritos se obtiene un panel de construcción que está constituido por un núcleo de material aislante 3 con un recubrimiento 10 de base cemento por todas sus caras y que presenta unas medidas, aproximadas, de 300 x 54,5 x 9 cm teniendo el núcleo aislante un grosor de 7 cm y el recubrimiento un grosor de 1 a 10 1,2 cm, con una densidad de 1,8-2,1gr/cm3 y una tensión de rotura (resistencia) de 29-32,5N/mm3, teniendo como resultado un panel de construcción con un peso de, aproximadamente, 55Kg/m2, que puede ser manipulado por dos personas. Thus, by means of the procedure and composition described, a construction panel is obtained which is constituted by a core of insulating material 3 with a cement-based coating 10 on all its faces and which has approximate measures of 300 x 54 , 5 x 9 cm with the insulating core having a thickness of 7 cm and the coating having a thickness of 1 to 10 1.2 cm, with a density of 1.8-2.1gr / cm3 and a breaking stress (resistance) of 29-32.5N / mm3, resulting in a construction panel with a weight of approximately 55Kg / m2, which can be handled by two people.
En la figura 8 de los diseños se observa cómo, tras el corte del núcleo aislante 3 de acuerdo a 15 las medidas y forma deseada, en sus caras laterales mayores se insertarán una serie de elementos separadores y centrado 5, mediante los que se permitirá que al ser introducido en el molde 7, el núcleo aislante 3 quede perfectamente centrado en la cavidad del molde, y que al verter el recubrimiento 10 de base cemento cubrirá al núcleo aislante 3 por todas sus caras de forma homogénea. 20 Figure 8 of the designs shows how, after cutting the insulating core 3 according to the desired measures and shape, a series of separating and centering elements 5 will be inserted into its larger lateral faces, by means of which it will be allowed that when it is introduced into the mold 7, the insulating core 3 is perfectly centered in the mold cavity, and that when pouring the cement base coating 10 it will cover the insulating core 3 on all its faces in a homogeneous manner. twenty
El panel 1 para construcción obtenido puede presentar sus caras laterales lisas, machihembradas, tal como se muestra en la figura 8 de los diseños, o de acuerdo a un conformado, tal como se muestra en las figuras 5 y 7, de manera que dicho conformado será complementario a los pilares entre los que se irán montando los paneles. 25 The panel 1 for construction obtained can have its smooth, tongue and groove side faces, as shown in Figure 8 of the designs, or according to a forming, as shown in Figures 5 and 7, so that said forming It will be complementary to the pillars between which the panels will be mounted. 25
Asimismo, el panel 1 para construcción puede disponer de unas serie de cavidades 13 en sentido vertical para el paso de diferentes instalaciones como agua o electricidad. Also, the panel 1 for construction can have a series of cavities 13 vertically for the passage of different facilities such as water or electricity.
Lógicamente, el molde vertical 7 puede comprender varias habitáculos para la ejecución de 30 varios paneles 1 simultáneamente. Logically, the vertical mold 7 can comprise several compartments for the execution of several panels 1 simultaneously.
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| ES201431310A ES2528866B1 (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2014-09-11 | Procedure for obtaining a construction panel, composition of the panel covering and obtained panel |
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| ES201431310A ES2528866B1 (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2014-09-11 | Procedure for obtaining a construction panel, composition of the panel covering and obtained panel |
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| ES2528866B1 true ES2528866B1 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
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| CN105587073B (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2018-04-13 | 浙江八达建设集团有限公司 | The preparation method of lightweight Self-insulating composite wallboard |
| CN113152780A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-07-23 | 曲靖市中泰新型墙材有限公司 | Autoclaved aerated concrete plate and preparation method thereof |
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| WO1999051829A1 (en) * | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-14 | Phillip Boot Holdings Pty. Ltd. | Pre-cast concrete walling system |
| US20030079438A1 (en) * | 2001-11-01 | 2003-05-01 | Housing Technology, Inc. | Precast modular building panel and vertically oriented method of manufacturing same |
| ES2391959B1 (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2013-10-10 | Iñaki ZABALA ZUAZO | SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE. |
| CN102503249A (en) * | 2011-10-05 | 2012-06-20 | 张振彬 | High-strength steel-fiber active powder cement insulating composite roof slab and manufacture method thereof |
| EP2634153A1 (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2013-09-04 | Omya Development AG | Process for the preparation of cement, mortars, concrete compositions containing a calcium carbonate-based filler containing an aluminosiliceous material, the said "filler(s) blend" being treated with a superplastifier, cement compositions and cement products obtained, and their applications. |
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