ES2588977T3 - Tool insert for a device for shredding material into parts and device equipped with such an insert - Google Patents

Abstract

Tool insert for a device (S) for shredding material into pieces (M), with an impact section (2, 32) that has an impact surface (5, 33) on its free outer side, with which it collides during the practical use of the material (M) to be crushed, and with a fixing section (3, 34) that is attached on one side away from the impact surface (5, 33) to the impact section (2, 32) and serving for the detachable fixation of the tool insert (1, 31) in the device (S), existing in the impact section (2, 32) in the new state of the tool insert (1, 31) at least one point stop (10, 11, 36, 44) protruding from the impact surface (5, 33), to which a support means (T1, T2, 41) can be coupled, characterized in that there is additionally a stop point ( 21, 38) in the fixing section (3, 34), to which a support means (24, 41) can also be attached.

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Tool insert for a device for shredding material into parts and device equipped with such an insert

The invention relates to a tool insert for a device for shredding material into pieces, with an impact section, which presents an impact surface on its free outer side, with which the material to be crushed collides during practical use, and with a fixing section, which is joined on one side away from the impact surface, with the impact section and which serves for the detachable fixing of the tool insert in the device. In the case of this type of tool insert, these are, for example, protective caps or rotary hammers, which are used in crushers or shredders to crush stone, demolition materials, motor vehicles or the like. Such a device is known for example from US 484 86 81.

The invention also relates to such a device for the shredding of material into pieces, which is equipped with a tool insert of the type referred to herein. Such devices are used, for example, for crushing metal, stone or demolition materials. In this case, their tool inserts are exposed to extreme loads both in the area of their impact surfaces that come into direct contact with the goods to be crushed, as well as in the area of their fixing section, as long as they are housed in the corresponding crushing machine.

In shredding devices of the type referred to herein, the tool inserts are normally rotatably housed or fixedly mounted on a rotor. For this, the rotor has several axes housed in the rotor, in which correspondingly it is rotatably housed or at least one tool insert is fixed by means of a support opening formed in its fixing section. The tools housed in a rotating manner can carry out in this way in the case of a corresponding rotary movement of the rotor, balancing movements during operation, so that they break the material that collides with them with a particularly high kinetic energy.

Tool inserts are usually manufactured as castings. They can be manufactured, however, as welded construction, as a calcined part or as a forged part.

Practical tool inserts are known, which are configured as called "monobloc". The simple configurations of these block type impact tools, consisting of a single molten material, normally have a uniform hardness due to their cross section and length. In the case of monoblock tools better adapted to the loads that correspondingly make their appearance, on the contrary the impact section exposed in the practical use directly to the impact load, has a harder configuration, while the housing section presents a less hard structure, more resistant, and is able in this case to cope better with the dynamic loads that appear in practice in the area of the support opening.

Tools used through impact are also used in practice, in which, in the area of the impact surface there are casts inserted into the impact body (DE 195 28 512 A1).

Due to the impact loads that make their appearance during the process of crushing in the form of impulse on their impact surfaces, the impact sections of the tool inserts are subjected to abrasive wear by high impact. Because of this they have to be replaced at regular intervals.

In the case of crushing devices of the type indicated initially known, described for example in documents DE 197 56 275 C or DE 199 29 765 A1, the axes supported by the rotor, in which they are housed in a manner, are removed for this purpose. rotating the tool inserts, and the rotor is rotated until the tool inserts fall from the rotor as a result of the force of gravity.

During the assembly of new tool inserts, their fixing sections with their housing opening are then placed in the free space existing in the area of the corresponding housing. Subsequently, the housing shaft is passed through the corresponding housing opening of the housing and the housing openings of the fixing section of the corresponding tool insert, so that the tool insert can swing in either direction on the shaft.

Since the tool inserts have a high weight as a rule and occupy a large volume, both the assembly of new tool inserts, as well as the disassembly of worn tool inserts, require time and are laborious. In this case, the assembly work is further hindered by the narrow spatial conditions and the shape of the tool inserts, which makes it particularly difficult to attach a crane with them, so that the tool insert can be accurately positioned exactly. simple.

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With this background, the task of the invention was to make available a tool insert, which can be mounted with less effort on a device for shredding material into pieces. In addition, a device for shredding material into parts, whose tool insert can be replaced in a comparatively simple manner, should be indicated.

As regards the tool insert, this task has been solved according to the invention by means of a tool insert according to claim 1. Advantageous configurations are indicated in the dependent claims of claim 1.

As regards the device for shredding material into pieces, the solution according to the invention to the aforementioned task consists of a device configured according to claim 11. An advantageous configuration of the device according to the invention is indicated in the claim dependent on the claim. eleven.

With the invention, a tool insert for a device for shredding material into pieces is made available, which in correspondence with the state of the art mentioned initially presents an impact section, which has an impact surface on its free outer side, on which collides during the practical use the material to be crushed, and a fixing section, which is joined by a side away from the impact surface, with the impact section and serves for the detachable fixing of the tool insert in the device .

According to the invention there is now in the new state of the tool insert, at least in the impact section, at least one protruding stop point of an impact surface, to which a support means can be attached. This stop point on the impact surface is freely accessible and can be easily reached by the corresponding assembler. It is correspondingly simple to attach with the tool insert according to the invention, a support means, such as a lifting belt or cable, and suitable stop means supported by the support means can also be used for the coupling of the corresponding support means of course, such as hooks or shackles. Then, the tool insert can then be brought to its mounting position with the help of a crane or similar and held for so long until the support shaft is also mounted, in which the tool insert is housed in its position finished riding

Naturally, there may also be two or more projections on the surface of impact when this is convenient for reasons of manipulation of the tool insert during assembly. This may be convenient, for example, when the tool insert is very large or the space conditions are very limited, so that a particularly safe and accurate positioning of the tool insert is necessary.

As soon as the tool according to the invention is positioned, the stop point on its impact surface is no longer needed. In this case, the invention specifically takes into account that the stop point, due to the material to be crushed and collides with it, is destroyed very quickly so strongly and that it is worn out, that after a short period of use it is barely existing. The existing stop point on the impact surface therefore has no practical influence on the normal operation and impact performance produced by the tool insert during practical use.

Since the intended stop point according to the invention on the impact surface is only used during assembly, it can be fixed in any way on the tool insert. It is only essential in this case, that the union between the tool insert and the stop point is sufficient to safely absorb the charges that appear during the assembly of a new insert. One possibility for this is to join the stop point in union of materials, that is, for example by welding, gluing, reverse welding, or comparatively with the impact section.

It is also conceivable to form the stop point of a piece in the impact section. This possibility is particularly advantageous when the tool insert according to the invention is manufactured by casting techniques.

To ensure that the stop point is already essentially completely leveled after a short period of use, so that there is a uniformly shaped impact surface on the tool that guarantees a correspondingly uniform impact result, the stop point can present in the zone of its passage to the impact section, a theoretical break point, in which the stop point breaks precisely when the material to be crushed collides.

To facilitate coupling to the correspondingly used support means, the stop point may have a passage opening. In this case, it can be configured, for example, in the form of a hook, so that a tape or a cable can be easily coupled directly with the tool insert.

Alternatively, it is also possible to form the contact point as a bag-shaped recess provided with a stop edge for the coupling of the support means, on the impact surface of the section of

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impact. In this case the stop edge can be configured as a rib, which extends freely through the pocket-shaped recess of the stop point. In case the pocket-shaped recess is formed as a cavity in the impact section, the impact edge can also be configured at the edge of the roof section that delimits the cavity insertion entrance, by means of the which recess is covered in the direction of the impact surface of the impact section. Regardless of how the bag-shaped stop point is configured, an advantage of this configuration is that the tool inserts according to the invention can also be accommodated in this configuration in their new state without problems so that they rest on their impact surface. , until they are mounted on the corresponding crushing device.

Basically, the configuration according to the invention has proved to be advantageous in the case of all heavy and large-volume tool inserts, which due to their high weight can only be moved with the help of a crane or a comparable lifting facility. The possibility opened by the invention of a simple positioning and even so has a particularly advantageous effect! Exactly of the tool insert, when the fixing section has a housing opening for the rotary fixing of the tool insert in the device for shredding material into pieces, that is, when the tool insert is provided to be housed on an axis or tree in the corresponding device. This is particularly true when it is a rotating housing in the case of the housing, which does not form an opposite fastener for the tool insert to be mounted.

In addition to the stop point present on the impact surface of a tool insert according to the invention in a new state, the fixing section also has a stop point for the detachable coupling of a support means. Regardless of the construction of the corresponding crushing device and the spatial conditions, this stop point can be used, for example, for the coupling of a cable or a tape during the assembly of a tool insert according to the invention, with which supports the alignment of the insert at the mounting location. The stop point present in the fixing element, determined for the coupling of a support means, has nevertheless proved to be particularly advantageous during disassembly. In this way the stop point not exposed during the practical operation to any wear can be used, for the safe coupling of the corresponding support means, with which a worn tool insert is removed after disassembly. For this purpose, the stop point can have, as an eyelet, a passage opening for the coupling of the support means or have, for example, a hook-shaped configuration. If the space occupied by an outstanding stop point in the corresponding crushing device is not available, it is also conceivable to configure the stop point as a bag formed in the fixing section, in which the means of attachment are engaged. coupling support.

A particularly uniform mass distribution that only influences to a small extent the turning movement of the corresponding tool insert results when the stop point assigned to the impact section and the stop point of the fixing section present for the corresponding coupling of a support means correspondingly a passage opening and the fixing section has a housing opening and when the central points of the passage openings and the housing opening are on a straight line.

A tool insert according to the invention can also be manufactured economically because, as far as casting technique is concerned, it is manufactured particularly from an iron casting alloy, being able to be cast in areas of particular load of Wear of the tool insert naturally reinforcing elements of another material, with greater resistance and less prone to wear.

In a device according to the invention for shredding material into pieces, the advantages explained above of the invention can be exploited because they comprise at least one tool insert configured according to the invention, with which the material to be crushed in the insert of tool, providing in the device a housing in which the tool insert with its fixing section is detachably fixed. This applies particularly when the tool insert according to the invention is rotatably housed in the corresponding housing, since the stop point, existing on the impact surface of the tool insert, determined for the coupling of a support means, it allows in a particularly simple way to mount the tool insert with the help of a crane or a comparable support installation.

Next, the invention is explained in more detail by means of a drawing that represents an example of realization. They show respectively schematically:

Fig. 1 a first tool insert in side view;

Fig. 2 the tool insert shown in Fig. 1 in a section along the cutting line A-A

indicated in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 a second tool insert in side view;

Fig. 4 the tool insert shown in Fig. 3 in a section along the line B-B indicated in Fig. 1;

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Fig. 5 a device for shredding material into pieces in sectional view;

Fig. 6 a third tool insert in a sectional representation corresponding to Fig. 2;

Fig. 7 a fourth tool insert in a sectional representation corresponding to Fig. 2.

In the case of the tool insert 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2, it is a cast protection cap

of a piece from iron casting material for a rotor R of a device S for the crushing of

material in pieces M in pieces of material MT as shown in Fig. 5.

The tool insert 1 formed in a manner known per se has an impact section 2 and a fixing section 3 attached thereto.

The impact section 2 is curved outward in the radial direction as a barrel roof, so that in the side view it is in the form of an arc. It has a thickness D2 measured in radial direction and a width B2 measured in axial direction. Its impact surface 5 arranged outside has correspondingly the shape of a cylindrical surface section.

The fixing section 3 is formed on the inner side of the impact section 2 and has a central zone 6 arranged centrally in lateral view in relation to the impact section 2, whose width B6 measured in axial direction is smaller than the width B2 of the impact section 2. With regard to the width B2 of the impact section 2, the central zone 6 is arranged outside the center, so that the impact section 2, as shown in Fig. 2 , protrudes from one side of the central zone 6 more than on the opposite side.

In the central zone 6 there is a housing opening 7. Its central point is in a straight line G, which divides the angular area in two surrounded by the impact section 2. The axis of rotation X of the housing opening 7 has parallel alignment with the axis with respect to the axis, around which the impact section 2 is curved with its impact surface 5. The housing opening 7 is used to fix the tool insert 1 on the rotor R of the device S.

Laterally to the central zone 6 of the fixing section 3, ribs 8, 9 are connected correspondingly, transversely aligned with respect to the X axis, which respectively support an area protruding from the central zone 6, of the impact section 2 against the central zone 6.

In the new state there are on the impact surface 5 two stop points 10, 11 configured as eyelets, protruding from the impact surface 5. The stop points 10, 11 respectively have a passage opening 12, 13, whose longitudinal axis has an alignment parallel to the axis with respect to the X axis. As regards the width B2 of the impact section 2 (Fig. 2), the projections 10, 11 are aligned in this case in such a way, which are centrally aligned with respect to a normal one that extends through the center of gravity P of the tool insert 1, towards the impact surface 5, while viewed in the lateral direction (Fig. 1) they are correspondingly arranged at the same distance with respect to its narrow side 14, 15 assigned from the impact section 2 with mirror symmetry in front of the line G.

The corresponding passage opening 12, 13 of the stop points 10, 11, has a configuration such that with the stop points 10, 11, a support means T1, T2 indicated in Fig. 1 can be correspondingly coupled only by means of dashed lines, such as a cable or tape, by a suitable stop means 16, 17, such as a hook or a shackle, to hang on a crane not shown in this case. The arrangement of the stop points 10, 11 is chosen in this case in such a way that, in the case of the support means T1, T2 being hung, a triangular hanging results, by means of which the tool insert 1 is stablely hung in its position on a crane during a transport despite its great weight.

In the example of realization shown here, the stop points 10, 11 are joined in one piece with the tool insert 1, since during the fabrication by casting technique of the tool insert 1, they are directly cast into the . It is also possible, however, to prefabricate the stop points 10, 11 separately and then fix them properly to the impact section 2.

During practical use, the impact section 3 of the tool insert 1 is subjected to high impact loads by means of material to be crushed or pieces of the material, which collide on its impact surface 5. These loads are so high that the points of stop 10, 11 have already worn out for a short time of use and the impact surface 5 also has an essentially uniformly curved shape in the area of the stop points 10, 11. The rapid wear of the abutment points 10, 11 can be reinforced, since it is foreseen in the area of the steps 18, 19 of the abutment points 10, 11 with the impact surface 5 respectively, specifically a material weakening 20. The corresponding material weakening 20 can be configured as a theoretical break zone, in which the stop points 10, 11 are broken when material collides from a direction that deviates from a normal with the impact surface 5 on the points top 10, 11. In this way, it ensures

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In spite of the corresponding weakening of material 20, that the stop points 10, 11 can absorb the resulting weight forces during transport and assembly of the tool insert 1.

On its side away from the impact surface 5, there is also formed in the central area 6 of the tool insert 1 a stop point 21 configured as an eyelet, which protrudes in front of the rear outer surface 2 of the central zone 6 In this case, the passage opening 23 of the stop point 21 is aligned with the passage openings 12, 13 of the stop points 10, 11 and configured in such a way that it can also be coupled for disassembly or for the backrest of the assembly. with the stop point 21 without problems a suitable support means 24, such as a cable or tape, or directly or through a hook or shackle that serves as a stop means 25 with the tool insert 1. The support means 24 and the corresponding stop means 25 are indicated in Fig. 1 also only by broken lines.

In the case of tool inserts 31, 43, 44 shown in figures 3 and 4, as! as 6 and 7, it is correspondingly a hammer manufactured by one piece casting technique, as it is also normally mounted on the rotor R of the S device.

The basic shape of the tool inserts 31, 43, 44 also cast in one piece from iron casting material corresponds to the basic shape of commercial impact hammers for shredders. The tool inserts 31, 43, 44 correspondingly respectively have an outwardly curved impact section 32 of the barrel-type roof, curved in an arc in lateral view, of thickness D32 measured in radial direction and width B32 measured in shaft direction. The impact surface 33 directed outwardly of the impact section 32 is respectively curved correspondingly and forms as the impact surface 3 of the tool insert 1, a cutout of a hollow cylinder lining surface.

On the far side of the impact surface 33 of the impact section 32 there is respectively formed a fixing section 34 aligned centrally with respect to the impact section 32, which has a housing opening 35. The central point of the opening of housing 35 coincides in this case with the center point of the curvature of the impact section 32. Its longitudinal axis corresponds correspondingly with the axis of rotation D, around which the tool insert 31 is balanced during practical use.

In the case of the tool insert 31, there is a stop point 36 in the new state on the impact surface 32 configured as an eyelet, casting a piece into the tool insert 31, which protrudes from the impact surface 33. Like the stop points 10, 11 of the tool insert 1, the stop point 36 has a passage opening 37, whose longitudinal axis has an orientation parallel to the axis with respect to the axis of rotation D. In this case the stop point 36 is positioned centrally on the impact surface 32. Due to the symmetrical mass distribution of the tool insert 31, it is aligned in this way centrally with respect to the position of a normal that extends through the center of gravity P 'of the tool insert 31 towards the impact surface 33. On its side away from the impact surface 32, there is formed in the fixing section 34, opposite the stop point 36, of the tool insert 31, another point from stop 38 configured as an eyelet, protruding from the assigned outer surface 39 of the fixing section 34. The passage opening 40 of the stop point 38 is aligned and configured in this case as the passage opening 37 of the point butt 36.

The passage openings 37, 40 of the abutment points 36, 38 have in this case an orientation and a configuration such that a suitable support means 41, such as a cable, can be coupled thereto without problems respectively without problems or a tape, either directly or through a hook or shackle that serves as a stop means 42 with the tool insert 31. In Fig. 3 the corresponding support means 31 and the stop means 42 are also correspondingly indicated only through scratched lines.

Due to the high impact loads due to material to be crushed, the stop point 36 disposed on the impact surface 32 is also worn out during practical use and after a short period of use, so that the impact surface 32 also obtains in the area of the stop point 36 soon an essentially uniformly curved shape.

In the case of the tool insert 43, there is formed in the new state on the impact surface 32 in the central position, a stop point 45 configured as a bag in the tool insert 43. The stop point 45 has in this case a stop edge 46 that extends through its pocket-shaped recess, with which the corresponding means of elevation comes into contact.

Regardless of the type of technical fabrication in terms of laundry, the stop edge 45, as shown in Fig. 6, can be configured as a free rib. In the event that, as indicated in Fig. 7, the stop point 45 is configured in the tool insert 44 as a pocket shaped as a cavity 47 in the impact section 32, the stop edge 48 there ! It can also be configured at the edge of the roof section that delimits upwardly the insertion opening 49 of the cavity 47, whereby the cavity 46 is covered towards the impact surface of the impact section 32.

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Regardless of how the corresponding stop edge 45, 48 is configured, it extends correspondingly transversely with respect to the axis of rotation D, to enable a simple engagement of the corresponding lifting means 50 (hook).

In the case of the device S shown in Fig. 5, it is a shredder of constructive form known per se, as used for example, to crush material M in large pieces, such as car bodies, construction debris , rubble or large stone blocks. Material M and MT parts obtained after crushing are indicated in Fig. 5 only by arrows.

The device S comprises a rotor R that rotates around a rotation axis DR. On its perimeter, distributed at uniform angular distances, there are six tool inserts 31 arranged in the rotor R that serve as impact hammers. The tool inserts 31 are in this case rotatably housed respectively on a shaft 51 guided through their corresponding housing opening 35, so that during the practical operation they carry out due to the rotation of the rotor R rocking movements around of its corresponding assigned axis 51.

The intermediate spaces that remain between the tool inserts 31 are occupied by tool inserts 1 that serve as shock plates. The tool inserts 1 are held in this case by means of their axes 52 inserted through their corresponding housing opening 7, fixedly to the rotor R.

For the disassembly of worn tool inserts 1, 31, the corresponding assigned axis 51, 52 is removed, so that the corresponding tool insert 1, 31 is separated from the rotor R. Then, it can be coupled to the stop point 21, 38 later Integro correspondingly protected against impact loading, a support means of a crane not shown in this case and the corresponding tool insert 1, 31.

For mounting, a tool insert 1, 31 is approached and aligned in such a way that hangs securely on the crane not shown through its stop points 10, 11 or 36, so that the assigned axis 51, 52 can be made pass through a comparatively low effort through its corresponding housing opening 7, 35.

 REFERENCE

 Component

 one

 Tool insert

 2

 Impact section of tool insert 1

 3

 Fixing section of tool insert 1

 5

 Impact surface of impact section 2

 6

 Central area of the fixing section 3

 7

 Opening of tool insert 1

 8, 9

 Support areas of the fixing section 3

 10, 11

 Stop points

 12, 13

 Openings of the stop points 10, 11

 14, 15

 Narrow sides of the impact section 2

 16, 17

 Stop means, such as hook or shackle

 18, 19

 Steps from stop points 10, 11 to impact surface 5

 twenty

 Material Weakening

 twenty-one

 Stop point

 22

 Rear outer surface of central zone 6

 2. 3

 Opening of the stop point 21

 24

 Support medium

 25

 Buffer medium

 31

 Tool insert

 32

 Impact section of tool insert 31

 33

 Impact surface

 3. 4

 Tool insert fixing section 31

 35

 Tool insert housing opening 31

 36

 Stop point

 37

 Opening of the stop point 36

 38

 Stop point

 39

 Outside surface of fixing section 34

 40

 Opening of the stop point 38

 41

 Support medium

 42

 Bumper Medium 43

 43

 Tool insert

 44

 Tool insert

 Four. Five

 Stop points of tool inserts 43, 44

 46

 Butt song

 47

 Cavity

 48

 Butt song

 49

 Cavity insertion opening 47

 fifty

 Lifting medium

 51

 Axes

 52

 Axes

 B2

 Width of impact section 2

 B32

 Width of the impact section 32

 B6

 Fixing section width 3

 D

 Axis of rotation

 D2

 Thickness of impact section 2

 D32

 Thickness of impact section 32

 Dr

 Rotor axis R rotor

 G

 Straight

 M

 Crushing material

 MT

 Parts of material obtained by crushing

 P

 Center of gravity of tool insert 1

 P '

 Center of gravity of tool insert 31

 R

 R device rotor

 S

 Device for shredding motor vehicles

 T1, T2

 Support medium, such as cable or tape

 X

 Spindle axis of housing opening 7

Claims (12)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five 1. Tool insert for a device (S) for shredding material into parts (M), with an impact section (2, 32) that has an impact surface (5, 33) on its free outer side, with which the material (M) to be crushed during the practical use, and with a fixing section (3, 34) that is attached on one side away from the impact surface (5, 33) to the impact section (2, 32 ) and which serves for the detachable fixation of the tool insert (1, 31) in the device (S), existing in the impact section (2, 32) in the new state of the tool insert (1, 31) at least a stop point (10, 11, 36, 44) protruding from the impact surface (5, 33), to which a support means (T1, T2, 41) can be coupled, characterized in that there is an additional point of stop (21, 38) in the fixing section (3, 34), to which a support means (24, 41) can also be attached. 2. Tool insert according to claim 1, characterized in that the stop point (10, 11, 36, 44) is joined in union of materials with the impact section (2, 32). 3. Tool insert according to claim 1, characterized in that the stop point (10, 11, 36, 44) is formed of a piece in the impact section (2, 32). 4. Tool insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stop point (10, 11) has a theoretical break point (20) in the area of its passage to the impact section (2, 32). 5. Tool insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stop point (10, 11) has an opening (12, 13, 23) for coupling the support means (T1, T2, 41). 6. Tool insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stop point has a hook-shaped configuration. 7. Tool insert according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the stop point (44) is shaped as a pocket-shaped recess (46), provided with a stop edge (45, 47) for coupling the support means (41), on the impact surface (33) of the impact section (32). 8. Tool insert according to claim 7, characterized in that the stop edge (45) of the stop point (44) is configured as a rib that extends freely over the recess (46) in the form of a bag of the stop point ( 44). 9. Tool insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing section (3, 34) has a housing opening (7, 35) for rotating fixing of the tool insert (1, 31) in the device (S) 10. Tool insert according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is manufactured as cast, forged, welded or calcined. 11. Device for shredding material into parts (M), with a tool insert (1, 31) configured according to one of the preceding claims, with which the material (M) to be crushed during practical use, and with a housing in which the tool insert (1, 31) with its fixing section (3, 34) is detachably fixed. 12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the tool insert (1, 31) is rotatably housed in the housing.