ES2569544A1 - System for the measurement of blood glucose and/or other medical parameters (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
System for the measurement of blood glucose and/or other medical parameters (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2569544A1 ES2569544A1 ES201431637A ES201431637A ES2569544A1 ES 2569544 A1 ES2569544 A1 ES 2569544A1 ES 201431637 A ES201431637 A ES 201431637A ES 201431637 A ES201431637 A ES 201431637A ES 2569544 A1 ES2569544 A1 ES 2569544A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
- H02G3/02—Details
- H02G3/08—Distribution boxes; Connection or junction boxes
- H02G3/086—Assembled boxes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1468—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means
- A61B5/1477—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using chemical or electrochemical methods, e.g. by polarographic means non-invasive
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- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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Abstract
Description
OBJETO DE LA INVENCiÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un sistema para la medición de la glucemia, así como opcionalmente de otro tipo de parámetros médicos posibles de medir a través de una muestra de sudor de un sujeto, basándose en la utilización de un sensor biométrico no invasivo, de manera que mediante una reacción de dicho sudor con un reactivo y el correspondiente análisis mediante un microprocesador, se consigue la medición de la glucosa o parámetros de que se trate de esa persona de forma cómoda, rápida y sumamente eficaz. The present invention relates to a system for the measurement of blood glucose, as well as optionally other medical parameters possible to measure through a sweat sample of a subject, based on the use of a non-invasive biometric sensor, of so that by means of a reaction of said sweat with a reagent and the corresponding analysis by means of a microprocessor, the measurement of glucose or parameters in question of that person is achieved in a comfortable, fast and extremely effective way.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCiÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Se conocen sistemas y dispositivos que permiten realizar medidas de la glucosa en pacientes sin necesidad de tener que analizar la sangre extraída del propio paciente, como es convencional, de manera que esos dispositivos y sistemas considerados como no invasivos y que no requieren la extracción de sangre, son aparatos y dispositivos de tamaño considerable y con elementos externos a la medición requerida, por lo que resultan incómodos en su uso a la vez que imprecisos. Systems and devices are known that allow glucose measurements to be made in patients without having to analyze the blood drawn from the patient, as is conventional, so that those devices and systems considered non-invasive and that do not require blood collection , they are devices and devices of considerable size and with elements external to the required measurement, so they are uncomfortable in their use while inaccurate.
Tratando de solucionar esta problemática, el propio solicitante es titular de la patente de invención P201430289, en la que se describe y reivindica un sistema para la medición de la glucosa, en el que participa un módulo acoplable sobre un soporte perteneciente a un brazalete, pulsera o similar, comprendiendo el módulo un sensor con un elemento calefactable en su interior y en correspondencia con su superficie inferior, incorporando adicionalmente un microprocesador, un depósito de reactivo, una bomba con boquilla dosificadora del reactivo y un conector para toma de datos obtenidos. Trying to solve this problem, the applicant himself is the holder of the invention patent P201430289, in which a glucose measurement system is described and claimed, in which a plug-in module on a support belonging to a bracelet, bracelet participates or similar, the module comprising a sensor with a heating element in its interior and in correspondence with its lower surface, additionally incorporating a microprocessor, a reagent reservoir, a pump with reagent dosing nozzle and a connector for data collection obtained.
A partir de esta estructuración, el elemento calefactable asociado al sensor está previsto From this structure, the heating element associated with the sensor is provided
- 5 5
- para calentar la zona de la persona sobre la que va situado dicho sensor, para que mediante la aplicación de micro-gotas de una enzima por parte de la bomba con la boquilla dosificadora se lleva a cabo la medición de la glucosa a través de la reacción producida, todo ello mediante el procesamiento de la información obtenida por parte del microprocesador a través del sensor. to heat the area of the person on which said sensor is located, so that by means of the application of micro-drops of an enzyme by the pump with the dosing nozzle glucose measurement is carried out through the reaction produced, all this through the processing of the information obtained by the microprocessor through the sensor.
- lO 15 10 15
- Si bien este dispositivo cumple la función para la que ha sido previsto, en la práctica se ha podido comprobar que presenta una serie de problemas entre los que cabe citar los siguientes: Se trata de un dispositivo limitado funcionalmente, ya que solo permite llevar a cabo la medición de los niveles de glucosa en sudor, de manera que si bien es cierto que cambiando la enzima contenida en el depósito se pueden medir otros parámetros, el dispositivo en ningún caso permite medir mas de un parámetro médico. Although this device fulfills the function for which it has been provided, in practice it has been found that it presents a series of problems, including the following: It is a functionally limited device, since it only allows carrying out the measurement of sweat glucose levels, so that while it is true that by changing the enzyme contained in the reservoir other parameters can be measured, the device in no case can measure more than one medical parameter.
- Se trata de un dispositivo voluminoso. It is a bulky device.
- 20 twenty
- Presenta unos tiempos de medición que sería deseable reducir. Debido a la propia estructuración del mismo, las mediciones no resultan todo lo precisas que fuera deseable. It presents some measurement times that it would be desirable to reduce. Due to its own structuring, the measurements are not as precise as desirable.
- 25 25
- La necesidad de implantar una micro-bomba hace que el dispositivo presente un alto consumo eléctrico, limitando la autonomía del sistema. The need to implant a micro-pump causes the device to have a high electrical consumption, limiting the autonomy of the system.
- 30 30
- DESCRIPCiÓN DE LA INVENCiÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
- El sistema que se preconiza, resuelve de forma plenamente satisfactoria la problemática anteriormente expuesta en todos y cada uno de los aspectos anteriormente comentados, The system that is recommended, solves in a fully satisfactory way the problem previously exposed in each and every one of the aspects previously mentioned,
permitiendo unas mediciones mucho más precisas, más rápidas, con un mínimo consumo eléctrico y todo ello en un dispositivo con unas dimensiones mínimas y que puede permitir la medición de varios parámetros médicos en un único equipo de forma simultánea. allowing much more precise, faster measurements, with a minimum electrical consumption and all this in a device with minimum dimensions and that can allow the measurement of several medical parameters in a single device simultaneously.
Para ello, en el sistema de la invención participa un módulo que está previsto preferente y fundamentalmente para su aplicación en una pulsera, brazalete o elemento similar que pueda entrar en contacto con la piel del usuario. To this end, a module that preferentially and fundamentally for application in a bracelet, bracelet or similar element that can come into contact with the user's skin participates in the system of the invention.
Dicho módulo, presenta una estructura multi-capa, basado en la tecnología MEMS, en el que las capas están constituidas con uno o varios niveles de grafeno según el estrato de capa que corresponda. This module has a multi-layer structure, based on MEMS technology, in which the layers are constituted with one or several graphene levels according to the corresponding layer layer.
Así pues, se definen una pluralidad de capas a modo de electrodos de reacción que se intercalan con capas o electrodos de medición. Thus, a plurality of layers are defined as reaction electrodes that are interspersed with layers or measurement electrodes.
De forma más concreta, la capa inferior, del tipo de las que constituyen los electrodos de reacción, está destinada a entrar en contacto con la piel del usuario, y se obtiene a base de grafeno, en la que se embeben una o varias enzimas convenientemente distribuidas en distintos sectores de su superficie de contacto con la piel, en función de si se ha previsto que el sistema permita medir uno o más parámetros médicos, como por ejemplo los niveles de glucosa, la bilirrubina, los electrolitos, el lactato, citocinas, fenilcetonuria, o cualquier otro parámetro que se pueda analizar a partir del sudor del paciente, esta capa es la que mayor grosor presenta de todo el conjunto. More specifically, the lower layer, of the type that constitutes the reaction electrodes, is intended to come into contact with the user's skin, and is obtained based on graphene, in which one or more enzymes are conveniently embedded distributed in different sectors of its skin contact surface, depending on whether the system is expected to measure one or more medical parameters, such as glucose levels, bilirubin, electrolytes, lactate, cytokines, phenylketonuria, or any other parameter that can be analyzed from the patient's sweat, this layer is the one with the greatest thickness of the whole set.
Por su parte, las capas o electrodos de medición, igualmente a base de grafeno, y conectadas al correspondiente microprocesador, incluyen nanopartículas de diferentes metales nobles depositadas sobre las mismas como pueden ser oro, platino, plata o paladio. On the other hand, the measuring layers or electrodes, also based on graphene, and connected to the corresponding microprocessor, include nanoparticles of different noble metals deposited on them such as gold, platinum, silver or palladium.
Estas capas funcionan como electrodos para realizar las mediciones de las diferentes reacciones químicas producidas al juntarse el sudor u otros fluidos con el sensor. These layers function as electrodes to measure the different chemical reactions produced by the sweat or other fluids coming together with the sensor.
Superiormente a esta conjugación de capas o electrodos de reacción y medición , se dispone una capa a base de un sustrato de nanotubos de celulosa para crear una succión del sudor u otro fluido por dentro del sensor y hacer más perfecta y con menos errores la medición de In addition to this conjugation of reaction or measurement layers or electrodes, a layer based on a substrate of cellulose nanotubes is arranged to create a suction of sweat or other fluid inside the sensor and make the measurement of more perfect and with less errors
la reacción , así como evacuar el exceso de líquidos sobrantes de la medición y poder tener a punto el sensor para una nueva medida. the reaction, as well as evacuate the excess liquid left over from the measurement and have the sensor ready for a new measurement.
Sobre dicha capa, es decir definiendo la capa superior del conjunto se establece un elemento calefactor, tal como una micro rejilla, la cual es calefactable eléctricamente mediante micropulsos, en la medida necesaria para poder evacuar el exceso de líquidos de la capa de celulosa para evitar que se sature y detenga la capacidad de trabajo del sensor. On said layer, that is to say defining the upper layer of the assembly a heating element is established, such as a micro grid, which is electrically heated by micropulses, to the extent necessary to be able to evacuate the excess liquids from the cellulose layer to avoid that saturates and stops the working capacity of the sensor.
Finalmente, el conjunto descrito quedará protegido perimetralmente por una envolvente de caucho o similar. Finally, the described assembly will be protected perimeter by a rubber envelope or the like.
Para proceder a una medición, se actúa sobre el elemento calefactor, generando una serie de micropulsos, en orden a evacuar el exceso de líquidos de la capa de celulosa, lo que provoca a su vez y de forma paralela la sudoración por parte del usuario de la zona en contacto con el sistema, de manera que, en las capas de grafeno se definen una serie de capilares que permiten conducir el sudor en sentido ascendente atravesando las distintas capas que participan en el dispositivo, ascensión que se ve favorecida por los nanotubos de la capa de celulosa superior. To proceed with a measurement, the heating element is actuated, generating a series of micropulses, in order to evacuate the excess liquids from the cellulose layer, which in turn causes the user to sweat at the same time. the area in contact with the system, so that, in the graphene layers, a series of capillaries are defined that allow sweat to be directed upwards through the different layers that participate in the device, an ascension that is favored by the nanotubes of the top cellulose layer.
De esta manera, el sudor entra en contacto con las enzimas contenidas en las capas de reacción, reaccionando con éstas de modo que los electrodos de medición puedan realizar las medidas oportunas para ser analizadas a través del correspondiente microprocesador. In this way, sweat comes into contact with the enzymes contained in the reaction layers, reacting with them so that the measuring electrodes can make the appropriate measurements to be analyzed through the corresponding microprocessor.
El microprocesador almacenará en la correspondiente memoria los datos obtenidos, pudiéndose transmitir esta información a partir de diferentes medios para el envío de los datos obtenidos a otros sistemas, de forma inalámbrica, ya sea GPRS, Wifi, Bluetooth o similar, asociados a la pulsera o brazalete que soporta el módulo del sensor, si bien ésta realización mas compleja es opcional. The microprocessor will store the data obtained in the corresponding memory, being able to transmit this information from different means for sending the data obtained to other systems, wirelessly, whether GPRS, Wifi, Bluetooth or similar, associated with the bracelet or bracelet that supports the sensor module, although this more complex embodiment is optional.
En cualquier caso, existirá una validación por separado para asegurar que la medida sea lo más aproximada posible a la realidad, descartando por la misma la tolerancias de error debidas a los componentes que incluye el circuito microprocesador que realiza las mediciones. In any case, there will be a separate validation to ensure that the measurement is as close as possible to reality, discarding the error tolerances due to the components included in the microprocessor circuit that makes the measurements.
El dispositivo podrá tener un carácter modular, es decir ser extraíble de la pulsera, brazalete The device may have a modular character, that is, be removable from the bracelet, bracelet
o elemento de que se trate, para su sustitución, cuando el propio microcontrolador detecte que las mediciones no son correctas. or element in question, for replacement, when the microcontroller itself detects that the measurements are not correct.
5 Por su parte, el grafeno al ser un material monoatómico puede utilizarse para construir capas ultra delgadas y tener así un sensor mucho mas reducido que el citado en el apartado de "Antecedentes de la invención". 5 For its part, graphene, being a monoatomic material, can be used to construct ultra-thin layers and thus have a much smaller sensor than the one mentioned in the "Background of the invention" section.
La especial y novedosa estructuración del sistema hace que las mediciones puedan llevarse lOa cabo de forma mucho mas rápida y con un mínimo consumo, al no precisar de microbombas. The special and novel structuring of the system means that measurements can be carried out much faster and with minimal consumption, as no micropumps are required.
DESCRIPCiÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
15 Para complementar la descripción que seguidamente se va a realizar y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha In order to complement the description that is going to be carried out below and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization of the same, a set of said description is attached as an integral part of said description. drawings where illustrative and non-limiting, has been
20 representado lo siguiente: 20 represented the following:
La figura 1.-Muestra una vista esquemática y en explosión de la estructura multi-capa del sistema para la medición de glucosa objeto de la presente invención. Figure 1 shows a schematic and exploded view of the multi-layer structure of the glucose measurement system object of the present invention.
La figura 2.-Muestra una vista en pertil del conjunto de la figura anterior parcialmente montado. Figure 2.- Shows a view in pertl of the assembly of the previous figure partially assembled.
REALIZACiÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCiÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
30 Como se puede ver en las figuras referidas, y en especial de la figura 1, el sistema de la invención comprende un módulo principal, destinado a integrarse en una pulsera, brazalete, As can be seen in the aforementioned figures, and in particular of figure 1, the system of the invention comprises a main module, intended to be integrated into a bracelet, bracelet,
o elemento similar destinado a entrar en contacto con la piel del usuario, y no representado en las figuras, en el que se establece un microprocesador para interpretación y visualización de los datos obtenidos, medios de alimentación eléctrica y de almacenamiento y envío de datos a una interfaz como una pantalla integrada en la propia pulsera o a otros dispositivos remotos, tales como ordenadores, tablets, smartphones o similares. or similar element intended to come into contact with the user's skin, and not represented in the figures, in which a microprocessor is established for interpretation and visualization of the data obtained, means of electrical power and storage and sending of data to a interface as a screen integrated in the bracelet itself or other remote devices, such as computers, tablets, smartphones or the like.
En cualquier caso, y de acuerdo con la esencia de la invención, el citado módulo sensor, se constituye a partir de una estructura multi-capa a base de capas o electrodos de reacción (11'-1") entre las que se alternan una serie de capas o electrodos de medición (2,2',2") construidas con uno o varios niveles de grafeno. In any case, and in accordance with the essence of the invention, said sensor module is constituted from a multi-layer structure based on layers or reaction electrodes (11'-1 ") between which an alternating series of layers or measuring electrodes (2,2 ', 2 ") constructed with one or several graphene levels.
De forma mas concreta, en la primera de las capas o capa inferior de reacción (1), de mayor grosor y destinada a entrar en contacto con la piel del usuario, se embeben una o más enzimas que son las destinadas a reaccionar con el sudor del usuario para permitir la medición del parámetro de que se trate. More specifically, in the first of the layers or lower reaction layer (1), of greater thickness and intended to come into contact with the user's skin, one or more enzymes are embedded which are those destined to react with sweat of the user to allow the measurement of the parameter in question.
En el caso de querer medir los niveles de glucosa, se utiliza como enzima la glucosa oxidasa la cual está probada sobradamente en estudios desde hace mucho tiempo. In the case of wanting to measure glucose levels, glucose oxidase is used as an enzyme, which has been widely tested in long-term studies.
Entre la primera y la segunda capa de reacción (1) y (1') se establece una primera capa o electrodo de medición (2), en la que están depositadas nanopartículas de oro, mientras que la segunda capa o electrodo de medición (2') incluye nanopartículas de plata y la tercera capa o electrodo de medición (2") nanopartículas de paladio, presentando las capas de grafeno unos capilares (3) que dirigen el sudor en sentido ascendente. Between the first and the second reaction layer (1) and (1 ') a first layer or measuring electrode (2) is established, in which gold nanoparticles are deposited, while the second layer or measuring electrode (2 ') includes silver nanoparticles and the third layer or measuring electrode (2 ") palladium nanoparticles, the graphene layers having capillaries (3) that direct the sweat upwards.
Sobre el citado conjunto multi-capa se dispone una capa o sustrato de nanotubos de celulosa (4) para crear una succión del sudor, mientras que el conjunto se remata superiormente en un elemento calefactor o rejilla (5) alimentada eléctricamente mediante micro pulsos, para evacuar el exceso de liquidos de la capa de celulosa para evitar que se sature y a la vez provocar la sudoración del usuario. A layer or substrate of cellulose nanotubes (4) is arranged on said multi-layer assembly to create a sweat suction, while the assembly is topped off in a heating element or grid (5) electrically fed by micro pulses, for Evacuate excess liquids from the cellulose layer to prevent saturation while causing the user to sweat.
Tal y como se puede observar en las figuras, las capas de reacción disponen de un perfil escalonado, en orden a definir espacios (6) para la inclusión de la electrónica de control del dispositivo. As can be seen in the figures, the reaction layers have a stepped profile, in order to define spaces (6) for the inclusion of the device control electronics.
El conjunto así descrito queda protegido perimetralmente por una envolvente (7) de caucho The assembly thus described is protected perimeter by a rubber envelope (7)
o similar. or similar.
Tal y como se ha comentado con anterioridad, en las capas de reacción pueden embeberse 5 agrupados en distintos sectores enzimas diferentes para medir diferentes parámetros que se pueden obtener del sudor. As mentioned previously, 5 different groups can be embedded in different reaction sectors in the reaction layers to measure different parameters that can be obtained from sweat.
De esta forma, en el sudor se podrían medir varios tipos de sustancias interesantes como son los electrolitos que sirven para indicar enfermedades como la fibrosis quística, la 10 bilirrubina, indicador necesario en varias enfermedades, el lactato, que es un indicador de la fatiga corporal y se podría medir utilizando como enzima lactato oxidasa. In this way, several types of interesting substances could be measured in sweat, such as electrolytes that serve to indicate diseases such as cystic fibrosis, bilirubin, a necessary indicator in several diseases, lactate, which is an indicator of body fatigue and could be measured using lactate oxidase enzyme.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201431637A ES2569544B1 (en) | 2014-11-07 | 2014-11-07 | System for measuring blood glucose and / or other medical parameters |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| ES201431637A ES2569544B1 (en) | 2014-11-07 | 2014-11-07 | System for measuring blood glucose and / or other medical parameters |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| ES2569544A1 true ES2569544A1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
| ES2569544B1 ES2569544B1 (en) | 2017-02-21 |
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