ES2564187T3 - Agentes de modulación de glutamato en el tratamiento de trastornos mentales - Google Patents
Agentes de modulación de glutamato en el tratamiento de trastornos mentalesInfo
- Publication number
- ES2564187T3 ES2564187T3 ES10156331.0T ES10156331T ES2564187T3 ES 2564187 T3 ES2564187 T3 ES 2564187T3 ES 10156331 T ES10156331 T ES 10156331T ES 2564187 T3 ES2564187 T3 ES 2564187T3
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- 208000020016 psychiatric disease Diseases 0.000 title abstract 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 title description 3
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 title description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-N-acetyl-Cysteine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O PWKSKIMOESPYIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960004308 acetylcysteine Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- FTALBRSUTCGOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Riluzole Chemical compound C1=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C2SC(N)=NC2=C1 FTALBRSUTCGOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 208000030459 obsessive-compulsive personality disease Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 208000007656 osteochondritis dissecans Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 229960004181 riluzole Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 208000024714 major depressive disease Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 208000028911 Temporomandibular Joint disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 208000008963 Transient myeloproliferative syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 5
- RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-MRXNPFEDSA-N (R)-fluoxetine Chemical compound O([C@H](CCNC)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 RTHCYVBBDHJXIQ-MRXNPFEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GDLIGKIOYRNHDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clomipramine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C2=CC=CC=C21 GDLIGKIOYRNHDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001910 anti-glutamatergic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960004606 clomipramine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960002464 fluoxetine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009225 cognitive behavioral therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960004341 escitalopram Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-FQEVSTJZSA-N escitalopram Chemical compound C1([C@]2(C3=CC=C(C=C3CO2)C#N)CCCN(C)C)=CC=C(F)C=C1 WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-FQEVSTJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CJOFXWAVKWHTFT-XSFVSMFZSA-N fluvoxamine Chemical compound COCCCC\C(=N/OCCN)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1 CJOFXWAVKWHTFT-XSFVSMFZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004038 fluvoxamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002483 medication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000002271 trichotillomania Diseases 0.000 description 2
- WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-HXUWFJFHSA-N (R)-citalopram Chemical compound C1([C@@]2(C3=CC=C(C=C3CO2)C#N)CCCN(C)C)=CC=C(F)C=C1 WSEQXVZVJXJVFP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007848 Alcoholism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000004384 Alopecia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010010144 Completed suicide Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010012374 Depressed mood Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020401 Depressive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010054089 Depressive symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033712 Self injurious behaviour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000013738 Sleep Initiation and Maintenance disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000028552 Treatment-Resistant Depressive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940123445 Tricyclic antidepressant Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010001584 alcohol abuse Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000025746 alcohol use disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000360 alopecia Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 208000022531 anorexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003693 atypical antipsychotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127236 atypical antipsychotics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001058 bupropion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bupropion Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC(C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWCRAEMEVRGPNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N buspirone Chemical compound C1C(=O)N(CCCCN2CCN(CC2)C=2N=CC=CN=2)C(=O)CC21CCCC2 QWCRAEMEVRGPNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002495 buspirone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001653 citalopram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DGBIGWXXNGSACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N clonazepam Chemical compound C12=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C2NC(=O)CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl DGBIGWXXNGSACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003120 clonazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001149 cognitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010061428 decreased appetite Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003001 depressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002074 deregulated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003210 dopamine receptor blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940048393 escitalopram 20 mg Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010022437 insomnia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RLAWWYSOJDYHDC-BZSNNMDCSA-N lisinopril Chemical compound C([C@H](N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 RLAWWYSOJDYHDC-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036651 mood Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001079 no serious adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229960005017 olanzapine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KVWDHTXUZHCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N olanzapine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=C(C)S2 KVWDHTXUZHCGIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940053544 other antidepressants in atc Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000019906 panic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007310 pathophysiology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000902 placebo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940068196 placebo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940055706 quetiapine 50 mg Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940072169 rilutek Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940064232 risperidone 5 mg Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004761 scalp Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000000980 schizophrenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000697 serotonin reuptake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000946 synaptic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000024587 synaptic transmission, glutamatergic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003029 tricyclic antidepressant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004688 venlafaxine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PNVNVHUZROJLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N venlafaxine Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(CN(C)C)C1(O)CCCCC1 PNVNVHUZROJLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/485—Morphinan derivatives, e.g. morphine, codeine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/425—Thiazoles
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/425—Thiazoles
- A61K31/428—Thiazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/425—Thiazoles
- A61K31/429—Thiazoles condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/43—Compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula, e.g. penicillins, penems
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
- A61K31/542—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/545—Compounds containing 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. cephalosporins, cefaclor, or cephalexine
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
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Abstract
Uso de N-acetilcisteína o sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma en la preparación de un medicamento para el tratamiento de un trastorno mental.
Description
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conductual cognitiva previa, dosificación de medicaciones conjuntas y variables de resultados para cada paciente se muestran en la Tabla 2. El número medio de ensayos de medicación previamente fallidos incluyeron 3,5 (±1,7) ensayos de IRS/IRSN/ATC y 1,3 (±1,5) ensayos de refuerzo con antagonistas de dopamina. Adicionalmente, doce de los trece sujetos fracasaron en ensayos previos de terapia conductual cognitiva. Las dosis medias de medicaciones conjuntas durante el estudio, dosificadas solas o en combinación, incluyeron: fluoxetina 80 mg (n=4), clomipramina 262,5 mg (n=4), escitalopram 20 mg (n=2), fluvoxamina 300 mg (n=3), buspirona 30 mg (n=1), risperidona 5 mg (n=1), olanzapina 11,3 mg (n=2), quetiapina 50 mg (n=1) y clonazepam 1,3 mg (n=5). La puntuación de Y-BOCS media de pacientes que entraban en el estudio era de 30,7 (±6,6), lo que indica síntomas de TOC graves. Se habían publicado previamente datos de un paciente como un informe de caso (Coric y col. 2003).
La Figura 1 ilustra la puntuación de Y-BOCS media para todos los participantes en el estudio. La Y-BOCS media para el grupo en la línea basal fue de 30,7 (±6,6) y al final del estudio fue de 17,7 (±8,6), lo que representa una reducción global del 42 % para la cohorte completa. Las puntuaciones de Y-BOCS mejoraron significativamente a lo largo del tiempo (F1, 11,1 = 19,78, p=0,001). Siete de los trece pacientes (54 %) demostraron una reducción > 35 % en las puntuaciones de Y-BOCS. Cinco de los trece pacientes (39 %) se clasificaron como sensibles al tratamiento, como se define por una reducción del 35 % o mayor en Y-BOCS de línea basal, una Y-BOCS final de 16 o menos, y el consenso de los médicos tratantes. El porcentaje de reducción en las puntuaciones de Y-BOCS de línea basal al final del estudio varió de 38 a 76 % en pacientes sensibles. Dos de los cinco pacientes sensibles se caracterizaron predominantemente por comportamientos de acumulación. Las puntuaciones de CGI/GI administradas por el especialista clínico mejoraron significativamente a lo largo del tiempo (F1, 16,2=20,99, p=0,0003). La línea basal media de CGI/GI fue 4 (±0), CGI/GI a la semana 6 fue de 3,2 (±0,6), CGI/GI a la semana 9 fue de 2,66 (±0,5), y CGI/GI a la semana 12 fue de 2,33 (±1).
La media de HAM-D en la línea basal fue de 30 (±13,7) y al final del estudio fue de 19,7 (±6,0). Figura 2. Las puntuaciones de HAM-D para el grupo completo mejoraron significativamente a lo largo del tiempo (F1, 10,8=9,12, p=0,012); seis de los trece pacientes demostraron mejoras clínicamente significativas en puntuaciones de HAM-D con reducciones del 36-83 % en puntuaciones de HAM-D de línea basal al final del estudio. La media de HAM-A en la línea basal fue de 18,2 (±6,2) y al final del estudio fue de 12 (±2,5). Las puntuaciones de HAM-A mejoraron significativamente a lo largo del tiempo (F1, 11,2=7,9, p=0,017). El riluzol se toleró bien y no se observaron acontecimientos adversos graves. Se observaron aumentos asintomáticos, transitorios, en al menos un LFT en cuatro de los trece pacientes. Un paciente experimentó un aumento nueve veces de ALT; la repetición de ALT en ese paciente reveló un aumento de cuatro veces que se normalizó a dentro de dos veces de los límites superiores de lo normal a la semana tres. AST, ALT, y Alk Phos de línea basal medios fueron 19,1 (±5,7), 22,9 (±12,3), 75 (±13,5), respectivamente; la media de AST, ALT, y Alk Phos de semana 6 fueron de 22 (±13,84), 35,3 (±28,3), 83,7 (±24,4).
Un grupo de control de pacientes con depresión resistente a tratamiento solamente también mostró mejora significativa de las puntuaciones de HAM-D en respuesta a riluzol en este estudio. Véase Figura 3 y 4.
Tabla 1. Características clínicas de pacientes con TOC tratados con IRS con adición de riluzol
N.º de paciente./ Edad de Duración Tipo de síntomas de Diagnósticos Historial familiar psiquiátrico edad (a)/ sexo/ inicio de de TOC (a) TOC de etnia TOC (a) comorbilidad
- 001/34/M/W‡
- 11 23 Agr, sex MDD TOC (abuelo p); anorexia (hermana)
- 002/53/F/W‡ 003/29/M/W
- 48 10 5 19 Agr, sex Agr, ctm, rel, lim/lav, ver, cnt, nds MDD, Tic MDD, Tic Suicidio (abuelo p, tío p) TOC (padre)
- 004/50/F/W 005/36/M/W‡
- 23 22 27 14 Sim/ext, ord/col Ver, rpt, nds MDD Ninguno Ninguno TOC (padre); MDD (madre); trastorno del pánico (padre); TAG (hermano, hermana)
- 006/23/F/W‡ 007/61/F/W
- 22 30 1 31 Som, ctm, lim/lav Acu, sim/ext, ver, rpt, cnt, ord/col, nds MDD Ninguno Ninguno TOC (madre); abuso de alcohol (padre)
- 008/30/M/W‡ 009/61/F/AA 010/29/F/W‡
- 16 43 18 14 18 11 Agr, sex, MDD Rel, ver, cnt Acu, rel MDD Lim/lav, cnt, sim/ext, ver, cnt, rpt, acu MDD Ninguno Ninguno TOC (abuelo m); esquizofrenia (abuela p)
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que son eficaces en TOC en pacientes con TTM. El tratamiento por IRSS de TTM ha mostrado resultados irregulares: dos estudios controlados por placebo con doble ocultación de fluoxetina no han mostrado ningún beneficio uniforme (Streinchenwein y col., Am. J. Psychiatry 152: 1192-1196, 1995; Christenson y col., Am. J. Psychiatry 148: 1566-1571, 1991; Stanley y col., J. Clin. Psychiatry 52: 282, 1991; Stanley y col., J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 17 (4): 278-83, 1997; revisado en Walsh y McDougle, Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 6 (6): 975-84, 2005); aunque la clomipramina, un antidepresivo tricíclico con fuerte actividad inhibidora de la recaptación de serotonina, ha mostrado beneficio en TTM en algunos estudios clínicos, aunque en algunos estudios la mayoría de los pacientes parecen recaer después de semanas o meses de tratamiento continuado (por ejemplo, Swedo y col.,
N. Engl. J. Med. 321 (8): 497-501, 1989; Swedo y col., N. Engl. J. Med. 329 (2): 141-2, 1993; revisado en Walsh y McDougle, Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 6 (6): 975-84, 2005). El refuerzo del tratamiento con IRSS con antipsicóticos atípicos, que es eficaz en algunos casos de TOC resistente a IRSS, ha mostrado una reducción significativa en los tirones de pelo en algunos informes de casos y series abiertas pequeñas (revisado en Walsh y McDougle, Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 6 (6): 975-84, 2005).
Las observaciones preclínicas y clínicas sugieren que la actividad del glutamato desregulada puede contribuir a la patofisiología de TOC, y los inventores han observado beneficio de fármacos que modulan la neurotransmisión glutamatérgica en estudios preliminares (Pittenger y col., The Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics 3: 69-81, 2006). En particular, han descubierto que el fármaco antiglutamatérgico riluzol (Rilutek, Aventis Pharmaceuticals), que se cree que reduce el glutamato sináptico, es beneficioso para pacientes con TOC refractario en un ensayo abierto inicial (Coric y col., Psychopharmacology, 167: 219-220, 2003; Coric y col, Biol. Psychiatry, 58: 424-428, 2005). Aquí se describe el uso exitoso de riluzol en un paciente con TTM crónica, grave.
La señora B es una mujer de 53 años de edad con un historial de TTM y depresión mayor recurrente desde la adolescencia. Los ensayos de tratamiento adecuado previos sin efectos duraderos incluyeron: terapia conductual cognitiva con especialistas clínicos experimentados, IRSS (fluoxetina, fluvoxamina, citalopram, escitalopram) y otros antidepresivos (bupropión, clomipramina, venlafaxina). El periodo más largo de abstinencia para tirones de pelo fue un periodo de tres semanas a finales de los años 80 durante un ensayo de IRSS temprano, pero los síntomas volvieron poco después. En el momento de presentarse en la clínica de los inventores, la señora B estaba tomando 30 mg de escitalopram diariamente sin ningún beneficio para sus síntomas de tirones de pelo o depresivos, y pudo estar como máximo dos días sin tirarse del pelo.
La localización de los tirones de pelo se centró principalmente en el cuero cabelludo, y llevaba una peluca para cubrir su alopecia frontal resultante. La señora B caracterizaba su malestar por los tirones de pelo como de moderado a grave. Los tirones de pelo en la presentación eran graves, como se cuantificó por una puntuación de escala de tricotilomanía del Instituto Psiquiátrico (PITS) de 23 y una puntuación de escala de tirones de pelo del Hospital General de Massachusetts (MGH) de 17, (véase Figura 9). También presentó ánimo deprimido, impotencia, desesperanza, menor concentración, menor interés en las actividades, baja energía, insomnio y sentimientos de extrema culpa y vergüenza. Su índice de depresión de Hamilton (HAM-D) en el momento de la presentación era de
26.
Después de obtener el consentimiento informado para uso extraoficial, se inició tratamiento clínico con riluzol a 50 mg dos veces al día. Experimentó una reducción inicial en los tirones de pelo pero después experimentó una reaparición de los síntomas. Durante el transcurso de tres meses, el riluzol se valoró hacia arriba hasta 150 mg y después 200 mg diariamente para abordar sus síntomas de TTM y depresivos residuales. La depresión mejoró rápidamente, su HAM-D se redujo a 7 en la semana 16 (véase Figura 9). Con la valoración positiva de riluzol, sus impulsos de tirar del pelo desaparecieron completamente, con una bajada correspondiente en sus clasificaciones de TTM (véase Figura 9).
En un seguimiento reciente (72 semanas después de iniciar el tratamiento con riluzol) la señora B ha continuado con una dosis estable de 100 mg dos veces al día de riluzol y ha indicado que los impulsos de tirar del pelo continuaron siendo mínimos y se ignoraron fácilmente. Adicionalmente, continuó la mejora de su ánimo. La reducción de los comportamientos de tirones de pelo de la señora B también fueron evidentes por el recrecimiento significativo del pelo y la reducción continuada de las escalas de clasificación de síntomas depresivos y TTM (véase Figura 9). Su especialista clínico ambulatorio desde hace tiempo indicó que la señora B había sido incapaz previamente de mantener dicho periodo extendido sin tirones de pelo significativos, y descubrió que era más socialmente proactiva y asertiva, perspicaz, resistente a factores de tensión externos que en cualquier momento en los veinte años anteriores.
Este caso ilustra la utilidad potencial de los agentes antiglutamatérgicos en el tratamiento de tricotilomanía refractaria. Esto refleja la utilidad aparente previamente indicada en estudios pequeños y series de casos en TOC (Coric y col., Psychopharmacology, 167: 219-220, 2003; Coric y col, Biol. Psychiatry, 58:424-428, 2005), dermatilomanía (Sasso y col., J. Clin. Psychopharmacolo., en prensa), y comportamiento de autolesión compulsivo (Pittenger y col., J. Clin. Psychiatry. 66 (11): 1492-3, 2005). Además, la mejora en su depresión refractaria al tratamiento se añade a la creciente bibliografía sobre la utilidad de agentes antiglutamatérgicos en el tratamiento de la depresión (por ejemplo Zarate y col., Am. J. Psych. 161: 171-4, 2004; Zarate y col., Biol. Psych. 57: 430-432, 2005; Sanacora y col., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1003: 292-308, 2003; Sanacora y col., Am. J. Psychiatry. 161 (11): 2132, 2004). Aunque el efecto drástico sobre su TTM previamente intratable, en el contexto de estudios previos que
17
Claims (1)
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