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ES2545080T3 - Cintas reforzadas con filamentos útiles para la envoltura de tuberías submarinas - Google Patents

Cintas reforzadas con filamentos útiles para la envoltura de tuberías submarinas Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2545080T3
ES2545080T3 ES07875185.6T ES07875185T ES2545080T3 ES 2545080 T3 ES2545080 T3 ES 2545080T3 ES 07875185 T ES07875185 T ES 07875185T ES 2545080 T3 ES2545080 T3 ES 2545080T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
tape
filaments
base fabric
filament
reinforced
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
ES07875185.6T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John K. Tynan, Jr.
Deborah A. Chrzanowski
Mark A. Lewandowski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Intertape Polymer Corp
Original Assignee
Intertape Polymer Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intertape Polymer Corp filed Critical Intertape Polymer Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2545080T3 publication Critical patent/ES2545080T3/es
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Classifications

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    • B65D65/02Wrappers or flexible covers
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    • B32B5/245Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
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    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
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    • C09J183/04Polysiloxanes
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    • HELECTRICITY
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)

Abstract

Una cinta resistente al agua marina y sensible a la presión que comprende un tejido de base, una capa de filamentos LCP sobre una superficie del tejido de base y una capa adhesiva sensible a la presión que recubre los filamentos y los une al tejido de base.

Description

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DESCRIPCIÓN
Cintas reforzadas con filamentos útiles para la envoltura de tuberías submarinas
Antecedentes de la invención
[0001] La presente divulgación se refiere a materiales de refuerzo que resultan útiles en la fabricación de tuberías, barras, conductos y paquetes de conductos para su disposición submarina y para la envoltura de tuberías, barras, conductos y paquetes de conductos con estos materiales.
[0002] Las cintas reforzadas con filamentos se han venido utilizando en la construcción de conductos submarinos o en el montaje de paquetes de conductos. A efectos de la presente divulgación, se entenderá que el término «conducto» se refiere en general a cualquier tubo destinado al transporte de uno o más servicios públicos, tales como gas natural, petróleo, agua, cables eléctricos, fibra óptica, cables telefónicos y similares. El término «elemento tubular» se utiliza en el presente para referirse en términos más generales a elementos tubulares como tuberías y barras, así como conductos. En un ejemplo más concreto, el conducto puede ser un tubo no unido, flexible, continuo y enrollable. Una cinta que se ha utilizado para este propósito es una cinta reforzada con fibra de vidrio comercializada por la empresa 3M bajo la designación Scotch 890 Filament Tape. En la promoción de esta cinta se afirma que ofrece una resistencia a la tensión de 600 libras/pulgada de ancho, pero cuando se somete a ensayo en agua marina a una temperatura de hasta 70°C su resistencia se degrada rápidamente, por lo que no resulta recomendable a largo plazo, por ejemplo, para aplicaciones submarinas con una vida útil de 25 años.
[0003] La Patente estadounidense Nº 6.641.330 ilustra una aplicación de cintas reforzadas con filamentos para conductos submarinos, donde varios conductos submarinos se unen utilizando cintas reforzadas con filamentos a medida que los conductos se distribuyen y depositan en el mar. Se divulga que la cinta reforzada con fibra de vidrio Scotch 8981 resulta apropiada para este fin. En otra aplicación, las cintas reforzadas con filamentos se han utilizado en la construcción de conductos submarinos, a fin de proporcionar una capa interior reforzada con filamentos que se utiliza para unir el hilo metálico o los refuerzos de las bandas que están enrolladas alrededor de un tubo polimérico intermedio producido durante el proceso de fabricación. Sin embargo, para cada una de estas aplicaciones, es recomendable que la cinta reforzada con filamentos conserve sus propiedades durante un periodo de hasta 25 años cuando la cinta se encuentra bajo el mar. En concreto, esto significa que la cinta debería ser resistente a elevadas presiones externas a profundidades de hasta 3 000 metros y resistir los efectos corrosivos del agua marina. WO 01/29470 Al divulga cinta adhesiva para su uso en operaciones submarinas; EP1457313 divulga materiales laminados para vehículos más ligeros que el aire.
[0004] Por consiguiente, existe la necesidad de obtener un material flexible reforzado con filamento o una cinta adhesiva sensible a la presión para la construcción y/o envoltura o unión de conductos submarinos.
Resumen de la invención
La invención se define en las reivindicaciones.
[0005] Una realización de la invención es una cinta que incluye un tejido de base, una capa de filamentos resistentes a la corrosión sobre una superficie del tejido de base y una capa adhesiva sensible a la presión que recubre los filamentos y los une al tejido de base. De acuerdo con la invención, los filamentos de refuerzo son filamentos de polímero de cristal líquido (LCP). El filamento de LCP es un filamento de poliéster de cristal líquido completamente aromático. Un ejemplo es el ácido carboxílico 6-naftaleno, 6-(acetiloxi)-polímero con ácido benzoico 4-(acetiloxi) (Nº CAS 70679-92-4), que se comercializa como VECTRAN™.
[0006] En otra realización de la invención, se ofrece un método que consiste en lo siguiente: proporcionar al menos un elemento tubular, enrollar un hilo de refuerzo alrededor del elemento tubular, y enrollar un material reforzado con filamentos o una cinta adhesiva sensible a la presión de la invención alrededor del cable de refuerzo, y recubrir el elemento tubular reforzado con filamentos con una capa de polímero extruido. En una realización más concreta, el elemento o los elementos tubulares son un conducto o conductos.
[0007] En otra realización más, las cintas reforzadas sensibles a la presión que se describen en el presente se pueden utilizar para unir dos conductos.
[0008] De acuerdo con otra realización de la invención, se proporciona un método para unir una pluralidad de elementos tubulares que se compone de los pasos siguientes: proporcionar una pluralidad de elementos tubulares y envolver la pluralidad de elementos tubulares con una cinta reforzada con filamentos de la invención, siendo los filamentos de refuerzo filamentos de polímero de cristal líquido (LCP). En una realización más concreta, el elemento
o los elementos tubulares son un conducto o conductos. De acuerdo con otra realización de la invención, este método se realiza en un buque marítimo y el método incluye además el paso de depositar los conductos envueltos en el mar distribuyendo los conductos desde el buque.
[0009] De acuerdo con una realización en particular, el filamento es un filamento LCP completamente aromático y, más concretamente, VECTRAN™.
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Descripción detallada
[0010] Una realización de la invención es una cinta reforzada con filamentos para su uso en la fabricación, envoltura y/o unión de elementos tubulares y, más concretamente, conductos para su colocación submarina, que comprende: un material de soporte, una capa de refuerzo con filamentos de polímero de cristal líquido (LCP) y una capa adhesiva sensible a la presión que une los filamentos de refuerzo al material de soporte. Se utiliza un revestimiento extraíble para producir un producto autoadhesivo en el caso de la cinta sensible a la presión.
[0011] El material de soporte utilizado en las cintas puede ser cualquier película polimérica, papel, tejido o material no tejido del tipo que se encuentra en los productos de cinta. Entre los ejemplos representativos de la película polimérica se incluyen, a título meramente enunciativo, los siguientes: polietileno, polipropileno, poliamidas, acetato de celulosa, copolímeros de cloruro de vinilo y acetato de vinilo, cloruro de polivinilo, cloruro de polivinilideno, butiral de polivinilo, poliestireno, politrifluorocloroetileno, cauchos sintéticos, tales como polímeros de acrilonitrilo butadieno estireno (ABS) o butadieno estireno, películas de polipropileno de orientación monoaxial o biaxial, poliéster, PVC, mezclas de cualesquiera de los polímeros anteriores, películas extraíbles o de otro tipo, así como materiales de espuma, tejido, punto y materiales no tejidos en forma de red. En una realización concreta se utiliza polietilentereftalato (PET). Cualquier clase de material empleado convencionalmente en la producción de cintas sensibles a la presión resulta aceptable.
[0012] Entre los adhesivos sensibles a la presión (PSA) útiles en determinadas realizaciones de la invención se incluyen los adhesivos de base polimérica. Entre los PSA se incluyen, aunque sin limitación, PSA obtenidos de silicona acrílica, caucho sintético, caucho natural y formulaciones acrílicas modificadas. Para la fabricación de PSA se emplean diversas técnicas habituales, entre las que se incluyen los procesos basados en solventes, de fusión térmica y emulsión. En la fabricación basada en solventes, los ingredientes adhesivos se polimerizan, disuelven o dispersan en solvente y se moldean en forma de red. Una vez que el adhesivo se ha depositado sobre el material de soporte o sustrato de transferencia, el solvente se seca para dar lugar al adhesivo funcional. El proceso de fusión térmica normalmente implica cauchos termoplásticos formulados con resinas con mordiente, aceites y antioxidantes. El adhesivo fundido térmicamente se deposita en el material de soporte o sustrato de transferencia a temperaturas muy elevadas (superiores a 300 °F) y se solidifica antes de unirse al rollo. Las técnicas de emulsión emplean ingredientes adhesivos que se polimerizan en agua depositada en el material de soporte o sustrato de transferencia y posteriormente se secan. En una realización, la composición adhesiva recubierta puede ser reticulada con la ayuda de haces de electrones o energía ultravioleta (UV) utilizando métodos conocidos en la técnica. Por ejemplo, el reticulado del adhesivo utilizando energía UV requiere la adición de promotores UV apropiados (por ejemplo, fotoiniciadores, tales como peróxidos).
[0013] Se puede emplear cualquier técnica de recubrimiento conocida para aplicar el adhesivo. Entre los ejemplos de técnicas que se pueden utilizar se incluyen el recubrimiento por boquilla de ranura ancha, rodillo a rodillo, cuchilla a rodillo, cortina y calandrado.
[0014] En otra realización, se utiliza el refuerzo en forma de una banda, malla, correa o tela. El refuerzo puede desplegar las fibras de refuerzo aquí divulgadas en sentido bidireccional o unidireccional. Se pueden utilizar combinaciones de fibras de refuerzo en cualquier refuerzo o combinaciones de fibras de refuerzo y fibras que no necesariamente refuerzan sino que tienen por objeto unir el refuerzo. Por ejemplo, se puede preparar una malla con el filamento VECTRAN™ en la dirección de la urdimbre y el filamento de algodón o nailon en la dirección de la trama. Estos refuerzos se pueden incorporar a una cinta sensible a la presión. Alternativamente, el refuerzo se puede envolver sobre el elemento tubular o unirse directamente alrededor del mismo o del conducto sin incorporarse a una cinta y el elemento tubular o el conducto se puede recubrir con una o más capas de recubrimiento de polímero extruido. En otra realización, el filamento de refuerzo se puede formar sobre una fibra y envolverse o unirse directamente en el elemento tubular o conducto.
[0015] Un filamento divulgado es un filamento básicamente libre de elementos atómicos o especies moleculares que pueden verse debilitados o lixiviados en presencia de agua marina, suavizándose de este modo el carácter de refuerzo del filamento con el paso del tiempo. Un ejemplo de ello son los filamentos de olefina con un peso molecular extremadamente elevado (UHMW). Estos filamentos se caracterizan por estar básicamente libres de boro y fluoruros y son resistentes al lixiviado de iones metálicos como iones de calcio y magnesio del agua marina. Los filamentos de olefina UHMW útiles para la invención son comercializados por Honeywell y DSM.
[0016] Se divulgan filamentos de carbono. El carbono es sustancialmente resistente al álcali. Los filamentos de carbono son comercializados por Toray.
[0017] En la invención, se utilizan filamentos LCP. VECTRAN™ es un hilado multifilamento de alto rendimiento a base de polímero de cristal líquido (LCP), un poliéster completamente aromático, y proporciona una solidez y rigidez excepcionales. El filamento VECTRAN™ es distribuido por Kuraray America, Inc. VECTRAN™ es un copolímero de ácido p-hidroxibenzoico y ácido 6 hidroxi -2-naftoico. VECTRAN™ se encuentra disponible con un denier de 200 a 1500. Se ofrece con un filamento no enrollado o con filamento enrollado hasta 2,5 veces por pulgada. Cualquiera de estos filamentos disponibles en el mercado se puede utilizar conforme a la presente divulgación.
[0018] Los filamentos recubiertos son filamentos largos, finos y flexibles hechos de vidrio (por ejemplo, vidrio E), carbono, plástico o similares, donde el filamento está recubierto, cubierto o impregnado con materiales de
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protección, tales como, aunque sin limitación, laca, barniz, caucho o polímeros. En una realización de esta invención, los recubrimientos típicos adecuados para producir un filamento recubierto pueden contener composiciones como epoxi-poliamida (epoxis), isocianato-amina (poliureas), isocianato-poliol (poliuretanos), copolímero de acrilato (cianoacrilatos) y poliol-ácido (poliésteres). Estos recubrimientos se pueden utilizar conjuntamente con cualquiera de los filamentos anteriormente mencionados para mejorar la resistencia a la corrosión, en caso de que la resistencia a la corrosión del propio filamento no sea la adecuada. Los recubrimientos deben ser flexibles y aplicarse de manera uniforme sobre los filamentos, de forma que, al enrollar la cinta, no sean discontinuos y, por tanto, poco efectivos. Si se pone en riesgo la continuidad del recubrimiento, los filamentos quedarán expuestos a los agentes corrosivos. En una realización, el vidrio está recubierto con un recubrimiento polimérico. En otra realización, el vidrio E está recubierto con un recubrimiento polimérico. Nuestro recubrimiento en concreto:
[0019] se comercializa bajo la designación Genflo3000, un látex de estireno-butadieno carboxilado comercializado por Omnova Solutions, Inc.
[0020] De acuerdo con otra realización de la invención, se pueden utilizar combinaciones de filamentos en el material de refuerzo o cinta. Según una realización de la invención, los filamentos de vidrio E se pueden envolver con vidrio de clase S-2, vidrio de carbono, VECTRAN™, y/o filamentos Spectra. A pesar de que los filamentos de vidrio E no son resistentes a la corrosión como los demás filamentos anteriormente mencionados, su uso puede ofrecer ventajas en términos de costes en determinadas aplicaciones, dado que por lo general son más baratos que el filamento ECR. Cuando se utilizan filamentos combinados de acuerdo con esta realización de la invención, estos deben emplearse en cualquier orientación adecuada. Por ejemplo, se puede orientar un filamento en paralelo a la cinta y el otro filamento perpendicular a la misma; se pueden orientar las mezclas de ambos filamentos en paralelo y perpendiculares a la cinta; y también se pueden orientar los filamentos con cualquier ángulo entre paralelo y ortogonal.
[0021] Estos filamentos se incorporarán a la cinta en una cantidad que proporcione las características de solidez deseadas, por ejemplo, resistencia a la tensión. Se pueden utilizar filamentos con un diámetro o denier disponible en el mercado. En una realización, los filamentos están orientados en una dirección paralela a la longitud de la cinta. Sin embargo, se pueden orientar en dirección transversal, en sentido transversal y longitudinal, como en las mallas, telas y compuestos, o con cualquier ángulo que resulte apropiado para tal fin. En algunas aplicaciones también puede resultar aceptable una orientación aleatoria. Para incrementar la resistencia a la tensión, los filamentos pueden estar enrollados. Por ejemplo, el filamento VECTRAN™ de 1500 denier sin enrollar tiene una resistencia a la tensión media de 81 libras/cadena, mientras que un filamento VECTRAN™ enrollado 1,5 veces por pulgada (TWI) ofrece una resistencia a la tensión media de 89 libras/pulgada. Los filamentos VECTRAN™ se pueden utilizar en cantidades de 10 EPI o superiores, más concretamente de 20 EPI o superiores.
[0022] De acuerdo con otra realización, la invención proporciona un método para agrupar elementos tubulares o conductos para aplicaciones submarinas. De acuerdo con esta invención, los elementos tubulares o conductos se envuelven en una o más capas de cintas reforzadas con filamentos y/o bandas, telas o refuerzos de fibra descritos en el presente.
[0023] Estas cintas y materiales de refuerzo se pueden envolver con una o más capas que se solapan de forma parcial o sustancial. En una realización concreta, se envuelven dos cintas reforzadas con filamentos alrededor del paquete de elementos en direcciones opuestas, de forma que los filamentos de refuerzo de las respectivas cintas se cruzan, reforzando así el producto del paquete de conductos. Se pueden emplear técnicas similares en la fabricación de conductos, utilizando cintas reforzadas con filamentos y materiales de refuerzo según la invención. Es decir, que la cinta reforzada con filamentos se puede envolver alrededor del conducto en la parte intermedia de su estructura. La cinta se puede solapar de forma parcial o sustancialmente completa o, en otra realización, se pueden envolver dos cintas alrededor de la estructura intermedia en direcciones opuestas (o en una pluralidad de direcciones diferentes), al objeto de que los filamentos de refuerzo se entrecrucen. El número de capas dependerá de la cantidad de filamentos incorporados a la cinta y de las características de resistencia/tensión deseadas del producto final.
[0024] El conducto reforzado está cubierto típicamente por uno o más recubrimientos de polímeros. Estos recubrimientos están típicamente extruidos sobre el conducto reforzado. Algunos ejemplos de recubrimientos extruidos son conocidos en la técnica e incluyen polímeros tales como HDPE, PVDF, etc.
EJEMPLO
[0025] De acuerdo con un ejemplo ofrecido únicamente a título ilustrativo, se prepara una cinta utilizando un tejido de base de poliéster de calibre 92 y filamentos VECTRAN enrollados de 1500 denier orientados en paralelo a la longitud de la cinta. Los filamentos se adhieren al tejido de base mediante la aplicación de un adhesivo de caucho natural reticulado. Más concretamente, los filamentos se unen al tejido de base de PET y este conjunto es recubierto con una capa de laminación de adhesivo. En este ejemplo, el adhesivo de laminación es una base NR, 40% de sólidos, que se aplica con una cobertura de 16 libras/resma. El adhesivo de laminación se seca y la cinta queda recubierta con una capa de acabado adhesiva. En este ejemplo, la capa de acabado se aplicó en dos recubrimientos. Cada recubrimiento consistía en el mismo adhesivo NR con un 40% de sólidos empleado en el proceso de laminación, pero aplicado en una cantidad de 21 libras/resma para un recubrimiento adhesivo total de la
E07875185
11-08-2015
capa de acabado de 42 libras/resma. A continuación se aplicó el revestimiento extraíble en la cara opuesta del tejido de base PET, en forma de un recubrimiento con un 1% de sólidos con un peso en seco de 0,02 libras/resma. El revestimiento extraíble utilizado en este ejemplo es un agente extraíble Quilon (QBX). De acuerdo con una realización, la cinta descrita en este ejemplo se fabricó utilizando filamentos VECTRAN™ de 14 EPI (extremos por 5 pulgada). En otra realización, la cinta descrita se fabricó utilizando filamentos VECTRAN™ de 21 EPI. La cinta de 14 EPI ofrecía una resistencia a la tensión inicial de 1000 libras/pulgada. La cinta de 21 EPI ofrecía una resistencia a la tensión inicial de 1800 libras/pulgada. Ambas cintas se testaron en agua marina a 70 °C bajo carga estática para elaborar una curva de regresión del logaritmo de tiempo-logaritmo de carga, al objeto de extrapolar la solidez de la cinta a 25 años. El ensayo demostró que la cinta de 14 EPI mantenía una resistencia a la carga de 414
10 libras/pulgada durante 25 años, mientras que la cinta de 21 EPI mantenía una resistencia a la carga de 625 libras/pulgada.
[0026] Habiendo descrito la invención de forma detallada y por referencia a realizaciones concretas de la misma, resultará evidente que se pueden introducir numerosas modificaciones sin apartarse del contenido y del ámbito de aplicación de las reivindicaciones siguientes.
15
20

Claims (14)

  1. 5
    10
    15
    20
    25
    30
    REIVINDICACIONES
    1.
    Una cinta resistente al agua marina y sensible a la presión que comprende un tejido de base, una capa de filamentos LCP sobre una superficie del tejido de base y una capa adhesiva sensible a la presión que recubre los filamentos y los une al tejido de base.
  2. 2.
    La cinta de la Reivindicación 2 donde el filamento LCP es un filamento de poliéster de ácido 2-naftaleno-6 carboxílico y ácido 4-hidroxi benzoico.
  3. 3.
    La cinta de cualquiera de las Reivindicaciones precedentes que incluye adicionalmente una capa extraíble sobre la superficie del tejido de base opuesta a los filamentos.
  4. 4.
    La cinta de la Reivindicación 1, donde la cinta ofrece una resistencia a la tensión inicial de al menos 1000 libras/pulgada.
  5. 5.
    La cinta de la Reivindicación 4, donde la cinta ofrece una resistencia a la tensión inicial de al menos 1500 libras/pulgada.
  6. 6.
    La cinta de la Reivindicación 5, donde la cinta ofrece una resistencia a la tensión inicial de al menos 1800 libras/pulgada.
  7. 7.
    La cinta de cualquiera de las Reivindicaciones precedentes donde los filamentos están enrollados.
  8. 8.
    La cinta de cualquiera de las Reivindicaciones precedentes donde los filamentos tienen un denier de entre 200 y 1500 aproximadamente.
  9. 9.
    La cinta de cualquiera de las Reivindicaciones precedentes donde los filamentos están dispuestos sobre el tejido de base en una cantidad de al menos 10 EPI.
  10. 10.
    La cinta de la Reivindicación 9 donde los filamentos están dispuestos sobre el tejido de base en una cantidad de al menos 20 EPI.
  11. 11.
    Un elemento para su uso en aplicaciones submarinas que comprende al menos un elemento tubular envuelto en una cinta de acuerdo con cualquiera de las Reivindicaciones precedentes.
  12. 12.
    El elemento de la Reivindicación 11 donde se envuelve una pluralidad de conductos en una cinta reforzada con filamentos LCP.
  13. 13.
    Se proporciona un método para construir un elemento que se colocará en un medio submarino, que consiste en lo siguiente: proporcionar al menos un elemento tubular; enrollar un hilo de refuerzo sobre el elemento o los elementos tubulares;
    y enrollar un material reforzado con filamentos resistentes a la corrosión sobre el hilo de refuerzo; y recubrir el elemento o los elementos reforzados con filamentos con una capa de polímero extruido, donde el material es una cinta de acuerdo con cualesquiera de las Reivindicaciones 1 a 10.
  14. 14.
    El método de la Reivindicación 13, donde el elemento o los elementos son conductos.
    6
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