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ES2425944T3 - Procedure and installation of air separation by cryogenic distillation - Google Patents

Procedure and installation of air separation by cryogenic distillation Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2425944T3
ES2425944T3 ES05717658T ES05717658T ES2425944T3 ES 2425944 T3 ES2425944 T3 ES 2425944T3 ES 05717658 T ES05717658 T ES 05717658T ES 05717658 T ES05717658 T ES 05717658T ES 2425944 T3 ES2425944 T3 ES 2425944T3
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Spain
Prior art keywords
air
column
pressure
turbines
exchange line
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Expired - Lifetime
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ES05717658T
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Spanish (es)
Inventor
Patrick Le Bot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
    • F25J3/04054—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams of air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F25J3/04169—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities
    • F25J3/04175—Hot end purification of the feed air by adsorption of the impurities at a pressure of substantially more than the highest pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04387—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using liquid or hydraulic turbine expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/0446—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the heat generated by mixing two different phases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/0446—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the heat generated by mixing two different phases
    • F25J3/04466—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the heat generated by mixing two different phases for producing oxygen as a mixing column overhead gas by mixing gaseous air feed and liquid oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/04—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J2200/06—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flow-sheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/50—Oxygen or special cases, e.g. isotope-mixtures or low purity O2
    • F25J2215/52—Oxygen production with multiple purity O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/50—Oxygen or special cases, e.g. isotope-mixtures or low purity O2
    • F25J2215/54—Oxygen production with multiple pressure O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/04—Multiple expansion turbines in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/10—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being air

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

Procedimiento de separación por destilación criogénica en una instalación que comprende una doble o triplecolumna (100, 200) de separación de aire, en la que la columna que funciona a la presión más elevada (100)funciona a una presión denominada media presión, una línea de intercambio (9) y, además de la doble o triplecolumna, una columna de mezcla (300), en el cual: a) todo el aire es llevado a una alta presión, eventualmente superior al menos en 5 bares a la media presión, yeventualmente depurado a esta alta presión, b) una parte del caudal de aire depurado es enfriada en la línea de intercambio y a continuación es dividida en dosfracciones, c) cada fracción se expande en una turbina (17, 19), d) la presión de admisión de las dos turbinas, respectivamente las presiones de las dos turbinas, son superiores almenos en 5 bares a la media presión, e) la presión de impulsión de al menos una de las dos turbinas es sensiblemente igual a la media presión, f) se envía al menos una parte del aire expandido en al menos una de las turbinas a la columna de media presión deuna doble o triple columna, g) un sobrecompresor frío (23) unido mecánicamente a una de las turbinas de expansión aspira aire, que haexperimentado un enfriamiento en la línea de intercambio, e impulsa aire a una temperatura superior a latemperatura de admisión, y el fluido así comprimido es reintroducido en la línea de intercambio en la cual al menosuna parte del fluido se condensa o seudocondensa, h) al menos un líquido presurizado que proviene de una de las columnas es (seudo) vaporizado en la línea deintercambio a una temperatura de vaporización, y i) la turbina (17) no acoplada al sobrecompresor frío está acoplada a un sobrecompresor (5) seguido de unrefrigerante,y eventualmente j) la temperatura de aspiración del sobrecompresor frío (23) es próxima a la temperatura de vaporización oseudovaporización del líquido, y k) aire que proviene de al menos una de las turbinas (17, 19) es enviado a la columna de mezcla, eventualmentedespués de haber transitado por la columna de media presión (100) o aire (123) al menos a la alta presión esenviado a un hervidor de cuba (301) de la columna de mezcla (300) en la que se condensa al menos parcialmenteantes de ser enviado a la doble o triple columna.Cryogenic distillation separation procedure in an installation comprising a double or triple column (100, 200) of air separation, in which the column operating at the highest pressure (100) operates at a pressure called medium pressure, a line of exchange (9) and, in addition to the double or triple column, a mixing column (300), in which: a) all air is brought to a high pressure, possibly greater than at least 5 bars at medium pressure, and possibly purified at this high pressure, b) a part of the flow of purified air is cooled in the exchange line and then divided into two fractions, c) each fraction expands into a turbine (17, 19), d) the pressure of admission of the two turbines, respectively the pressures of the two turbines, are at least 5 bar higher than the average pressure, e) the discharge pressure of at least one of the two turbines is substantially equal to the average pressure, f) send to l at least a part of the air expanded in at least one of the turbines to the double or triple column medium pressure column, g) a cold supercharger (23) mechanically attached to one of the expansion turbines sucks air, which has experienced cooling in the exchange line, and drives air at a temperature higher than the intake temperature, and the fluid thus compressed is reintroduced into the exchange line in which at least a part of the fluid condenses or pseudocondens, h) at least one pressurized liquid which comes from one of the columns is (pseudo) vaporized in the exchange line at a vaporization temperature, and i) the turbine (17) not coupled to the cold supercharger is coupled to an overcharger (5) followed by a refrigerant, and eventually j) the suction temperature of the cold supercharger (23) is close to the vaporization temperature or liquid vaporization, and k) air that comes from at least one of the turbines nas (17, 19) is sent to the mixing column, possibly after having traveled through the medium pressure column (100) or air (123) at least at the high pressure is sent to a kettle kettle (301) of the column of mixture (300) in which it condenses at least partially before being sent to the double or triple column.

Description

Procedimiento e instalación de separación de aire por destilación criogénica. Procedure and installation of air separation by cryogenic distillation.

La presente invención es relativa a un procedimiento y a una instalación de separación de aire por destilación criogénica. The present invention is related to a process and to a cryogenic distillation air separation installation.

Es conocido producir un gas del aire a presión por vaporización de líquido presurizado en una línea de intercambio de un aparato de separación de aire por intercambio de calor con un gas comprimido a partir de una temperatura criogénica. Aparatos de este tipo son conocidos por los documentos FR-A-2688052, EP-A-0644388, EP-A-1014020 y FR-A-2851330. It is known to produce a pressurized air gas by vaporization of pressurized liquid in an exchange line of an air separation apparatus by heat exchange with a compressed gas from a cryogenic temperature. Apparatus of this type is known from FR-A-2688052, EP-A-0644388, EP-A-1014020 and FR-A-2851330.

La eficiencia energética de los aparatos conocidos no es excelente porque hay que evacuar las entradas térmicas ligadas a la compresión criogénica. The energy efficiency of known devices is not excellent because you have to evacuate the thermal inputs linked to cryogenic compression.

Además, en los esquemas tales como el de la Figura 7 del documento US-A-5475980, el conjunto de la turbina acoplada al sobrecompresor frío está asociado a un sistema de disipación de energía (freno de aceite), integrado en el eje de las máquinas y limitado tecnológicamente a pequeñas potencias (del orden de 70 kW). Por otra parte, en los esquemas de la figura 4, el aire de alimentación es expandido en dos turbinas después de haber sido separado en dos partes aguas arriba de la línea de intercambio principal. Además, este esquema no prevé columna de mezcla. In addition, in the schemes such as that of Figure 7 of US-A-5475980, the turbine assembly coupled to the cold supercharger is associated with an energy dissipation system (oil brake), integrated in the axis of the machines and technologically limited to small powers (of the order of 70 kW). On the other hand, in the diagrams of Figure 4, the feed air is expanded in two turbines after having been separated into two parts upstream of the main exchange line. In addition, this scheme does not provide for a mixing column.

No obstante, este tipo de procedimiento parece tener un interés económico, en particular cuando la energía es poco valorizada o disponible a bajo coste. Así pues, es potencialmente interesante poder liberarse del límite tecnológico del freno de aceite integrado en el eje del conjunto turbina/propulsor. La aplicación internacional WO-A-2004/099690 publicada el 18.11.2004 describe un procedimiento similar con una doble columna y una sobrepresión criogénica en una parte del aire que alimenta a la doble columna. Sin embargo, este documento no propone integrar una columna de mezcla en este procedimiento. However, this type of procedure seems to have an economic interest, particularly when energy is poorly valued or available at low cost. Thus, it is potentially interesting to be able to free yourself from the technological limit of the oil brake integrated in the axis of the turbine / propeller assembly. International application WO-A-2004/099690 published on 18.11.2004 describes a similar procedure with a double column and a cryogenic overpressure in a part of the air that feeds the double column. However, this document does not propose to integrate a mixing column into this procedure.

Un objetivo de la invención es proponer una alternativa que permita realizar esquemas de procedimiento con sobrecompresor frío sin sistema de disipación de energía integrado en el eje turbina sobrecompresor, y por tanto prever utilizar este esquema prácticamente en todos los tamaños de aparatos de separación de aire. An objective of the invention is to propose an alternative that allows to carry out procedure schemes with a cold over-compressor without an energy dissipation system integrated in the over-compressor turbine shaft, and therefore to plan to use this scheme in practically all sizes of air separation devices.

De acuerdo con la presente invención, está previsto un procedimiento de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1. In accordance with the present invention, a method according to claim 1 is provided.

De acuerdo con otros aspectos facultativos de la invención: In accordance with other optional aspects of the invention:

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el aire enviado al menos a una de las turbinas aguas arriba de la columna de mezcla proviene del sobrecompresor distinto del sobrecompresor frío y sale de este sobrecompresor a una presión superior a la alta presión.  The air sent to at least one of the turbines upstream of the mixing column comes from the over-compressor other than the cold over-compressor and leaves this over-compressor at a pressure higher than the high pressure.

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el aire que proviene de al menos una de las turbinas es enviado a la cuba de la columna de mezcla para participar en el intercambio de materia.  The air that comes from at least one of the turbines is sent to the tank of the mixing column to participate in the exchange of matter.

De acuerdo con otro aspecto de la invención, está prevista una instalación de acuerdo con la reivindicación 4. According to another aspect of the invention, an installation according to claim 4 is provided.

De acuerdo con otros aspectos facultativos, la instalación comprende, In accordance with other optional aspects, the installation includes,

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medios para enviar una parte del aire comprimido en el sobrecompresor que constituye el medio de disipación de energía o que forma parte del mismo al menos a una turbina de expansión aguas arriba de la columna de mezcla,  means for sending a part of the compressed air into the supercharger that constitutes the energy dissipation means or that is part of it at least to an expansion turbine upstream of the mixing column,

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medios para enviar el aire que proviene de al menos una de las turbinas a la cuba de la columna de mezcla para participar en el intercambio de materia.  means for sending the air that comes from at least one of the turbines to the tank of the mixing column to participate in the exchange of matter.

Se utilizará una turbina complementaria, que funcione en paralelo con la turbina del primer conjunto turbina sobrecompresor, y equipada con su propio sistema de disipación de energía. Favorablemente, este sistema será un sobrecompresor seguido de un refrigerante de agua instalado en la parte caliente. A complementary turbine will be used, which runs in parallel with the turbine of the first overcompressor turbine assembly, and equipped with its own energy dissipation system. Favorably, this system will be an overcharger followed by a water coolant installed in the hot part.

« Próximas en términos de presión » quiere decir que las presiones difieren como mucho en 5 bares, preferentemente como mucho en 2 bares. « Próximas en términos de temperatura » quiere decir que las temperaturas defieren como mucho en 15 ºC, preferentemente como mucho en 10 ºC. "Next in terms of pressure" means that the pressures differ by 5 bars, preferably at most 2 bars. "Next in terms of temperature" means that temperatures defend at most at 15 ° C, preferably at most at 10 ° C.

Un sobrecompresor es un compresor de una sola etapa. An overcompressor is a single stage compressor.

Todas las presiones mencionadas son presiones absolutas. All mentioned pressures are absolute pressures.

El término « condensación » comprende la seudo condensación. El término « vaporización » comprende la seudo vaporización. The term "condensation" includes pseudo condensation. The term "vaporization" comprises pseudo vaporization.

Esta invención se distingue del documento US-A-5 475 980 en el sentido que en la Figura 4 (turbina 9 opcional), las dos turbinas 8, 32 aspiran a presiones muy diferenciadas, siendo la diferencia de al menos 14 bares y en la Figura 5, la diferencia de presiones es de aproximadamente 13 bares y una turbina evacua a la baja presión, lo que es penalizante para el oxígeno puro. This invention is distinguished from US-A-5 475 980 in the sense that in Figure 4 (optional turbine 9), the two turbines 8, 32 aspire to very different pressures, the difference being at least 14 bars and in the Figure 5, the pressure difference is approximately 13 bar and a turbine evacuates at low pressure, which is penalizing pure oxygen.

La invención se describirá más en detalle refiriéndose a las figuras, en las cuales: The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figures, in which:

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Las figuras 1 y 2 representan un aparato de separación de aire de acuerdo con la invención.  Figures 1 and 2 represent an air separation apparatus according to the invention.

En la Figura 1, un caudal de aire a la presión atmosférica es comprimido aproximadamente a 15 bares en un compresor principal (no ilustrado). A continuación, el aire es eventualmente enfriado, antes de ser depurado para eliminar las impurezas (no ilustrado). El aire depurado es divido en dos. Una parte del aire 3 es enviada a un sobrecompresor 5 en el que es comprimida hasta una presión de entre 17 bares y 20 bares y a continuación el aire sobrecomprimido es enfriado por un refrigerante de agua 7 antes de ser enviado al extremo caliente de la línea de intercambio principal 9 del aparato de separación de aire. El aire sobrecomprimido 11 se enfría hasta una temperatura intermedia antes de salir de la línea de intercambio y de ser dividido en dos fracciones. Evidentemente, es posible que una fracción del caudal 11 continúa su enfriamiento hasta el extremo frío de la línea de intercambio 9 de la que saldrá licuado. Una fracción 13 en enviada a una turbina 17 y el resto, una fracción 15 es enviada a un turbina 19. Las dos turbinas tienen la misma temperatura y presión de aspiración y la misma temperatura y presión de salida, pero evidentemente es posible que estas temperaturas y presión sean próximas una a otra en lugar de ser idénticas. Los dos caudales pasados por turbina son mezclados para formar un caudal 21 de aire del cual una parte 121 es enviada hacia la doble columna y el resto 122 hacia la columna de mezcla 300. El caudal 122 constituye una parte del caudal 21 o eventualmente una fracción de la parte gaseosa del caudal 21 en el caso en que éste sea difásico. Evidentemente, es posible enviar todo el caudal 21 a la columna de media presión 100 y sacar de ella una parte gaseosa 122 para envío a la columna de mezcla, reemplazando en este caso la columna de media presión, al separador de fases. Las presiones de la columna de media presión y de la columna de mezcla pueden ser diferentes. En variante, la turbina 19 puede ser una turbina de insuflación que desemboca a la presión de la columna de baja presión. In Figure 1, an air flow at atmospheric pressure is compressed at approximately 15 bar in a main compressor (not shown). Next, the air is eventually cooled, before being purified to remove impurities (not shown). The purified air is divided in two. A part of the air 3 is sent to an overcompressor 5 in which it is compressed to a pressure of between 17 bars and 20 bars and then the overcompressed air is cooled by a water refrigerant 7 before being sent to the hot end of the line. main exchange 9 of the air separation apparatus. The overcompressed air 11 is cooled to an intermediate temperature before leaving the exchange line and being divided into two fractions. Obviously, it is possible that a fraction of the flow 11 continues to cool to the cold end of the exchange line 9 from which it will be liquefied. A fraction 13 sent to a turbine 17 and the rest, a fraction 15 is sent to a turbine 19. The two turbines have the same temperature and suction pressure and the same temperature and outlet pressure, but obviously it is possible that these temperatures and pressure be close to each other instead of being identical. The two turbine flow rates are mixed to form an air flow 21 of which a part 121 is sent to the double column and the rest 122 to the mixing column 300. The flow 122 constitutes a part of the flow 21 or possibly a fraction of the gaseous part of the flow 21 in the case where it is diphasic. Obviously, it is possible to send all the flow 21 to the medium pressure column 100 and take out a gaseous part 122 for shipment to the mixing column, replacing in this case the medium pressure column, to the phase separator. The pressures of the medium pressure column and the mixing column may be different. In a variant, the turbine 19 can be an insufflation turbine that leads to the pressure of the low pressure column.

Otra parte 2 del aire a 15 bares que constituye el resto del aire es enfriada en la línea de intercambio a una temperatura intermedia superior a la temperatura de aspiración de las turbinas 17, 19, comprimida en un segundo sobrecompresor 23 hasta aproximadamente 30 bares y reintroducida en la línea de intercambio 9 a una temperatura más elevada a fin de continuar su enfriamiento. Another part 2 of the 15 bar air that constitutes the rest of the air is cooled in the exchange line to an intermediate temperature higher than the suction temperature of the turbines 17, 19, compressed in a second supercharger 23 to about 30 bar and reintroduced in the exchange line 9 at a higher temperature in order to continue cooling.

Así, el aire 37 aproximadamente a 30 bares se licua en la línea de intercambio y el oxígeno líquido 25 se vaporiza en la línea de intercambio, siendo la temperatura de de vaporización del líquido próxima a la temperatura de aspiración del segundo sobrecompresor 23. El aire licuado sale de la línea de intercambio y es enviado hacia el sistema de columnas. Thus, the air 37 at approximately 30 bar is liquefied in the exchange line and the liquid oxygen 25 is vaporized in the exchange line, the vaporization temperature of the liquid being close to the aspiration temperature of the second supercharger 23. The air smoothie leaves the exchange line and is sent to the column system.

Un caudal de nitrógeno residual 27 se recalienta en la línea de intercambio 9. A residual nitrogen flow rate 27 is reheated in the exchange line 9.

El primer sobrecompresor 5 está acoplado con una de las turbinas 17, 19 y el segundo sobrecompresor 23 está acoplado con la otra de las turbinas 19, 17. The first supercharger 5 is coupled with one of the turbines 17, 19 and the second overcharger 23 is coupled with the other of the turbines 19, 17.

El sistema de columnas de un aparato de separación de aire está constituido por una columna de media presión 100 unida térmicamente con una columna de baja presión 200 con minarete, una columna de mezcla 300 y una columna de argón opcional (no ilustrada). La columna de baja presión no comprende obligatoriamente minarete. The column system of an air separation apparatus is constituted by a medium pressure column 100 thermally joined with a low pressure column 200 with a minaret, a mixing column 300 and an optional argon column (not shown). The low pressure column does not necessarily include minaret.

La columna de media presión funciona a una presión de 5,5 bares, pero puede funcionar a una presión más elevada. The medium pressure column operates at a pressure of 5.5 bar, but can operate at a higher pressure.

El aire 121 que proviene de las dos turbinas 17, 19 es el caudal enviado a la cuba de la columna de media presión The air 121 that comes from the two turbines 17, 19 is the flow rate sent to the tank of the medium pressure column

100. 100

El aire licuado 37 es expandido en la válvula 39 o eventualmente en una turbina y enviado al sistema de columnas. The liquefied air 37 is expanded in the valve 39 or possibly in a turbine and sent to the column system.

Líquido rico 51, líquido pobre inferior 53 y líquido pobre superior 55 son enviados desde la columna de media presión 100 hacia la columna de baja presión 200 después de las etapas de expansión en válvulas y de subenfriamiento. Rich liquid 51, lower poor liquid 53 and upper poor liquid 55 are sent from the medium pressure column 100 to the low pressure column 200 after the expansion stages in valves and subcooling.

Oxígeno líquido es presurizado por la bomba 500 y enviado como líquido presurizado 25 hacia la línea de intercambio 9. Otros líquidos, presurizados o no, pueden vaporizarse en la línea de intercambio. Liquid oxygen is pressurized by the pump 500 and sent as pressurized liquid 25 to the exchange line 9. Other liquids, pressurized or not, can be vaporized in the exchange line.

Nitrógeno gaseoso es opcionalmente trasvasado de la columna de media presión y se enfría igualmente en la línea de intercambio 9. Nitrogen gas is optionally transferred from the medium pressure column and is also cooled in the exchange line 9.

Nitrógeno 33 es trasvasado en la cabeza de la columna de baja presión y se recalienta en la línea de intercambio, después de haber servido para subenfriar los líquidos de reflujo. Nitrogen 33 is transferred to the head of the low pressure column and is reheated in the exchange line, after having served to subcool the reflux liquids.

Nitrógeno residual 27 es trasvasado de un nivel inferior de la columna de baja presión y se recalienta en la línea de intercambio, después de haber servido para subenfriar los líquidos de reflujo. Residual nitrogen 27 is transferred from a lower level of the low pressure column and is reheated in the exchange line, after having served to subcool the reflux liquids.

Eventualmente, la columna puede producir argón tratando un caudal 51 trasvasado en la columna de baja presión Eventually, the column can produce argon by treating a flow 51 transferred in the low pressure column

200. El caudal 52 es el líquido de cuba reenviado de la columna de argón, si ésta existe. 200. The flow rate 52 is the vessel liquid forwarded from the argon column, if it exists.

La columna de mezcla 300 es alimentada en cabeza por un líquido 35 rico en oxígeno trasvasado en un nivel intermedio de la columna de baja presión 200 presurizado por la bomba 600 y en cuba por un caudal de aire gaseoso 122 que proviene de la turbinas 17, 19. La columna de mezcla funciona esencialmente a media presión. The mixing column 300 is fed at the top by an oxygen-rich liquid 35 transferred at an intermediate level of the low pressure column 200 pressurized by the pump 600 and in the tank by a flow of gaseous air 122 that comes from the turbines 17, 19. The mixing column works essentially at medium pressure.

Un caudal de oxígeno gaseoso 37 es trasvaso en la cabeza de la columna de mezcla y a continuación se recalienta en la línea de intercambio 9 y un caudal líquido 41 es trasvasado en la cuba y enviado a la columna de baja presión después de la expansión en una válvula. Es posible trasvasar un caudal intermedio de la columna 300 que es enviado a la columna de baja presión. A gaseous oxygen flow rate 37 is transferred to the head of the mixing column and then reheated in the exchange line 9 and a liquid flow rate 41 is transferred into the tank and sent to the low pressure column after expansion in a valve. It is possible to transfer an intermediate flow of column 300 which is sent to the low pressure column.

En la Figura 2, un caudal de aire a la presión atmosférica es comprimido aproximadamente a 15 bares en un compresor principal (no ilustrado). A continuación, el aire es eventualmente enfriado, antes de ser depurado para eliminar las impurezas (no ilustrado). El aire depurado es dividido en dos. Una parte del aire 3 es enviada a un sobrecompresor 5 donde ésta es comprimida hasta una presión de entre 17 bares y 20 bares y a continuación el aire sobrecomprimido es enfriado por un refrigerante de agua 7 antes de ser enviado al extremo caliente de la línea de intercambio principal 9 del aparato de separación de aire. El aire sobrecomprimido 11 se enfría hasta una temperatura intermedia antes de ser dividido en dos fracciones 103, 123. La fracción 103 sale de la línea de intercambio y es dividida de nuevo en dos fracciones. Una fracción 13 es enviada a una turbina 17 y el resto, una fracción 15 es enviada a una turbina 19. Las dos turbinas tienen la misma temperatura y presión de aspiración y la misma temperatura y presión de salida, pero evidentemente es posible que estas temperaturas y presión sean próximas una a otra en lugar de ser idénticas. Los dos caudales pasados por turbina son mezclados para formar un caudal 21 de aire y enviados hacia la doble columna. En variante, la turbina 19 puede ser una turbina de insuflación que desemboca a la presión de la columna de baja presión. In Figure 2, an air flow at atmospheric pressure is compressed at approximately 15 bar in a main compressor (not shown). Next, the air is eventually cooled, before being purified to remove impurities (not shown). The purified air is divided in two. A part of the air 3 is sent to an overcompressor 5 where it is compressed to a pressure between 17 bars and 20 bars and then the overcompressed air is cooled by a water refrigerant 7 before being sent to the hot end of the exchange line main 9 of the air separation apparatus. The overcompressed air 11 is cooled to an intermediate temperature before being divided into two fractions 103, 123. Fraction 103 leaves the exchange line and is again divided into two fractions. A fraction 13 is sent to a turbine 17 and the rest, a fraction 15 is sent to a turbine 19. The two turbines have the same temperature and suction pressure and the same temperature and outlet pressure, but obviously it is possible that these temperatures and pressure be close to each other instead of being identical. The two turbine flow rates are mixed to form a flow 21 of air and sent to the double column. In a variant, the turbine 19 can be an insufflation turbine that leads to the pressure of the low pressure column.

La fracción 123 continúa su enfriamiento en la línea de intercambio 9 y sale aguas arriba del extremo frío para ser enviada al hervidor de cuba 301 de la columna de mezcla 300 donde la fracción se condensa al menos parcialmente para formar el caudal 125. The fraction 123 continues its cooling in the exchange line 9 and leaves upstream of the cold end to be sent to the kettle 301 of the mixing column 300 where the fraction condenses at least partially to form the flow 125.

Otra parte 2 del aire a 15 bares que constituye el resto del aire es enfriada en la línea de intercambio a una temperatura intermedia superior a la temperatura de aspiración de las turbinas 17, 19, comprimida en un segundo sobrecompresor 23 hasta aproximadamente 30 bares y reintroducida en la línea de intercambio 9 a una temperatura más elevada a fin de continuar su enfriamiento. Another part 2 of the 15 bar air that constitutes the rest of the air is cooled in the exchange line to an intermediate temperature higher than the suction temperature of the turbines 17, 19, compressed in a second supercharger 23 to about 30 bar and reintroduced in the exchange line 9 at a higher temperature in order to continue cooling.

Así, el aire 37 aproximadamente a 30 bares se licua en la línea de intercambio y el oxígeno líquido 25 se vaporiza en la línea de intercambio, siendo la temperatura de vaporización del líquido próxima a la temperatura de aspiración del segundo sobrecompresor 23. El aire licuado sale de la línea de intercambio y es enviado hacia el sistema de columnas después de ser mezclado con el aire líquido 125 que proviene del hervidor 301. Thus, the air 37 at approximately 30 bar is liquefied in the exchange line and the liquid oxygen 25 is vaporized in the exchange line, the vaporization temperature of the liquid being close to the aspiration temperature of the second supercharger 23. The liquefied air leaves the exchange line and is sent to the column system after being mixed with the liquid air 125 that comes from the kettle 301.

Un caudal de nitrógeno residual 27 se recalienta en la línea de intercambio 9. A residual nitrogen flow rate 27 is reheated in the exchange line 9.

El primer sobrecompresor 5 está acoplado con una de las turbinas 17, 19 y el segundo sobrecompresor 23 está acoplado con la otra de las turbinas 19, 17. The first supercharger 5 is coupled with one of the turbines 17, 19 and the second overcharger 23 is coupled with the other of the turbines 19, 17.

El sistema de columnas de un aparato de separación de aire está constituido por una columna de media presión 100 unida térmicamente con una columna de baja presión 200 con minarete, una columna de mezcla 300 y una columna de argón opcional (no ilustrada). La columna de baja presión no comprende obligatoriamente minarete. The column system of an air separation apparatus is constituted by a medium pressure column 100 thermally joined with a low pressure column 200 with a minaret, a mixing column 300 and an optional argon column (not shown). The low pressure column does not necessarily include minaret.

La columna de media presión funciona a una presión de 5,5 bares, pero puede funcionar a una presión más elevada. The medium pressure column operates at a pressure of 5.5 bar, but can operate at a higher pressure.

El aire gaseoso 121 que proviene de las dos turbinas 17, 19 es el caudal enviado a la cuba de la columna de media presión 100. The gaseous air 121 that comes from the two turbines 17, 19 is the flow rate sent to the tank of the medium pressure column 100.

El aire licuado 37 es expandido en la válvula 39 y enviado al menos a la columna de media presión 100. The liquefied air 37 is expanded in the valve 39 and sent at least to the medium pressure column 100.

Líquido rico 51, líquido pobre inferior 53 y líquido pobre superior 55 son enviados desde la columna de media presión 100 hacia la columna de baja presión 200 después de las etapas de expansión en válvulas y de subenfriamiento. Rich liquid 51, lower poor liquid 53 and upper poor liquid 55 are sent from the medium pressure column 100 to the low pressure column 200 after the expansion stages in valves and subcooling.

Oxígeno líquido es presurizado por la bomba 500 y enviado como líquido presurizado 25 hacia la línea de intercambio 9. En la línea de intercambio pueden vaporizarse además o alternativamente otros líquidos, presurizados o no. Liquid oxygen is pressurized by the pump 500 and sent as pressurized liquid 25 towards the exchange line 9. In the exchange line, other liquids, pressurized or not, can also be vaporized.

Nitrógeno gaseoso es opcionalmente trasvasado de la columna de media presión y se enfría igualmente en la línea de intercambio 9. Nitrogen gas is optionally transferred from the medium pressure column and is also cooled in the exchange line 9.

Nitrógeno 33 es trasvasado en la cabeza de la columna de baja presión y se recalienta en la línea de intercambio, después de haber servido para subenfriar los líquidos de reflujo. Nitrogen 33 is transferred to the head of the low pressure column and is reheated in the exchange line, after having served to subcool the reflux liquids.

5 Nitrógeno residual 27 es trasvasado de un nivel inferior de la columna de baja presión y se recalienta en la línea de intercambio, después de haber servido para subenfriar los líquidos de reflujo. 5 Residual nitrogen 27 is transferred from a lower level of the low pressure column and is reheated in the exchange line, after having served to subcool the reflux liquids.

La columna puede producir eventualmente argón tratando un caudal 51 trasvasado en la columna de baja presión The column may eventually produce argon by treating a flow 51 transferred in the low pressure column.

200. 200.

La columna de mezcla 300 es alimentada únicamente en cabeza por un líquido 35 rico en oxígeno trasvasado a un The mixing column 300 is fed only at the head by an oxygen-rich liquid 35 transferred to a

10 nivel intermedio de la columna de baja presión 200 y presurizado en la bomba 600. La columna de mezcla funciona esencialmente a la media presión. Modificando la presión del caudal 123, la columna de mezcla 300 puede funcionar a una presión diferente de la media presión. Eventualmente, una parte del líquido rico 51 puede ser enviada a la cuba de la columna 300. 10 intermediate level of the low pressure column 200 and pressurized in the pump 600. The mixing column operates essentially at medium pressure. By modifying the pressure of the flow rate 123, the mixing column 300 can operate at a pressure different from the average pressure. Eventually, a part of the rich liquid 51 can be sent to the tank of column 300.

Un caudal de oxígeno gaseoso 37 es trasvasado en cabeza de la columna de mezcla y se recalienta en la línea de A gaseous oxygen flow rate 37 is transferred to the head of the mixing column and is reheated in the line of

15 intercambio 9 y un caudal líquido 41 es trasvasado en la cuba y enviado a la columna de baja presión después de la expansión en una válvula. 15 exchange 9 and a liquid flow 41 is transferred into the tank and sent to the low pressure column after expansion in a valve.

Claims (6)

REIVINDICACIONES 1. Procedimiento de separación por destilación criogénica en una instalación que comprende una doble o triple columna (100, 200) de separación de aire, en la que la columna que funciona a la presión más elevada (100) funciona a una presión denominada media presión, una línea de intercambio (9) y, además de la doble o triple columna, una columna de mezcla (300), en el cual: 1. Cryogenic distillation separation procedure in an installation comprising a double or triple air separation column (100, 200), in which the column operating at the highest pressure (100) operates at a pressure called medium pressure , an exchange line (9) and, in addition to the double or triple column, a mixing column (300), in which: a) todo el aire es llevado a una alta presión, eventualmente superior al menos en 5 bares a la media presión, y eventualmente depurado a esta alta presión, a) all the air is carried at a high pressure, possibly greater than at least 5 bars at medium pressure, and eventually purified at this high pressure, b) una parte del caudal de aire depurado es enfriada en la línea de intercambio y a continuación es dividida en dos fracciones, b) a part of the flow of purified air is cooled in the exchange line and then divided into two fractions, c) cada fracción se expande en una turbina (17, 19), c) each fraction is expanded in a turbine (17, 19), d) la presión de admisión de las dos turbinas, respectivamente las presiones de las dos turbinas, son superiores al menos en 5 bares a la media presión, d) the intake pressure of the two turbines, respectively the pressures of the two turbines, are at least 5 bar higher than the average pressure, e) la presión de impulsión de al menos una de las dos turbinas es sensiblemente igual a la media presión, e) the flow pressure of at least one of the two turbines is substantially equal to the average pressure, f) se envía al menos una parte del aire expandido en al menos una de las turbinas a la columna de media presión de una doble o triple columna, f) at least one part of the expanded air in at least one of the turbines is sent to the medium pressure column of a double or triple column, g) un sobrecompresor frío (23) unido mecánicamente a una de las turbinas de expansión aspira aire, que ha experimentado un enfriamiento en la línea de intercambio, e impulsa aire a una temperatura superior a la temperatura de admisión, y el fluido así comprimido es reintroducido en la línea de intercambio en la cual al menos una parte del fluido se condensa o seudocondensa, g) a cold supercharger (23) mechanically attached to one of the expansion turbines sucks air, which has undergone a cooling in the exchange line, and drives air at a temperature higher than the intake temperature, and the fluid thus compressed is reintroduced into the exchange line in which at least a part of the fluid condenses or pseudocondense, h) al menos un líquido presurizado que proviene de una de las columnas es (seudo) vaporizado en la línea de intercambio a una temperatura de vaporización, y h) at least one pressurized liquid that comes from one of the columns is (pseudo) vaporized in the exchange line at a vaporization temperature, and i) la turbina (17) no acoplada al sobrecompresor frío está acoplada a un sobrecompresor (5) seguido de un refrigerante, i) the turbine (17) not coupled to the cold supercharger is coupled to an overcharger (5) followed by a refrigerant, y eventualmente and eventually j) la temperatura de aspiración del sobrecompresor frío (23) es próxima a la temperatura de vaporización o seudovaporización del líquido, y j) the suction temperature of the cold supercharger (23) is close to the vaporization or pseudovaporization temperature of the liquid, and k) aire que proviene de al menos una de las turbinas (17, 19) es enviado a la columna de mezcla, eventualmente después de haber transitado por la columna de media presión (100) o aire (123) al menos a la alta presión es enviado a un hervidor de cuba (301) de la columna de mezcla (300) en la que se condensa al menos parcialmente antes de ser enviado a la doble o triple columna. k) air that comes from at least one of the turbines (17, 19) is sent to the mixing column, possibly after having traveled through the medium pressure column (100) or air (123) at least at high pressure it is sent to a kettle (301) of the mixing column (300) in which it is condensed at least partially before being sent to the double or triple column.
2.2.
Procedimiento de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 en el cual el aire enviado al menos a una de las turbinas (17, 19) aguas arriba de la columna de mezcla proviene del sobrecompresor (5) distinto del sobrecompresor frío (23) y sale de este sobrecompresor a una presión superior a la alta presión  Method according to claim 1 in which the air sent to at least one of the turbines (17, 19) upstream of the mixing column comes from the supercharger (5) other than the cold supercharger (23) and leaves this supercharger at a pressure higher than high pressure
3.3.
Procedimiento de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2 en el cual el aire (13, 15) expandido en al menos una de las turbinas (17, 19) es enviado a la cuba de la columna de mezcla (300) para participar en ella en el intercambio de materia  Method according to one of claims 1 or 2 in which the air (13, 15) expanded in at least one of the turbines (17, 19) is sent to the tank of the mixing column (300) to participate in she in the matter exchange
4.Four.
Instalación de separación de aire por destilación criogénica que comprende:  Installation of air separation by cryogenic distillation comprising:
a) una doble o triple columna (100, 200) de separación de aire, en la que la columna (100) que funciona a la presión más elevada funciona a una presión denominada media presión, a) a double or triple air separation column (100, 200), in which the column (100) operating at the highest pressure operates at a pressure called medium pressure, b) una línea de intercambio (9), b) an exchange line (9), c) medios para llevar todo al aire a una alta presión más elevada que la media presión y medios para depurarlo, eventualmente a esta alta presión, c) means for bringing everything into the air at a high pressure higher than the medium pressure and means for purifying it, possibly at this high pressure, d) medios para enviar una parte del caudal de aire depurado a la línea de intercambio para enfriarlo y medios para dividir este aire enfriado en dos fracciones, d) means for sending a part of the flow of purified air to the exchange line for cooling and means for dividing this cooled air into two fractions, e) dos turbinas (17, 19) y medios para enviar una fracción de aire a cada turbina, e) two turbines (17, 19) and means for sending a fraction of air to each turbine, f) medios para enviar al menos una parte del aire expandido en al menos una de las turbinas a la columna de media presión de la doble o triple columna, f) means for sending at least part of the expanded air in at least one of the turbines to the double or triple column medium pressure column, g) un sobrecompresor frío (23), medios para enviar aire, preferentemente trasvasado en un punto intermedio de la línea de intercambio principal, al sobrecompresor frío y medios para enviar aire sobrecomprimido en el sobrecompresor frío a la línea de intercambio en un punto intermedio aguas arriba del punto de trasvase, g) a cold over-compressor (23), means for sending air, preferably transferred at an intermediate point of the main exchange line, to the cold over-compressor and means for sending over-compressed air in the cold over-compressor to the exchange line at an intermediate water point above the transfer point, h) medios (500) para presurizar al menos un líquido que proviene de una de las columnas, medios para enviar el al 5 menos un líquido presurizado a la línea de intercambio y medios para sacar un líquido vaporizado de la línea de intercambio, h) means (500) for pressurizing at least one liquid that comes from one of the columns, means for sending the at least one pressurized liquid to the exchange line and means for removing a vaporized liquid from the exchange line, i) el sobrecompresor frío está acoplado a una de las turbinas (19), i) the cold supercharger is coupled to one of the turbines (19), j) la turbina no acoplada (17) al sobrecompresor frío está acoplada a un sobrecompresor (5) seguido de un refrigerante, j) the turbine not coupled (17) to the cold supercharger is coupled to an overcharger (5) followed by a refrigerant, 10 k) una columna de mezcla y medios para enviar aire a la columna de mezcla desde al menos una de las turbinas (17, 19), o medios para enviar aire (123) al menos a alta presión a un hervidor de cuba (301) de la columna de mezcla (300) y medios para enviar aire al menos parcialmente condensado en este hervidor de cuba a la doble o triple columna. 10 k) a mixing column and means for sending air to the mixing column from at least one of the turbines (17, 19), or means for sending air (123) at least at high pressure to a kettle kettle (301 ) of the mixing column (300) and means for sending at least partially condensed air in this kettle to the double or triple column. 5. Instalación de acuerdo con la reivindicación 4 que comprende medios para enviar una parte del aire comprimido 5. Installation according to claim 4 comprising means for sending a part of the compressed air 15 en el sobrecompresor (5) que constituye el medio de disipación de energía o que forma parte de éste al menos a una turbina de expansión (17, 19) aguas arriba de la columna de mezcla. 15 in the supercharger (5) that constitutes the energy dissipation means or that forms part of it at least one expansion turbine (17, 19) upstream of the mixing column. 6. Instalación de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones 4 o 5 en la que los medios para enviar aire que proviene de al menos una de las turbinas (17, 19) a la columna de mezcla están conectados a la cuba de la columna de mezcla (300) para participar en ella en el intercambio de materia. 6. Installation according to one of claims 4 or 5 wherein the means for sending air from at least one of the turbines (17, 19) to the mixing column are connected to the mixing column tank (300) to participate in it in the exchange of matter.
ES05717658T 2004-01-12 2005-01-07 Procedure and installation of air separation by cryogenic distillation Expired - Lifetime ES2425944T3 (en)

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