ES2460643T3 - Prefabricated facade and its corresponding manufacturing procedure - Google Patents
Prefabricated facade and its corresponding manufacturing procedure Download PDFInfo
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- ES2460643T3 ES2460643T3 ES10187991.4T ES10187991T ES2460643T3 ES 2460643 T3 ES2460643 T3 ES 2460643T3 ES 10187991 T ES10187991 T ES 10187991T ES 2460643 T3 ES2460643 T3 ES 2460643T3
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011372 high-strength concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/049—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres completely or partially of insulating material, e.g. cellular concrete or foamed plaster
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
- E04C2/384—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a metal frame
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
Abstract
Fachada prefabricada (1) que comprende una pluralidad de módulos de fachada (2) acoplables entre sí para formar el cerramiento exterior de dicha fachada (1), comprendiendo cada módulo de fachada (2) un panel soporte (3) de bajo espesor y peso fabricado de un material conglomerado hidráulico, al menos una capa superpuesta de material aislante (4,5) y de acabado superficial (6,10,11) unidas a dicho panel soporte (3), y medios de unión (7) entre módulos de fachada (2), caracterizada por el hecho de que comprende perfiles metálicos perimetrales (7) cortados en taller a medida según las dimensiones y configuración de cada módulo (2), conformando dichos perfiles (7) el perímetro exterior del módulo de fachada (2) y el perímetro interior correspondiente a las aberturas para ventanas (8) o puertas, siendo dichos perfiles (7) susceptibles de actuar a modo de encofrado durante la producción del panel de soporte (3) y el montaje del resto de capas (4,5,6,10,11) y de conexiones interiores, susceptibles de actuar como medios de unión (7) para el ensamblado con los módulos (2) adyacentes y como premarco estructural (9) para la colocación de ventanas (8) o puertas en el lugar de la obra, y susceptibles de actuar como medios de estanqueidad con el exterior de la fachada (1), obteniendo así una fachada completa y ligera totalmente prefabricada en taller.Prefabricated façade (1) comprising a plurality of façade modules (2) that can be coupled together to form the exterior enclosure of said façade (1), each façade module (2) comprising a support panel (3) of low thickness and weight. made of a hydraulic conglomerate material, at least one superimposed layer of insulating material (4,5) and surface finish (6,10,11) attached to said support panel (3), and connection means (7) between modules. facade (2), characterized by the fact that it comprises perimeter metal profiles (7) cut in a workshop to size according to the dimensions and configuration of each module (2), said profiles (7) forming the outer perimeter of the facade module (2). ) and the interior perimeter corresponding to the openings for windows (8) or doors, said profiles (7) being capable of acting as formwork during the production of the support panel (3) and the assembly of the rest of the layers (4, 5,6,10,11) and interior connections, capable of acting as joining means (7) for assembly with the adjacent modules (2) and as a structural pre-frame (9) for the placement of windows (8) or doors at the site of the work, and capable of acting as means of sealing with the exterior of the façade (1), thus obtaining a complete and light façade completely prefabricated in the workshop.
Description
Fachada prefabricada y su correspondiente procedimiento de fabricación Prefabricated facade and its corresponding manufacturing procedure
5 [0001] La presente invención se refiere a una fachada prefabricada y a su correspondiente procedimiento de fabricación. [0001] The present invention relates to a prefabricated facade and its corresponding manufacturing process.
[0002] Se entiende por “prefabricada” en este texto, obtenida mediante manufactura en factoría y no en el lugar de colocación final, interviniendo los oficios o sectores necesarios para la obtención de un producto final que confiere los requerimientos necesarios sin limitaciones de medidas geométricas preestablecidas. Se hace esta aclaración debido a que habitualmente en el sector de la construcción se ha vinculado el adjetivo o sustantivo “prefabricado” a la ejecución en factoría de un producto constituido por un solo oficio, su transporte a obra y su posterior complementación in situ con otros productos dado que el nombrado “prefabricado” era una nomenclatura parcial a un elemento que no satisfacía todos los requerimientos necesarios. [0002] "Prefabricated" is understood in this text, obtained by manufacturing at the factory and not at the place of final placement, involving the trades or sectors necessary to obtain a final product that confers the necessary requirements without limitations of geometric measures Preset This clarification is made because usually in the construction sector the adjective or noun “prefabricated” has been linked to the factory execution of a product constituted by a single trade, its transportation to work and its subsequent complementation in situ with others products given that the so-called "prefabricated" was a partial nomenclature to an element that did not satisfy all the necessary requirements.
15 [0003] Habitualmente también se ha atribuido al adjetivo o sustantivo “prefabricado” la connotación de menor calidad y la connotación de baja flexibilidad en la obtención de medidas geométricas deseadas. Este no es el caso de la fachada prefabricada de la presente invención. 15 [0003] The connotation of lower quality and the connotation of low flexibility in obtaining desired geometric measures have also usually been attributed to the adjective or "prefabricated" noun. This is not the case of the prefabricated facade of the present invention.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Son conocidas fachadas prefabricadas que comprenden una pluralidad de módulos de fachada acoplables entre sí para formar el cerramiento exterior de la fachada de un edificio. Cada módulo de fachada incluye un panel soporte de un material resistente tal como hormigón armado, o similar, y una o más capas superpuestas de material aislante, [0004] Prefabricated facades are known which comprise a plurality of facade modules that can be coupled together to form the exterior enclosure of the facade of a building. Each facade module includes a support panel of a resistant material such as reinforced concrete, or the like, and one or more overlapping layers of insulating material,
25 generalmente un aislante térmico, acústico, o ignífugo, unidas interna o externamente a dicho panel soporte, así como una capa interior de acabado superficial. 25 generally a thermal, acoustic, or flame retardant insulator, internally or externally attached to said support panel, as well as an inner surface finish layer.
[0005] EP381000 describe una fachada prefabricada que comprende una pluralidad de módulos de fachada de este tipo según el preámbulo de la reivindicación 1 y un proceso de fabricación correspondiente de esta según el preámbulo de la reivindicación 12. [0005] EP381000 describes a prefabricated facade comprising a plurality of facade modules of this type according to the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding manufacturing process thereof according to the preamble of claim 12.
[0006] No obstante, las fachadas prefabricadas conocidas presentan una serie de inconvenientes. [0006] However, known prefabricated facades have a number of drawbacks.
[0007] En primer lugar, el panel soporte que suele ser de hormigón necesita fabricarse con un espesor de entre 8 y 12 35 cm, lo cual repercute en un peso de entre 190 y 290 Kg/m2. [0007] In the first place, the support panel that is usually made of concrete needs to be manufactured with a thickness of between 8 and 12 35 cm, which has a weight of between 190 and 290 Kg / m2.
[0008] En segundo lugar, debido al procedimiento de producción del hormigón prefabricado normalmente se trabaja con módulos de producción. El molde de encofrado debe amortizarse al máximo provocando una repetición en las composiciones de fachada, y por tanto no es posible obtener una producción a medida de los moldes de fachada. [0008] Secondly, due to the production process of prefabricated concrete, one usually works with production modules. The formwork mold must be fully amortized causing a repetition in the facade compositions, and therefore it is not possible to obtain a custom production of the facade molds.
[0009] Asimismo, actualmente resulta muy difícil efectuar aberturas en la fachada prefabricada para las ventanas o puertas, para cualquier dimensión y posición, por lo que tampoco es posible su producción a medida. Los perímetros interiores de las aberturas deben transmitir la fuerza del viento sobre las aberturas de fachada al panel de hormigón, y por otra parte dichos perímetros deben permitir la correcta colocación de las ventanas o puertas procedentes de [0009] Likewise, it is currently very difficult to make openings in the prefabricated facade for windows or doors, for any dimension and position, so that its production is not possible to measure. The interior perimeters of the openings must transmit the force of the wind on the façade openings to the concrete panel, and on the other hand said perimeters must allow the correct placement of the windows or doors coming from
45 carpintería, realizando la función de soporte y evitando el puente térmico. 45 carpentry, performing the support function and avoiding the thermal bridge.
[0010] Por otra parte, la unión entre moldes de fachada se suele efectuar mediante elementos de tornillería. Asimismo, es necesario garantizar la continuidad externa entre los moldes de fachada unidos, y para ello usualmente se utilizan sellados y cordones de silicona en la cara exterior para conseguir una correcta estanqueidad al aire y al agua. No obstante, estas soluciones de sellado entre módulos de fachada solo son adecuadas para fachadas de gran espesor. [0010] On the other hand, the union between facade molds is usually carried out by means of fasteners. Likewise, it is necessary to guarantee external continuity between the united facade molds, and for this purpose, silicone seals and cords are usually used on the outer face to achieve a correct air and water tightness. However, these sealing solutions between facade modules are only suitable for very thick facades.
[0011] En tercer lugar, las soluciones conocidas basadas en el hormigón no dan respuesta a las exigencias establecidas por la normativa actual como un sistema completo de fachada, por lo que posteriormente a la colocación del panel soporte se deben añadir en el lugar de la obra las capas funcionales, ya sean aislantes térmicos y acústicos, [0011] Third, known solutions based on concrete do not respond to the requirements established by current regulations as a complete façade system, so that after the installation of the support panel must be added in the place of the works the functional layers, whether thermal and acoustic insulators,
55 juntas de estanqueidad, etc, y acabados interiores, para cumplir con los requisitos que exige la normativa vigente referente a sistemas de fachada. 55 gaskets, etc, and interior finishes, to meet the requirements of current regulations regarding facade systems.
[0012] La mayoría de las fachadas prefabricadas conocidas utilizan una capa de hormigón prefabricado como material de acabado y soporte para el resto de elementos de fachada como son el aislamiento y los acabados interiores, pero no prevén el paso de instalaciones por su interior, tales como instalaciones de agua, gas, electricidad, calefacción, etc. [0012] Most of the known prefabricated facades use a layer of prefabricated concrete as a finishing material and support for the rest of the facade elements such as insulation and interior finishes, but do not foresee the passage of installations inside, such such as water, gas, electricity, heating, etc.
[0013] También se conocen fachadas prefabricadas que utilizan una capa de poco espesor de hormigón armado con fibra de vidrio proyectado sobre un molde que necesita una subestructura de acero para garantizar su capacidad autoportante, pero posteriormente es necesario completar la fachada en el lugar de la obra añadiendo el aislamiento [0013] Prefabricated facades are also known that use a thin layer of reinforced concrete with fiberglass projected on a mold that needs a steel substructure to guarantee its self-supporting capacity, but subsequently it is necessary to complete the facade in the place of the work adding insulation
65 térmico y el acabado interior, y tampoco prevé el paso de instalaciones por su interior. 65 thermal and interior finish, and does not provide for the passage of facilities inside.
[0014] Las soluciones actuales no contemplan adecuadamente la interacción con el resto de elementos del edificio. La presente invención es consecuencia de una línea de investigación sobre cómo industrializar un edificio, haciendo un despiece de cuáles serían los componentes a elaborar por separado para posteriormente estudiar su unión e interacción, de manera que el edificio sea consecuencia del ensamblaje in situ de estos componentes prefabricados en [0014] The current solutions do not adequately contemplate the interaction with the other elements of the building. The present invention is the result of a line of research on how to industrialize a building, making an exploded view of what would be the components to be developed separately to later study their union and interaction, so that the building is a consequence of the on-site assembly of these components prefabricated in
5 factoría, ejecutando las mínimas operaciones posibles fuera de la factoría. La presente invención es producto de la industrialización del edificio. 5 factory, executing the minimum possible operations outside the factory. The present invention is a product of the industrialization of the building.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0015] El objetivo de la fachada prefabricada de la presente invención es solventar los inconvenientes que presentan las fachadas conocidas en la técnica, proporcionando una fachada modular completa prefabricada en taller, más ligera, y permitiendo su fabricación a medida. [0015] The objective of the prefabricated facade of the present invention is to solve the drawbacks of the facades known in the art, providing a complete modular façade prefabricated in the workshop, lighter, and allowing its custom manufacturing.
15 [0016] La fachada prefabricada, objeto de la presente invención, es del tipo que comprende una pluralidad de módulos de fachada acoplables entre sí para formar el cerramiento exterior de dicha fachada, comprendiendo cada módulo de fachada un panel soporte de bajo espesor y peso fabricado de un material conglomerado hidráulico, al menos una capa superpuesta de material aislante y de acabado superficial unidas a dicho panel soporte, y medios de unión entre módulos de fachada. [0016] The prefabricated facade, object of the present invention, is of the type comprising a plurality of facade modules that can be coupled together to form the outer enclosure of said facade, each facade module comprising a support panel of low thickness and weight made of a hydraulic conglomerate material, at least one superimposed layer of insulating material and surface finish joined to said support panel, and joining means between facade modules.
[0017] La fachada prefabricada, objeto de la presente invención comprende perfiles metálicos perimetrales cortados en taller a medida según las dimensiones y configuración de cada módulo, conformando dichos perfiles el perímetro exterior del módulo de fachada y el perímetro interior correspondiente a las aberturas para ventanas o puertas, siendo dichos perfiles susceptibles de actuar a modo de encofrado durante la producción del panel de soporte [0017] The prefabricated facade, object of the present invention comprises perimeter metal profiles cut in a workshop to measure according to the dimensions and configuration of each module, said profiles forming the outer perimeter of the facade module and the inner perimeter corresponding to the window openings or doors, said profiles being able to act as formwork during the production of the support panel
25 interno y el montaje del resto de capas y de conexiones interiores, susceptibles de actuar como medios de unión para el ensamblado con los módulos adyacentes y como premarco estructural para la colocación de ventanas o puertas en el lugar de la obra, y susceptibles de actuar como medios de estanqueidad con el exterior de la fachada, obteniendo así una fachada completa y ligera totalmente prefabricada en taller. 25 internal and the assembly of the rest of the inner layers and connections, capable of acting as joining means for the assembly with the adjacent modules and as a structural pre-frame for the placement of windows or doors at the construction site, and capable of acting as a means of sealing the exterior of the facade, thus obtaining a complete and light facade completely prefabricated in the workshop.
[0018] De este modo, se obtiene una fachada completamente prefabricada en taller diseñada y dimensionada para el cumplimiento de la normativa actual del Código Técnico de Edificación. [0018] In this way, a completely prefabricated facade is obtained in a workshop designed and sized to comply with the current regulations of the Technical Building Code.
[0019] Gracias a dichos perfiles y al material conglomerado hidráulico utilizado es posible desarrollar cualquier composición plana de fachada independientemente de la dimensión y posición de las aberturas para ventanas o [0019] Thanks to said profiles and the hydraulic conglomerate material used, it is possible to develop any flat facade composition regardless of the size and position of the window openings or
35 puertas. 35 doors
[0020] Ventajosamente, el panel soporte de conglomerado hidráulico comprende un espesor menor o igual a 6 cm y un peso menor o igual a 138 Kg/m2. En consecuencia, tanto el espesor como el peso se han optimizado considerablemente. [0020] Advantageously, the hydraulic conglomerate support panel comprises a thickness less than or equal to 6 cm and a weight less than or equal to 138 Kg / m2. Consequently, both thickness and weight have been considerably optimized.
[0021] Según una realización de la invención, el panel soporte está fabricado de un hormigón de alta resistencia armando con fibras. Preferiblemente, las fibras son de acero. [0021] According to an embodiment of the invention, the support panel is made of high strength concrete reinforced with fibers. Preferably, the fibers are made of steel.
[0022] Preferentemente, los perfiles metálicos son perfiles extruídos de aluminio. [0022] Preferably, the metal profiles are extruded aluminum profiles.
45 [0023] Ventajosamente, la configuración estructural de los perfiles metálicos es susceptible de garantizar la continuidad de las envolventes térmica, acústica, portante y de estanqueidad. [0023] Advantageously, the structural configuration of the metal profiles is capable of guaranteeing the continuity of the thermal, acoustic, bearing and sealing envelopes.
[0024] También ventajosamente, la configuración estructural de los perfiles metálicos es susceptible de garantizar de manera inequívoca la posición de ensamblaje con los módulos adyacentes. De este modo, se evitan posibles errores de montaje. [0024] Also advantageously, the structural configuration of the metal profiles is capable of unequivocally guaranteeing the assembly position with the adjacent modules. In this way, possible assembly errors are avoided.
[0025] También ventajosamente, los perfiles interiores de las aberturas incluyen un premarco metálico estructural susceptible de quedar embebido en el panel soporte durante la producción de dicho panel. [0025] Also advantageously, the interior profiles of the openings include a structural metal pre-frame capable of being embedded in the support panel during the production of said panel.
55 [0026] Dicho premarco permite repartir homogéneamente la transmisión de los esfuerzos debidos al viento hacia el panel soporte. [0026] Said pre-frame allows the transmission of the forces due to the wind to the support panel to be distributed homogeneously.
[0027] Preferentemente, dicho premarco está fabricado a partir de perfiles metálicos y salientes metálicos que garantizan la transmisión de esfuerzos del premarco al panel soporte. [0027] Preferably, said pre-frame is made from metal profiles and metal projections that guarantee the transmission of stress from the pre-frame to the support panel.
[0028] Ventajosamente, la fachada prefabricada incluye las instalaciones necesarias, tales como las instalaciones de agua, gas, electricidad, calefacción, entre otras, a través del extradosado interior mediante conexiones reversibles y cajas de conexión entre módulos de fachada. [0028] Advantageously, the prefabricated façade includes the necessary facilities, such as water, gas, electricity, heating, among others, through the interior extradosing by means of reversible connections and connection boxes between facade modules.
65 [0029] Opcionalmente, la composición de capas puede ser de tipo convencional, invertida o ventilada. [0029] Optionally, the layer composition may be of the conventional, inverted or ventilated type.
[0030] De acuerdo con otro aspecto de la invención, el procedimiento de fabricación de la fachada prefabricada de la invención, consiste en realizar las siguientes etapas: [0030] According to another aspect of the invention, the manufacturing process of the prefabricated facade of the invention consists in performing the following steps:
5 a) cortar en el taller los perfiles metálicos según las dimensiones del correspondiente módulo de fachada para conformar el perímetro exterior de dicho módulo y, en su caso, el perímetro interior correspondiente a las aberturas para ventanas o puertas; 5 a) cut in the workshop the metal profiles according to the dimensions of the corresponding facade module to form the outer perimeter of said module and, where appropriate, the inner perimeter corresponding to the openings for windows or doors;
b) conformar los límites del encofrado mediante dichos perfiles; c) depositar en el encofrado el conglomerado hidráulico para la elaboración del panel soporte; d) una vez consolidado dicho panel soporte, colocar la al menos una capa de material aislante unida a dicho panel b) conform the formwork limits by means of said profiles; c) deposit the hydraulic conglomerate in the formwork for the elaboration of the support panel; d) once said support panel is consolidated, place the at least one layer of insulating material attached to said panel
soporte; e) incorporar las correspondientes instalaciones a través del extradosado interior mediante conexiones reversibles y cajas de conexión entre módulos de fachada; f) colocar las capas de acabado superficial; 15 g) colocar las ventanas o puertas a través de los correspondientes perfiles interiores de las aberturas; y h) transportar al lugar de la obra los módulos de fachada prefabricados para, posteriormente, ensamblarlos entre sí a través de sus perfiles metálicos. support; e) incorporate the corresponding facilities through the internal extradosing through reversible connections and connection boxes between facade modules; f) place the surface finish layers; 15 g) place the windows or doors through the corresponding interior profiles of the openings; and h) transport prefabricated façade modules to the construction site, and then assemble them together through their metal profiles.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] Con el fin de facilitar la descripción de cuanto se ha expuesto anteriormente se adjuntan unos dibujos en los que, esquemáticamente y tan sólo a título de ejemplo no limitativo, se representan tres casos prácticos de realización de la fachada prefabricada de la invención, en los cuales: [0031] In order to facilitate the description of what has been set forth above, some drawings are attached in which, schematically and only by way of non-limiting example, three practical cases of realization of the prefabricated facade of the invention are represented, in which:
25 la figura 1 es una vista en alzado de la fachada de la invención; Figure 1 is an elevational view of the facade of the invention;
la figura 2 es una sección transversal de dos módulos de fachada unidos mediante sus perfiles metálicos; Figure 2 is a cross section of two facade modules connected by their metal profiles;
a figura 3a es una sección transversal de un módulo de fachada de la invención de tipo convencional; Fig. 3a is a cross section of a facade module of the invention of conventional type;
la figura 3b es una sección transversal de un módulo de fachada de la invención de tipo invertida; Figure 3b is a cross section of an inverted type facade module of the invention;
la figura 3c es una sección transversal de un módulo de fachada de la invención de tipo ventilada; Figure 3c is a cross section of a ventilated type facade module of the invention;
35 la figura 4 es una vista en alzado de un módulo de fachada de la invención, mostrando el premarco de una ventana; y Figure 4 is an elevation view of a facade module of the invention, showing the pre-frame of a window; Y
la figura 5 es una vista en perspectiva de una realización de un premarco para ventana del modulo de fachada. Figure 5 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a window frame of the facade module.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE REALIZACIONES PREFERIDAS DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0032] La fachada prefabricada 1 de la presente invención es del tipo que comprende una pluralidad de módulos de fachada 2 acoplables entre sí para formar el cerramiento exterior de dicha fachada 1. [0032] The prefabricated facade 1 of the present invention is of the type that comprises a plurality of facade modules 2 that can be coupled together to form the outer enclosure of said facade 1.
45 [0033] Tal como se puede apreciar en las figuras 1 y 2, cada módulo de fachada 2 comprende un panel soporte 3 de bajo espesor y peso fabricado de un material conglomerado hidráulico. Se entiende aquí como bajo espesor aquel espesor menor a aproximadamente 8 cm, que es el valor mínimo actual para los paneles exteriores, y se entiende como bajo peso aquel peso menor a aproximadamente 190 Kg/m2, que es el valor mínimo actual para los paneles exteriores. [0033] As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, each facade module 2 comprises a support panel 3 of low thickness and weight made of a hydraulic conglomerate material. It is understood here as low thickness that thickness less than about 8 cm, which is the current minimum value for the outer panels, and low weight is understood as that weight less than about 190 Kg / m2, which is the current minimum value for the panels outside
[0034] Según una realización de la invención, el panel soporte 3 está fabricado de un hormigón de alta resistencia armando con fibras de acero. Dicho panel 3 comprende aproximadamente 4 cm de espesor y aproximadamente 92 Kg/m2 de peso. [0034] According to an embodiment of the invention, the support panel 3 is made of a high strength concrete reinforced with steel fibers. Said panel 3 comprises approximately 4 cm thick and approximately 92 kg / m2 in weight.
55 [0035] Según puede apreciarse en la figura 2, que muestra una fachada de tipo convencional, cada módulo 2 incluye, en este ejemplo, dos capas superpuestas de material aislante 4,5 y de acabado superficial 6 unidas a dicho panel soporte 3, pudiendo incluir otras capas como se describirá en adelante. [0035] As can be seen in Figure 2, which shows a conventional type facade, each module 2 includes, in this example, two superimposed layers of insulating material 4.5 and surface finish 6 attached to said support panel 3, may include other layers as described below.
[0036] Cada módulo 2 comprende perfiles metálicos perimetrales 7 cortados en taller a medida según las dimensiones y configuración de cada módulo 2, conformando el perímetro exterior del módulo de fachada 2 y el perímetro interior correspondiente a las aberturas para ventanas 8 o puertas, siendo dichos perfiles 7 susceptibles de actuar a modo de encofrado durante la producción del panel de soporte 3 y el montaje del resto de capas 4 a 6 y de conexiones interiores (no representadas), susceptibles de actuar como medios de unión 7 para el ensamblado con los módulos adyacentes 2 (ver figura 2) y como premarco estructural 9 (ver figura 4) para la colocación de [0036] Each module 2 comprises perimeter metal profiles 7 cut in a custom workshop according to the dimensions and configuration of each module 2, forming the outer perimeter of the facade module 2 and the inner perimeter corresponding to the openings for windows 8 or doors, being said profiles 7 capable of acting as formwork during the production of the support panel 3 and the assembly of the rest of layers 4 to 6 and of internal connections (not shown), capable of acting as joining means 7 for assembly with the adjacent modules 2 (see figure 2) and as structural preframe 9 (see figure 4) for the placement of
65 ventanas 8 o puertas en el lugar de la obra, y susceptibles de actuar como medios de estanqueidad con el exterior de la fachada. 65 windows 8 or doors at the construction site, and capable of acting as a means of sealing with the exterior of the facade.
[0037] Se obtiene así una fachada modular completa prefabricada en taller, más ligera, y permitiendo su fabricación a medida. [0037] Thus, a complete modular façade, prefabricated in the workshop, is obtained, lighter, and allowing its custom manufacturing.
5 [0038] Según una realización de la invención, los perfiles metálicos 7 son perfiles extruídos de aluminio. [0038] According to an embodiment of the invention, the metal profiles 7 are extruded aluminum profiles.
[0039] La configuración estructural de los perfiles metálicos 7 es susceptible de garantizar la continuidad de las envolventes térmica, acústica, portante y de estanqueidad, así como garantizar de manera inequívoca la posición de ensamblaje con los módulos 2 adyacentes, evitando así posibles errores de montaje. [0039] The structural configuration of the metal profiles 7 is capable of guaranteeing the continuity of the thermal, acoustic, bearing and sealing envelopes, as well as unequivocally guaranteeing the assembly position with the adjacent modules 2, thus avoiding possible errors of mounting.
[0040] A continuación se muestran tres realizaciones de sistemas de fachada que pueden aplicarse a la fachada prefabricada 1 de la invención. [0040] Three embodiments of facade systems that can be applied to the prefabricated facade 1 of the invention are shown below.
[0041] La figura 3a muestra una fachada de tipo convencional que incluye, en orden desde el exterior al interior de la 15 fachada: [0041] Figure 3a shows a conventional type facade that includes, in order from the outside to the inside of the facade:
- --
- una capa de hormigón 3 de alta resistencia armado con fibras de 4 cm de espesor, que actúa como portante de la fachada y como soporte continuo. Además, permite la estanqueidad al aire y al agua. a layer of concrete 3 of high resistance reinforced with 4 cm thick fibers, which acts as a support for the facade and as a continuous support. In addition, it allows air and water tightness.
- --
- una capa de aislante térmico 4 de poliestireno expandido de 4 cm de espesor. a layer of thermal insulation 4 of expanded polystyrene 4 cm thick.
- --
- una capa de aislante térmico ignífugo y absorbente acústico 5 de lana de roca de 3 cm. a layer of fire retardant and acoustic absorbent thermal insulation 5 of 3 cm rock wool.
- --
- una capa de revestimiento interior 6, que actúa además como barrera de vapor. an inner lining layer 6, which also acts as a vapor barrier.
[0042] Cabe destacar que las capas 3 y 6 pueden incluir múltiples acabados superficiales. [0042] It should be noted that layers 3 and 6 can include multiple surface finishes.
25 [0043] La figura 3b muestra una fachada de tipo invertida que incluye, en orden desde el exterior al interior de la fachada: [0043] Figure 3b shows an inverted facade that includes, in order from the outside to the inside of the facade:
- --
- una capa de revestimiento 10 continuo exterior, que permite la estanqueidad al aire y al agua. an outer continuous coating layer 10, which allows air and water tightness.
- --
- una capa de aislante térmico 4 de poliestireno expandido de 4 cm de espesor. a layer of thermal insulation 4 of expanded polystyrene 4 cm thick.
- --
- una capa de hormigón 3 de alta resistencia armado con fibras de 4 cm de espesor, que actúa como portante de la fachada y como soporte continuo. a layer of concrete 3 of high resistance reinforced with 4 cm thick fibers, which acts as a support for the facade and as a continuous support.
- --
- una capa de aislante térmico ignífugo y absorbente acústico 5 de lana de roca de 3 cm, que además actúa como a layer of fire retardant and acoustic absorbent thermal insulation 5 of 3 cm rock wool, which also acts as
aislante térmico. 35 - una capa de revestimiento interior 6. thermal insulator 35 - an inner lining layer 6.
[0044] Cabe destacar que las capas 10 y 6 pueden incluir múltiples acabados superficiales. [0044] It should be noted that layers 10 and 6 may include multiple surface finishes.
[0045] La figura 3c muestra una fachada de tipo ventilada que incluye, en orden desde el exterior al interior de la fachada: [0045] Figure 3c shows a ventilated facade that includes, in order from the outside to the inside of the facade:
- --
- una hoja delgada de hormigón 11 de alta resistencia armado con fibras de 2 cm de espesor. a thin sheet of high strength concrete 11 reinforced with 2 cm thick fibers.
- --
- una capa de aislante térmico 4 de poliestireno expandido de 4 cm de espesor, que está separada ligeramente de la a 4 cm thick expanded polystyrene thermal insulator layer 4, which is slightly separated from the
citada hoja delgada de hormigón 11 definiendo entre ambas un espacio de aire, que garantiza la estanqueidad al 45 agua. cited thin sheet of concrete 11 defining between them an air gap, which guarantees water tightness.
- --
- una capa de hormigón 3 de alta resistencia armado con fibras de 4 cm de espesor, que actúa como portante de la fachada y como soporte continuo. Además, permite la estanqueidad al aire. a layer of concrete 3 of high resistance reinforced with 4 cm thick fibers, which acts as a support for the facade and as a continuous support. In addition, it allows air tightness.
- --
- una capa de aislante térmico ignífugo y absorbente acústico 5 de lana de roca de 3 cm, que además actúa como aislante térmico. a layer of fire retardant and acoustic absorbent thermal insulation 5 of 3 cm rock wool, which also acts as a thermal insulator.
- --
- una capa de revestimiento interior 6. an inner lining layer 6.
[0046] Cabe destacar que las capas 11 y 6 pueden incluir múltiples acabados superficiales. [0046] It should be noted that layers 11 and 6 may include multiple surface finishes.
[0047] Tal como puede apreciarse en la figura 4, los perfiles interiores de las aberturas 8 incluyen un premarco [0047] As can be seen in Figure 4, the interior profiles of the openings 8 include a pre-frame
55 metálico estructural 9 susceptible de quedar embebido en el panel soporte 3 durante la producción de dicho panel. Dicho premarco 9 permite repartir homogéneamente la transmisión de los esfuerzos debidos al viento hacia el panel soporte 3. 55 structural metal 9 capable of being embedded in the support panel 3 during the production of said panel. Said pre-frame 9 allows the transmission of the forces due to the wind to the support panel 3 to be distributed homogeneously.
[0048] Asimismo, dicho premarco 9 está fabricado a partir de perfiles metálicos 12 y salientes metálicos 13 que garantizan la transmisión de esfuerzos del premarco 9 al panel soporte 3. La figura 5 muestra una realización preferida de la configuración estructural de un premarco 9. [0048] Likewise, said pre-frame 9 is manufactured from metal profiles 12 and metal projections 13 which guarantee the transmission of stresses from the pre-frame 9 to the support panel 3. Figure 5 shows a preferred embodiment of the structural configuration of a pre-frame 9.
[0049] La ventana 8 puede ocupar toda la anchura del panel de manera que el premarco 9 transmita los esfuerzos de viento a la parte superior e inferior del mismo panel sin requerir apoyos laterales. [0049] The window 8 can occupy the entire width of the panel so that the frame 9 transmits the wind stresses to the top and bottom of the same panel without requiring lateral supports.
65 [0050] Además, la fachada prefabricada 1 incluye las instalaciones necesarias, tales como las instalaciones de agua, gas, electricidad, calefacción, entre otras, a través del extradosado interior mediante conexiones reversibles y cajas de conexión entre módulos de fachada. En la figura 2 se han representado unos cajetines 14 de conexión de las instalaciones. 65 [0050] In addition, the prefabricated façade 1 includes the necessary facilities, such as water, gas, electricity, heating, among others, through the interior extradosing by means of reversible connections and connection boxes between facade modules. In Fig. 2, connection boxes 14 of the installations have been shown.
5 [0051] De acuerdo con otro aspecto de la invención, el procedimiento de fabricación de la fachada prefabricada de la invención, consiste en realizar las siguientes etapas: [0051] According to another aspect of the invention, the manufacturing process of the prefabricated facade of the invention consists in performing the following steps:
a) cortar en el taller los perfiles metálicos 7 según las dimensiones del correspondiente módulo de fachada 2 para conformar el perímetro exterior de dicho módulo 2 y, en su caso, el perímetro interior correspondiente a las a) cut in the workshop the metal profiles 7 according to the dimensions of the corresponding facade module 2 to form the outer perimeter of said module 2 and, where appropriate, the inner perimeter corresponding to the
10 aberturas para ventanas 8 o puertas; b) conformar los límites del encofrado mediante dichos perfiles 7; c) depositar en el encofrado el conglomerado hidráulico para la elaboración del panel soporte 3; d) una vez consolidado dicho panel soporte 3, colocar las correspondientes capas de material aislante 4,5 unidas a 10 openings for windows 8 or doors; b) form the formwork limits by means of said profiles 7; c) deposit the hydraulic conglomerate in the formwork for the elaboration of the support panel 3; d) once said support panel 3 is consolidated, place the corresponding layers of insulating material 4,5 attached to
dicho panel soporte 3; 15 e) incorporar las correspondientes instalaciones a través del extradosado interior mediante conexiones reversibles said support panel 3; 15 e) incorporate the corresponding facilities through the internal extradosing through reversible connections
y cajas de conexión entre módulos de fachada 2; f) colocar las capas de acabado superficial 6,10,11; g) colocar las ventanas 8 o puertas a través de los correspondientes perfiles interiores 9 de las aberturas; y h) transportar al lugar de la obra los módulos de fachada 2 prefabricados para, posteriormente, ensamblarlos entre and junction boxes between facade modules 2; f) place the surface finish layers 6,10,11; g) placing the windows 8 or doors through the corresponding interior profiles 9 of the openings; and h) transport the prefabricated facade modules 2 to the construction site and then assemble them between
20 sí a través de sus perfiles metálicos 7. 20 yes through its metal profiles 7.
[0052] Gracias al procedimiento de fabricación de la fachada 1 de la invención, consistente en dichos perfiles metálicos 7, similares a los utilizados en carpintería, se consigue una libre composición de los encofrados y por tanto la adaptación de la fachada prefabricada a cualquier exigencia compositiva del proyecto. [0052] Thanks to the manufacturing process of the facade 1 of the invention, consisting of said metal profiles 7, similar to those used in carpentry, a free composition of the formwork is achieved and therefore the adaptation of the prefabricated facade to any requirement Project composition.
25 [0053] Los límites del encofrado conformados a partir de dichos perfiles 7 son cortados a medida según el proyecto, que a su vez dan respuesta a las exigencias de montaje y estanqueidad al aire y al agua. [0053] The formwork limits formed from said profiles 7 are cut to size according to the project, which in turn respond to the requirements of assembly and air and water tightness.
[0054] La fachada prefabricada 1 de la invención aporta la solución completa de fachada desde el taller de fabricación 30 asegurando el cumplimiento de la normativa actual. Por tanto, da respuesta a los requisitos térmicos, acústicos e ignífugos, para cualquiera de los sistemas de fachada conocidos, es decir convencional, invertida o ventilada. [0054] The prefabricated facade 1 of the invention provides the complete facade solution from the manufacturing workshop 30 ensuring compliance with current regulations. Therefore, it responds to the thermal, acoustic and flame retardant requirements for any of the known facade systems, that is to say conventional, inverted or ventilated.
[0055] Asimismo, se consigue una fachada más ligera gracias a la reducción del espesor y peso del panel soporte 3, tal como se ha comentado anteriormente. 35 [0055] Likewise, a lighter facade is achieved thanks to the reduction of the thickness and weight of the support panel 3, as previously mentioned. 35
Claims (12)
- 3.3.
- Fachada (1), según la reivindicación 1 o 2, en la que el panel soporte (3) está fabricado de un hormigón de alta 20 resistencia armado con fibras. Facade (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the support panel (3) is made of high strength concrete reinforced with fibers.
- 5.5.
- Fachada (1), según la reivindicación 1, en la que los perfiles metálicos (7) son perfiles extruídos de aluminio. 25 Facade (1) according to claim 1, wherein the metal profiles (7) are extruded aluminum profiles. 25
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200930877A ES2390898B1 (en) | 2009-10-20 | 2009-10-20 | PREFABRICATED FACADE AND ITS CORRESPONDING MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE |
| ES200930877 | 2009-10-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2460643T3 true ES2460643T3 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
Family
ID=43608701
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200930877A Withdrawn - After Issue ES2390898B1 (en) | 2009-10-20 | 2009-10-20 | PREFABRICATED FACADE AND ITS CORRESPONDING MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE |
| ES10187991.4T Active ES2460643T3 (en) | 2009-10-20 | 2010-10-19 | Prefabricated facade and its corresponding manufacturing procedure |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200930877A Withdrawn - After Issue ES2390898B1 (en) | 2009-10-20 | 2009-10-20 | PREFABRICATED FACADE AND ITS CORRESPONDING MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2314789B1 (en) |
| ES (2) | ES2390898B1 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP20140369T1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT2314789E (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PL230119B1 (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2018-09-28 | Eutherm Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia | Composite facade insulating cladding, method for producing it and application of the composite facade insulating cladding |
| AU2017208370A1 (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-02-15 | Sean Vincent Gallagher | Panel |
| IT201800002964A1 (en) * | 2018-02-22 | 2019-08-22 | Bressaglia Pierangela | ADJUSTABLE ANCHORING SYSTEM OF PREFABRICATED WALLS TO THE SUPPORTING STRUCTURE OF A BUILDING AND PREFABRICATED WALL USED IN THIS SYSTEM |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3693304A (en) * | 1970-07-29 | 1972-09-26 | William O Shell | Building panel and wall |
| US3760540A (en) * | 1971-09-08 | 1973-09-25 | P Latoria | Pre-cast concrete building panels |
| US4185437A (en) * | 1978-10-10 | 1980-01-29 | Olympian Stone Company | Building wall panel and method of making same |
| AU2916284A (en) * | 1983-06-21 | 1985-01-03 | Hendrik Dol | Layered wall and method of making |
| US4649682A (en) * | 1984-07-23 | 1987-03-17 | Barrett Jr Dave D | Prefabricated building panel and method |
| IT1228022B (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1991-05-27 | Zambelli Sergio Zambelli Benit | PREFABRICATED CONCRETE PANEL WITH THERMALLY INSULATING OR LIGHTENING LAYER. |
-
2009
- 2009-10-20 ES ES200930877A patent/ES2390898B1/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
-
2010
- 2010-10-19 ES ES10187991.4T patent/ES2460643T3/en active Active
- 2010-10-19 EP EP10187991.4A patent/EP2314789B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-10-19 PT PT101879914T patent/PT2314789E/en unknown
-
2014
- 2014-04-22 HR HRP20140369AT patent/HRP20140369T1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT2314789E (en) | 2014-05-02 |
| EP2314789B1 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
| HRP20140369T1 (en) | 2014-05-23 |
| ES2390898B1 (en) | 2013-09-30 |
| EP2314789A2 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
| ES2390898A1 (en) | 2012-11-19 |
| EP2314789A3 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
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