ES2331826B1 - DRY STONE AND FRUIT SEPARATION DEVICE. - Google Patents
DRY STONE AND FRUIT SEPARATION DEVICE. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2331826B1 ES2331826B1 ES200702791A ES200702791A ES2331826B1 ES 2331826 B1 ES2331826 B1 ES 2331826B1 ES 200702791 A ES200702791 A ES 200702791A ES 200702791 A ES200702791 A ES 200702791A ES 2331826 B1 ES2331826 B1 ES 2331826B1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- fruits
- stones
- air
- conveyor belt
- air flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 241000207836 Olea <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
- A01D33/04—Stone-separating mechanisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N12/00—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts
- A23N12/02—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for washing or blanching
- A23N12/023—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for washing or blanching for washing potatoes, apples or similarly shaped vegetables or fruit
- A23N12/026—Stone-gatherers or cleaning devices for the washing machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
- B07B4/02—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
- B07B4/04—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall in cascades
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Abstract
Dispositivo de separación en seco de piedras y frutos, que se compone de una estructura A, formada por un túnel abierto, por el que circula una fuerte corriente de aire provocada por unos soplantes provistos de deflectores para conducir el aire, y que tiene en su parte superior una abertura para la entrada del producto a tratar, y en la inferior dos salidas, una para los frutos y otra para las piedras, que saldrán separadamente; de una estructura B, formada por una placa curvada sobre la que se mueve a contracorriente una cinta transportadora inclinada, y una estructura C, formada por unas piezas que determinan unas toberas dirigidas hacia la cinta transportadora, estando todas ellas alimentadas por un tubo de aire a presión, que sale con fuerza por dichas toberas. La separación referida se produce a causa del diferente comportamiento ante las corrientes de los frutos y de las piedras.Dry stone separation device and fruits, which is composed of a structure A, formed by a tunnel open, through which a strong current of air circulates by blowers provided with baffles to conduct the air, and that has in its upper part an opening for the entrance of the product to be treated, and in the lower two outputs, one for fruits and another for the stones, which will come out separately; of a structure B, formed by a curved plate on which it moves to countercurrent an inclined conveyor belt, and a structure C, formed by pieces that determine nozzles directed towards the conveyor belt, all of them being powered by a pressurized air tube, which comes out strongly by these nozzles. The referred separation occurs because of different behavior before the currents of the fruits and of the stones
Description
Dispositivo de separación en seco de piedras y frutos.Dry stone separation device and fruits.
La presente invención, que se pretende proteger como patente de invención, se refiere, como su propio título sugiere, a un dispositivo de separación en seco de piedras y frutos, cuya finalidad es la de separar estos de la tierra y de otras impurezas con las que puedan venir acompañados.The present invention, which is intended to protect as a patent of invention, it is referred to as its own title suggests, to a device for dry separation of stones and fruits, whose purpose is to separate these from the earth and other impurities with which they may come accompanied.
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La recogida mecanizada de frutos del suelo presenta el problema de incorporar con ellos grandes cantidades de piedras, ramas, hojas y, sobre todo, tierra, lo que constituye un serio problema difícil de resolver a la hora de separar los frutos de las impurezas que los acompañan.The mechanized collection of fruits of the soil presents the problem of incorporating with them large amounts of stones, branches, leaves and, above all, earth, which constitutes a serious problem difficult to solve when separating the fruits of the impurities that accompany them.
En la actualidad, se encuentran en explotación comercial diferentes dispositivos para estas operaciones de separación. A estos efectos, se emplean corrientes de aire (para las hojas), mallas, planchas perforadas o cilindros separadores (para la tierra), despalilladoras (para las ramas y piedras mayores) y corrientes de agua (para las piedras menores), que se mueven dentro de las llamadas lavadoras de frutos.Currently, they are in operation commercial different devices for these operations of separation. For this purpose, air currents are used (for the sheets), meshes, perforated plates or separating cylinders (for the earth), destemmers (for branches and stones major) and water currents (for minor stones), which They move inside the so-called fruit washers.
Estas lavadoras funcionan a base de colocar en ellas los frutos y las piedras que las acompañan en un canal inclinado por el que circula una corriente de agua. Por la distinta flotabilidad de unos y otras, los frutos salen con el agua sobre una criba, y las piedras se hunden y quedan dentro del canal inclinado.These washing machines work based on placing in they the fruits and the stones that accompany them in a canal inclined by which a stream of water circulates. For the different buoyancy of each other, the fruits come out with the water on a sieve, and the stones sink and remain inside the canal inclined.
Este proceso presenta los siguientes inconvenientes:This process presents the following inconveniences:
a) Es necesario un gran volumen de agua para arrastrar la piedras y los frutos;a) A large volume of water is necessary to drag the stones and fruits;
b) El agua empleada se ensucia rápidamente, por lo que es necesario cambiarla con frecuencia para que los frutos salgan limpios, yb) The water used gets dirty quickly, by what is necessary to change it frequently so that the fruits go clean, and
c) El agua procedente del cambio no puede ser vertida a cauces públicos (ríos, arroyos, etc.), ni tampoco a redes de alcantarillado, dado su alto poder contaminante.c) The water from the change cannot be discharge to public channels (rivers, streams, etc.), nor to networks sewage system, given its high polluting power.
Por esto último, estas aguas deben ser conducidas a balsas de decantación, y ser tratadas por diferentes métodos, con los altos costes que ello conlleva, y los posibles peligros de contaminación de acuíferos, por eventuales filtraciones de tales balsas.For the latter, these waters must be led to settling rafts, and be treated by different methods, with the high costs that this entails, and the possible dangers of aquifer contamination, due to possible leaks of such rafts.
Para salvar estos problemas, la presente invención propone un dispositivo que combine las ventajas de los sistemas anteriores y elimine sus inconvenientes.To save these problems, the present invention proposes a device that combines the advantages of previous systems and eliminate their inconveniences.
Para ello, el dispositivo que se preconiza elimina el uso del agua, como hacen las llamadas lavadoras de frutos.To do this, the device that is recommended eliminates the use of water, as the so-called washing machines do fruits.
Éstas aprovechan la diferente densidad de frutos y piedras para separar unos y otras dentro de una corriente de agua. En la presente invención, se aprovecha también esta diferencia de densidades en un proceso por vía seca, así como las distintas capacidades de rodadura, cuando un conjunto de frutos y piedras es impulsado por una fuerte corriente de aire.These take advantage of the different density of fruits and stones to separate each other within a stream of Water. In the present invention, this is also used difference in densities in a dry process, as well as different rolling capacities, when a set of fruits and Stones is driven by a strong current of air.
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El dispositivo que se pretende registrar consta de tres estructuras:The device to be registered consists of of three structures:
Una estructura A, formada por un túnel abierto por sus extremos, por el que circula una fuerte corriente de aire. En uno de sus extremos, movidos por unos motores adecuados, van montados unos soplantes provistos de deflectores para conducir el flujo de aire; en el otro extremo, está abierta una simple salida de aire.A structure A, formed by an open tunnel at its ends, through which a strong current of air circulates. At one of its ends, moved by suitable motors, they go mounted blowers equipped with baffles to drive the air flow; at the other end, a simple exit of air.
En la parte superior, una abertura para la entrada del producto a tratar (frutos más piedras); en la inferior, dos salidas; una para los frutos y otra para las piedras, que saldrán separadamente.At the top, an opening for the entry of the product to be treated (fruits plus stones); in the lower one, two exits; one for the fruits and one for the stones, which They will come out separately.
Una estructura B, formada por una placa curvada sobre la que circula una cinta transportadora, de tipo sinfín, que se mueve con una cierta inclinación, y en contra del flujo de aire. Esta cinta está tendida entre dos rodillos, uno motriz y otro conducido.A structure B, formed by a curved plate on which circulates a conveyor belt, endless type, which it moves with a certain inclination, and against the flow of air. This belt is lying between two rollers, one drive and the other driven.
Esta segunda estructura está instalada dentro de la primera, ocupando casi todo su volumen interior.This second structure is installed within the first, occupying almost all its interior volume.
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Y una estructura C, formada por unas a modo de proas adosadas al borde de ataque de la estructura anterior, piezas constituidas por pares de placas de bordes convexos que, entre ellas, determinan unas toberas dirigidas hacia la cinta transportadora, estando todas ellas solidarizadas y atravesadas por un tubo de aire a presión, fluido que las alimenta y que sale con fuerza por dichas toberas.And a structure C, formed by ones as a bows attached to the leading edge of the previous structure, pieces constituted by pairs of convex edge plates that, between they determine some nozzles directed towards the tape transporter, all of them being in solidarity and crossed by a pressurized air tube, fluid that feeds them and leaves with force by said nozzles.
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Para una mejor comprensión de cuanto hasta aquí se ha descrito, se incluyen unas páginas de dibujos, correspondientes a una realización preferida de la invención, en la cuales puede ser observado lo que sigue:For a better understanding of how much here described, some pages of drawings are included, corresponding to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the which can be observed as follows:
En la figura 1, una vista de una sección, por un plano vertical, de las estructuras A, B y C.In Figure 1, a view of a section, by a vertical plane of structures A, B and C.
En la figura 2, una vista en planta de las estructuras B y C.In Figure 2, a plan view of the structures B and C.
En la figura 3, una vista en alzado frontal.In figure 3, a front elevation view.
En la figura 4, una vista en alzado trasero.In figure 4, a rear elevation view.
En la figura 5, una vista lateral derecha.In Figure 5, a right side view.
En la figura 6, una vista lateral izquierda.In Figure 6, a left side view.
En la figura 7, una vista en planta.In figure 7, a plan view.
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En ellas, se designan los distintos elementos con las siguientes referencias numéricas:In them, the different elements are designated with the following numerical references:
- 1.- one.-
- Abertura superior de carga.Top load opening.
- 2.- 2.-
- Soplantes de aire.Air blowers.
- 3.- 3.-
- Deflectores.Deflectors
- 4.- 4.-
- Abertura inferior delantera.Lower front opening.
- 5.- 5.-
- Abertura inferior trasera.Lower back opening.
- 6.- 6.-
- Salida libre posterior.Free rear exit.
- 7.- 7.-
- Cinta transportadora.Conveyer belt.
- 8.- 8.-
- Rodillo motriz.Drive roller
- 9.- 9.-
- Motor.Engine.
- 10.- 10.-
- Rodillo conducido.Driven roller
- 11.- eleven.-
- Alma estructura B.Structure Soul B.
- 12.- 12.-
- Tubo interior.Inner tube.
- 13.- 13.-
- Toberas.Nozzles
- 14.- 14.-
- Rodamientos.Bearings.
- 15.- fifteen.-
- Compresor de aire.Air compressor.
- 16.- 16.-
- Motor.Engine.
- 17.- 17.-
- Sentido de salida de las piedras.Sense of exit of the stones.
- 18.- 18.-
- Sentido de salida de los frutos.Sense of output of the fruits.
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De las figuras señaladas, puede deducirse con facilidad la forma y el funcionamiento de una realización preferente de la invención que se pretende proteger, destinada particularmente al tratamiento y a la limpieza de aceitunas.From the figures indicated, it can be deduced with ease the form and operation of an embodiment preference of the invention to be protected, intended particularly to the treatment and cleaning of olives.
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Los soplantes (2) producirán un flujo de aire dentro de la estructura A. Este flujo será orientado por el interior de dicha estructura por medio de los deflectores (3), así como por los perfiles de las estructuras B y C. Este flujo de aire recorrerá la superficie de la cinta transportadora (7), produciéndose un gradiente de velocidad en la proximidad de la misma a causa de su perfil convexo superior.The blowers (2) will produce an air flow within structure A. This flow will be guided by the inside said structure by means of the baffles (3), as well as per the profiles of structures B and C. This air flow will travel the surface of the conveyor belt (7), producing a velocity gradient in the vicinity of the same because of its superior convex profile.
Asimismo, a través del tubo interior (12), se inyectará aire a presión, que saldrá por las toberas (13), en dirección tangencial a la cinta transportadora (7), produciendo un flujo laminar y constante a lo largo de su superficie (efecto Coanda). Así, se asegurará en la capa límite de la cinta transportadora (7) la ausencia de turbulencias, aun teniendo en cuenta que ésta se moverá en sentido contrario al de los flujos de aire, es decir, a contracorriente de los mismos.Also, through the inner tube (12), it will inject air under pressure, which will come out of the nozzles (13), in tangential direction to the conveyor belt (7), producing a laminar and constant flow along its surface (effect Coanda). Thus, it will be secured in the boundary layer of the tape conveyor (7) the absence of turbulence, even taking into account that it will move in the opposite direction to the flows of air, that is, against the current of the same.
El funcionamiento del dispositivo seguirá las siguientes pautas:The operation of the device will follow the following guidelines:
Por la abertura superior (1) se introducirá la mezcla de aceitunas y piedras, que caerá sobre la cinta transportadora (7).The upper opening (1) will introduce the mixture of olives and stones, which will fall on the tape conveyor (7).
En el recorrido de la caída de esta mezcla, ya se producirá un primer arrastre de aceitunas al atravesar éstas la corriente de aire producida por los soplantes (2), cayendo en una posición más retrasada, con respecto a la de las piedras, sobre la cinta transportadora (7).In the course of the fall of this mixture, already there will be a first drag of olives when they cross the air flow produced by the blowers (2), falling into a position more delayed, with respect to that of the stones, on the conveyor belt (7).
Una vez sobre esta última las aceitunas y las piedras, la tendencia, pese al flujo de aire en contra, será la de ir en el sentido del desplazamiento de la cinta transportadora (7). Pero las fuerzas que actúan sobre las aceitunas y sobre las piedras harán que sus respectivos comportamientos sobre ella sean diferentes.Once on the latter the olives and the stones, the tendency, despite the flow of air against, will be that of go in the direction of movement of the conveyor belt (7). But the forces that act on olives and on stones they will make their respective behaviors about it different.
Las aceitunas serán arrastradas por la corriente de aire sobre la cinta transportadora (7), a causa del gradiente de velocidad del flujo dentro del túnel y al empuje del aire en la capa límite de aquélla, lo que además se verá favorecido por la forma ovoide de los frutos, que rodarán sobre la cinta transportadora (7), sin que prácticamente se vea su movimiento afectado por las fuerzas de rozamiento contra la misma.The olives will be dragged by the current of air on the conveyor belt (7), because of the gradient of flow velocity inside the tunnel and the air thrust in the boundary layer of the former, which will also be favored by the ovoid shape of the fruits, which will roll on the tape conveyor (7), with virtually no movement affected by friction forces against it.
En cuanto a las piedras, a causa de su escasa capacidad de rodadura, tenderán a deslizarse sobre la cinta transportadora (7), que se moverá en sentido contrario al del flujo de aire, al no poder vencer las piedras las fuerzas de rozamiento contra aquélla.As for the stones, because of their scarce rolling capacity, will tend to slide on the belt conveyor (7), which will move in the opposite direction to the flow of air, unable to beat the stones friction forces against that one.
Asimismo, a medida que las piedras se mueven sobre la cinta transportadora (7), y debido a la inclinación creciente de la estructura B, la acción de las fuerzas de rozamiento se verá reforzada por la componente vertical de su peso, oponiéndose así de manera cada vez más importante al empuje del aire, el cual, por otra parte, irá disminuyendo a medida que las piedras sobrepasen la estructura C.Also, as the stones move on the conveyor belt (7), and due to the inclination increasing structure B, the action of the forces of friction will be reinforced by the vertical component of its weight, thus opposing more and more importantly the thrust of the air, which, on the other hand, will decrease as the stones exceed structure C.
El resultado de todos estos efectos determinará que las piedras caigan por la abertura inferior delantera (4) y las aceitunas, que rodarán sobre la cinta transportadora (7), por la abertura inferior trasera (5), proceder separador que queda claramente reflejado en el esquema que muestra la figura 1.The result of all these effects will determine that the stones fall through the lower front opening (4) and the olives, which will roll on the conveyor belt (7), by the lower rear opening (5), proceed remaining separator clearly reflected in the scheme shown in figure 1.
No se considera necesario hacer más extensa esta descripción para que cualquier experto en la materia comprenda el alcance de la presente invención, así como los efectos técnicos y los beneficios nuevos que de la misma se puedan derivar.It is not considered necessary to extend this description so that any subject matter expert understands the Scope of the present invention, as well as the technical effects and the new benefits that can be derived from it.
Los términos en los que se ha redactado la presente memoria técnica deberán ser tomados siempre en el sentido más amplio y menos limitativo que resulte compatible con la esencialidad de la invención que en ella se describe y reivindica.The terms in which the This technical report must always be taken in the sense broader and less limiting that is compatible with the essentiality of the invention described therein and vindicate
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200702791A ES2331826B1 (en) | 2007-10-24 | 2007-10-24 | DRY STONE AND FRUIT SEPARATION DEVICE. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200702791A ES2331826B1 (en) | 2007-10-24 | 2007-10-24 | DRY STONE AND FRUIT SEPARATION DEVICE. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2331826A1 ES2331826A1 (en) | 2010-01-15 |
| ES2331826B1 true ES2331826B1 (en) | 2010-09-24 |
Family
ID=41466743
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200702791A Expired - Fee Related ES2331826B1 (en) | 2007-10-24 | 2007-10-24 | DRY STONE AND FRUIT SEPARATION DEVICE. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2331826B1 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1987640A (en) * | 1933-04-12 | 1935-01-15 | Samuel C Clow | Means for separating materials of different specific gravity |
| US2162392A (en) * | 1938-03-09 | 1939-06-13 | Jr Nicholas B Solomon | Peanut cleaner |
| ES459095A1 (en) * | 1976-05-24 | 1978-04-16 | Franco Europ Mat Ind Ali | Pneumatic separator to clean mechanically harvested vegetables - esp. green beams which become airborne while stones etc. fall through air stream |
| WO1990001377A1 (en) * | 1988-08-15 | 1990-02-22 | Dean Frahn | Rotary air cleaner and separator |
| WO1996008321A1 (en) * | 1994-09-15 | 1996-03-21 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Open air density separator |
-
2007
- 2007-10-24 ES ES200702791A patent/ES2331826B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1987640A (en) * | 1933-04-12 | 1935-01-15 | Samuel C Clow | Means for separating materials of different specific gravity |
| US2162392A (en) * | 1938-03-09 | 1939-06-13 | Jr Nicholas B Solomon | Peanut cleaner |
| ES459095A1 (en) * | 1976-05-24 | 1978-04-16 | Franco Europ Mat Ind Ali | Pneumatic separator to clean mechanically harvested vegetables - esp. green beams which become airborne while stones etc. fall through air stream |
| WO1990001377A1 (en) * | 1988-08-15 | 1990-02-22 | Dean Frahn | Rotary air cleaner and separator |
| WO1996008321A1 (en) * | 1994-09-15 | 1996-03-21 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Open air density separator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2331826A1 (en) | 2010-01-15 |
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