ES2396271T3 - Semimodule and semielemento of formwork lost of construction of swimming pools - Google Patents

Abstract

Semi-module for lost formwork element with a flat surface, comprising: - a body (10) in a single piece comprising a flat rectangular plate (12) sufficiently rigid to resist deformations while maintaining a flat surface, and a strap (18) in shape general conical trunk, spliced to the plate (12) at a distance from the outer edges of the plate on the side opposite the flat surface of the plate, and which flows into the side of its larger section through an opening (16) of the rectangular plate , the body comprising: - first complementary joining devices (24, 25) arranged on two first opposite sides (26), and intended to splice first sides (26) of these adjacent semimodules in position in which the seconds (28) of these semi-modules are aligned, and - second complementary joining devices (30, 32) arranged on the two opposite second sides (28), and intended to splice second sides (28) of two adjacent half-modules centes, and - the tie rod (18) comprising - third complementary joining devices (34, 36, 38, 40) arranged in the part of the tie rod (18) furthest from the plate (12) of the body and intended to splice the parts of straps (18) farther from the plate of two semi-modules arranged back to back, - the taper (18) and the thickness of the body (10) being such that two half-modules can be fitted by inserting the strap (18) of a half-module into the tie rod (18) of the other half-module through the opening (16) of the plate (12) forming an assembly whose thickness perpendicular to the flat surface of the plates (12) is less than 1.5 times the corresponding thickness of a half-module , characterized in that - the rectangular plate (21) of this semimodule has dimensions of 0.3 m to 0.5 m side, this plate preferably having a square shape of 0.33 m side.

Description

Semimodule and semielemento of formwork lost of construction of swimming pools.

The present invention concerns a semi-module that allows the formation of lost formwork elements for the construction of swimming pools, which especially have walls whose height varies progressively, a lost formwork element, and a procedure for the construction of swimming pools.

Public swimming pools generally have a small depth on one end. Users can stand on the bottom, and thus get a sense of security. On the opposite end, the pool has a large depth, sufficient to allow for example immersion. Between these extremities, the depth varies progressively.

Private pools have limited dimensions. Your deposit generally has a constant depth. Sometimes, the bottom of the deposit forms two or several parts of different depths that are separated by a kind of step. Other pools include, inside the walls and at a distance from them, a pit made at one end of the pool.

Most private pools have a depth greater than the size of children who therefore do not stand. It is therefore desirable to be able to make such private pools, whose length is of the order of 5 m to 15 m, with a depth that varies from one limb to the other, for example between 0.5 m on one limb and 2.5 m on the other limb

The invention concerns the realization of swimming pools, especially with a sloping bottom, with the help of lost formwork elements, formed by semimodules.

It is already known to use a lost formwork for the realization of the pool walls, this formwork having essentially two walls kept at a distance from each other and between which concrete is cast. This technology allows the realization of the pool in a reduced time and generally at a reduced cost.

WO 2006/035123 describes lost formwork elements in which two injected panels are mounted with braces located on both sides of an armature to form formwork modules. These modules are used for the construction of pool walls by splicing the formwork elements by separate joining bodies. When the panels are small, they can be made with little expensive injection presses. However, due to the presence of the braces, the panels occupy an important volume during transport.

Document FR-2 790 777 describes lost formwork modules formed by back-to-back maintenance of two half-modules by means of cooperation. Semi-modules can also be incorporated with lateral coupling means and upper and / or lower coupling means. Each module is used in the manner of a building block (brick, ashlar) since the module is trimmed in various ways according to its construction location, and overlapping modules are displaced laterally.

Document FR-2 842 555 describes an improvement of the aforementioned system in which each semimodule has an internal nerve at its edges, and adjacent modules can be spliced by "coupling means" which are separate organs from the semimodules and are intended to be mounted on the nerves of the two adjacent semimodules. The semimodules described have a large dimension, and have the disadvantage of occupying an important space during their transport from the manufacturing workshop to the construction site of the pool.

Less bulky panels have already been made during transport. Thus, document FR-2 778 933 describes panels made by association of back to back of two half-panels. The panels obtained can be associated one after the other for the construction of large walls. When the semipanels are not associated, they can fit into each other, so that they only occupy a small volume. These panels, which have a height of approximately 1.1 m, can be coupled one after the other but not from the bottom up. These panels are very comfortable, but for their manufacture they need high-power injection presses (several thousand tons) and therefore expensive molds. Consequently, each manufacturer limits its manufacture to a small number of panel heights, generally one or two.

However, it would be desirable to have panels that have progressive variations in height that allow the realization of pool walls whose bottom is inclined, such that the height of a pool side wall can vary, for example, between a height of 50 cm to 1 m in a limb and 2 m to 3 m on the other limb. None of the aforementioned documents describe means of obtaining such panels, without it being necessary to adapt the panels for example by trimming or displacement, as in a classic block-based construction (bricks or ashlars).

It is known that pool walls made of lost formwork are made of reinforced concrete; Thus, before pouring the concrete, reinforcement iron panels are placed inside the panels and, preferably, they are folded at the bottom of the pool to be housed in the cast concrete to

form the bottom of the pool floor. It is thus known that it is advantageous to communicate the lower part of the space of the lost formwork with the floor so that the reinforced concrete of the walls is anchored to that of the floor bottom of the pool.

In addition, for reasons of mechanical resistance, especially buckling, obtained for the same amount of concrete used, a relatively thick pool wall, which has alveoli, is preferable to a thinner wall without alveoli. Document FR-2 778 933 cited above describes a lost formwork system of this type in which braces delimit alveoli intended to contain no concrete.

The invention concerns a system for manufacturing lost formwork for swimming pools that allows the construction of swimming pools that have an inclined bottom.

For this purpose, the construction must be carried out according to the technique of arrangement next to each other of formwork elements whose interior communicates for the passage of the concrete, because this considerably reduces the construction time and difficulty. This must be done from semi-elements that can be fitted so that the transport cost is reduced. This should be done with juxtaposed elements of lengths that vary progressively, for the formation of an inclined bottom. This, finally, must implement organs of small dimensions, so that they can be injected with little expensive presses (a few hundred tons).

In accordance with the invention, it has been realized that, if rectangular panels having dimensions of 0.3 m to 0.5 m side were used, for example of a square shape of approximately 0.33 m side, it would be a very small number of extension organs is sufficient to obtain a series of panels having a length that has all the necessary reduced pitch values, for example between 5 cm and 12 cm, which allow the construction of low-pitched bottom pools cost.

For this purpose, the system according to the invention comprises semimodules that can be spliced together in one direction to form semi-elements, the latter being nestable to occupy a small volume during transport, and lost formwork elements obtained by splicing back with back of the semi-elements. Each semimodule has, for example, a rectangular or square shape of 0.33 m side, and only certain semi-elements are provided with extension elements in small numbers, small in size and easy to splice.

The essential element of such a system is a semimodule that has a plate, for example of 0.33 mx 0.33 m, provided with a tray in the form of a cuvette, associated with other semimodules to form a lost formwork semi-element, two semi-elements being arranged back to back to form a lost formwork element.

For this purpose, each half-module has first joining devices that allow cooperation of the half-modules with one another in one direction to form semi-elements, and second joining devices that allow a cooperation of a half-element with an adjacent half-element of lost formwork.

Naturally, third joining devices allow the back-to-back splicing of two semi-elements for the formation of a lost wall formwork element.

Preferably, the third complementary joining devices have a position symmetry such that a single type of semimodule is sufficient.

The system further comprises extension organs that are very simple since these are simply intended to be connected to first semimodule joining devices to extend the semi-element a length for example of 6.5 cm, 13 cm, 19.5 cm or 26 cm , or 11 cm and 22 cm, these extension organs can be cut in a rectangular or square extension organ, for example 0.33 mx 0.33 m.

More precisely, the invention concerns a half-module for a flat-surface lost formwork element, comprising a one-piece body comprising a flat rectangular plate rigid enough to resist deformations while retaining a flat surface, and a shape-shaped shoulder general conical, spliced to the plate at a distance from the outer edges of the plate on the side opposite the flat surface of the plate, and which flows into the side of its larger section through an opening of the rectangular plate, the body comprising first complementary joining devices arranged on two first opposite sides, and intended to splice first sides of two adjacent half-modules in a position in which the second sides of these half-modules are aligned, and second complementary joining devices arranged on the two second opposite sides, and intended to splice second sides of two adjacent half modules, and comprised The third tie-rods are complementary complementary devices arranged in the part of the strut furthest from the body plate and intended to splice the stranger parts furthest from the plate of two half-modules arranged back to back, the taper being taper and thickness of the body such that two half-modules can be fitted by inserting the strap of one half-module into the strap of the other half-module through the opening of the plate forming an assembly whose thickness perpendicular to the flat surface of the plates is less than 1.5 times, and preferably 1.2 times, the corresponding thickness of a half-module, the rectangular plate of this half-module having dimensions of 0.3 m to 0.5 m side, this plate preferably having a square shape of 0.33 m side.

Preferably, the half module is formed in one piece by injection of plastic material.

Preferably, the first complementary joining devices cooperate by sliding in a direction parallel to the first sides.

Preferably, the second complementary joining devices cooperate by engagement in the direction perpendicular to the second sides.

Preferably, the first complementary joining devices are not spliced to the second complementary joining devices.

Preferably, the third complementary joining devices comprise male and female organs having a positional symmetry such that two opposite half-modules 180 ° can cooperate by their third complementary joining devices.

Preferably, the third complementary joining devices cooperate by engagement in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the plate.

Preferably, the third complementary joining devices are provided with locking devices such that, when the joining has been made, the joining devices cannot be separated.

Preferably, each half module comprises, in addition, a cover intended to close the opening of the body.

Preferably, the lid has a surface opposite to the cuvette which, in the closed position of the body opening, is in the plane of the flat surface of the body.

Preferably, the rectangular shape of the semimodule plate is a square shape.

Preferably, the half-module also comprises a ventilation hole that allows the circulation of a gas between the two sides of the half-module.

Preferably, the strap has a bottom, opposite the opening, which is closed.

The invention also concerns a lost formwork half-element for wall, comprising several lost formwork half-modules according to any one of the preceding claims, the half-modules on each side of the element having their second sides aligned; According to the invention, the semi-element comprises an extension device in the form of a flat plate having a first side provided with a joining device of the type of the first complementary joining devices, and whose dimension, in the direction of the second sides of the half-modules, it is less than the dimension of the second sides of the half-modules.

The invention also concerns a method of construction of swimming pools, of the type comprising, a first group of operations comprising the manufacture of nestable formwork half-elements lost, and the transport of the embedded half-elements to the construction site, and a second group of operations comprising the formation of formwork elements lost by splicing of semi-elements, the construction of the formwork lost by juxtaposition of the formwork elements lost, and the concrete casting in the lost formwork; According to the invention, the manufacture of nestable half-elements of lost formwork comprises the manufacture of semimodules nestable by injection of plastic material, and the splicing of several semimodules in one direction for the formation of half-elements of lost formwork, and the transport of the semi-elements fitted to the construction site is made at a time chosen between a moment that precedes the splicing of the half-modules, and a moment that follows the splicing of the half-modules.

A first advantage of the invention is that the construction is carried out by splicing formwork elements side by side, in a manner that considerably reduces construction time and difficulty.

A second advantage of the invention is that the elements used for construction are nestable, so that the cost of transport to the construction site is reduced.

A third advantage of the invention is that the construction can be performed with juxtaposible elements of lengths that vary progressively for the formation of an inclined bottom.

A fourth advantage of the invention is that the semimodules have small dimensions, and are injected into little expensive presses (200 t to 300 t for example).

Other features and advantages of the invention will be better understood by reading the following description of an exemplary embodiment, made referring to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a half module for formwork element lost according to the invention;

Figure 2 represents the rear part of the half module of Figure 1;

Figures 3a and 3b represent the back and front face of a cover intended to close the opening of the half module of Figures 1 and 2;

Figure 4 represents the arrangement of two semi-elements formed by semimodules placed back to back for the formation of a lost formwork element;

Figures 5a and 5b represent in more detail the cooperation of the third semimodule joining devices;

Figure 6 represents the engagement of three half-modules of Figures 1 and 2; Y

Figure 7 represents the arrangement of lost formwork elements used for the realization of a pool wall.

Figures 1 and 2 represent, in a rotated form 90 ° with respect to the position of use, a semi-module body 10 comprising a plate 12 that delimits a flat surface. This plate 12 is rigid and has sufficient mechanical strength to retain its flat shape under the conditions of use. For example, plate 12 has ribs 14 placed on the back.

A large opening 16 leads to a cutaway cone-shaped shoulder 18. The section of the strap is not necessarily circular, and can advantageously be in the form of a quadrilateral of rounded angles. A central projection 20 is intended to support the center of a cover 22 shown in Figures 3a and 3b. Preferably, a ventilation hole allows the passage of a gas between the two sides of the half module.

Figures 1 and 2 represent first complementary joining devices 24, 25 on opposite first sides 26 that are intended to be horizontal, these joining devices 24, 25 being able to be cooperated by sliding in a horizontal direction, with a side 26 having a groove . The splicing operation of two half-modules by the first complementary joining devices 24, 25 is advantageously carried out at the factory, once the length of the lost formwork element to be performed is known, that is to say the number of the half-modules of the lost formwork half-element .

The second sides 28 of the body 10 comprise second complementary joining devices arranged on the second opposite sides and comprising, on the one hand, a leg 30 having a latch 32 and, on the other, a housing (not shown) for this leg. These second complementary joining devices are intended to be placed in cooperation, preferably at the construction site, when the formwork elements are juxtaposed.

The tank bottom 18 in the form of a cuvette has third complementary joining devices, more clearly shown in Figures 5a and 5b. These comprise a projection 34 intended to penetrate into a housing 36 of an associated half-module, and hooks 38 mounted on elastic arms and intended to engage in engagement flanges 40 of an associated half-module, when two half-modules are arranged back to back, after one 180º rotation. Thus, a projection 34 of a half-module is intended to cooperate with a housing 36 of the other half-module, and an elastic hook 38 of a half-module is intended to cooperate with a engagement flange 40 of the other half-module. This cooperation of the hooks and the flanges constitutes a device for blocking the braces of two half-modules with one another.

In this way, the third joining devices of one half module are blocked once they have been placed in cooperation with the complementary joining devices of another half module.

Thus, thanks to the first, second and third complementary joining devices, the splicing of a semimodule with a semi-module adjacent on the sides for the formation of a semi-element, the splicing of a semi-element with another semi-element for the formation of an element, and the splicing of the juxtaposed elements does not need separate joining elements that could be lost.

Figure 4 shows in section a part of a lost formwork element. This element is formed by splicing two semi-elements by the third joining devices, these semi-elements having been formed in turn by semimodule splices. In this figure it is observed that only the half-module destined to be turned towards the inside of the pool (at the bottom of the figure) has a lid 22 carried by a projection

20. Indeed, only this side should form a continuous plane.

The advantage of the semimodules described so far is that they can be easily fitted, as indicated in Figure 6, so that they can be transported occupying a reduced volume. Also, semi-elements formed by semimodules can be embedded.

Figure 7 indicates the position of the half-modules in a lost formwork of the pool wall. The pool has a part of 0.66 m deep by 1 m long on one end, and a part 2.66 m deep by 1 m long on the other end. In the intermediate part of 6 m in length, the depth increases progressively with a slope of 0.33 m per meter.

5 For such an embodiment, two extension organs, one of 0.11 m and the other of 0.22 m in height, are sufficient. Each extension element is flat, without a strap, and has, on its major side intended to be horizontal, a joint device (25 or 24) complementary to the third joint device (24 or 25) of the lower side of the adjacent half-module.

Extension elements may also be considered that have an inclined edge according to the inclination of the pool, but it has been realized that it was preferable that the edges of the extension elements

10 will remain horizontal, so that, on one end, these are supported for the support of the lost formwork element and, on the other end, they leave an opening of passage of reinforcement and concrete when it is cast into the lost formwork.

Thus, at least some of the lost formwork elements of the intermediate part of the wall have a flat plate-shaped extension member having a first side provided with a joining device of the type of the

15 first complementary joining devices, and whose dimension, in the direction of the second sides of the half-modules, is less than the size of the second sides of the half-modules.

The invention also concerns a method of construction of swimming pools that allows significant cost reductions. First, the cost is reduced because the cost of transport is reduced: the half-modules

or the semi-elements that are transported are nestable and therefore occupy a reduced volume. After the

The cost is reduced because the manufacture of nestable semi-elements comprises the manufacture of semi-modules of reduced dimensions, by injection of plastic material with the help of low-power presses. Finally, the cost is reduced because it is not necessary to use supplementary splicing organs of the half-modules or semi-elements, since all the joining devices are molded in one piece with each half-module.

Claims (10)

1. Semi-module for lost formwork element with flat surface, comprising:

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 a body (10) in a single piece comprising a flat rectangular plate (12) rigid enough to resist deformations while retaining a flat surface, and a brace (18) generally conical, spliced to the plate (12) at a distance of the outer edges of the plate on the side opposite the flat surface of the plate, and which flows into the side of its larger section through an opening (16) of the rectangular plate, the body comprising:

-

 first complementary joining devices (24, 25) arranged on two first opposite sides (26), and intended to splice first sides (26) of these adjacent half modules in a position in which the second sides (28) of these half modules are aligned, Y

-

 second complementary joining devices (30, 32) arranged on the two opposite second sides (28), and intended to splice second sides (28) of two adjacent half-modules, and

-

 the strap (18) comprising

-

 third complementary connecting devices (34, 36, 38, 40) arranged in the part of the tie rod (18) furthest from the plate (12) of the body and intended to splice the tie parts (18) furthest from the plate two semimodules arranged back to back,

-

 the taper of the tie rod (18) and the thickness of the body (10) being such that two half-modules can be fitted by inserting the strap (18) of a half-module into the strap (18) of the other half-module through the opening (16) of the plate

(12) forming an assembly whose thickness in the direction perpendicular to the flat surface of the plates (12) is less than 1.5 times the corresponding thickness of a half-module, characterized in that

-

 The rectangular plate (21) of this half-module has dimensions of 0.3 m to 0.5 m side, this plate preferably having a square shape of 0.33 m side.

2.

 Semi-module according to claim 1, characterized in that the half-module is formed by injection into a single piece of plastic material.

3.

 Semi-module according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the first complementary joining devices (24, 25) cooperate by sliding in a direction parallel to the first sides (26).

Four.

 Semi-module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second complementary joining devices (30, 32) cooperate by engagement in the direction perpendicular to the second sides (28).

5.

 Semi-module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the third complementary connecting devices (34, 36, 38, 40) comprise male organs (34, 38) and female organs (36) having a position symmetry such that two opposing half-modules 180º can cooperate by their third complementary devices of union (34, 36, 38, 40).

6.

 Semi-module according to claim 5, characterized in that the third complementary joining devices (34, 36, 38, 40) are provided with blocking devices such that, when the union is made, the third joining devices (34, 36, 38, 40) cannot be separated.

7.

 Semi-module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each half-module also comprises a cover (22) intended to close the opening (16).

8.

 Semi-module according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rectangular form of the half-module is a square form.

9.

 Lost formwork half-module for walls, comprising several formwork half-modules lost according to any one of the preceding claims, the half-modules on each side of the element having their second sides (28) aligned, characterized in that it comprises an extension member in the form of flat plate having a first side provided with a joining device of the type of the first complementary joining devices (24, 25), and whose dimension, in the direction of the second sides (28) of the half-modules, is less than the dimension of the second sides (28) of the semimodules.

10.

 Pool construction procedure, of the type comprising a first group of operations comprising:

-

 the manufacture of encapsulated semi-elements of lost formwork, and

-

 the transport of the embedded semielements to the construction site, and

a second group of operations comprising:

-

 the formation of formwork elements lost by splicing of semi-elements,

-

 formwork construction by juxtaposition of lost formwork elements, and

- concrete casting in the lost formwork, 5 characterized because

-

 the manufacture of encapsulated semi-elements of lost formwork comprises

-

 the manufacture of nestable semimodules according to any one of claims 1 to 9, by injection of plastic material, and

-

 the splicing of several semimodules in one direction for the formation of lost formwork semi-elements, and

10 - the transport of the embedded semielements to the construction site is carried out at a time chosen between a moment that precedes the splicing of the half-modules, and a moment that follows the splicing of the half-modules.