ES2393015T3 - Sistema de retención de material de refuerzo separable para uso con un dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado - Google Patents
Sistema de retención de material de refuerzo separable para uso con un dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado Download PDFInfo
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- ES2393015T3 ES2393015T3 ES08252052T ES08252052T ES2393015T3 ES 2393015 T3 ES2393015 T3 ES 2393015T3 ES 08252052 T ES08252052 T ES 08252052T ES 08252052 T ES08252052 T ES 08252052T ES 2393015 T3 ES2393015 T3 ES 2393015T3
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- anvil
- reinforcement
- staple
- staples
- reinforcement material
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Abstract
Una grapadora quirúrgica (10) para desplegar grapas en un tejido, que comprende:una pareja de mordazas (20, 22) para acoplarse con el tejido, incluyendo la pareja de mordazas (20, 22) un cartuchode grapas (22) y un yunque (20), definiendo al menos una de las mordazas (20, 22) una pluralidad de cavidades(60),un material de refuerzo (24) de la hilera de grapas situado sobre una de las mordazas (20, 22), yuna pluralidad de retenedores (28) que pasan a través del material de refuerzo (24) de la hilera de grapas, estandodispuesto cada uno de los retenedores (28) en una de las cavidades (60) de modo que retengan de modo liberableel material de refuerzo (24) de la hilera de grapas sobre la al menos una mordaza (20, 22) que define dichapluralidad de cavidades;caracterizada porque el retenedor (28) es una grapa que tiene un arco (50) y una pareja de patas (52, 54) que seextienden desde el arco (50).
Description
Sistemas de retención de material de refuerzo separable para uso con un dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado
- 1.
- Campo de la invención
La presente descripción se refiere a sistemas de unión de materiales de refuerzo para hileras de grapas. Más concretamente, la presente descripción se refiere a sistemas para unir temporalmente materiales de refuerzo para hileras de grapas a un yunque y a un cartucho de grapas de un instrumento quirúrgico de grapado.
- 2.
- Antecedentes de la invención
Los instrumentos quirúrgicos de grapado, o "dispositivos de grapado", se emplean por los cirujanos para aplicar secuencial o simultáneamente una o más filas de fijaciones, por ejemplo, grapas o fijaciones en dos partes, a un tejido corporal a los efectos de unir segmentos del tejido corporal entre sí. Tales dispositivos incluyen generalmente una pareja de mordazas o estructuras a modo de dedos entre las cuales se sitúa el tejido corporal que va a ser unido. Cuando el dispositivo de grapado se acciona, o se "dispara", unas barras de disparo de movimiento longitudinal hacen contacto con miembros de accionamiento de grapas en una de las mordazas. Los miembros de accionamiento de grapas empujan las grapas quirúrgicas a través del tejido corporal y en un yunque en la mordaza opuesta lo que pliega las grapas cerrándolas. Si el tejido va a ser retirado o separado, se puede disponer una cuchilla de corte en las mordazas del dispositivo para cortar el tejido entre las hileras de grapas.
Al grapar tejidos relativamente delgados o frágiles, es importante sellar de modo efectivo la hilera de grapas frente a fugas de aire o fluido. Además, a menudo es necesario reforzar la hilera de grapas frente al tejido para impedir desgarros en el tejido o la extracción de las grapas a través del tejido. Un procedimiento para impedir desgarros o extracciones implica situar un material de refuerzo de tejido biocompatible, o material "de refuerzo", entre la grapa y el tejido subyacente. En este procedimiento, se sitúa una capa de material de refuerzo contra el tejido y el tejido se grapa de un modo convencional. En procedimientos más recientes, el material de refuerzo se sitúa sobre el propio instrumento de grapado antes de grapar el tejido. Un ejemplo ejemplar de esto se divulga en la patente norteamericana nº 5.542.594 de McKean et al. En McKean et al. se desliza un tubo de material de refuerzo sobre la mordaza de la grapadora. La grapadora se acciona a continuación para grapar el tejido objeto y asegurar el material de refuerzo entre el tejido y la hilera de grapas para reforzar el tejido y la hilera de grapas.
El documento US5.542.594 divulga un aparato quirúrgico de grapado que tiene un tejido quirúrgico biocompatible unido de modo liberable al mismo. El tejido se sostiene de modo liberable a superficies del aparato de grapado mediante clavijas lineales que se asientan en cavidades en la superficie del cartucho de grapas o con pinzas que se extienden alrededor del cartucho de grapas.
Al situar el material de refuerzo sobre las mordazas de la grapadora quirúrgica, es deseable retener de modo liberable el material de refuerzo contra las mordazas. Así pues, es deseable proporcionar retenedores para retener de modo liberable el material de refuerzo contra las mordazas del instrumento quirúrgico.
La presente invención se refiere a una grapadora quirúrgica (10) para desplegar grapas en un tejido, que comprende:
una pareja de mordazas (20, 22) para acoplarse con el tejido, incluyendo la pareja de mordazas (20, 22) un cartucho de grapas (22) y un yunque (20), definiendo al menos una de las mordazas (20, 22) una pluralidad de cavidades (60),
un material de refuerzo (24) de la hilera de grapas situado sobre una de las mordazas (20, 22), y
una pluralidad de retenedores (28) que pasan a través del material de refuerzo (24) de la hilera de grapas, estando dispuesto cada uno de los retenedores (28) en una de las cavidades (60) de modo que retengan de modo liberable el material de refuerzo (24) de la hilera de grapas sobre la al menos una mordaza (20, 22) que define dicha pluralidad de cavidades;
caracterizada porque el retenedor (28) es una grapa que tiene un arco (50) y una pareja de patas (52, 54) que se extienden desde el arco (50).
Se divulga una grapadora quirúrgica para desplegar grapas en tejido, la grapadora quirúrgica tiene una pareja de mordazas para acoplarse con el tejido, incluyendo un cartucho de grapas y un yunque, en la que al menos una de las mordazas define una pluralidad de cavidades. Un material de refuerzo de la hilera de grapas se sitúa sobre una de las mordazas y una pluralidad de retenedores pasa a través del material de refuerzo de la hilera de grapas. Cada uno de los retenedores está dispuesto en una de las cavidades en las mordazas de modo que retiene de modo liberable el material de refuerzo de la hilera de grapas sobre la al menos una mordaza.
El retenedor es una grapa que tiene un arco y una pareja de patas que se extiende desde el arco, y las cavidades en la al menos una mordaza definen una pareja de orificios, las patas de la grapa pasan a través de los orificios de tal modo que las puntas de las patas son plegadas sobre el material de refuerzo de la hilera de grapas.
En otro modo de realización, las patas de la grapas se insertan a través del material de refuerzo de la hilera de grapas de tal modo que las patas de la grapa están situadas parcialmente en las cavidades y el arco de la grapa asegura el material de refuerzo del hilera de grapas a la al menos una mordaza. En un modo de realización más específico, las patas de la grapa están plegadas en las cavidades.
En ciertas descripciones ejemplares, el material de refuerzo del hilera de grapas incluye una pluralidad de ranuras y las cavidades están formadas igualmente como ranuras. Los retenedores son grapas que pasan a través de las ranuras en el material de refuerzo de la hilera de grapas y la mordaza. En un ejemplo, el retenedor es una pinza que tiene una placa y un labio en ángulo que se extiende desde la placa, acoplándose el labio en ángulo con el material de refuerzo de la hilera de grapas. La pinza tiene un borde en ángulo a lo largo de un lado, siendo acoplable el borde en ángulo con un arrastre de la grapadora quirúrgica.
En un ejemplo adicional, la pinza es una viga en I que tiene una porción central y vigas superior e inferior que se extienden desde extremos de la porción central. Una cara inferior de la viga superior se acopla con el material de refuerzo de la hilera de grapas y extremos de la viga inferior se acoplan por fricción con superficies que definen las cavidades.
En ciertos modos de realización, el retenedor es absorbible en el cuerpo de un paciente.
Se divulga asimismo un procedimiento para aplicar un material de refuerzo de la hilera de grapas a una hilera de grapas quirúrgicas. El procedimiento incluye proporcionar una grapadora quirúrgica que tiene una pareja de mordazas que incluye un cartucho de grapas y un yunque, teniendo la grapadora quirúrgica un material de refuerzo dispuesto de modo liberable sobre al menos una de las mordazas y una pluralidad de retenedores que pasan a través del material de refuerzo de la hilera de grapas y al interior de cavidades formadas en la al menos una mordaza.
En el procedimiento divulgado, la grapadora quirúrgica es accionada para conducir grapas contenidas en el cartucho de grapas a través del material de refuerzo y el tejido capturado entre las mordazas y al interior del yunque de modo que grape el material de refuerzo al tejido. En un ejemplo del procedimiento, los retenedores son retenidos en la al menos una mordaza una vez que material de refuerzo ha sido grapado al tejido. En un modo de realización alternativo del procedimiento divulgado, los retenedores son retenidos en el material de refuerzo una vez que el material de refuerzo ha sido grapado al tejido.
En un ejemplo del procedimiento divulgado los retenedores son grapas inversas retenidas por fricción en las cavidades, mientras que en un ejemplo alternativo del procedimiento divulgado los retenedores son pinzas que pasan a través del material de refuerzo. Una superficie de las pinzas se acopla con el material de refuerzo.
Diversos modos de realización de los sistemas actualmente divulgados para unir materiales de refuerzo de hileras de grapas a un instrumento quirúrgico de grapado se divulgan aquí con referencia a los dibujos, en los cuales:
la figura 1 es una vista en perspectiva de un instrumento quirúrgico de grapado que incorpora modos de realización de sistemas de retención para unir materiales de refuerzo de hileras de grapas a un yunque y a un cartucho de grapas;
la figura 2 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada del extremo distal del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado de la figura 1;
la figura 3 es una vista en perspectiva, con piezas separadas, de un modo de realización de un sistema de retención del yunque y el material de refuerzo;
la figura 4 es una vista en perspectiva, mostrada parcialmente en sección, tomada a lo largo de la línea 4-4 de la figura 2;
la figura 5 es una vista lateral, mostrada parcialmente en sección, tomada a lo largo de la línea 5-5 de la figura 3, que ilustra el montaje inicial de un sistema de retención del refuerzo del yunque;
la figura 6 es una vista lateral, mostrada parcialmente en sección, que ilustra el plegado parcial de una pinza de
retención del sistema de retención del refuerzo del yunque;
la figura 7 es una vista en perspectiva, con piezas separadas, de un modo de realización de un sistema de retención
del cartucho de grapas y el material de refuerzo;
la figura 8 es una vista en perspectiva de un conjunto de cartucho de grapas que ilustra el sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho de grapas parcialmente montado;
la figura 9 es una vista lateral, mostrada parcialmente en sección, tomada a lo largo de la línea 9-9 de la figura 8;
la figura 10 es una vista lateral, mostrada parcialmente en sección, similar a la figura 9, que ilustra el plegado de una
grapa inversa del sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho de grapas;
la figura 11 es una vista en perspectiva del extremo distal del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado de la figura 1,
situado alrededor de una sección de tejido;
la figura 12 es una vista en sección transversal de la sección de tejido situada entre el conjunto de yunque y el
conjunto de cartucho del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado de la figura 1;
la figura 13 es una vista en sección transversal, similar a la figura 12, durante el accionamiento inicial del instrumento
quirúrgico de grapado de la figura 1;
la figura 14 es una vista en sección transversal, similar a la figura 13, durante la accionamiento del instrumento
quirúrgico de grapado para grapar la sección de tejido;
la figura 15 es una vista en sección transversal, similar a la figura 14, tras el accionamiento que ilustra la liberación
de la sección de tejido grapado;
la figura 16 es una vista en perspectiva de la sección de tejido grapado con materiales de refuerzo unidos;
la figura 17 es una vista en sección transversal tomada a lo largo de la línea 17-17 de la figura 16;
la figura 18 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada del extremo distal del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado de la
figura 1 que incorpora modos de realización alternativos de sistemas de retención para unir materiales de refuerzo
de hileras de grapas a un yunque y cartucho de grapas;
la figura 19 es una vista en perspectiva, con piezas separadas, de otro modo de realización de un sistema de
retención del yunque y material de refuerzo de acuerdo con la figura 18;
la figura 20 es una vista en perspectiva de una pinza de retención del sistema de retención del refuerzo del yunque
de la figura 19;
la figura 21 es una vista en perspectiva, mostrada parcialmente en sección, tomada a lo largo de la línea 21-21 de la
figura 18;
la figura 22 es una vista en perspectiva de una pinza de retención alternativa para su uso en el sistema de retención
del refuerzo del yunque de la figura 18;
la figura 23 es una vista en perspectiva de una pinza de retención alternativa adicional para su uso en el sistema de
retención del refuerzo del yunque de la figura 18;
la figura 24 es una vista en perspectiva, con piezas separadas, de otro modo de realización de un sistema de
retención del cartucho de grapas y material de refuerzo de acuerdo con la figura 18;
la figura 25 es una vista en perspectiva de una grapa que ilustra el sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho de
grapas de la figura 24 parcialmente montado;
la figura 26 es una vista lateral, mostrada parcialmente en sección, que ilustra la inserción de una grapa inversa que
está siendo insertada en un alojamiento de grapas;
la figura 27 es una vista lateral, mostrada parcialmente en sección, que ilustra la grapa inversa retenida por fricción
en el alojamiento de grapas;
la figura 28 es una vista en perspectiva del extremo distal del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado ilustrado en la figura
18 situado alrededor de una sección de tejido,
la figura 29 es una vista en sección transversal tomada a lo largo de la línea 29-29 de la figura 28;
la figura 30 es una vista en sección transversal, similar a la figura 29, durante el accionamiento inicial;
la figura 31 es una vista en sección transversal, similar a la figura 30, durante el accionamiento para grapar la sección de tejido;
la figura 32 es una vista en sección transversal, similar a la figura 31, tras el accionamiento ilustrando la liberación de la sección de tejido grapado;
la figura 33 es una vista en perspectiva de la sección de tejido grapado con el material de refuerzo unido;
la figura 34 es una vista lateral, mostrada parcialmente en sección, tomada a lo largo de la línea 34-34 de la figura 33;
la figura 35 es una vista en perspectiva ampliada del extremo distal del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado de la figura 1 que incorpora modos de realización alternativos adicionales de sistemas de retención para unir materiales de refuerzo de hileras de grapas a un yunque y cartucho de grapas;
la figura 36 es una vista en perspectiva, con piezas separadas, de un sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho de grapas de acuerdo con la figura 35;
la figura 37 es una vista en perspectiva de una pinza de retención de viga en I del sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho de grapas de la figura 36;
la figura 38 es una vista lateral, mostrada parcialmente en sección, de la pinza de retención de viga en I retenida por fricción en el cartucho de grapas;
la figura 39 es una vista en sección transversal de una sección de tejido situada entre los conjuntos del yunque y cartucho de la figura 35;
la figura 40 es una vista en sección transversal, similar a la figura 39, durante el accionamiento inicial;
la figura 41 es una vista en sección transversal, similar a la figura 40, durante el accionamiento para grapar la sección de tejido;
la figura 42 es una vista en sección transversal, similar a la figura 41, tras el accionamiento que ilustra la liberación de la sección de tejido grapado;
la figura 43 es una vista en perspectiva de la sección de tejido grapado; y
la figura 44 es una vista en sección transversal de la sección de tejido grapado tomada a lo largo de la línea 44-44 de la figura 43.
A continuación se describirán en detalle modos de realización de los sistemas de retención de material de refuerzo separable divulgados actualmente para su uso con instrumentos quirúrgicos de grapado, en referencia a los dibujos en los cuales números similares designan elementos idénticos o correspondientes en cada una de las diversas vistas. Como es habitual en el estado de la técnica, el término "proximal" se refiere a aquella pieza o componente más próximo al usuario u operario, esto es, al cirujano o médico, mientras que el término "distal" se refiere a aquella pieza o componente más alejado del usuario.
En referencia a continuación a la figura 1, se divulga un instrumento quirúrgico de grapado lineal o grapadora quirúrgica 10 usado para grapar tejido y aplicar capas de material de refuerzo entre las grapas y el tejido subyacente. Un ejemplo ejemplar de este tipo de instrumento quirúrgico de grapado se divulga en la patente norteamericana nº 7.128.253. La grapadora quirúrgica 10 incluye generalmente un mango 12 que tiene un miembro tubular alargado 14 que se extiende de modo distal desde el mango 12. Un conjunto de mordazas 16 está montado en un extremo distal 18 del miembro tubular alargado 14. El conjunto de mordazas 16 incluye un yunque de remachado de grapas 20 y un cartucho conteniendo grapas o cartucho de grapas 22. El cartucho de grapas 22 puede estar fijado permanentemente al miembro tubular alargado 14 o puede ser separable y sustituible así por un nuevo cartucho de grapas 22. El yunque de remachado de grapas 20 está montado de modo movible sobre el extremo distal 18 del miembro tubular alargado 14 y es desplazable entre una posición abierta, separada del cartucho de grapas 22, y una posición cerrada, sustancialmente contigua al cartucho de grapas 22.
El yunque de remachado de grapas 20 está dotado de una capa de material de refuerzo del yunque 24 y un cartucho 22 está dotado de una capa de material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 del modo descrito en más detalle a continuación. Una pluralidad de retenedores del refuerzo del yunque en forma de grapas inversas 28 se dispone para asegurar de modo liberable el material de refuerzo del yunque al yunque de remachado de grapas 20. Igualmente, una pluralidad de retenedores del refuerzo del cartucho en la forma de grapas inversas 30 se dispone para asegurar de modo liberable el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 al cartucho de grapas 22. El material de refuerzo del yunque 24 y el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 están dispuestos para reforzar y sellar hileras de grapas aplicadas al tejido mediante la grapadora quirúrgica 10.
La grapadora quirúrgica 10 incluye un gatillo 32 montado de modo movible en el mango 12. El accionamiento del gatillo 32 funciona inicialmente para mover el yunque 20 de la posición abierta a la posición cerrada con relación al cartucho de grapas 22 y acciona subsecuentemente la grapadora quirúrgica 10 para aplicar hileras de grapas al tejido. Con el fin de orientar adecuadamente el conjunto de mordazas 16 con relación al tejido que va ser grapado, la grapadora quirúrgica 10 está dotada adicionalmente de un botón giratorio montado en el mango 12. El giro del botón giratorio 34 con relación al mango 12 hace girar el miembro tubular alargado 14 y el conjunto de mordazas 16 con relación al mango 12 de modo que el conjunto de mordazas 16 se orienta adecuadamente con relación al tejido que va a ser grapado.
En referencia a la figura 2, se proporciona un arrastre 36 para desplazar el yunque 20 entre las posiciones abierta y cerrada con relación al cartucho de grapas 22. El arrastre 36 se mueve entre una ranura longitudinal 38 formada en el yunque 20. Una cuchilla (no mostrada) está asociada con el arrastre 32 para cortar tejido capturado entre el yunque 20 y el cartucho de grapas 22 a medida que el arrastre 36 pasa a través de la ranura 38.
El yunque 20, el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 y los retenedores del refuerzo del yunque o grapas inversas 28 se combinan para formar un sistema de unión del refuerzo del yunque 40 que permite que el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 sea soportado y fijado de modo liberable sobre el yunque 20. De modo similar, el cartucho de grapas 22, el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 y los retenedores del refuerzo del cartucho o grapas inversas 30 se combinan para formar un sistema de unión del refuerzo del cartucho 42 que permite que el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 sea soportado y fijado de modo liberable sobre el cartucho de grapas 22. El sistema de unión del refuerzo del yunque 40 y el sistema de unión del refuerzo del cartucho 42 están configurados concretamente para permitir que los materiales de refuerzo respectivos sean situados sobre superficies enfrentadas hacia dentro del yunque 20 y del cartucho de grapas 22 con el fin de facilitar el paso de la grapadora quirúrgica 10 al interior del cuerpo de un paciente sin el riesgo de rasgar o arrugar los materiales de refuerzo respectivos a medida que la grapadora quirúrgica 10 es insertada y manipulada en el cuerpo de un paciente.
En referencia a la figura 3, con el fin de mover el yunque 20 entre las posiciones abierta y cerrada, el yunque 20 incluye un borde proximal 44 en ángulo o inclinado, configurado para acoplarse con el arrastre 36 con el fin de empujar el yunque 20 la posición cerrada. La ranura 38 se extiende de modo distal desde el borde inclinado 44 y termina en una ranura transversal 46 que está configurada para atrapar el arrastre 36 tras el accionamiento completo de la grapadora quirúrgica 10 para impedir cualquier accionamiento subsiguiente de la grapadora quirúrgica 10. Con el fin de asegurar las grapas suministradas por el cartucho de grapas 22 alrededor de los tejidos y materiales de refuerzo, el yunque 20 está dotado de filas de alojamientos de remachado de grapas 48 que se extienden longitudinalmente, situadas a cada lado de la ranura longitudinal 38. Aunque tan sólo se ilustra una única fila de alojamientos de remachado de grapas 48 a cada lado de la ranura 38, se contempla que se puedan proporcionar sobre el yunque 20 filas múltiples y/o escalonadas de alojamientos de remachado de grapas 48.
En referencia todavía a la figura 3, se describirá a continuación un sistema de unión del refuerzo del yunque 40, que incluye el yunque 20, el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 y retenedores del refuerzo del yunque o grapas inversas
28. El material de refuerzo del yunque 24, así como el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26. El material de refuerzo para el cartucho de grapas 22 y/o el yunque 20 puede estar fabricado de cualquier material biocompatible natural o sintético. El material del que se forma el material de refuerzo puede ser bioabsorbible o no bioabsorbible. Se debe entender por supuesto que cualquier combinación de materiales naturales, sintéticos, bioabsorbibles y no bioabsorbibles puede ser utilizada para formar el material de refuerzo.
Algunos ejemplos no limitativos de materiales a partir de los cuales se puede fabricar el material de refuerzo incluyen, aunque no se limitan a, ácido poliláctico, ácido poliglicólico, polihidroxibutirato, polifosfacina, poliésteres, glicoles de polietileno, óxidos de polietileno, poliacrilamidas, acrilato metílico polihidroxietílico, polivinilpirrolidona, alcoholes de polivinilo, ácido poliacrílico, poliacetato, policaprolactona, polipropileno, poliésteres alifáticos, gliceroles, poliaminoácidos, copoli(éter-éster), oxalatos de polialquilo, poliamidas, poli(iminocarbonatos), oxalatos de polialquilo, polioxaésteres, poliortoésteres, polifosfacenos y copolímeros, copolímeros de bloque, homopolímeros, mezclas y combinaciones de los mismos.
En modos de realización, se utilizan polímeros biológicos naturales para formar el material de refuerzo. Polímeros biológicos naturales adecuados incluyen, aunque sin limitarse a, colágeno, gelatina, fibrina, fibrinógeno, elastina, queratina, albúmina, hidroxietilcelulosa, celulosa, hidroxipropilcelulosa, carboxietilcelulosa, chitan, chitosan y combinaciones de los mismos. Además, los polímeros biológicos naturales pueden ser combinados con cualquiera
de los otros materiales de polímero descritos aquí para producir el material de refuerzo.
El material de refuerzo puede ser poroso o no poroso, o combinaciones de capas porosas y no porosas. Cuando el material de refuerzo es no poroso, el material de refuerzo puede retardar o impedir el crecimiento hacia dentro de tejido a partir de los tejidos circundantes, actuando así como una barrera de adhesión e impidiendo la formación de tejido cicatricial indeseado. Así pues, en modos de realización, el material de refuerzo posee propiedades antiadhesivas. Las técnicas para formar capas no porosas a partir de tales materiales están dentro del alcance de aquellos expertos en la técnica e incluyen, por ejemplo, vaciado, moldeo y similares.
En modos de realización, el material de refuerzo es poroso y posee propiedades hemostáticas. Cuando el material de refuerzo es poroso, tiene aberturas o poros sobre al menos una porción de una superficie del mismo. Materiales adecuados para formar la capa porosa incluyen, aunque sin limitarse a, espumas (por ejemplo, espumas de célula abierta o cerrada). En modos de realización, los poros pueden ser de tamaño y número suficiente para interconectarse a través de la totalidad del espesor de la capa porosa. En otros modos de realización, los poros no se interconectan a través de la totalidad del espesor de la capa porosa. Todavía en otros modos de realización, los poros no se extienden a través de la totalidad del espesor de la capa porosa, sino que están presentes en una porción de la superficie de la misma. En modos de realización, las aberturas o poros se sitúan en una porción de la superficie de la capa porosa, teniendo otras porciones de la capa porosa una textura no porosa. Aquellos expertos en la técnica que lean la presente descripción imaginarán otros patrones de distribución de poros y configuraciones de la capa porosa.
Cuando el material de refuerzo es poroso, los poros pueden ser formados utilizando cualquier procedimiento adecuado para formar una espuma o esponja incluyendo, aunque sin limitarse a, la liofilización o secado por congelación de una composición. Técnicas adecuadas para fabricar espumas están dentro del alcance de aquellos expertos en la técnica. Los materiales de refuerzo porosos pueden tener al menos un espesor de 0,2 cm, en modos de realización de, aproximadamente, 0,3 a 1,5 cm de espesor. Los materiales del refuerzo porosos pueden tener una densidad no superior a, aproximadamente, 75 mg/cm2 y, en modos de realización por debajo de, aproximadamente, 20 mg/cm2. El tamaño de los poros en los materiales de refuerzo porosos puede ser de, aproximadamente, 20 !m a, aproximadamente, 300 !m, en modos de realización de, aproximadamente, 100 !m a, aproximadamente 200 !m.
El material de refuerzo puede incluir asimismo un miembro de refuerzo. El miembro de refuerzo puede estar asociado con una capa porosa o no porosa, o puede ser situado entre una capa no porosa y una capa porosa del material de refuerzo. Alternativamente, el miembro de refuerzo puede estar situado completamente dentro de una o más de las capas individuales (esto es, embebido en la capa porosa, en la capa no porosa, o en ambas) del material de refuerzo. Asimismo se prevé que el miembro de refuerzo puede estar situado en la superficie de una de las capas que constituyen el material de refuerzo y, en modos de realización, puede estar situado en una superficie exterior del material de refuerzo.
Algunos ejemplos no limitativos adecuados de miembros de refuerzo incluyen tejidos, mallas, monofilamentos, multifilamentos trenzados, fibras troceadas (algunas veces denominados en la técnica como fibras discontinuas) y combinaciones de los mismos. Cuando el miembro de refuerzo es una malla, ésta puede ser preparada utilizando cualquier técnica conocida por aquellos expertos en la técnica, tal como tricotado, tejido, fabricación de encaje, calados o similares. Cuando se utilizan monofilamentos o multifilamentos trenzados como el miembro de refuerzo, los monofilamentos o multifilamentos trenzados pueden ser orientados de cualquier modo deseado. Por ejemplo, los monofilamentos o multifilamentos trenzados pueden ser situados aleatoriamente relativamente entre sí en el material de refuerzo. Como otro ejemplo, los monofilamentos o multifilamentos trenzados pueden estar orientados en una dirección común en el material de refuerzo. Cuando se utilizan fibras troceadas como el miembro de refuerzo, las fibras troceadas pueden estar orientadas de cualquier modo deseado. Por ejemplo, las fibras troceadas pueden estar orientadas aleatoriamente o pueden estar orientadas en una dirección común. Las fibras troceadas pueden formar así un material no tejido, tal como estera o fieltro. Las fibras troceadas pueden ser unidas entre sí (por ejemplo, mediante fusión térmica) o pueden permanecer desunidas entre sí. Las fibras troceadas pueden ser de cualquier longitud adecuada. Por ejemplo, los trozos pueden tener una longitud de 0,1 mm a 100 mm, en modos de realización, una longitud de 0,4 mm a 50 mm. En un modo de realización ilustrativo, el material de refuerzo tiene fibras troceadas orientadas aleatoriamente que no han sido fundidas entre sí previamente, embebidas en el material de refuerzo.
Se prevé que el material de refuerzo puede estar formado de cualquier material bioabsorbible, no bioabsorbible, natural o sintético descrito anteriormente aquí y combinaciones de los mismos. Cuando se utilizan monofilamentos o multifilamentos trenzados como el miembro de refuerzo, cualquier material de sutura disponible comercialmente puede ser empleado ventajosamente como el miembro de refuerzo.
En modos de realización, al menos un agente bioactivo puede ser combinado con el material de refuerzo y/o con cualquiera de los componentes individuales (la capa porosa, la capa no porosa y/o el miembro de refuerzo) utilizados para construir el material de refuerzo. En estos modos de realización, el material de refuerzo puede servir asimismo como vehículo para suministrar el agente bioactivo. El término "agente bioactivo", como se utiliza aquí, se
utiliza en su sentido más amplio e incluye cualquier sustancia o mezcla de sustancias que tenga un uso clínico. Consecuentemente, los agentes bioactivos pueden tener o no una actividad farmacológica por sí mismos, esto es, por ejemplo, un tinte o una fragancia. Alternativamente, un agente bioactivo podría ser cualquier agente que proporcione un efecto terapéutico o profiláctico, un compuesto que afecte o participe en el crecimiento de tejido, crecimiento celular, diferenciación celular, un compuesto antiadhesivo, un compuesto que pueda ser capaz de invocar una acción biológica tal como una respuesta inmune, o podría jugar cualquier otro papel en uno o más procesos biológicos.
Ejemplos de clases de agentes bioactivos que pueden ser utilizados de acuerdo con la presente descripción incluyen antiadhesivos, antimicrobianos, analgésicos, antipiréticos, anestésicos, antiepilépticos, antihistamínicos, antiinflamatorios, medicamentos cardiovasculares, agentes de diagnóstico, simpaticomiméticos, colinomiméticos, antimuscarínicos, antiespasmódicos, hormonas, factores de crecimiento, relajantes musculares, bloqueantes de neuronas adrenérgicos, antineoplásicos, agentes inmunogénicos, inmunosupresores, medicamentos gastrointestinales, diuréticos, esteroides, lípidos, lipopolisacáridos, polisacáridos, y enzimas. Se pretende asimismo que se puedan utilizar combinaciones de agentes bioactivos.
Se pueden utilizar agentes antiadhesivos o antiadhesión para impedir la formación de adhesiones entre el material de refuerzo y los tejidos circundantes opuestos al tejido objetivo. Algunos ejemplos de estos agentes incluyen, aunque sin limitarse a, polivinilpirrolidona, carboximetilcelulosa, ácido hialurónico, óxido de polietileno, alcoholes de polivinilo y combinaciones de los mismos.
Agentes antimicrobianos adecuados que pueden ser incluidos como un agente bioactivo en el material de refuerzo de la presente descripción incluyen el triclosan, conocido asimismo como 2,4,4'-tricloro-2'-hidroxidifenil éter, la clorhexidina y sus sales, incluyendo acetato de clorhexidina, gluconato de clorhexidina, clorhidrato de clorhexidina, y sulfato de clorhexidina, plata y sus sales, incluyendo acetato de plata, benzoato de plata, carbonato de plata, citrato de plata, yodato de plata, yoduro de plata, lactato de plata, laurato de plata, nitrato de plata, óxido de plata, palmitato de plata, proteína de plata, y sulfadiazina de plata, polimixina, tetraciclina, aminoglucósidos tales como la tobramicina y gentamicina, rifampicina, bacitracina, neomicina, cloranfenicol, miconazol, quinolonas tales como el ácido oxolínico, norfloxacina, ácido nalidíxico, pefloxacina, enoxacina y ciprofloxacino, penicilinas tales como la oxacilina y la piperacilina, nonoxinol-9, ácido fusídico, cefalosporinas, y combinaciones de los mismos. Además, se puede incluir como un agente bioactivo en el recubrimiento bioactivo de la presente descripción proteínas y péptidos antimicrobianos tales como lactoferrina bovina y lactoferricina B.
Otros agentes bioactivos los que pueden ser incluidos como un agente bioactivo del material de refuerzo de acuerdo con la presente descripción incluyen: anestésicos locales; agentes antifertilidad no esteroideos; agentes parasimpaticomiméticos; agentes psicoterapéuticos; tranquilizantes; descongestivos; hipnóticos sedativos; esteroides; sulfonamidas; agentes simpaticomiméticos; vacunas; vitaminas; antimalariales; agentes antimigrañas; agentes antiparkison tales como la L-dopa; antiespasmódicos; agentes anticolinérgicos (por ejemplo, oxibutinina); antitusígenos; broncodilatadores; agentes cardiovasculares tales como vasodilatadores coronarios y nitroglicerina; alcaloides; analgésicos; narcóticos tales como codeína, dihidrocodeinona, meperidina, morfina y similares; no narcóticos tales como salicilatos, aspirina, acetaminofeno, d-propoxifeno y similares; antagonistas de los receptores opiáceos, tales como la naltrexona y la naloxona; agentes anticáncer; anticonvulsivos; antieméticos; antihistamínicos; agentes antiinflamatorios tales como agentes hormonales, hidrocortisona, prednisolona, prednisona, agentes no hormonales, alopurinol, indometacina, fenilbutazona y similares; prostaglandinas y medicamentos citotóxicos; estrógenos; antibacterianos; antibióticos; antihongos; antivirales; anticoagulantes; anticonvulsivos; antidepresivos; antihistamínicos; y agentes inmunológicos.
Otros ejemplos de agentes bioactivos adecuados que pueden ser incluidos en la composición del recubrimiento incluyen virus y células, péptidos, polipéptidos y proteínas, análogos, muteinas, y fragmentos activos de los mismos, tales como inmunoglobulinas, anticuerpos, citoquinas (por ejemplo, linfoquinas, monoquinas y quimioquinas), factores de coagulación, factores hemopoyéticos, interleuquinas (IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6), interferones (1-IFN, a-IFN y y-IFN), eritropoyetina, nucleasas, factores de necrosis tumorales, factores de estimulación de colonias (por ejemplo, GCSF, GM-CSF, MCSF), insulina, agentes antitumorales y supresores de tumores, proteínas sanguíneas, gonadotropinas (por ejemplo, FSH, LH, CG, etc.), hormonas y análogos hormonales (por ejemplo, hormona del crecimiento), vacunas (por ejemplo, antígenos tumorales, bacterianos y virales); somatostatinas; antígenos; factores de coagulación; factores de crecimiento (por ejemplo, factores de crecimiento nervioso, factores de crecimiento similares a la insulina); inhibidores de proteínas, antagonistas de proteínas, y agonistas de proteinas; ácido nucleicos, tales como moléculas antisentido , ADN y ARN; oligonucleótidos; polinucleótidos; y ribozomas.
En referencia a continuación a las figuras 3-6, y con referencia inicialmente a las figuras 3 y 5, se describirán ahora los detalles del sistema de retención del refuerzo del yunque 40. Como se apuntó anteriormente, el sistema de retención del refuerzo del yunque 40 incluye una pinza o grapa inversa 28 para asegurar el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 al yunque 20. La grapa inversa 28 tiene un vano o arco 50 que tiene una pareja de patas 52 y 54 que se extiende desde el arco 50. Las patas 52 y 54 acaban en puntas afiladas 56 y 58, respectivamente, que se proporcionan para penetrar en el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 cuando el sistema de retención del yunque 40 es ensamblado.
Como se apuntó anteriormente, el yunque 20 está dotado de filas de alojamientos de remachado de grapas 48. En este modo de realización, se perforan parejas de orificios 60 en el yunque 20 para permitir que las patas 50 y 54 de las grapas inversas 28 pasen a través de los mismos. Las parejas de orificios 60 se sitúan alineadas con las filas de alojamientos de remachado de grapas 48 y ocupan el lugar de uno o más conjuntos de alojamientos de remachado de grapas 48 en las filas, como se muestra. En un modo de realización específico, las parejas de orificios 60 se sitúan en las filas más externas de los alojamientos de remachado de grapas 48 para asegurar el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 a lo largo de sus bordes exteriores.
En referencia a continuación a las figuras 3-6, con el fin de ensamblar el sistema de retención del refuerzo del yunque 40, las patas 52 y 54 de las grapas inversas 28 se insertan a través de parejas de orificios 60 en el yunque 20 de tal modo que las puntas 56 y 58 penetran en el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 (figura 5). Alternativamente, el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 puede estar dotado de orificios preformados para alojar las patas 52 y 54. Una vez que las patas 52 y 54 han sido situadas a través del yunque 20 y del material de refuerzo del yunque 24, las patas 52 y 54 se doblan o pliegan para formar patas 62 y 64 dobladas hacia dentro (véase la figura 6) que aseguran el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 contra el yunque 20. Como se muestra, el arco 50 de la grapa inversa 28 es contiguo a una cara superior 66 del yunque 20 mientras que el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 se asegura contra una cara inferior 68 del yunque 20 mediante las patas 62 y 64 dobladas hacia dentro (figuras 4 y 6). La longitud de las patas 62 y 64 dobladas hacia dentro es lo suficientemente corta para que el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 pueda ser extraído del yunque 20 una vez que el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 ha sido grapado al tejido.
En referencia a continuación a las figuras 7-10, se describirán ahora los detalles y el montaje del sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho 42. En referencia inicialmente a la figura 7, y como se apuntó anteriormente, el sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho 42 incluye generalmente un cartucho de grapas 22, un material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 y pinzas separables o grapas inversas 30 que aseguran de modo liberable el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 al cartucho de grapas 22. Las grapas inversas 30 son similares a las grapas, descritas a continuación, utilizadas para grapar el tejido. Al contrario que las grapas inversas 28 asociadas con el sistema de retención del refuerzo del yunque 40 descritas anteriormente, las grapas inversas 30 están destinadas a separarse del cartucho de grapas 22 y desplazarse con el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 cuando el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 es grapado a un cuerpo. La grapas inversas 30 están formadas de un material biocompatible y pueden estar formadas de un material absorbible o reabsorbible de modo que se deterioren en el cuerpo a lo largo del tiempo. Al contrario que las grapas inversas 28 asociadas con el sistema de retención del refuerzo del yunque 40 descrito anteriormente, las grapas inversas 30 están destinadas a separarse del cartucho de grapas 22 y desplazarse con el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 cuando el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 es grapado a un cuerpo.
El cartucho de grapas 22 incluye generalmente una porción de cuerpo de plástico 70 y un canal externo 72. El cartucho de grapas 22 está soportado sobre un miembro tubular alargado 14 mediante el canal externo 72. La porción de cuerpo 70 incluye una pluralidad de filas de alojamientos de contención de grapas 74 dispuestos para contener las grapas utilizadas para grapar el tejido, como se describe a continuación. Un canal de cuchilla 78 está situado entre filas de alojamientos de contención de grapas 74 para el paso de una cuchilla utilizada para cortar el tejido grapado junto con el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26.
Las filas de alojamientos de contención de grapas 74 incluyen alojamientos vacíos o falsos 78, separados longitudinalmente, para recibir las grapas inversas 30 con el fin de asegurar el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 al cartucho de grapas 22.
Como se muestra en la figura 8, con el fin de ensamblar el sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho 42, el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 se sitúa sobre la porción de cuerpo 70 de cartucho de grapas 22 y las grapas inversas 30 se insertan a través del material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 y en el interior de los alojamientos falsos 78 (figura 9). Con referencia a las figuras 9 y 10, se proporciona una matriz de plegado 80 para asegurar por fricción las grapas inversas 30 en el alojamiento falso 78. Concretamente, la grapa inversa 30 incluye un arco 82 y una pareja de patas 84 y 86 que se proyectan desde el arco 82. Las patas 84 y 86 acaban en puntas o picos 88 y 90, respectivamente.
En referencia a las figuras 9 y 10, una vez que las patas 84 y 86 han sido insertadas a través del material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 y en el interior del alojamiento falso 78, la matriz de plegado 80 es empujada hacia arriba en el alojamiento falso 78 de tal modo que los alojamientos de plegado 92 y 94 en la matriz de plegado 80 se acoplan con las puntas 88 y 90 y las doblan o pliegan para formar los extremos plegados 96 y 98 (figura 10). Cuando la grapa inversa 30 ha sido plegada en el alojamiento falso 78, las patas 84 y 86 se fuerzan o expanden hacia afuera de modo que se acoplan por fricción con las paredes 100 del alojamiento falso 78, reteniendo así por fricción la grapa inversa 30 en el alojamiento falso 78.
En referencia a continuación a las figuras 11 a 17, y con relación inicialmente a las figuras 11 y 12, se describirá ahora el uso de la grapadora quirúrgica 10 para grapar y dividir una sección tubular de tejido T. Inicialmente, el conjunto de mordazas 16, incluyendo el yunque 20 y el cartucho de grapas 22 se sitúa alrededor del tejido T que va a ser grapado. El arrastre 36 está en una posición proximal con relación a la ranura del yunque 38. Como se muestra mejor en la figura 11, el inserto conteniendo grapas o porción de cuerpo de plástico 70 incluye grapas 102 situadas en alojamientos individuales de grapas 104 de la fila de alojamientos de grapas 74. Las grapas 102 son de tipo convencional e incluyen un arco 106 que tiene una pareja de patas 108 y 110 que se extienden desde el arco
106. Las patas 108 y 110 acaba en puntas 112 y 114 que penetran en el tejido. Empujadores 116 se sitúan en los alojamientos de grapas 104 y están situados entre las grapas 102 y la trayectoria de una barra de arrastre 118.
En referencia a continuación a la figura 13, la grapadora quirúrgica 10 es accionada inicialmente mediante el movimiento del gatillo 32 con relación al mango 12 (figura 1) que provoca que el arrastre 36 se desplace en la dirección de la flecha B y contra el borde inclinado 44 del yunque 20, provocando así que el yunque 20 se desplace a la posición cerrada con relación al cartucho de grapas 22. Como se muestra mejor en la figura 14, a medida que la barra de arrastre 118 avanza distalmente en la porción de cuerpo de plástico 74, la barra de arrastre 118 empuja a los empujadores 116 hacia arriba contra los arcos 106 de las grapas 102, conduciendo las grapas 102 a través del material de refuerzo del cartucho 26, el tejido T, el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 y hacia los alojamientos de remachado de grapas 48 en el yunque 20. Las puntas 112 y 114 que penetran en el tejido se curvan en los alojamientos de remachado de grapas 48 en el yunque 20 para asegurar así el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 contra el tejido T mientras que el arco 106 asegura el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 contra el tejido T.
Aunque no se muestra específicamente, tras el accionamiento completo de la grapadora quirúrgica 10, una cuchilla de corte asociada con la grapadora quirúrgica 10 y transportada por el arrastre 36 corta el tejido T, así como el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 y el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 entre las filas de grapas 102 ya remachadas.
Como se muestra en la figura 15, en un modo de realización, tras el movimiento del yunque 20 a la posición abierta separada del cartucho de grapas 22, el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 se retira del yunque 20 y de los retenedores del refuerzo del yunque 28. Concretamente, el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 se suelta de las patas 62 y 64 dobladas hacia adentro de los retenedores del refuerzo del yunque 28, dejando los retenedores del refuerzo del yunque 28 unidos al yunque 20. Además, a medida que el yunque 20 se desplaza a la posición abierta, el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 se separa del cartucho de grapas 22. Como se apuntó anteriormente, los retenedores del refuerzo del cartucho 30 están retenidos por fricción en los alojamientos falsos 78. A medida que el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 se separa del cartucho de grapas 22, los retenedores del refuerzo del cartucho 30 se sueltan de los alojamientos falsos 78 y permanecen con el tejido grapado T y el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26. Como se apuntó anteriormente, los retenedores del refuerzo del cartucho 30 pueden estar formados de materiales absorbibles o reabsorbibles, que se degradan en el cuerpo lo largo del tiempo.
El tejido T resultante, dividido y cerrado con las grapas 102, se ilustra mejor en las figuras 16 y 17. Concretamente, el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 está asegurado contra el tejido T mediante los arcos 106 de las grapas 102 y el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 está asegurado contra el tejido T por las puntas 112 y 114 que penetran en el tejido de las grapas 102, ya remachadas. De este modo, el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 y el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 son grapados al tejido T, sellando y reforzando así estas hileras de grapas creadas por las grapas 102.
En referencia a continuación a las figuras 18-34, se divulgan ejemplos alternativos de un sistema de retención del refuerzo del yunque 120 y de un sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho 122 para su uso en el instrumento quirúrgico de grapado 10. En referencia inicialmente a las figuras 18 y 19, se proporciona el sistema de retención del refuerzo del yunque 120 para retener el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 contra un yunque 124 antes de graparlo al tejido. El yunque 124 es similar al yunque 20 descrito anteriormente e incluye un borde proximal inclinado 136 para acoplarse con un arrastre 36 con el fin de desplazar el yunque 124 entre posiciones abierta y cerrada con relación al cartucho de grapas 22. El yunque 124 incluye además una ranura 128 para el paso de una cuchilla asociada con el instrumento quirúrgico de grapado 10. El sistema de retención del refuerzo del yunque 120 incluye una pluralidad de retenedores o pinzas 130 novedosos para ayudar a retener el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 sobre el yunque 124. El yunque 124 está dotado de una serie de ranuras para pinzas 132, para recibir las pinzas 130, que están separadas a lo largo de alojamientos de remachado de grapas 134 formados en el yunque 124. El material de refuerzo del yunque 24 contiene asimismo ranuras 136 del material de refuerzo para el paso de las grapas 130 a través de las mismas.
En referencia por el momento a la figura 20, la pinza 130 está formada generalmente como una placa 138 que tiene un borde inclinado 140 a lo largo de un primer extremo 142 de la placa 138 y un reborde o labio 144 que se proyecta aproximadamente en un ángulo recto desde un segundo extremo 146 de la placa 138. El borde inclinado 140 está configurado para ser acoplado por el arrastre 36 para forzar la salida de la pinza 130 del yunque 124 mientras que el labio 144 está dispuesto para retener el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 contra el yunque 124 antes del grapado. Como se muestra mejor en las figuras 20 y 21, la pinza 130 está retenida por fricción en una ranura de la pinza 132 del yunque 124 y una cara inferior 148 del labio 144 retiene el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 contra el yunque
124.
En un ejemplo alternativo mostrado en la figura 22, se puede proporcionar una pinza 150 alternativa con una pareja de labios separados 152 y 154 que se proyecta en un ángulo generalmente recto desde una placa 156 de la pinza
150. Los labios 152 y 154 están configurados para retener el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 contra el yunque 124 de un modo similar al de la pinza 130. La pinza 150 incluye asimismo un borde en ángulo 158 para acoplarse con el arrastre 36 del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado 10 para separar la pinza 150 y el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 del yunque 124.
Un modo de realización adicional de una pinza de retención 160 se ilustra en la figura 23. La pinza 160 está formada asimismo como una placa 162 que tiene un borde en ángulo 164 para su acoplamiento con el arrastre 30 del instrumento quirúrgico de grapado 10. La pinza 160 está dotada de una pareja de labios 166 y 168 enfrentados que se extiende generalmente en ángulo recto desde la placa 162 para aumentar la cantidad de superficie proporcionada para asegurar el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 al yunque 124.
En referencia a continuación a las figuras 22-27, y con referencia inicialmente a la figura 24, el sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho 122 es similar al sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho 42 descrito anteriormente, incluyendo el cartucho de grapas 22 que tiene una porción de cuerpo de plástico 70 y un canal externo 72 y el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26. Como se describió anteriormente, la porción de cuerpo de plástico incluye filas de alojamientos de grapas 74 separadas por un canal de cuchilla 76. Sin embargo, en lugar de las grapas inversas 30, el sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho 122 utiliza pinzas o grapas inversas 182 que no están destinadas a ser plegadas en los alojamientos falsos 78 en la porción de cuerpo de plástico 70. Antes bien, como se muestra mejor en las figuras 26 y 27, las patas 184 y 186 de la grapa inversa 182 se acoplan por fricción con las superficies internas 100 de los alojamientos falsos 78 mientras que un arco 188 de la grapa inversa 182 sostiene el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 contra el cartucho de grapas 22.
Con referencia a las figuras 28 y 29, en uso, el conjunto de mordazas 16 está situado inicialmente alrededor de la sección de tejido T con el yunque 124 la posición abierta, separado del cartucho de grapas 22. El arrastre 36 está en una posición proximal con relación al borde proximal inclinado 126 del yunque 24. Las pinzas 130 se sitúan a través de ranuras 136 en el yunque 124 reteniendo el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 contra el yunque 124. Como se discutió anteriormente, la porción de cuerpo de plástico 70 contiene grapas 102 situadas en los alojamientos de grapas 104. Las grapas inversas 182 están situadas en alojamientos falsos 78 reteniendo el material de refuerzo de grapas 26 contra el cartucho de grapas 22.
En referencia a continuación a la figura 30, tras accionar la grapadora quirúrgica 10, el arrastre 36 se mueve distalmente en la dirección de la flecha B y contra el borde inclinado 126 del yunque 124, provocando que el yunque 124 se mueva a la posición cerrada con relación al cartucho de grapas 22 comprimiendo el tejido T entre ambos.
Como se observa mejor en la figura 31, a medida que el arrastre 36 continúa moviéndose distalmente lo largo del yunque 124, el arrastre 36 se acopla con el borde inclinado 140 de las pinzas 130 forzando las pinzas 130 hacia abajo dentro de las ranuras 132 en el yunque 124. Esto inicia la liberación del material de refuerzo del yunque 24 del yunque 124. Al igual que se describió anteriormente, a medida que la barra de arrastre 118 avanza distalmente en respuesta al accionamiento de la grapadora quirúrgica 10, la barra de arrastre 118 empuja a los empujadores 116 hacia arriba dentro de los alojamientos de grapas 104, conduciendo las puntas 112 y 114 de la grapa 102 que penetran en el tejido a través del material de refuerzo del cartucho 26, el tejido T, el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 y en el interior de los alojamientos de remachado de grapas 134 en el yunque 124. Las puntas 112 y 114 se pliegan en los alojamientos de remachado de grapas 124, asegurando así el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 al tejido T. Los arcos 106 se las grapas 102 aseguran el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 al tejido T. Como se discutió anteriormente, una cuchilla asociada con la grapadora quirúrgica 10 divide el tejido T, así como el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 y el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26, entre las filas de grapas 102 ya remachadas.
En referencia por el momento a la figura 32, tras el movimiento del yunque 124 a la posición abierta, el material de refuerzo del yunque tira de las pinzas 134 hacia fuera de las ranuras de pinzas 132 en el yunque 124 de tal modo que el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 se separa del yunque 124. Las grapas inversas 182 se sueltan de los alojamientos falsos 78 (figura 31), liberando el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 del cartucho de grapas 22. Así pues, tanto las grapas inversas 182 como las pinzas 130 permanecen con el tejido grapado T y, como se apuntó anteriormente, están formadas de un material degradable que se disolverá en el cuerpo a lo largo del tiempo.
Las secciones de tejido grapado T resultantes se ilustran mejor en las figuras 33 y 34. El material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 y el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 están grapados al tejido T mediante las grapas 102, reforzando así la hilera de grapas formada por las grapas 102 y sellando las grapas y los extremos cortados del tejido T.
En referencia a continuación a las figuras 35-44, se divulga un ejemplo alternativo de un sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho 190 para su uso con la grapadora quirúrgica 10 y el sistema de retención del refuerzo del yunque 40 descrito anteriormente. El sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho 190 incluye generalmente un cartucho de grapas 22 y un material de refuerzo del cartucho 26. Se proporciona una pluralidad de retenedores del refuerzo del cartucho o retenedores de viga en I 192 para acoplarse por fricción con el cartucho de grapas 22 y asegurar temporalmente el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 al cartucho de grapas 22.
En referencia por el momento a la figura 37, el retenedor de viga en I incluye generalmente una porción central rectangular 194 que tiene una viga superior rectangular 196 y una viga inferior 198 unida a la misma. Al igual que con los dispositivos de retención descritos anteriormente, el retenedor 192 puede estar formado de un material que se degrada en el cuerpo a lo largo del tiempo. El material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 incluye una pluralidad de ranuras 200 que están alineadas con los alojamientos falsos 78 en el cartucho de grapas 22 y permite el paso parcial del retenedor de viga en I 192 a través de las mismas (figura 36).
Con referencia continuada a la figura 37 y asimismo a la figura 38, una superficie inferior 102 de la viga superior 196 del retenedor de viga en I 192 asegura material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 contra el cartucho de grapas 22. Extremos opuestos 204 y 206 de la viga inferior 198 del retenedor de viga en I 192 se acoplan por fricción con superficies internas 100 de los alojamientos falsos 78 para retener parcialmente por fricción el retenedor de viga en I 192 en el cartucho de grapas 22.
Con referencia a las figuras 39-42, el funcionamiento del sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho 190 es similar al de los sistemas de retención de refuerzo del cartucho 42 y 122 descritos anteriormente. Inicialmente, el conjunto de mordazas 16 está situado alrededor del tejido T con el yunque 20 en la posición abierta separado del cartucho de grapas 22. Tras accionar la grapadora quirúrgica 10, el arrastre 36 avanza distalmente desplazando el yunque 20 a la posición cerrada (figura 40). La barra de arrastre 118 avanza distalmente acoplándose con los empujadores 116 y conduciendo las grapas 102 a través del material de refuerzo del cartucho 26, el tejido T, el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 y al interior de los alojamientos de remachado de grapas 48 para remachar las puntas 112 y 114 de las grapas 102 sobre el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 (figura 41). Tras el movimiento del yunque 20 a la posición abierta, el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 se suelta de las grapas inversas 28. La viga inferior 198 es lo suficientemente flexible para permitir que retenedor de viga en I 192 se suelte de los alojamientos falsos 78 y permanezca fijado al material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 (figura 42).
El tejido T resultante, dividido y cerrado con las grapas 102 se muestra en las figuras 43 y 44. Como se muestra, el material de refuerzo del yunque 24 y el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 están grapados al tejido T, reforzando así la hilera de grapas formada por las grapas 102 y sellando la sección de tejido T. De este modo, el sistema de retención del refuerzo del cartucho 190 permite que el material de refuerzo del cartucho 26 quede retenido de modo separable sobre el cartucho de grapas 22 y liberado una vez grapado al tejido.
Se entenderá que se pueden realizar diversas modificaciones a los modos de realización aquí descritos. Por ejemplo, los retenedores y los procedimientos divulgados son intercambiables para su uso bien en el cartucho de grapas o en el yunque. Además, los procedimientos y los sistemas de retención divulgados no están limitados a un aparato de grapado sino que pueden encontrar aplicación otros instrumentos y situaciones que requieran que un material sea retenido de modo liberable sobre la superficie de un instrumento quirúrgico. Adicionalmente, los retenedores divulgados pueden funcionar tanto como dispositivos de retención del material de refuerzo como dispositivos de conexión de tejido, esto es, "grapas de tejido" simultáneamente. Así pues, la anterior descripción no debe ser considerada como limitativa, sino meramente como ejemplos de modos de realización concretos. Los expertos en la técnica imaginarán otras modificaciones dentro del ámbito de las reivindicaciones adjuntas en el presente documento.
Claims (5)
- REIvINDICACIoNES1. Una grapadora quirúrgica (10) para desplegar grapas en un tejido, que comprende:una pareja de mordazas (20, 22) para acoplarse con el tejido, incluyendo la pareja de mordazas (20, 22) un cartucho de grapas (22) y un yunque (20), definiendo al menos una de las mordazas (20, 22) una pluralidad de cavidades (60),un material de refuerzo (24) de la hilera de grapas situado sobre una de las mordazas (20, 22), yuna pluralidad de retenedores (28) que pasan a través del material de refuerzo (24) de la hilera de grapas, estando dispuesto cada uno de los retenedores (28) en una de las cavidades (60) de modo que retengan de modo liberable el material de refuerzo (24) de la hilera de grapas sobre la al menos una mordaza (20, 22) que define dicha pluralidad de cavidades;caracterizada porque el retenedor (28) es una grapa que tiene un arco (50) y una pareja de patas (52, 54) que se extienden desde el arco (50).
-
- 2.
- La grapadora quirúrgica (10) de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en la que las cavidades (60) en la al menos una mordaza (20, 22) definen una pareja de orificios, las patas de la grapa (28) pasan a través de los orificios de tal modo que las puntas de las patas (52, 54) son plegadas sobre el material de refuerzo (24) de la hilera de grapas.
-
- 3.
- La grapadora quirúrgica (10) de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en la que las patas (53, 54) de la grapa son insertadas a través del material de refuerzo (24) de la hilera de grapas de tal modo que las patas de la grapa
(28) están situadas parcialmente en las cavidades (60) y el arco (50) de la grapa asegura el material de refuerzo (24) de la hilera de grapas a la al menos una mordaza (20, 22). -
- 4.
- La grapadora quirúrgica de acuerdo con la reivindicación 3, en la que las patas (52, 54) de la grapa (28) están plegadas en las cavidades (60).
-
- 5.
- La grapadora quirúrgica (10) de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en la que el retenedor
(28) es absorbible en el cuerpo del paciente.
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| ES16197973.7T Active ES2694952T3 (es) | 2007-06-22 | 2008-06-13 | Sistemas de retención de material de refuerzo separable para uso con un dispositivo quirúrgico de grapado |
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2007
- 2007-06-22 US US11/821,330 patent/US7845533B2/en active Active
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2008
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- 2008-06-13 EP EP08252052A patent/EP2005895B1/en active Active
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| ES2620372T3 (es) | 2017-06-28 |
| EP2417918B1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
| EP2005895B1 (en) | 2012-08-08 |
| CN102319093A (zh) | 2012-01-18 |
| EP2417918A1 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
| CN102319093B (zh) | 2014-01-15 |
| EP2005895A3 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
| CN101336835B (zh) | 2011-09-21 |
| US20140027490A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
| JP2013150817A (ja) | 2013-08-08 |
| EP3162303B1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
| US20150327865A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
| JP2009000531A (ja) | 2009-01-08 |
| US7845533B2 (en) | 2010-12-07 |
| ES2694952T3 (es) | 2018-12-28 |
| US8512402B2 (en) | 2013-08-20 |
| JP5757669B2 (ja) | 2015-07-29 |
| EP2005895A2 (en) | 2008-12-24 |
| US9198663B1 (en) | 2015-12-01 |
| US20080314960A1 (en) | 2008-12-25 |
| CA2634850A1 (en) | 2008-12-22 |
| AU2008202670A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
| JP5335299B2 (ja) | 2013-11-06 |
| CN101336835A (zh) | 2009-01-07 |
| US20110036895A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
| AU2008202670B2 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
| CA2634850C (en) | 2016-01-05 |
| EP3162303A1 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
| US9113873B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
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