ES2372854A1 - CATIÓNIC DERIVATIVES OF 2, 7, 12, 17-ARILPORFICENOS. PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION AND USE AS PHOTOSENSITIZERS IN ANTIMICROBIAL PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY. - Google Patents
CATIÓNIC DERIVATIVES OF 2, 7, 12, 17-ARILPORFICENOS. PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION AND USE AS PHOTOSENSITIZERS IN ANTIMICROBIAL PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2372854A1 ES2372854A1 ES201031023A ES201031023A ES2372854A1 ES 2372854 A1 ES2372854 A1 ES 2372854A1 ES 201031023 A ES201031023 A ES 201031023A ES 201031023 A ES201031023 A ES 201031023A ES 2372854 A1 ES2372854 A1 ES 2372854A1
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- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
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- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(C)(C)C AQEFLFZSWDEAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000001245 periodontitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001484 phenothiazinyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004344 phenylpropyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000760 phototoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010094020 polyglycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000232 polyglycine polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazoline Chemical compound C1CN=NC1 DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZVJHJDDKYZXRJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrroline Natural products C1CC=NC1 ZVJHJDDKYZXRJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 206010037833 rales Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003642 reactive oxygen metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005490 tosylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/409—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil having four such rings, e.g. porphine derivatives, bilirubin, biliverdine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Derivados catiónicos de 2, 7, 12, 17-arilporficenos, procedimiento de preparación y uso como fotosensibilizadores en terapia fotodinámica antimicrobiana.La presente invención describe nuevos compuestos 2,7,12,17-arilporficenos de fórmula general 1 y complejos metálicos derivados de éstos. Asimismo se describe un procedimiento para su obtención. La invención describe asimismo el empleo de los nuevos 2,7,12,17-arilporficenos como fotosensibilizadores en Terapia Fotodinámica Antimicrobiana para el tratamiento y/o prevención de enfermedades o condiciones causadas por microorganismos patógenos.Cationic derivatives of 2, 7, 12, 17-arylporphycenes, preparation process and use as photosensitizers in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. The present invention describes new 2,7,12,17-arylporphycenes compounds of general formula 1 and metal complexes derived from them . A procedure for obtaining them is also described. The invention also describes the use of the new 2,7,12,17-arylporphycenes as photosensitizers in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases or conditions caused by pathogenic microorganisms.
Description
Derivados catiónicos de 2,7,12,17-arilporficenos, procedimiento de preparación y uso como fotosensibilizadores en terapia fotodinámica antimicrobiana.Cationic derivatives of 2,7,12,17-arylporficenos, procedure of preparation and use as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy antimicrobial
La presente invención se refiere a 2,7,12,17-arilporficenos de fórmula general 1, y a un procedimiento para su obtención. La invención se refiere asimismo al empleo de los 2,7,12,17-arilporficenos de fórmula general 1, como Fotosensibilizadores en Terapia Fotodinámica Antimicrobiana (TFA).The present invention relates to 2,7,12,17-arylporficenos of general formula 1, and a a procedure to obtain it. The invention also relates to the use of 2,7,12,17-arylporficenos of formula general 1, as Photosensitizers in Photodynamic Therapy Antimicrobial (TFA).
Los antibióticos son fármacos que eliminan selectivamente bacterias patógenas dañinas para el organismo causantes de diversas infecciones que pueden llegar a ser en algunos casos letales para el hombre. Desde principios del siglo XX se han desarrollado antibióticos cada vez más eficaces que han contribuido a un control de las enfermedades infecciosas más comunes. No obstante, ciertas cepas de bacterias han ido desarrollando mecanismos de adaptación que las han hecho resistentes a la acción de los tratamientos quimioterapéuticos clásicos (A. J. Alanis, Arch. Med. Res. 2005, 36, 697-705).Antibiotics are drugs that selectively eliminate pathogenic bacteria harmful to the body that cause various infections that can be in some cases lethal to man. Since the beginning of the 20th century, more and more effective antibiotics have been developed that have contributed to a control of the most common infectious diseases. However, certain strains of bacteria have developed adaptive mechanisms that have made them resistant to the action of classical chemotherapeutic treatments (AJ Alanis, Arch. Med. Res . 2005 , 36 , 697-705).
Por ello, se han propuesto tratamientos alternativos a los que, por su mecanismo de acción, las bacterias no puedan o les sea difícil desarrollar resistencia como la Terapia Fotodinámica (M. R. Hamblin, T. Hasan. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2004, 3, 436-450). En esta modalidad terapéutica, la combinación de 1) un fármaco fotosensibilizador que se acumula selectivamente en los microorganismos en presencia de las células del organismo, 2) luz y 3) oxígeno genera especies oxidantes tóxicas para el microorganismo que finalmente lo llevan a la muerte. En principio, es difícil que los microorganismos desarrollen resistencia a estas especies oxidantes dado su gran poder oxidante, su carácter inespefícico y su corto tiempo de vida.Therefore, alternative treatments have been proposed to those that, due to their mechanism of action, bacteria cannot or find it difficult to develop resistance such as Photodynamic Therapy (MR Hamblin, T. Hasan. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci . 2004 , 3 , 436-450). In this therapeutic modality, the combination of 1) a photosensitizing drug that selectively accumulates in the microorganisms in the presence of the body's cells, 2) light and 3) oxygen generates oxidizing species toxic to the microorganism that eventually lead to death. In principle, it is difficult for microorganisms to develop resistance to these oxidizing species given their great oxidizing power, their non-specific nature and their short life span.
Una estrategia similar es aplicable a los hongos que son responsables de enfermedades como la candidiasis (Candida albicans) (J. C. Junqueira, J. S. Martins, R. L. Faria, C. E. D. Colombo, A. O. C. Jorge, Lasers Med. Sci. 2009, 24, 877-884).A similar strategy is applicable to fungi that are responsible for diseases such as candidiasis ( Candida albicans ) (JC Junqueira, JS Martins, RL Faria, CED Colombo, AOC Jorge, Lasers Med. Sci . 2009 , 24 , 877-884).
Estructuralmente, los Fármacos Fotosensibilizadores que han mostrado ser eficaces tanto frente a bacterias gram positivas como gram negativas son compuestos que contienen cationes amonio sustituidos (-[N^{+}RR'R'']). El número y la localización de estas cargas son clave para la selectividad y la capacidad de internalización del fármaco lo cual finalmente determina su actividad antimicrobiana (M. Merchat, G. Bertolini, P. Giacomini, A. Villanueva, G. Jori. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. 1996, 32, 153-157). En la actualidad, diversas familias de Fármacos Fotosensibilizadores se han propuesto para su aplicación en la Terapia Fotodinámica Antimicrobiana, entre ellas cabe destacar las fenotiazinas, los fulerenos, las porfirinas, las clorinas, las ftalocianinas y los porficenos.Structurally, the Photosensitizing Drugs that have been shown to be effective against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria are compounds containing substituted ammonium cations (- [N + RR'R '']). The number and location of these charges are key to the selectivity and internalization capacity of the drug which ultimately determines its antimicrobial activity (M. Merchat, G. Bertolini, P. Giacomini, A. Villanueva, G. Jori. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. 1996 , 32 , 153-157). At present, several families of Photosensitizing Drugs have been proposed for application in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, including phenothiazines, fulerenes, porphyrins, chlorines, phthalocyanines and porficenos.
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip\ vskip1.000000 \ baselineskip
Los porficenos (2, R=H) son macrociclos (E.
Vogel, M. Köcher, H. Schmickler, J. Lex, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
Engl. 1986, 25, 257-259), isómeros
estructurales de la porfirina, cuyas propiedades son muy
prometedoras en el campo de la Terapia Fotodinámica del Cáncer (PDT)
(E. Vogel, C. Richert, T. Benninghaus, M. Müller, A. D. Cross,
Cytopharm, Inc., U.S. 5,409900) así como en la Terapia Fotodinámica
Antimicrobiana (G. Jori, Cytopharm, Inc., U.S.
6,107326).The porficenos (2, R = H) are macrocycles (E. Vogel, M. Köcher, H. Schmickler, J. Lex, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl . 1986 , 25 , 257-259), structural isomers of Porphyrin, whose properties are very promising in the field of Photodynamic Cancer Therapy (PDT) (E. Vogel, C. Richert, T. Benninghaus, M. Müller, AD Cross, Cytopharm, Inc., US 5,409900) as well as in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (G. Jori, Cytopharm, Inc., US
6,107326).
Los Fotosensibilizadores descritos para Terapia Fotodinámica Antimicrobiana basados en porficenos son conjugados de tipo porficeno-polímero. Este polímero es de tipo poliamínico como, por ejemplo, la poli-glicina (L. Polo, A. Segalla, G. Bertoloni, G. Jori, K. Schaffner, E. Reddi, J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 2000, 59, 152-158). Estos conjugados se construyen mediante la formación de un único puente amida, éter o éster entre la posición 9 del macrociclo y el polímero (3). Hasta la fecha las posiciones periféricas unidas a los pirroles, notadas como 2, 7, 12, 17, no se han utilizado para la incorporación de aminas (-[N^{+}RR'R'']) en el macrociclo. La posibilidad de la incorporación, a voluntad, de aminas cuaternizadas (sales de amonio) en estas posiciones en porfirinas (T. Yamashita, T. Uno, Y. Ishikawa, Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2005, 13, 2423-2430) ha abierto la puerta a la obtención de derivados con un número de grupos amino cuaternarios predeterminado y con una geometría fijada en sistemas similares a los porficenos que permitirán la modulación de la actividad Antimicrobiana del Fotosensibilizador.The Photosensitizers described for Porcelain-based Photodynamic Therapy are porous-polymer conjugates. This polymer is of the polyamine type, such as polyglycine (L. Polo, A. Segalla, G. Bertoloni, G. Jori, K. Schaffner, E. Reddi, J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 2000, 59 , 152-158). These conjugates are constructed by forming a single amide, ether or ester bridge between position 9 of the macrocycle and the polymer (3). To date, peripheral positions attached to the pyrroles, noted as 2, 7, 12, 17, have not been used for the incorporation of amines (- [N + RR'R '']) in the macrocycle. The possibility of incorporating, at will, quaternized amines (ammonium salts) in these positions in porphyrins (T. Yamashita, T. Uno, Y. Ishikawa, Bioorg. Med. Chem . 2005 , 13 , 2423-2430) has Open the door to obtain derivatives with a predetermined number of quaternary amino groups and with a geometry fixed in systems similar to the porficenos that will allow the modulation of the Antimicrobial activity of the Photosensitizer.
A diferencia de los porficenos previamente descritos para Terapia Fotodinámica Antimicrobiana (cfr. estructura 3), los compuestos de la presente invención presentan en su estructura grupos arílicos en las posiciones 2, 7, 12, 17 lo cual proporciona un desplazamiento del máximo de absorción del fotosensibilizador hacia la zona roja del espectro de UV-vis lo cual es beneficioso para su aplicación práctica en clínica dada la mayor penetración de la luz roja en la piel.Unlike the previous porficenos described for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (cf. structure 3), the compounds of the present invention present in their structure aryl groups in positions 2, 7, 12, 17 which provides maximum displacement of the absorption of photosensitizer towards the red zone of the spectrum of UV-vis which is beneficial for your application clinical practice given the greater penetration of red light in the skin.
A pesar del número creciente de compuestos útiles para Terapia Fotodinámica Antimicrobiana propuestos hasta la fecha, existe en el estado de la técnica la necesidad de proporcionar nuevos porficenos catiónicos alternativos con un número de cargas determinado para su uso en Terapia Fotodinámica Antimicrobiana.Despite the increasing number of compounds useful for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy proposed until date, there is a need in the prior art for provide new alternative cationic porficenos with a number of loads determined for use in Photodynamic Therapy Antimicrobial
La figura 1 presenta el efecto fotodinámico producido por el tribromuro 2,7,12-tris(\alpha-piridinio-p-tolil)-17-(p-(metoximetil)fenil) porficeno sobre una suspensión de 10^{7} células/mL de Candida krusei.Figure 1 shows the photodynamic effect produced by 2,7,12-tris (α-pyridinium- p- tolyl) -17- ( p - (methoxymethyl) phenyl) porphene tribromide on a suspension of 10 7 cells / mL of Candida krusei .
La presente invención se relaciona en un aspecto con compuestos que presentan la siguiente fórmula general 1,The present invention relates in one aspect with compounds having the following general formula 1,
dondewhere
- G_{1}G_ {1}
- representa:It represents:
- (i)(i)
- -N^{+}R_{3}R_{4}R_{5} donde R_{3}, R_{4} y R_{5} cada uno independientemente se selecciona del grupo formado por alquilo, cicloalquilo, cicloalquilalquilo, arilo, aralquilo; o R_{3} y R_{4} tomados conjuntamente y unidos al N forman un heterociclo cicloalifático y R_{5} representa un alquilo, cicloalquilo, cicloalquilalquilo, arilo o araquilo;-N + R 3 R 4 R 5 where R 3, R 4 and R 5 each independently is selected from the group formed by alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl; or R 3 and R 4 taken together and attached to the N they form a cycloaliphatic heterocycle and R 5 represents a alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl or spider
- \quadquad
- oor
- (ii)(ii)
- -N^{+}R_{3}R_{4} donde R_{3} y R_{4} tomados conjuntamente y unidos al N forman un heterociclo aromático;-N + R 3 R 4 where R 3 and R 4 taken together and attached to the N form a heterocycle aromatic;
- G_{2}G_ {2}
- representa -OR_{6}, donde R_{6} es alquilo o tiene el mismo significado que G_{1}represents -OR 6, where R 6 is alkyl or It has the same meaning as G_ {1}
- R_{1}R_ {1}
- representa hidrógeno, alquilo, cicloalquilo, cicloalquilalquilo, arilo, aralquilo, ciano, halógeno, OH, o -CH_{2}G_{1} donde G_{1} tiene el mismo significado definido arriba;represents hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cyano, halogen, OH, or -CH_ {2} G_ {1} where G_ {1} has the same defined meaning above;
- R_{2}R2
- representa:It represents:
- a)to)
- hidrógeno cuando R_{1} representa hidrógeno; ohydrogen when R1 represents hydrogen; or
- b)b)
- un sustituyente seleccionado entre alquilo, cicloalquilo, cicloalquilalquilo, arilo, aralquilo, ciano, halógeno, OH, teniendo R_{2} y R_{1} el mismo significado; oa substituent selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cyano, halogen, OH, R 2 and R 1 having the same meaning; or
- c)C)
- -CH_{2}OR_{6} cuando G_{2} representa -OR_{6}, y R_{1} representa -CH_{2}OR_{6}, donde R_{6} es alquilo; o-CH_ {OR} {6} when G_ {2} represents -OR_ {6}, and R_ {1} represents -CH_ {OR} {6}, where R_ {6} is I rent; or
- d)d)
- -CH_{2}G_{1} cuando G_{2} y G_{1} tienen el mismo significado y R_{1} representa -CH_{2}G_{1}, teniendo G_{1} el mismo significado definido arriba-CH_ {2} G_ {1} when G_ {2} and G_ {1} have the same meaning and R_ {1} represents -CH_ {2} G_ {1}, having G_ {1} the same meaning defined above
y dondeY where
- A^{-}A <->
- representa un anión con una o dos cargas negativas; erepresents an anion with one or two negative charges; and
- yY
- representa el número de contraaniones entre 1 y 16 necesario para que el compuesto sea neutro.represents the number of counter-anions between 1 and 16 necessary for the compound to be neutral.
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip\ vskip1.000000 \ baselineskip
Grupos alquilo adecuados según la presente invención son grupos lineales o ramificados, con 1 a 6 átomos de C siempre que no se diga lo contrario. Ejemplos incluyen metilo, etilo, n-propilo, iso-butilo, etc.Suitable alkyl groups according to the present invention are linear or branched groups, with 1 to 6 C atoms as long as the contrary is not stated. Examples include methyl, ethyl, n -propyl, iso -butyl, etc.
Grupos cicloalquilo adecuados según la presente invención incluyen grupos cicloalquilo de entre 3 a 7 átomos en el anillo, como ciclopropilo, ciclobutilo, ciclopentilo, o ciclohexilo. El grupo cicloalquilo de la presente invención pueden estar además opcionalmente sustituido con uno o más sustituyentes seleccionados del grupo formado por alquilo; alcoxilo, amino, sal de amonio de fórmula N^{+}R_{3}R_{4}R_{5} donde R_{3}, R_{4}, R_{5} tienen el mismo significado mencionado anteriormente, éster y ácido carboxílicoSuitable cycloalkyl groups according to the present invention include cycloalkyl groups of between 3 to 7 atoms in the ring, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl. The cycloalkyl group of the present invention may also be optionally substituted with one or more selected substituents of the group formed by alkyl; alkoxy, amino, ammonium salt of formula N + R 3 R 4 R 5 where R 3, R 4, R 5 they have the same meaning mentioned above, ester and acid carboxylic
Grupos cicloalquilalquilo adecuados según la presente invención incluyen los grupos cicloalquilo definidos arriba unidos a un grupo alquileno C_{1}-C_{6}. En el contexto de la presente invención un grupo alquileno C_{1}-C_{6}, se refiere a un radical hidrocarbonado divalente saturado.Suitable cycloalkylalkyl groups according to The present invention includes the cycloalkyl groups defined above. bound to a C 1 -C 6 alkylene group. At context of the present invention an alkylene group C_ {C} {C6}, refers to a radical saturated divalent hydrocarbon.
Grupo arilo adecuado según la presente invención incluye grupos arilo carbocíclicos de 6 a 14 átomos de carbono como por ejemplo fenilo, naftilo, indenilo, fluorenilo, etc., que pueden estar además opcionalmente sustituidos con uno o más sustituyentes seleccionados del grupo formado por alquilo, alcoxilo, amino, sal de amonio de fórmula N^{+}R_{3}R_{4}R_{5} donde R_{3}, R_{4}, R_{5} tienen el mismo significado mencionado anteriormente éster y ácido carboxílico.Suitable aryl group according to the present invention includes carbocyclic aryl groups of 6 to 14 carbon atoms as for example phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, fluorenyl, etc., which can also be optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, amino, salt of ammonium of formula N + R 3 R 4 R 5 where R 3, R_ {4}, R_ {5} have the same meaning mentioned formerly ester and carboxylic acid.
Grupo aralquilo adecuado según la presente invención incluye los grupos arilos definidos arriba unidos a un grupo alquileno C_{1}-C_{6}. Ejemplos incluyen bencilo, feniletilo, fenilpropilo, fenilbutilo, etc. La cadena alquílica del grupo aralquilo puede estar susituida con uno o más sustituyentes seleccionados del grupo formado por alquilo, alcoxilo, amino, sal de amonio de fórmula N^{+}R_{3}R_{4}R_{5} donde R_{3}, R_{4}, R_{5} tienen el mismo significado mencionado anteriormente, éster y ácido carboxílico.Suitable aralkyl group according to the present invention includes the aryl groups defined above attached to a C 1 -C 6 alkylene group. Examples include benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, phenylbutyl, etc. Chain alkyl of the aralkyl group may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, amino, ammonium salt of formula N + R 3 R 4 R 5 where R 3, R 4, R 5 have the same meaning mentioned above, ester and carboxylic acid.
Un heterociclo alifático según la presente invención se refiere a un anillo heterocíclico alifático saturado o insaturado de 3-7 miembros que opcionalmente contiene adicionalmente O, NR_{7} o S, como miembro del anillo donde R_{7} representa un grupo alquilo. Ejemplos incluyen: aziridina, pirrolina, pirrolidina, pirazolina, piridazolidina, imidazolina, imidazolidina, piperidina, piperazina, morfolina, etc. Según la presente invención el heterociclo alifático puede estar además opcionalmente susitutido con uno o más sustituyentes seleccionados del grupo formado por alquilo, alcoxilo, amino, sal de amonio de fórmula N^{+}R_{3}R_{4}R_{5} donde R_{3}, R_{4}, R_{5} tienen el mismo significado mencionado anteriormente, éster y ácido carboxílico.An aliphatic heterocycle according to the present invention refers to a saturated aliphatic heterocyclic ring or unsaturated 3-7 members that optionally additionally contains O, NR7 or S, as a member of the ring where R 7 represents an alkyl group. Examples include: aziridine, pyrroline, pyrrolidine, pyrazoline, pyridazolidine, imidazoline, imidazolidine, piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, etc. According to the present invention the aliphatic heterocycle may be also optionally subscribed with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, amino, salt of ammonium of formula N + R 3 R 4 R 5 where R 3, R_ {4}, R_ {5} have the same meaning mentioned above, ester and carboxylic acid.
Un heterociclo aromático según la presente invención se refiere a un anillo heterocíclico aromático de 5 a 6 miembros que opcionalmente contiene adicionalmente O, N o S como miembro del anillo. Ejemplos incluyen: pirrol, isotiazol, isoxazol, tiazol, pirazol, imidazol, piridina, pirimidina, quinoleína, isoquinoleína, etc. Según la presente invención el heterociclo aromático puede estar además opcionalmente susitutido con uno o más sustituyentes seleccionados del grupo formado por alquilo, alcoxilo, amino, sal de amonio de fórmula N^{+}R_{3}R_{4}R_{5} donde R_{3}, R_{4}, R_{5} tienen el mismo significado mencionado anteriormente, éster y ácido carboxílico.An aromatic heterocycle according to the present invention relates to an aromatic heterocyclic ring of 5 to 6 members that optionally additionally contain O, N or S as ring member Examples include: pyrrole, isothiazole, isoxazole, thiazole, pyrazole, imidazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, quinolein, isoquinoline, etc. According to the present invention the heterocycle Aromatic may also be optionally subscribed with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, amino, ammonium salt of formula N + R 3 R 4 R 5 where R 3, R 4, R 5 have the same meaning mentioned above, ester and carboxylic acid.
Según la presente invención un alcoxilo es un grupo -OR_{6}, donde R_{6} representa un grupo alquilo. Según la presente invención un grupo amino es un grupo -NR_{8}R_{9} donde R_{8} y R_{9} iguales o diferentes entre sí pueden ser H o alquilo. Según la presente invención un éster es un grupo -COOR_{6}, donde R_{6} representa un grupo alquilo. Según la presente invención un ácido carboxílico es un grupo -COOH.According to the present invention an alkoxy is a group -OR 6, where R 6 represents an alkyl group. According to present invention an amino group is a group -NR 8 R 9 where R 8 and R 9 the same or different from each other can be H or I rent. According to the present invention an ester is a group -COOR 6, where R 6 represents an alkyl group. According to Present invention a carboxylic acid is a -COOH group.
El anión A^{-} puede ser en principio cualquier anión con una o dos cargas negativas en función del número de grupos de amonio cuaternario presentes. Preferiblemente el anión es un anión farmacéuticamente aceptable tal como por ejemplo cloruro, clorato, perclorato, sulfato, fosfato, bifosfato, bromato, bromuro, ioduro, nitrato, y aniones orgánicos tales como acetato, benzoato, succinato, bicarbonato, malato, maleato, fumarato, tartrato, citrato, lactato, metanosulfonato, p-tolucnsulfonato, salicilato, estearato etc.The anion A - may in principle be any anion with one or two negative charges depending on the number of quaternary ammonium groups present. Preferably the anion is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion such as, for example, chloride, chlorate, perchlorate, sulfate, phosphate, bisphosphate, bromate, bromide, iodide, nitrate, and organic anions such as acetate, benzoate, succinate, bicarbonate, malate, maleate, fumarate , tartrate, citrate, lactate, methanesulfonate, p -tolucnsulfonate, salicylate, stearate etc.
Los compuestos de la invención se caracterizan por estar simétricamente sustituidos en el sentido de que R_{1} y R_{2} tienen el mismo significado. En algunos compuestos de la invención además de que R_{1} y R_{2} tengan el mismo significado, G_{1} y G_{2} también tienen el mismo significado entre ellos y opcionalmente el mismo a su vez que R_{1} y R_{2}.The compounds of the invention are characterized for being symmetrically substituted in the sense that R_ {1} and R2 have the same meaning. In some compounds of the invention in addition to R 1 and R 2 having the same meaning, G_ {1} and G_ {2} also have the same meaning between them and optionally the same as R_ {1} and R2.
En una realización particular del compuesto de la invención:In a particular embodiment of the compound of the invention:
- G_{2} tiene el mismo significado que G_{1};G_ {2} has the same meaning as G_ {1};
- R_{1} y R_{2}, iguales entre sí, representan hidrógeno, -CH_{2}-G_{1} o un grupo -CH_{2}-OR_{6} donde R_{6} es un grupo alquilo; yR_ {1} and R2, equal to each other, represents hydrogen, -CH_ {2} -G_ {1} or a group -CH_ {2} -OR_ {6} where R_ {6} is a group I rent; Y
- G_{1} representa un heterociclo aromático (de fórmula -N^{+}R_{3}R_{4}), opcionalmente sustituido con un grupo alquilo.G_ {1} represents an aromatic heterocycle (of formula -N + R 3 R 4), optionally substituted with a group I rent.
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En otra realización particular en el compuesto de la invención los sustituyentes R_{1}, R_{2}, -CH_{2}G_{1}, -CH_{2}G_{2} están respectivamente sobre la posición, orto, meta o para, preferiblemente para, en el radical fenileno en las posiciones 2,7,12,17-del porficeno.In another particular embodiment in the compound of the invention the substituents R 1, R 2, -CH 2 G 1, -CH 2 G 2 are respectively on the position, ortho , meta or for , preferably for , in the phenylene radical at positions 2,7,12,17-of the porficen.
En otra realización particular el número n^{+} está comprendido entre 2 y 6.In another particular embodiment the number n + It is between 2 and 6.
En otra realización particular del compuesto de la invenciónIn another particular embodiment of the compound of the invention
- G_{2} tiene el mismo significado que G_{1};G_ {2} has the same meaning as G_ {1};
- R_{1} y R_{2}, iguales entre sí, representan hidrógeno, -CH_{2}-G_{1} o un grupo -CH_{2}-OR_{6} donde R_{6} es un grupo alquilo; yR_ {1} and R2, equal to each other, represents hydrogen, -CH_ {2} -G_ {1} or a group -CH_ {2} -OR_ {6} where R_ {6} is a group I rent; Y
- G_{1} representa un heterociclo aromático (de fórmula -N^{+}R_{3}R_{4}), opcionalmente sustituido con un grupo alquilo;G_ {1} represents an aromatic heterocycle (of formula -N + R 3 R 4), optionally substituted with a group I rent;
- los sustituyentes R_{1}, R_{2}, -CH_{2}G_{1}, -CH_{2}G_{2} están respectivamente sobre la posición para en el radical fenileno en las posiciones 2,7,12,17-del porficeno y el número n^{+} está comprendido entre 2 y 6.the substituents R 1, R 2, -CH 2 G 1, -CH 2 G 2 are respectively on the para position in the phenylene radical at positions 2,7,12, 17-of the porficen and the number n + is between 2 and 6.
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En una realización preferida el compuesto de fórmula 1 se selecciona del grupo formado por:In a preferred embodiment the compound of Formula 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
- [1][one]
- Tetrabromuro de 2,7,12,17-tetrakis (\alpha-piridinio-p-tolil) porficenoTetrabromide of 2,7,12,17-tetrakis (α-pyridinium- p- tolyl) porphene
- [2][2]
- Tribromuro de 2,7,12-tris(\alpha-piridinio-p-tolil)-17-(p-(metoximetil)fenil) porficeno2,7,12-Tris (α-pyridinium- p- tolyl) -17- ( p - (methoxymethyl) phenyl) porphene tribromide
- [3][3]
- Dibromuro de 2,7-bis (\alpha-piridinio-p-tolil)-12,17-difenil porficeno.2,7-bis (α-pyridinium- p- tolyl) -12,17-diphenyl porphene dibromide.
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En otro aspecto la invención se refiere a un procedimiento de obtención de los compuestos porficenos de la invención. Dicho procedimiento, en adelante procedimiento de la invención, comprende las siguientes dos etapas:In another aspect the invention relates to a procedure for obtaining the porous compounds of the invention. Said procedure, hereinafter procedure of the invention, comprises the following two stages:
- (i)(i)
- desprotección del alcohol bencílico y tratamiento con un agente activante; ydeprotection of benzyl alcohol and treatment with an activating agent; Y
- (ii)(ii)
- tratamiento del compuesto obtenido en (i) con una amina terciaria de fórmula general NR_{3}R_{4}R_{5},treatment of the compound obtained in (i) with a tertiary amine of general formula NR 3 R 4 R 5,
- \quadquad
- donde R_{3}, R_{4} y R_{5} tienen el mismo significado definido para el compuesto de la invención de fórmula general 1.where R 3, R 4 and R 5 have the same defined meaning for the compound of the invention of formula general 1.
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La primera etapa (i) comprende, de forma simultánea o consecutiva, a) el tratamiento de un compuesto de partida de fórmula general 4 con un reactivo de desprotección del alcohol de las posiciones bencílicas y b) el tratamiento con un agente activante que introduce un grupo saliente X en reacciones de sustitución nucleófila por ejemplo un halógeno como el Br. El compuesto resultante de la etapa (i) es un compuesto porficeno de fórmula general 5.The first stage (i) comprises, in a way simultaneous or consecutive, a) the treatment of a compound of heading of general formula 4 with a deprotection reagent of the alcohol of benzyl positions and b) treatment with a activating agent that introduces a leaving group X in reactions of nucleophilic substitution for example a halogen like Br. compound resulting from step (i) is a porous compound of general formula 5.
Los reactivos de desprotección de alcoholes bencílicos son ácidos de Brönsted o Lewis convencionales y por tanto bien conocidos para un experto en la materia como por ejemplo ácido trifluoroacético o BBr_{3}. En el contexto de la presente invención un agente activante es un reactivo capaz de introducir en la posición bencílica un grupo saliente X. Ejemplos de agentes activantes son entre otros PBr_{3}, SOCl_{2}, (PhO)_{3}PCH_{3}I y haluros de tosilo.Alcohol deprotection reagents benzyl are conventional Brönsted or Lewis acids and therefore well known to a person skilled in the art such as acid trifluoroacetic or BBr 3. In the context of this invention an activating agent is a reagent capable of introducing the benzyl position a leaving group X. Examples of agents activators are among others PBr 3, SOCl 2, (PhO) 3 PCH 3 I and tosyl halides.
Los grupos salientes X según la presente invención son buenos grupos salientes convencionales y bien conocidos para un experto en la materia que se utilizan típicamente en reacciones de sustitución nucleófila (March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure. M. Smith, J. March. Wiley 6^{th} edition. 2007. ISBN: 0471720917). Ejemplos ilustrativos son halógenos, preferiblemente Br y I y tosilatos, entre otros. Estos grupos son necesarios para la introducción de las aminas terciarias en la etapa siguiente.Outgoing groups X according to the present invention are good conventional outgoing groups and well known to a person skilled in the art that are typically used in nucleophilic substitution reactions (March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure. M. Smith, J. March. Wiley 6th edition. 2007. ISBN: 0471720917). Examples Illustrative are halogens, preferably Br and I and tosylates, among others. These groups are necessary for the introduction of tertiary amines in the next stage.
Esta etapa (i) de desprotección-activación se representa en el Esquema 1, donde R_{1}, R_{2} y R_{6} tienen los significados anteriormente definidos.This stage (i) of deprotection-activation is represented in the Scheme 1, where R_ {1}, R2 and R_ {6} have the meanings previously defined.
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Esquema 1Scheme one
Los compuestos de partida de fórmula general 4 se obtienen por métodos convencionales descritos en la literatura (D. Sánchez-García, J. I. Borrell, S. Nonell, Org Lett, 2009, 11, 77-79). Estos compuestos pueden ser: simétricamente sustituidos (R_{1} = R_{2} = -CH_{2}OR_{6}) o asimétricamante sustituidos (R_{1}= R_{2} = hidrógeno y R_{1} = R_{2} = un sustituyente, que se selecciona de entre alquilo, cicloalquilo, cicloalquilalquilo, arilo, aralquilo, ciano, halógeno, OH y -OR donde R representa un grupo alquilo).The starting compounds of general formula 4 are obtained by conventional methods described in the literature (D. Sánchez-García, JI Borrell, S. Nonell, Org Lett , 2009 , 11 , 77-79). These compounds may be: symmetrically substituted (R 1 = R 2 = -CH 2 OR 6) or asymmetrically substituted (R 1 = R 2 = hydrogen and R 1 = R_ {2} = a substituent, which is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cyano, halogen, OH and -OR where R represents an alkyl group).
Los compuestos 5a, 5b y 5c se obtienen después de la etapa (i) cuando se parte de un compuesto de fórmula general 4 simétricamente sustituido donde R_{1} = R_{2} = -CH_{2}OR_{6}. Esta etapa (i) conduce en general a una mezcla más o menos enriquecida en cada uno de los compuestos 5a-c lo cual depende, entre otros factores, del tiempo de reacción del tratamiento con el reactivo de desprotección. En general, los compuestos 5a-c se pueden aislar y purificar por procedimientos convencionales por ejemplo, métodos cromatográficos para obtenerlos a escala preparativa.Compounds 5a, 5b and 5c are then obtained. of step (i) when starting from a compound of general formula 4 symmetrically substituted where R_ {1} = R2_ = -CH_ {2} OR_ {6}. This stage (i) generally leads to a mixture more or less enriched in each of the compounds 5a-c which depends, among other factors, on reaction time of the treatment with the deprotection reagent. In general, compounds 5a-c can be isolated and purify by conventional procedures for example methods Chromatographic to obtain them on a preparative scale.
Por otra parte cuando el producto de partida es un compuesto asimétrico de fórmula general 4 cuyos sustituyentes R_{1} y R_{2} son insensibles al tratamiento de la etapa (i), es decir, cuando R_{1} y R_{2} iguales entre sí, son hidrógeno o un sustituyente como se ha definido arriba (R_{1} = R_{2} = hidrógeno y R_{1} = R_{2} = un sustituyente, que se selecciona de entre alquilo, cicloalquilo, cicloalquilalquilo, arilo, aralquilo, ciano, halógeno, OH y -OR donde R representa un grupo alquilo), se obtiene en general una mezcla de compuestos 5d y 5e más o menos enriquecida en cada uno de ellos. A continuación, los compuestos 5d y 5e se separan por métodos convencionales de aislamiento y purificación tales como los métodos cromatográficos preparativos.On the other hand when the starting product is an asymmetric compound of general formula 4 whose substituents R 1 and R 2 are insensitive to the treatment of step (i), it is that is, when R 1 and R 2 equal to each other, they are hydrogen or a substituent as defined above (R1 {R2} = hydrogen and R1 = R2 = a substituent, which is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cyano, halogen, OH and -OR where R represents a group alkyl), a mixture of compounds 5d and 5e more is generally obtained or less enriched in each of them. Following, the 5d and 5e compounds are separated by conventional methods of isolation and purification such as chromatographic methods preparations.
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Esquema 2Scheme 2
La segunda etapa (ii) del procedimiento de la invención comprende tratar un porficeno de fórmula general 5 con una amina terciaria. El tratamiento puede hacerse directamente utilizando la propia amina terciaria como disolvente, por ejemplo la piridina, o con la amina terciaria en presencia de un disolvente inerte para rendir la sal de amonio cuaternaria correspondiente (Esquema 2).The second stage (ii) of the procedure of the invention comprises treating a porcelain of general formula 5 with a tertiary amine The treatment can be done directly using the tertiary amine itself as a solvent, for example the pyridine, or with the tertiary amine in the presence of a solvent inert to yield the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt (Scheme 2).
La amina terciaria utilizada presenta la fórmula general N^{+}R_{3}R_{4}R_{5} donde los sutituyentes tienen el significado anteriormente definido.The tertiary amine used has the formula general N + R 3 R 4 R 5 where the substituents have the meaning defined above.
En una realización particular los tratamientos a) y b) de la etapa (i) se llevan a cabo simultáneamente con ácido bromhídrico en disolución de ácido acético en un disolvente inerte. El disolvente inerte es un disolvente que no interfiere en la reacción y puede seleccionarse de un amplio grupo de disolventes orgánicos convencionales. En una realización particular de la etapa (i) se utiliza un disolvente de tipo clorado, preferentemente diclorometano. El procedimiento se lleva a cabo preferiblemente a temperatura ambiente bajo agitación.In a particular embodiment the treatments a) and b) of step (i) are carried out simultaneously with acid hydrobromic in acetic acid solution in an inert solvent. The inert solvent is a solvent that does not interfere with the reaction and can be selected from a wide group of solvents Conventional organic In a particular embodiment of the stage (i) a chlorinated type solvent is used, preferably dichloromethane The process is preferably carried out at ambient temperature under stirring.
Si los compuestos de fórmula general 1 se
obtienen en forma de una mezcla de estereoisómeros, particularmente
enantiómeros o diastereómeros, dichas mezclas puede separarse
mediante procedimientos convencionales que los expertos en la
técnica conocen, por ejemplo procedimientos cromatográficos o
cristalización con reactivos qui-
rales.If the compounds of general formula 1 are obtained in the form of a mixture of stereoisomers, particularly enantiomers or diastereomers, said mixtures can be separated by conventional procedures known to those skilled in the art, for example chromatographic procedures or crystallization with reagents
rales.
Los porficenos, en general, pueden formar fácilmente complejos con metales divalentes, tales como Zn, Mg, Pd, Ni, Pt, Cu o Sn, por tratamiento con las sales metálicas correspondientes por ejemplo los acetatos o cloruros en un disolvente como ácido acético glacial o dimetilformamida, generalmente en caliente. En este sentido la invención se relaciona asimismo con un complejo formado por reacción entre un compuesto de la invención y una sal de un metal divalente seleccionado del grupo formado por Zn, Mg, Pd, Ni, Pt, Cu y Sn, preferentemente con Pd.Porficenos, in general, can form easily complexes with divalent metals, such as Zn, Mg, Pd, Ni, Pt, Cu or Sn, by treatment with metal salts corresponding for example the acetates or chlorides in a solvent such as glacial acetic acid or dimethylformamide, generally hot. In this sense the invention relates also with a complex formed by reaction between a compound of the invention and a salt of a divalent metal selected from the group formed by Zn, Mg, Pd, Ni, Pt, Cu and Sn, preferably with Pd.
Los compuestos de fórmula general 1 de la presente invención pueden ser convenientemente formulados como formulaciones terapéuticas para la administración a pacientes que tienen la necesidad de una terapia fotodinámica para el tratamiento de enfermedades o condiciones causadas por microorganismos patógenos.The compounds of general formula 1 of the The present invention can be conveniently formulated as therapeutic formulations for administration to patients who they need a photodynamic therapy to treat of diseases or conditions caused by microorganisms pathogens
Por tanto en un aspecto la invención se refiere a una composición farmacéutica que comprende al menos un compuesto de fórmula general 1 y al menos un excipiente farmacéuticamente aceptable. Ejemplos de estas composiciones incluyen composiciones que comprenden liposomas o microvesículas, los cuales incorporan el compuesto y pueden presentarse como dispersiones, soluciones, lociones, geles, entre otras, para su aplicación tópica. Todas estas composiciones farmacéuticas pueden ser preparadas por el experto en la materia mediante procedimientos de galénica bien conocidos.Therefore in one aspect the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of general formula 1 and at least one pharmaceutically excipient acceptable. Examples of these compositions include compositions which comprise liposomes or microvesicles, which incorporate the compound and can be presented as dispersions, solutions, lotions, gels, among others, for topical application. All these Pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared by the expert in the matter by means of galenic procedures well known.
En otro aspecto la invención se relaciona con un compuesto de fórmula general 1 para su uso en el tratamiento y/o prevención de enfermedades o condiciones causadas por microorganismos patógenos mediante Terapia Fotodinámica (FTA). Dichas enfermedades causadas por microorganismos patógenos son entre otras, las causadas por bacterias patógenas (gram positivas o gram negativas), hongos y protozoos por ejemplo: acné, infecciones dentales como periodontitis o caries, candidiasis o leishmaniasis entre otras.In another aspect the invention relates to a compound of general formula 1 for use in the treatment and / or prevention of diseases or conditions caused by Pathogenic microorganisms by Photodynamic Therapy (FTA). Such diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms are among others, those caused by pathogenic bacteria (gram positive or gram negative), fungi and protozoa for example: acne, infections Dental such as periodontitis or caries, candidiasis or leishmaniasis among other.
Después de la administración de una cantidad
terapéuticamente efectiva de uno o más porficenos de la presente
invención en una composición farmacéutica o preparación, a un
paciente en necesidad de tratamiento que presenta una condición o
enfermedad tratable, el área del cuerpo del paciente afectada se
expone a una cantidad terapéuticamente eficaz de luz que presente la
longitud de onda adecuada para ser absorbida por el porficeno
correspondiente. El establecimiento de la misma es algo obvio para
un experto en la materia. En general la luz presenta una longitud de
onda comprendida entre 400-800 nm. La irradiación
del porficeno genera especies reactivas de oxígeno, entre ellas
oxígeno singlete, que se consideran las especies activas
responsables de la destrucción del microorganismo
patógeno.After administration of a therapeutically effective amount of one or more of the present invention in a pharmaceutical composition or preparation, to a patient in need of treatment presenting a treatable condition or disease, the area of the affected patient's body is exposed to a therapeutically effective amount of light having the appropriate wavelength to be absorbed by the corresponding porficen. The establishment of it is obvious to an expert in the field. In general, the light has a wavelength between 400-800 nm. Porcelain irradiation generates reactive oxygen species, including singlet oxygen, which are considered the active species responsible for the destruction of the microorganism
pathogen.
La terapia fotodinámica utilizando un compuesto de la invención presenta la ventaja de que resulta selectiva y mínimamente nociva para los tejidos sanos.Photodynamic therapy using a compound of the invention has the advantage that it is selective and minimally harmful to healthy tissues.
En otro aspecto la invención se relaciona con un método para destruir o prevenir poblaciones de un microorganismo patógeno que comprende aplicar un compuesto de la presente invención sobre un objeto e irradiar el mismo de forma secuencial o simultánea con una luz en el rango de 400-800 nm. En una realización particular el objeto a esterilizar o desinfectar se puede sumergir en una composición líquida que comprende el compuesto de la invención e irradiar con una fuente de luz adecuada como una lámpara de sodio o halógena o un tubo fluorescente. La inmersión y la aplicación de radicación se llevan a cabo durante un tiempo que puede ser variable hasta conseguir la esterilización; el ajuste de los parámetros puede ser fácilmente determinado en cada caso por el experto en la materia. Dicho objeto puede ser cualquiera en principio, por ejemplo una prótesis o un instrumento quirúrgico.In another aspect the invention relates to a method to destroy or prevent populations of a microorganism pathogen comprising applying a compound of the present invention on an object and radiate it sequentially or simultaneously with a light in the range of 400-800 nm. In a particular embodiment the object to be sterilized or disinfected is can immerse in a liquid composition comprising the compound of the invention and irradiate with a suitable light source as a sodium or halogen lamp or a fluorescent tube. Immersion and the filing application are carried out for a time that It can be variable until sterilization is achieved; the setting of The parameters can be easily determined in each case by the skilled. Said object may be any in principle, for example a prosthesis or a surgical instrument.
A continuación, para una mejor comprensión de la presente invención, sin que deban ser interpretados como limitaciones del alcance de la misma, se exponen los siguientes ejemplos.Next, for a better understanding of the present invention, without being interpreted as limitations of the scope of the same, the following are exposed examples.
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204 mg (0,26 mmol) de 2,7,12,17-tetrakis(p-(metoximetil)fenil) porficeno (preparado según se describe en: D. Sánchez-García, J. I. Borrell, S. Nonell, Org Lett, 2009, 11, 77-79) se disuelven en 200 mL de diclorometano anhidro. A continuación, se adicionan gota a gota 43 mL (425 mmol) de solución de bromuro de hidrógeno (33 wt. % en ácido acético) manteniendo la temperatura a 4ºC mediante un baño agua-hielo. Al cabo de 3 horas se añaden a la mezcla de reacción 200 mL de agua a 4ºC. Se separan las fases en un embudo de decantación y la fase orgánica se lava con disolución saturada de NaHCO_{3}. El extracto orgánico se seca sobre MgSO_{4} y el disolvente se elimina a presión reducida. Los compuestos 5c y 5b se aíslan por cromatografía de columna de gel de sílice utilizando como eluyente una mezcla de ciclohexano/diclorometano (1:1 v/v). Compuesto 5c: 20 mg, (Rto = 8%). ^{1}H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl_{3}): \delta = 9.91 (s, 4H), 9.69 (s, 4H), 9.70 (s, 4H), 8.32 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 8H), 7.85 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 8H), 7.80 (d, 2H), 4.79 (s, 8H), 3.60 (s, 2H). Compuesto 5b: 25 mg, (Rto = 10%), ^{1}H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl_{3}): \delta = 9.93 (s, 1H), 9.92 (s, 3H), 9.70 (s, 4H), 8.32 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 8H), 7.85 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 8H), 7.80 (d, 2H), 4.79 (s, 6H), 4.75 (s, 2H); 3.58 (s, 3H). ^{13}C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl_{3}3): \delta = 137.6, 136.8, 132.1, 132.0, 131.6, 131.5, 129.9, 129.4, 128.6, 74.8, 33.7, 29.9. UV/Vis (tolueno): 666 (46060), 631 (47100), 588 (34630), 396 (82680), 380 (102100). HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z C_{49}H_{37}Br_{3}N_{4}O calculado, 937.0550; experimental, 937.0578.204 mg (0.26 mmol) of 2,7,12,17-tetrakis ( p - (methoxymethyl) phenyl) porphene (prepared as described in: D. Sánchez-García, JI Borrell, S. Nonell, Org Lett, 2009 , 11 , 77-79) are dissolved in 200 mL of anhydrous dichloromethane. Then, 43 mL (425 mmol) of hydrogen bromide solution (33 wt.% In acetic acid) are added dropwise while maintaining the temperature at 4 ° C by means of a water-ice bath. After 3 hours 200 mL of water at 4 ° C is added to the reaction mixture. The phases are separated in a separatory funnel and the organic phase is washed with saturated NaHCO3 solution. The organic extract is dried over MgSO4 and the solvent is removed under reduced pressure. Compounds 5c and 5b are isolated by silica gel column chromatography using as eluent a cyclohexane / dichloromethane mixture (1: 1 v / v). Compound 5c: 20 mg, (Rto = 8%). 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3): δ = 9.91 (s, 4H), 9.69 (s, 4H), 9.70 (s, 4H), 8.32 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 8H), 7.85 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 8H), 7.80 (d, 2H), 4.79 (s, 8H), 3.60 (s, 2H). Compound 5b: 25 mg, (Rto = 10%), 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3): δ = 9.93 (s, 1H), 9.92 (s, 3H), 9.70 (s , 4H), 8.32 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 8H), 7.85 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 8H), 7.80 (d, 2H), 4.79 (s, 6H), 4.75 (s, 2H); 3.58 (s, 3H). 13 C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 3): δ = 137.6, 136.8, 132.1, 132.0, 131.6, 131.5, 129.9, 129.4, 128.6, 74.8, 33.7, 29.9. UV / Vis (toluene): 666 (46060), 631 (47100), 588 (34630), 396 (82680), 380 (102100). HRMS (ESI-TOF) m / z C 49 H 37 Br 3 N 4 O calculated, 937.0550; experimental, 937.0578.
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25 mg (0,036 mmol) de 2,7-bis(p-(metoximetil)fenil)-12,17-difenil porficeno (preparado de forma análoga al 2,7,12,17-tetrakis(p-(metoximetil)fenil) porficeno utilizando una mezcla equimolar de los dialdehídos correspondientes según se describe en: D. Sánchez-García, J. I. Borrell, S. Nonell, Org Lett, 2009, 11, 77-79 y S. Nonell, N. Bou, J. I. Borrell, J. Teixidó, A. Villanueva, A. Juarranz and M. Cañete, Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 3405) se disuelven en 25 mL de diclorometano anhidro. A continuación, se adicionan gota a gota 5 mL de solución de bromuro de hidrógeno (33 wt. % en ácido acético) manteniendo la temperatura a 4ºC mediante un baño agua-hielo. Al cabo de 3 horas se añaden a la mezcla de reacción 50 mL de agua a 4ºC. Se separan las fases en un embudo de decantación y la fase orgánica se lava con disolución saturada de NaHCO_{3}. El extracto orgánico se seca sobre MgSO_{4} y el disolvente se elimina a presión reducida. El compuesto 5d se aísla por utilizando cromatografía de columna de gel de sílice utilizando como eluyente una mezcla de ciclohexano/diclorometano (1:1 v/v). Se obtienen 27 mg del porficeno 5d. (Rto = 95%). ^{1}H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl_{3}): \delta = 9.90 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 4H), 9.67 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 4H), 8.32 (m, 8H), 7.83 (m, 8H), 7.69 (m, 2H), 4.79 (s, 4H), 3.73 (s, 2H).25 mg (0.036 mmol) of 2,7-bis ( p - (methoxymethyl) phenyl) -12,17-diphenyl porphene (prepared analogously to 2,7,12,17-tetrakis ( p - (methoxymethyl) phenyl) Porcelain using an equimolar mixture of the corresponding dialdehydes as described in: D. Sánchez-García, JI Borrell, S. Nonell, Org Lett , 2009 , 11 , 77-79 and S. Nonell, N. Bou, JI Borrell, J Teixidó, A. Villanueva, A. Juarranz and M. Cañete, Tetrahedron Lett ., 1995 , 36 , 3405) are dissolved in 25 mL of anhydrous dichloromethane. Then, 5 mL of hydrogen bromide solution (33 wt.% In acetic acid) is added dropwise while maintaining the temperature at 4 ° C by means of a water-ice bath. After 3 hours, 50 mL of water at 4 ° C is added to the reaction mixture. The phases are separated in a separatory funnel and the organic phase is washed with saturated NaHCO3 solution. The organic extract is dried over MgSO4 and the solvent is removed under reduced pressure. Compound 5d is isolated by using silica gel column chromatography using as eluent a cyclohexane / dichloromethane mixture (1: 1 v / v). 27 mg of the 5d porcelain are obtained. (Rto = 95%). 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3): δ = 9.90 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 4H), 9.67 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 4H), 8.32 (m, 8H) , 7.83 (m, 8H), 7.69 (m, 2H), 4.79 (s, 4H), 3.73 (s, 2H).
25 mg de 2,7,12-tris(p-(bromometil)fenil)-17-(p-(metoximetil)fenil) porficeno se disuelve en la mínima cantidad de piridina anhidra (aprox. 2 mL). La solución se calienta a 80ºC durante 2 h. Al cabo de las cuales aparece un sólido que se separa por centrifugación. El producto crudo se lava con éter ter-butílico (3x 5 mL) y se seca a vacío. Se obtienen 25 mg del porficeno tricationico 1b como un polvo verde oscuro (Rto. = 85%). ^{1}H-NMR (400 MHz/ppm, d_{6}-DMSO): 10.19 (sa, 4H), 10.05 (sa, 4H), 9.47 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 6H), 8.76 (t, 3H), 8.50 (d, 6H), 8.40 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 8.34 (t, 6H), 8.06 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 6H), 7.84 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.83 (t, 2H), 8.06 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 12H); 6.18 (s, 6H), 4.72 (s, 2H), 3.83 (s, 2H), 3.49 (s, 3H). ^{13}C-NMR (100 MHz/ppm, d_{6}-DMSO): 146.7, 145.5, 144.7, 144.1, 143.8, 143.5, 142.7, 142.4, 142.0, 138.9, 137.0, 135.0, 134.8, 134.5, 134.1, 132.4, 131.6, 130.3, 129.1, 128.9, 125.9, 115.3, 73.9, 63.6, 58.3. UV/Vis (MeOH): 656 (112200), 624 (99890), 582 (80850), 391 (190700), 375 (232400). HRMS (ESI-TOF) m/z C_{52}H_{47}N_{4}O_{4}^{2+} calculado, 466.7072; experimental, 466.7066.25 mg of 2,7,12-tris ( p - (bromomethyl) phenyl) -17- ( p - (methoxymethyl) phenyl) porcelain is dissolved in the minimum amount of anhydrous pyridine (approx. 2 mL). The solution is heated at 80 ° C for 2 h. After which a solid appears which is separated by centrifugation. The crude product is washed with tert- butyl ether (3 x 5 mL) and dried in vacuo. 25 mg of tricationic porficen 1b are obtained as a dark green powder (Rto. = 85%). 1 H-NMR (400 MHz / ppm, d 6 -DMSO): 10.19 (sa, 4H), 10.05 (sa, 4H), 9.47 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 6H), 8.76 (t , 3H), 8.50 (d, 6H), 8.40 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 8.34 (t, 6H), 8.06 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 6H), 7.84 (d, J = 8.0 Hz , 2H), 3.83 (t, 2H), 8.06 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 12H); 6.18 (s, 6H), 4.72 (s, 2H), 3.83 (s, 2H), 3.49 (s, 3H). 13 C-NMR (100 MHz / ppm, d 6 -DMSO): 146.7, 145.5, 144.7, 144.1, 143.8, 143.5, 142.7, 142.4, 142.0, 138.9, 137.0, 135.0, 134.8, 134.5, 134.1 , 132.4, 131.6, 130.3, 129.1, 128.9, 125.9, 115.3, 73.9, 63.6, 58.3. UV / Vis (MeOH): 656 (112200), 624 (99890), 582 (80850), 391 (190700), 375 (232400). HRMS (ESI-TOF) m / z C 52 H 47 N 4 O 4 + 2 calculated, 466.7072; Experimental, 466.7066.
25 mg de 2,7,12-tris(p-(bromometil)fenil)-17-(p-(metoximetil)fenil) porficeno se disuelve en la mínima cantidad de piridina anhidra (aprox. 2 mL). La solución se calienta a 80ºC durante 2 h. Al cabo de las cuales aparece un sólido que se separa por centrifugación. El producto crudo se lava con éter ter-butílico (3 x 5 mL) y se seca a vacío. Se obtienen 26 mg del porficeno tetracationico 1a como un polvo verde oscuro (Rto. = 80%). ^{1}H-NMR (400 MHz/d_{6}-DMSO): 10.19 (s, 4H), 10.05 (s, 4H), 9.44 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 8H), 8.76 (t, 4H), 8.50 (d, J = 9.2, 8H), 8.40 (t, 8H), 8.06 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 8H), 6.16 (s, 8H). IR (KBr/cm^{-1}): 3432, 2924, 2854, 1733, 131, 1483, 1452, 1384, 1110, 965.25 mg of 2,7,12-tris ( p - (bromomethyl) phenyl) -17- ( p - (methoxymethyl) phenyl) porcelain is dissolved in the minimum amount of anhydrous pyridine (approx. 2 mL). The solution is heated at 80 ° C for 2 h. After which a solid appears which is separated by centrifugation. The crude product is washed with tert- butyl ether (3 x 5 mL) and dried in vacuo. 26 mg of tetracationic porcelain 1a are obtained as a dark green powder (Rto. = 80%). 1 H-NMR (400 MHz / d 6 -DMSO): 10.19 (s, 4H), 10.05 (s, 4H), 9.44 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 8H), 8.76 (t, 4H ), 8.50 (d, J = 9.2, 8H), 8.40 (t, 8H), 8.06 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 8H), 6.16 (s, 8H). IR (KBr / cm -1): 3432, 2924, 2854, 1733, 131, 1483, 1452, 1384, 1110, 965.
- Concentración del porficeno: 10 \mum.Concentration of the porcelain: 10 µm.
- Incubación oscura (tiempo anterior a la incubación): 30 min.Incubation dark (time before incubation): 30 min.
- Cantidad de células microbianas: 10^{7} células/ml.Amount of microbial cells: 10 7 cells / ml.
- Medio de irradiación: tampon fosfato salino (phosphate-buffered saline), pH 7,4.Source of irradiation: saline phosphate buffer (phosphate-buffered saline), pH 7.4.
- Fuente de luz: Sorisa Photocare, irradiación con LEDs de luz roja de 635\pm10 nm.Light source: Sorisa Photocare, irradiation with red light LEDs of 635 ± 10 nm.
- Fluencia de irradiación: 35 mW/cm.Creep irradiation: 35 mW / cm.
- Tiempo de irradiación: 10 min.Time of irradiation: 10 min.
La figura 1 presenta el efecto fotodinámico producido por el porficeno sobre una suspensión de 10^{7} células/mL de Candida krusei. El contaje celular se realizó mediante diluciones decimales seriadas de las suspensiones celulares tratadas.Figure 1 shows the photodynamic effect produced by the porphene on a suspension of 10 7 cells / mL of Candida krusei . The cell count was performed by serial decimal dilutions of the treated cell suspensions.
Se presentan en la figura 1 el control sin tratar, control con porficeno sin irradiación, control sin porficeno e irradiación y, por último, el resultado de la irradiación con porficeno. Mientras que ningún efecto es observado al introducir porficeno o luz individualmente, la combinación de ambos factores a una concentración de 10 \muM y una dosis de 15 J/cm^{2} resultó suficiente para reducir la población de Candida krusei más de 5 unidades logarítmicas, eliminando pues > 99,999% de la población. Estos resultados se resumen en la siguiente Tabla 1:Figure 1 shows the untreated control, control with porcelain without irradiation, control without porficen and irradiation and, finally, the result of irradiation with porficen. While no effect is observed when entering porficen or light individually, the combination of both factors at a concentration of 10 µM and a dose of 15 J / cm2 was sufficient to reduce the population of Candida krusei more than 5 units Logarithmic, thus eliminating> 99.999% of the population. These results are summarized in the following Table 1:
Claims (18)
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- G_{1}G_ {1}
- representa:It represents:
- (i)(i)
- -N^{+}R_{3}R_{4}R_{5} donde R_{3}, R_{4} y R_{5} cada uno independientemente se selecciona del grupo formado por alquilo, cicloalquilo, cicloalquilalquilo, arilo, aralquilo; o R_{3} y R_{4} tomados conjuntamente y unidos al N forman un heterociclo cicloalifático y R_{5} representa un alquilo, cicloalquilo, cicloalquilalquilo, arilo o araquilo;-N + R 3 R 4 R 5 where R 3, R 4 and R 5 each independently is selected from the group formed by alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl; or R 3 and R 4 taken together and attached to the N they form a cycloaliphatic heterocycle and R 5 represents a alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl or spider
- \quadquad
- oor
- (ii)(ii)
- -N^{+}R_{3}R_{4} donde R_{3} y R_{4} tomados conjuntamente y unidos al N forman un heterociclo aromático;-N + R 3 R 4 where R 3 and R 4 taken together and attached to the N form a heterocycle aromatic;
- G_{2}G_ {2}
- representa -OR_{6} donde R_{6} es alquilo o tiene el mismo significado que G_{1}represents -OR 6 where R 6 is alkyl or It has the same meaning as G_ {1}
- R_{1}R_ {1}
- representa hidrógeno, alquilo, cicloalquilo, cicloalquilalquilo, arilo, aralquilo, ciano, halógeno, OH, o -CH_{2}G_{1} donde G_{1} tiene el mismo significado definido arriba;represents hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cyano, halogen, OH, or -CH_ {2} G_ {1} where G_ {1} has the same defined meaning above;
- R_{2}R2
- representa:It represents:
- a)to)
- hidrógeno cuando R_{1} representa hidrógeno; ohydrogen when R1 represents hydrogen; or
- b)b)
- un sustituyente seleccionado entre alquilo, cicloalquilo, cicloalquilalquilo, arilo, aralquilo, ciano, halógeno, OH, teniendo R_{2} y R_{1} el mismo significado; oa substituent selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cyano, halogen, OH, R 2 and R 1 having the same meaning; or
- c)C)
- -CH_{2}OR_{6} cuando G_{2} representa -OR_{6}, y R_{1} representa -CH_{2}OR_{6}, donde R_{6} es alquilo; o-CH_ {OR} {6} when G_ {2} represents -OR_ {6}, and R_ {1} represents -CH_ {OR} {6}, where R_ {6} is I rent; or
- d)d)
- -CH_{2}G_{1} cuando G_{2} y G_{1} tienen el mismo significado y R_{1} representa -CH_{2}G_{1}, teniendo G_{1} el mismo significado definido arriba-CH_ {2} G_ {1} when G_ {2} and G_ {1} have the same meaning and R_ {1} represents -CH_ {2} G_ {1}, having G_ {1} the same meaning defined above
- A^{-}A <->
- representa un anión con una o dos cargas negativas; erepresents an anion with one or two negative charges; and
- yY
- representa el número de contraaniones entre 1 y 16 necesario para que el compuesto sea neutro.represents the number of counter-anions between 1 and 16 necessary for the compound to be neutral.
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- G_{2} tiene el mismo significado que G_{1};G_ {2} has the same meaning as G_ {1};
- R_{1} y R_{2}, iguales entre sí, representan hidrógeno, -CH_{2}-G_{1} o un grupo -CH_{2}-OR_{6} donde R_{6} es un grupo alquilo; yR_ {1} and R2, equal to each other, represents hydrogen, -CH_ {2} -G_ {1} or a group -CH_ {2} -OR_ {6} where R_ {6} is a group I rent; Y
- G_{1} representa un heterociclo aromático, opcionalmente sustituido con un grupo alquilo.G_ {1} represents an aromatic heterocycle, optionally substituted with a alkyl group.
- [1][one]
- Tetrabromuro de 2,7,12,17-tetrakis(\alpha-piridinio-p-tolil) porficenoTetrabromide of 2,7,12,17-tetrakis (α-pyridinium- p- tolyl) porphene
- [2][2]
- Tribromuro 2,7,12-tris(\alpha-piridinio-p-tolil)-17-(p-(metoximetil)fenil) porficenoTribromide 2,7,12-tris (α-pyridinium- p- tolyl) -17- ( p - (methoxymethyl) phenyl) porphene
- [3][3]
- Dibromuro del 2,7-bis(\alpha-piridinio-p-tolil)-12,17-difenil porficeno.2,7-bis (α-pyridinium- p- tolyl) -12,17-diphenyl porphene dibromide.
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- (i)(i)
- desprotección del alcohol bencílico y tratamiento con un agente activante; ydeprotection of benzyl alcohol and treatment with an activating agent; Y
- (ii)(ii)
- tratamiento del compuesto obtenido en (i) con una amina terciaria de fórmula general NR_{3}R_{4}R_{5},treatment of the compound obtained in (i) with a tertiary amine of general formula NR 3 R 4 R 5,
- \quadquad
- donde R_{3}, R_{4} y R_{5} tienen el mismo significado definido en la reivindicación 1.where R 3, R 4 and R 5 have the same meaning defined in claim 1.
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| PCT/ES2011/070460 WO2012001194A1 (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2011-06-27 | Cation derivatives of 2,7,12,17-aryl porphycenes, preparation method thereof and use of same as photosensitisers in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy |
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| ES2146213T3 (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 2000-08-01 | Cytopharm Inc | PORFICENE COMPOUNDS FOR PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY. |
| ES2319008B1 (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2010-02-15 | Institut Quimic De Sarria Cets | USE OF PERFORMANCE DERIVATIVES IN PHOTODYNAMIC BIFOTONIC THERAPY. |
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| ES2146213T3 (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 2000-08-01 | Cytopharm Inc | PORFICENE COMPOUNDS FOR PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY. |
| ES2319008B1 (en) * | 2006-12-12 | 2010-02-15 | Institut Quimic De Sarria Cets | USE OF PERFORMANCE DERIVATIVES IN PHOTODYNAMIC BIFOTONIC THERAPY. |
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| D Sánchez-García et al, Organic Letters 2009, vol 11, número 1, pags 77-79. "One-pot synthesis of substituted 2,2¿-bipyrroles. A straightforward route to aryl porphycenes", página 78 esquema 1 y tabla 1 * |
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