ES2365400B1 - BIOCLIMATIC CONDITIONING SYSTEM BY VERTICAL LANDSCAPED STRUCTURES - Google Patents

Abstract

The object of the present invention is a bioclimatic conditioning system consisting of evaporative panels that allow the cooling of the air by adiabatic saturation with water and a vertical landscaped structure, which allows it to act as a scrubber biofilter of the air flow that it passes through. #It has its application in buildings and public spaces, in such a way that, in addition to ornamental and aesthetic benefits, it represents a significant saving in the energy costs of air conditioning and a purification of the necessary air in ventilation.

Description

energy efficiency of buildings, approval

Bioclimatic conditioning system using vertical landscaped structures. Object of the invention

The object of the present invention is a bioclimatic conditioning system consisting of evaporative panels that allow the cooling of the air by adiabatic saturation with water and in a vertical landscaped structure, which allows it to act as a scrubber biofilter of the flow of air through.

It has its application in buildings and public spaces, in such a way that, in addition to ornamental and aesthetic benefits, it represents a significant saving in the energy costs of air conditioning and a purification of the necessary air in ventilation. State of the art

On the one hand it is known the use of green walls or green walls also called vertical gardens with different functions and uses such as urban beautification, anti-noise or anti-glare screens, separation walls of roadways, palisade of works, safety barriers, etc. On the other hand, there are also evaporative air conditioning systems that allow the cooling of the air by adiabatic saturation with water, as well as washing, disinfection and purification of it but only with non-vegetated evaporative panels.

The present invention integrates the air conditioning capacity of the air into a vertical landscaped structure that acts as a heat and mass exchanger, decreasing the temperature and increasing the humidity and, in addition, thanks to the plant component, acts as a fl ow scrubber biofilter. of air that passes through it. This bioclimatic air conditioning is applicable to residential, service, industrial and public space buildings, both in existing assets and in the new plant. Therefore, the main function of the present invention is to provide the people who use them with a comfortable and healthy space, while maintaining adequate levels of temperature, humidity and air quality.

Studies published by the Institute for Energy Diversification and Saving (IDAE) belonging to the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Commerce, indicate that, in the Spanish State as a whole, the consumption of the residential and services sectors accounts for about 30% of the Total energy consumption in cities. This is due to the high energy consumption that the air conditioning equipment carries out to maintain an adequate level of comfort and indoor air quality. In another study presented by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the residential and services sector has the greatest potential to reduce energy consumption without reducing the level of comfort and well-being of people. The current high levels of energy consumption demanded by these sectors mean not only high costs and foreseeable depletion of energy sources, but also an important environmental cost on the planet, increasing greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere that contribute to global warming.

There are numerous recent regulations that regulate energy saving and efficiency in buildings, such as the Technical Code of the Building by Royal Decree 314/2006, of March 17, and the Regulation of Thermal Installations in Buildings (RITE) by the Royal Decree 1027/2007, of July 20, that seeks to make the degree of comfort compatible for the development of human activity and the consumption of adequate and sustainable energy, reducing the needs of the sector.

This invention is linked to a productive sector with a strong innovative and technological character, capable of generating new sources of wealth and jobs, such as architecture and sustainable construction, also called Sustainable Architecture, Green Architecture, Green Building, Eco- architecture and environmentally conscious architecture, understood as a way of conceiving the architectural design seeking to take advantage of natural resources in such a way that they minimize the environmental impact of the constructions on the natural environment and on the inhabitants.

There are many inventions that improve the bioclimatic conditions of buildings, such as cooling the incoming air naturally by conducting it through prefabricated structures in cold areas such as basement walls (U20060265) or using heat exchangers in the subsoil of the buildings (ES1046000U). All of them lack a means of heat and mass transfer that is covered with vegetation.

Regarding vertical landscaped structures, we can say that traditionally the technique used to cover the facades and walls with vegetation consists in planting climbing plants on the ground that colonize vertical surfaces naturally or aided by fixtures and building anchoring systems.

More recently, systems have been proposed that allow the growth of vegetation on facades and walls through a vertical hydroponic cultivation system. This system is based on the ability of many plants to develop epithelial growth. Plants develop on a layer of fi lter developing their roots on their surface. It requires a support structure and a system of irrigation and fertilization of continuous application collecting the water that drains into a reservoir in the lower part and by means of recirculation is applied in the upper part of the system (Blanc, 2008).

Other known systems for the realization of plant walls consist of metal containers filled with planting substrates in a prismatic way, also being juxtaposed and coupled to each other to constitute a wall or wall structure of variable dimensions. These need to be anchored in one of their faces to a supporting structure that is fixed to the facade or wall, leaving the opposite face exposed to the outside with an openings through which the vegetation comes out, as shown by way of example, in the patent EN 2317293 T3. In the same way, there are modular systems similar to the previous ones but that are self-supporting, that is to say they do not need an anchoring structure of the containers to the wall (ES 2300049 T3).

There are also vertical metal structures to build green walls or vertical gardens that support containers for plants or for flowers, such as for example pots (ES 1069555 U), or directly support the planting substrate with an essentially covering and ornamental function (US 4295296, ES 2101652 A1, JP2004076307, CN201053150 and CN2494856).

Other applications of vegetative or green walls,

o Vertical garden that have been found are the integrated acoustic screen systems that can be vegetarian, which acts as a noise barrier for road and rail traffic. (ES 2017052); also the containment and covering system of sloping soils including slopes, through a system of vegetation of fundamental application in public and civil works linked to roads, highways, railways, etc. (ES 2179710 A1); and the gray water regeneration device, for its reuse in buildings or installations of high water consumption, combining its use with a plant wall installation by means of superimposed and intercommunicated planters for the passage by gravity of the gray waters, which act as elements debugger (ES 1068225 U).

It should be noted the plant structure attached to exterior walls for cooling the air by passing it through the shaded area between it and the wall. This structure is composed at the base of containers planted with climbing vegetation that grows vertically by a structure attached to the wall (JP2008267684A). This device differs greatly from the present invention, since our invention employs a continuously hydrated, continuously hydrated, porous medium for cooling the air, where the root and aerial system of vegetation develops on its entire surface, by where the air is passed by cooling it through an evaporative cooling process in addition to producing its bio fi ltration.

Regarding evaporative cooling systems, they use water evaporation to produce a decrease in temperature and an increase in humidity.

The phase change from liquid to vapor requires energy that is extracted from the outside air, cooling it and increasing its moisture content. There is a change in sensible heat (temperature decrease) due to latent heat (increased vapor content in the humid air mixture). In thermodynamics the process is called adiabatic (dQ = 0) and the enthalpy remains practically constant.

Evaporative air conditioners were first patented in 1902 in U.S.A. by Willits H. Carrier, known since then as Evaporative Air Coolers, however the true development begins in the 1920s in Arizona and southern California, its mass production begins approximately in 1932, with the arrival of the electric motor (Watt and Brown, 1997).

At present there are several existing patents that present equipment and systems that act as evaporative coolers for buildings, industries and farms, but that do not employ a means of heat transfer and vegetated mass, which by way of example we can mention patents P0235809, ES 1054420 U, ES 1063883 U, ES 2255510 T3, ES 2262683 T3, ES 1028424 U.

The present invention offers a new application to vegetative or green walls, or vertical gardens, consisting of the bioclimatic conditioning of the air fl ow that crosses it through evaporative processes and biofiltration mechanisms that will be applied in buildings and in public spaces.

With this, we also get the ornamental and aesthetic benefits, an important saving in the energy costs of air conditioning and a purification of the necessary air in the ventilation. Description of the fi gures

In order to complete and complement the description of the present invention and to make its characteristics more understandable, the figures are attached which are illustrative and not limiting in the following.

Figure 1.-Perspective view partially disassembled, of the vertical landscaped structure (1) anchored to a facade (2, 8), with the vegetated modular porous panels (3), fixed to the metal structure (5) and the pipes ( 9) and fans (10) necessary to force the passage of air through them for bioclimatic conditioning; (14): traditional building air conditioning system.

Figure 2.- Section of the front detail view of the frame of modular porous panels vegetated with the bags or pockets (6) to house the vegetation, the emitting pipe (7) and vertical (11), pump (12) and reservoir ( 13) for irrigation and wetting of the substrate. Description of the invention

At the present time, of energy crisis and emphasis on values such as saving and energy efficiency, the main objective and need of companies and institutions is the reduction of the energy consumption of their properties and the improvement of efficiency in the consumption of your instalations. In this sense, the present invention covers the need for optimization in the energy consumption produced by the air conditioning and comfort installations of the buildings, and acts as biofiltration mechanisms of the air, using as vertical bioclimatic conditioning system, landscaped structures.

It is about integrating the air conditioning capacity of a vertical garden structure, also called a vegetative or green wall,

or vertical garden. This acts as a heat and mass exchanger by means of an evaporative process of adiabatic saturation, decreasing the temperature and increasing the humidity and, in addition, thanks to the plant component, it acts as a purifying bio fi lter of the air fl ow that crosses it. This bioclimatic air conditioning is applicable to residential buildings, services, industrial and public spaces, both in the existing heritage and in the new plant, and can be installed both inside and outside them. This results, in addition to the ornamental and aesthetic benefits, a significant saving in the energy costs of air conditioning and a purification of the necessary air in the ventilation, in addition to the intangible benefits of occupational well-being, environmental social responsibility.

The object of the invention is to optimize the energy consumption produced by the air conditioning and comfort facilities of the buildings and to act as an air purification bio fi lter, using vertical garden structures, also called vegetative or green walls, or vertical gardens.

The present invention employs as a support and development element of the root system of vegetation, and as a heat and mass exchanger by means of an evaporative process, of a vegetated modular porous panel (3) or pre-frozen, which allows the passage and contact between the air Water. Contact occurs between cross fl ow. The air moved naturally or by fans (9) crosses the evaporative panel horizontally and the water falls by gravity soaking the porous medium being applied by a emitting pipe (7) at the top. Depending on the degree of contact between water and air, it will roughly approximate the adiabatic saturation conditions.

The air, passing through the vegetated modular porous panel (3), evaporates the water that circulates by gravity, producing a decrease in temperature and an increase in humidity. The phase change from liquid to steam requires energy that is extracted from the intake air, cooling it and increasing its moisture content. There is a change in sensible heat (temperature decrease) due to latent heat (increased vapor content in the humid air mixture). In thermodynamics the process is called adiabatic (dQ = 0) and the enthalpy remains practically constant.

The vegetated modular porous panel (3) is mounted on a light rigid frame, using one or more layers of the substrate with high porosity, of an organic or inorganic nature, thus being able to anchor it vertically on the metal structure (5). Bags or pockets (6) of any material, sewn, glued, stapled or anchored to the porous substrate, where the plants will be placed and their root system will be developed, as well as space to house and hold the water emitting pipes

(7) used to moisten the substrate and provide water and nutrients to the vegetation.

The metal structure (5) will be self-supporting or anchored to the wall, facade or structure (8) of the building to be covered, being able to start from supports on the ground or be hanging in height. It will form a square or rectangular metallic grid where the vegetated modular porous panels can be fixed juxtaposed or coupled together to form a continuous vertical wall or garden.

For the circulation of the air through the vertical landscaped structure, ducts (9) of prismatic or circular section will be disposed inside the metal structure (5). The air circulation can be naturally, using the differences in pressure caused by the wind outside the buildings, or forced by fans

or extractors (10). Said pipes will have openings where the air will flow with sufficient flow and pressure to pass through the vegetated modular porous panels (3), occurring in its path, through an evaporative process of adiabatic saturation, cooling, humidi fi cation and, thanks to the capacity of fixation, of pollutants of the air of the vegetation, the bio fi ltration of the air.

For the humidification and irrigation of the vegetated modular porous panels, an irrigation and wet network will be assembled that comprises a good number of water-emitting pipes, by means of a hole or drippers, arranged horizontally, that at least one runs inside each one of the vegetated porous panels (3) that form the vertical garden. The irrigation network has at least one vertical pipe (11) that raises and supplies the water to the different horizontal emitter pipes (7), being necessary for this a pumping group (12) that supplies the necessary pressure and flow. The irrigation installation is completed with the implementation of fi ltration equipment, fertirrigation, valves and hydraulic accessories and irrigation programmer.

In the lower part of the vertical landscaped structure the leftover water from the irrigation is collected, which goes down through the vegetated porous panels (3) by gravity until it is collected in a reservoir (13). This water is recirculated by the pumping group (12) of the irrigation and wet network. The replenishment of the water in the reservoir must be constant due to the consumption of water due to the evapotranspiration of the vegetation and the evaporation of the water in the cooling and humidi fi cation of the air through the surface of vegetated porous panels.

The invention can be installed both inside and outside of buildings and public spaces, with artificial lighting systems being necessary if natural light is not enough for the good vegetative development of plants. They can also operate depending on or independently of the building's traditional air conditioning system (14), being able to condition and purify air from both the interior and exterior of the building (2) as well as the mixture of both. Embodiment of the invention

On the wall, facade or structure of the building

or public space (8) both indoors and outdoors, where you want to install the vertical landscaped structure for bioclimatic conditioning (1), a previous waterproofing is performed and the basic water supply, sanitation and electri fi cation facilities are executed .

If said vertical landscaped structure (1) starts from the wall floor, it will be built “in situ” or a water recirculation tank (13) will be placed for irrigation and wetting of the vegetated modular porous panels (3). On it and anchored to the floor and the wall, the metal structure (5) will be formed, forming a square or rectangular vertical grid. If the vertical landscaped structure does not start from the ground, the reticulated metal structure (5) anchored to the wall is placed first. In its lower part the deposit is fixed

(13)

of water recirculation.

Between the structure and the wall are installed ducts (9) and fans (10) responsible for generating the necessary air flow so that with sufficient flow and pressure, it passes through the vegetated modular porous panels (3) and is conducted through the ducts of the building (14). These ducts can be combined with those existing for the air conditioning of the building or be independent of them.

For the realization of the porous modular panels vegetated (3), or pre-frozen, a light rigid frame with metal or plastic profiles type plate or angular is prepared forming a square or rectangle. The frame is covered with one or more layers of porous substrate, of organic or inorganic nature, sewn, glued or stapled together and fixed thereon. The modular porous panel is completed by placing it on one of its faces, pockets or bags (6) that serve to house the root system of the plants and leaving a space at the top for the accommodation of the water emitting pipe (7) used to moisten the substrate and provide water and nutrients to the vegetation. The vegetated modular porous panels (3) shall be fixed juxtaposed or coupled to each other to constitute a continuous vertical wall or garden, on the metal structure and above the tank

(13) water recirculation.

Once the panels are fixed, the water emitting pipes (7) will be mounted first, horizontally on the top of the porous panels, and secondly the vertical pipes (11) that act as branch holders, as well as all the accessories , necessary hydraulic elements and devices that will form the irrigation and wetting network. The installation is completed by providing a pumping group (12) that will take water from the tank (13) and will raise it with sufficient flow and pressure to flow through the emitting pipes as well as the fi ltration system, fertigation, measurement, control and programming of the irrigation.

Once the perfect functioning of the irrigation system and the ventilation system is checked, the vegetation will be placed in the pockets or bags (6) arranged in the modular porous panels (3).

If these porous modular panels were pre-frozen, they would have to be placed at the same time as the irrigation system so that the water supply to the plants is never lacking.

Claims (11)

one.

Bioclimatic conditioning system using vertical landscaped structures characterized in that it consists of integrating a vertical landscaped structure, which allows it to act as a scrubber biofilter of the air flow through and a vegetated or pre-engineered modular porous panel (3), of an organic or inorganic nature, which allows air cooling by adiabatic saturation with water.

2.

Bioclimatic conditioning system by vertical landscaped structures, according to claim 1, characterized by using a metal structure (5) self-supporting or anchored to the wall, facade or structure (8) of the building to be covered, being able to start from supports on the ground or hanging in height, forming a square or rectangular metal grid where the porous support and exchange panel modules can be fixed juxtaposed or coupled together to form a continuous vertical wall or garden.

3.

Bioclimatic conditioning system using vertical landscaped structures according to previous claims, characterized by having bags or pockets (6) of any material, sewn, glued, stapled or anchored to the vegetated modular porous panel (3), where the root system of the vegetation, as well as space to house and support the water emitting pipes (7) used to moisten the porous panel and provide nutrient water to the vegetation.

Four.

Bioclimatic conditioning system using vertical landscaped structures according to previous claims, characterized in that the interior of the metal structure has ducts

(9) of circular or prismatic section through which the air will circulate naturally or forced through fans (10) having openings through which the air will exit with sufficient flow and pressure to pass through the wetted, modular, porous panels (3), producing in its path, through an evaporative process of adiabatic saturation, cooling, humidi fi cation and air purification.

5.

Bioclimatic conditioning system using vertical landscaped structures according to previous claims, characterized by having an irrigation and wet network comprising a good number of water-emitting pipes, by means of orifices or drippers, arranged horizontally and which, at least one runs in the inside each module of the porous support and exchange panel that forms the vertical garden.

6.

Bioclimatic conditioning system using vertical landscaped structures according to claim 5, characterized in that the irrigation network has at least one vertical pipe (11) that lifts and supplies the water to the different emitting pipes

(7) horizontal, being necessary for this a pumping group (12) that supplies the necessary pressure and flow.

7.

Bioclimatic conditioning system using vertical landscaped structures, according to previous claims, characterized by having a reservoir (13) in the lower part of the vertical garden that collects the leftover water from the irrigation, which goes down through the porous panel by gravity, being recirculated by means of the pumping group of the irrigation network and wet and constantly replenished in the tank.

8.

Bioclimatic conditioning system using vertical landscaped structures, according to previous claims, characterized by being installed both inside and outside the buildings (2) and public spaces, arti fi cial lighting systems being necessary if natural light were not sufficient for the Good vegetative development of plants.

9.

Bioclimatic conditioning system using vertical landscaped structures, according to previous claims, characterized by operating dependently or independently of the building's traditional air conditioning system (14).

10.

Bioclimatic conditioning system using vertical landscaped structures, according to previous claims, characterized by using air that will pass through the vegetated modular porous panel (3), coming from both inside and outside the building (2) as well as the mixture of both.

SPANISH OFFICE OF THE PATENTS AND BRAND Application no .: 201000397 SPAIN Date of submission of the application: 03.22.2010 Priority Date: REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE 51 Int. Cl.: A01G9 / 02 (2006.01) RELEVANT DOCUMENTS

Category

Documents cited Claims Affected

X

EN 235809 A1 (DIEGO SAN JUAN JOSE DE) 12/01/1957, page 1, line 1 - page 2, line 30; page 2, line 39 - page 4, line 95; figure. 1,7-10

TO

2.6

X

GB 2297087 A (FUJITA CORP) 07/24/1996, page 1, line 20-26; page 7, line 9 - page 8, line 9; page 9, line 20 - page 10, line 11; page 12, line 4-13; page 13, line 7-9; page 14, line 3 - page 16, line 4; page 19, line 18 -page 21, line 7; figures 1-13 1-10

X

EP 1500883 A2 (H&W BEWAESSERUNGS GMBH) 01/26/2005, paragraphs [1,6,10-13,18-21] claims 1,5,9 figures. 1.5-10

Y

3

Y

FR 2680626 A1 (LASSALE FRANCOIS) 03/05/1993, summary; figures. 3

TO

US 2003224507 A1 (DARLINGTON ALAN BLAKE) 04/12/2003, paragraphs [13,28-31,37,38,41,42] Figure 1, 1-10

TO

JP 2008267684 A (ALL BIOSYSTEM KK) 06.11.2008 & Summary of the EPODOC database. Recovered from EPOQUE; AN JP-2007110768-A one

Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application

This report has been prepared • for all claims • for claims no:

Date of realization of the report 20.07.2011

Examiner E. Carasatorre Rueda Page 1/5

SPANISH OFFICE OF THE PATENTS AND BRAND Application no .: 201000397 SPAIN Date of submission of the application: 03.22.2010 Priority Date: REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE 51 Int. Cl.: A01G9 / 02 (2006.01) RELEVANT DOCUMENTS

Category

Documents cited Claims Affected

TO

EN 2300049 T3 (CANEVAFLOR) 06/01/2008, page 4, line 24 -page 5, line 18; figures 1,2 2-5.8

Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application

This report has been prepared • for all claims • for claims no:

Date of realization of the report 20.07.2011

Examiner E. Carasatorre Rueda Page 2/5

REPORT OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE Application number: 201000397 Minimum documentation sought (classification system followed by classification symbols) A01G Electronic databases consulted during the search (name of the database and, if possible, terms of search used) INVENES, EPODOC State of the Art Report Page 3/5  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 201000397 Date of Written Opinion: 20.07.2011 Statement

Novelty (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986)

Claims Claims 1-10 IF NOT

Inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986)

Claims Claims 1-10 IF NOT

The application is considered to comply with the industrial application requirement. This requirement was evaluated during the formal and technical examination phase of the application (Article 31.2 Law 11/1986).  Opinion Base.- This opinion has been made on the basis of the patent application as published. State of the Art Report Page 4/5  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 201000397 1. Documents considered.- The documents belonging to the state of the art taken into consideration for the realization of this opinion are listed below.

Document

Publication or Identification Number publication date

D01

ES 235809 A1 (DIEGO SAN JUAN JOSE DE) 01.12.1957

D02

GB 2297087 A (FUJITA CORP) 24.07.1996

D03

EP 1500883 A2 (H & W BEWAESSERUNGS GMBH) 01/26/2005

D04

FR 2680626 A1 (LASSALE FRANCOIS) 05.03.1993

D05

US 2003224507 A1 (DARLINGTON ALAN BLAKE) 04.12.2003

D06

JP 2008267684 A (ALL BIOSYSTEM KK) 06.11.2008 & Summary of the EPODOC database. Recovered from EPOQUE; AN JP-2007110768-A

D07

ES 2300049 T3 (CANEVAFLOR) 01.06.2008

2. Statement motivated according to articles 29.6 and 29.7 of the Regulations for the execution of Law 11/1986, of March 20, on Patents on novelty and inventive activity; quotes and explanations in support of this statement The object of the invention, which is the subject of the report, claims in its main claim, an air conditioning system consisting of a vertical landscaped structure that acts as a filter, and a modular and vegetated porous panel that allows cooling of the air by adiabatic saturation. The patent consists of nine dependent claims in which the metal structure where the porous panels are anchored and the location in these latter of bags for the root system, the system of vertical and horizontal water supply pipes, and the conduits of water are determined. air supply, the pumping group and the waste water collection tank. The object of the last three claims lacks novelty and inventive activity since it is considered that the design features disclosed in them are mere particular executions obvious to an expert in the field. Of the documents compiled in the search report, only documents D01, D02, D03 and D04 will be referred to since, in view of the report on the state of the art, they affect the novelty and inventive activity of the invention. Document D01 claims a refrigeration system that passes an air stream through a vertical evaporator panel, formed by parallel sheets of wire mesh, on whose panel there is a filling of vegetable shavings, which acts as a filter, being subjected to a irrigation circuit driven by a pump, with recovery of drained water; All these technical characteristics are set out in the main patent, as their claims have been drafted. The same goes for document D02, which discloses an air purification and cooling system, similar to that of document D01, but more sophisticated, where the structure that supports the vegetated panels can adopt different configurations adaptable to both closed or open spaces, and comprising a horizontal, vertical water supply network, pumping system and recovery of excess water, although the stock of bags for the root system is not specified, this characteristic could be derived from the state of the art and would be one of many possibilities that could be taken into account. In addition and although in both documents the direction of air flow through the vegetated panel first, a person skilled in the art could consider this normal design option to solve the problem posed in the patent report. Document D03 discloses an indoor air conditioning system, by means of illuminated vegetative panels, which act as filters and are irrigated by water supply pipes by the action of a pump, whose excess liquid is collected by gravity in a tank; The system produces an evaporation of the water that generates a temperature drop and a humidity increase. Therefore the invention is not new. The vertical garden disclosed in document D04 and specifically the technical characteristic related to the location in receptacles of the root system, together with the technical characteristics set forth above referring to document D03 affects the inventive activity of the invention. In view of the state of the art and as the claims have been drafted, it is considered that the patent report is devoid of novelty and inventive activity (Article 6.1, 8.1 LP11 / 86). State of the Art Report Page 5/5