ES2212870B1 - STABILIZATION FOR THE CONSERVATION AND STORAGE IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE OF SKIN AND CONNECTIVE FISH FABRIC, AND AFTER PRODUCTION OF COLLAGEN AND / OR GELATINE. - Google Patents

Abstract

Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of skins and connective tissue of fish, and subsequent production of collagen and / or gelatin. The present invention concerns the conservation and storage at room temperature of skins and traces of connective tissue of fish. This material must be subjected to a stabilization process by means of physical-chemical modification of food grade. On the one hand, the use of various chemical agents that will keep said material, while maintaining high functionality. In addition, it will undergo one or more of the following conservation / storage methods. These methods include total or partial drying of the skin, pressing, sterilization / pasteurization, high pressures, smoking, irradiation, ultrasound. The joint action of these compounds and the physical treatment chosen entails a physical-chemical modification, which will increase the useful life of this material, remaining highly functional.

Description

Stabilization for conservation and storage at room temperature of skins and connective tissue of fish, and subsequent production of collagen and / or gelatin

Technical sector

Collagen manufacturing, gelatin manufacturing, food industry, medical-pharmaceutical, cosmetic or photographic, skin conservation, fishing, Fish conservation

The skins of marine animals and tissue remains connective, which constitute an industrial waste, can be used among others, as a source of collagen and / or gelatin, of interest in the food industry, medical-pharmaceutical, cosmetic or photographic. Dice that have always been considered as a waste, have not been raised methods of conservation or storage of skins and / or remains of connective tissue of this origin. The object of this patent is the physical-chemical modification of this material to preserve its quality and facilitate long-term storage, in  function of its ability to obtain high functional properties. The joint action of physicochemical methods reviewed will increase the life of these wastes and facilitate their transport and storage conditions.

State of the art

\hbox{- como}

en el caso del procesamiento en barco, pues es arrojado de nuevo al mar - o bien es utilizado para la fabricación de harinas, junto con vísceras y otros residuos del procesado del pescado - ofreciendo un bajo valor comercial -. Existen maneras poco frecuentes de aprovechamiento de las pieles de ciertas especies, como es el caso de fabricación de cueros. Hoy en día supone un producto muy escaso y su preparación es muy diferente a la que pudiera tener para fines alimenticios, de cosmética, médico-farmacéuticos y fotográficos, entre otros, tal y como queda reflejado en diversas patentes que utilizan pieles de pescado encaminadas a este fin (PR-RU19980118582 19981008, PR-RU19970112215 19970715, PR-SU19925060610 19920828, PR-EP19920108180 19920625, PR-ZA19870005673 19870731; EP19870830129 19870406; JP19870199674 19870810, PR-DE19853534353 19850926). Por último, y también poco frecuente, es la utilización de pieles de pescado para la fabricación de colágeno en un caso y gelatinas en otro. Ambos casos están referidos en respectivas patentes. Las patentes referentes a fabricación de colágeno, (PR-JP19980239584 19980811; DE19991034120 19990721 y PR-CN19910105119 19910725) se refieren a un método de fabricación de colágeno para la utilización en industria alimentaria (PR-JP19980239584 19980811; DE19991034120 19990721) y en ella, la piel hasta ser procesada es almacenada con sal en frío. Con fines médicos (PR-CN19910105119 19910725), la piel se lava con alcohol para mejorar y prolongar su acción terapéutica. En cuanto a las patentes referentes a la fabricación de gelatinas de uso alimentario a partir de pieles de pescado (PR-JP19970102529 19970404 y AP-JP19990367525 19991224), en la primera patente (PR-JP19970102529 19970404) no está enfocada a estabilizar las pieles, sólo se usan como materia prima para la fabricación de gelatina, y como parte del proceso de extracción de gelatina utilizan diversos agentes como etanol y enzimas del tipo lipasa para eliminar al menos parcialmente los olores y grasas. En la segunda (AP-JP19990367525 19991224), parten de pieles procedentes de pescados frescos crudos o bien de pescados congelados/descongelados, a partir de las cuales elaboran las gelatinas. Por tanto, no hacen mención a la conservación de pieles, sino al tipo de pescado de partida. Además las especies que utilizan son preferiblemente atún, pez gato y similares. Por tanto, en ambos tipos de patentes - tanto las de fabricación de colágeno como gelatinas - mencionan el uso de las pieles como materia prima para el proceso de fabricación que indican y sin un tratamiento(s) especial(es) que permitan ser estabilizadas y conservadas durante un periodo prolongado. El objetivo de la presente patente va dirigido precisamente a esto último, debido a la inestabilidad tan grande que tiene este material frente al deterioro, y a la ausencia de métodos de conservación y almacenamiento de pieles de pescado para este fin.The skins of marine animals and connective tissue remains constitute a residue of the fish industry, which is usually wasted

 \ hbox {- as} 

In the case of processing by boat, it is thrown back into the sea - or it is used for the manufacture of flours, together with viscera and other residues of fish processing - offering a low commercial value. There are infrequent ways of harnessing the skins of certain species, such as the manufacture of leather. Today it is a very scarce product and its preparation is very different from what it could have for food, cosmetic, medical-pharmaceutical and photographic purposes, among others, as reflected in various patents that use fish skins aimed at this end (PR-RU19980118582 19981008, PR-RU19970112215 19970715, PR-SU19925060610 19920828, PR-EP19920108180 19920625, PR-ZA19870005673 19870731; EP19870830129 19870406; JP19870199674 198-19353343 Finally, and also rarely, is the use of fish skins for the manufacture of collagen in one case and jellies in another. Both cases are referred to in respective patents. Patents relating to the manufacture of collagen, (PR-JP19980239584 19980811; DE19991034120 19990721 and PR-CN19910105119 19910725) refer to a method of manufacturing collagen for use in the food industry (PR-JP19980239584 19980811; DE19991034120 19990721 in it, 19990721) The skin until processed is stored with cold salt. For medical purposes (PR-CN19910105119 19910725), the skin is washed with alcohol to improve and prolong its therapeutic action. As for the patents related to the manufacture of gelatins for food use from fish skins (PR-JP19970102529 19970404 and AP-JP19990367525 19991224), in the first patent (PR-JP19970102529 19970404) it is not focused on stabilizing the skins, They are only used as raw material for the manufacture of gelatin, and as part of the gelatin extraction process they use various agents such as ethanol and lipase-like enzymes to at least partially eliminate odors and fats. In the second (AP-JP19990367525 19991224), they start from skins from fresh raw fish or from frozen / thawed fish, from which they make the jellies. Therefore, they do not mention the conservation of skins, but the type of fish of departure. In addition, the species they use are preferably tuna, catfish and the like. Therefore, in both types of patents - both those for manufacturing collagen and gelatins - they mention the use of skins as raw material for the manufacturing process they indicate and without a special treatment (s) that allow them to be stabilized and preserved for a prolonged period. The objective of the present patent is directed precisely to the latter, due to the instability so great that this material has against deterioration, and the absence of methods of conservation and storage of fish skins for this purpose.

The skins and connective tissue remains of fish, due to the diversity of species from which they can proceed and the treatments they have suffered as part of the fish processing, present a great variety of characteristics as raw material. These properties must be maintain them or even improve them so that they have a good quality functional, and preserve adequate technological aptitude for purposes for which they are intended, such as obtaining collagen and / or gelatin.

Since they have always been considered as a waste, no conservation methods have been raised or storage of skins and / or remains of connective tissue. The novelty of this patent is the modification Physical-chemical skin and connective tissue of fish, for stabilization, keeping its functionality high over a long period of storage.

The low use of fish skins for this end, as mentioned, is fresh, without treatments previous. The problem not solved so far is the deterioration fast and obvious, and the loss of functional quality of matter premium, which largely causes a limited use of this material.

As an example, the salting method, dehydration and pressing, offers as advantages, in addition to maintaining high functionality, prolong the life of the skin, and facilitate transport and storage, as it reduces significantly the weight and volume of occupation, in addition to cost. Considering that much of the skins are produced On the high seas, this is an important benefit. On the other hand, nor can the considerable benefit be overlooked from a point of environmental view, for the disposal of waste from fishing industries Therefore, it is obvious the interest of raising the commercial value of an environmental pollutant, for purposes food, cosmetics, medical-pharmacological and / or Photographic

Description of the invention 1.1. Brief Description of the Invention

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cual se han obtenido en el procesado

\hbox{industrial -.}

Este material se ha de someter a un proceso de estabilización mediante modificación físico-química. Por un lado, el uso de diversos agentes químicos que hará que se conserve dicho material, manteniendo a la vez una alta funcionalidad. Entre los agentes químicos cabe destacar alguno o varios de los siguientes compuestos: sales, azucares, hidrocoloides, alcoholes, agentes inductores de enlaces covalentes (como cisteína), inhibidores de proteasas, inhibidores microbianos, fungicidas, etc. Además se someterá a alguno o varios de los siguientes métodos físicos de conservación/almacenamiento. Entre estos métodos están comprendidos la desecación total o parcial de la piel, prensado, esterilización/pasteurización, altas presiones, ahumado, irradiación, ultrasonidos excluyendo la congelación a diferentes temperaturas. La acción conjunta de estos compuestos y el tratamiento físico escogido conlleva una modificación físico-química de grado alimentario, que incrementará la vida útil de este material, permaneciendo altamente funcional.The present invention concerns the stabilization and storage of skins and traces of fish connective tissue. These wastes may be clean - that is, they have undergone some more or less shallow washing process - or dirty.

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which have been obtained in the processing

 \ hbox {industrial -.} 

This material must be subjected to a stabilization process by physical-chemical modification. On the one hand, the use of various chemical agents that will keep said material, while maintaining high functionality. Among the chemical agents, one or more of the following compounds can be highlighted: salts, sugars, hydrocolloids, alcohols, covalent bond inducing agents (such as cysteine), protease inhibitors, microbial inhibitors, fungicides, etc. In addition, it will undergo one or more of the following physical conservation / storage methods. These methods include total or partial drying of the skin, pressing, sterilization / pasteurization, high pressure, smoking, irradiation, ultrasound excluding freezing at different temperatures. The joint action of these compounds and the physical treatment chosen entails a physical-chemical modification of food grade, which will increase the life of this material, remaining highly functional.

1.2. Detailed description of the invention

Modification is the subject of the invention. physico-chemistry of skin and tissue remains connective to stabilize and preserve its quality in the long term, in function of your ability to get collagen / gelatin for example with high functional properties, for food purposes, cosmetics, medical-pharmacological and / or Photographic

These skins and connective tissue remains can come from many different sources, as many as marine species and processes that the fish could have before separating. Depending on both factors, it will have its own characteristics that will make it more suitable as a raw material for a future product or another. In turn depending on these factors the stabilization and storage will consist of one or more of the processes physicochemicals described below. In First, the addition of chemical compounds should be considered, especially the addition of common salt. The addition of salts alternative to the use of sodium chloride, by example potassium, calcium, magnesium chloride, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, etc ... (any type of salt). I also know can add antimicrobial agents, inhibitors of proteases, covalent bond inducing agents (such as cysteine, potassium bromide, transglutaminase), and bleaching agents (such as titanium dioxide), which stabilize this material from these points of view. Other chemical additives to use are different types of alcohols (ethanol, sorbitol, glycerol ...), and sugars / polysaccharides (such as sucrose, maltodextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose, guar) which also contribute to facilitate the drying of the skin, reducing water activity, so which would also act from an antimicrobial point of view, antioxidant, etc. (paralyzing chemical reactions in greater or lesser extent depending on the remaining water activity). Be they can apply each of these compounds separately, or two, or More than two through different combinations. Subsequently undergo one or more of the following physical treatments that have never been used to preserve skins or remains of connective tissue. These methods include the total or partial drying - either in air or vacuum, or by atomization or lyophilization -, pressing, sterilization / pasteurization, high pressures, smoked, irradiation, ultrasound but not freezing that does not reduce the water activity but reduces chemical reactivity by reducing the temperature. The joint action of the methods Physical-chemical reviews will increase the shelf life of these wastes and will facilitate transport conditions and storage of them. The amounts or doses of chemical components added or the intensity / duration of applied physical treatments will not be limiting, and only will depend on the number of simultaneous modifications that are carried finished.

The intervention of all or only some of these physicochemical modifications will vary depending on of the conditions and characteristics of the starting product. It will also depend on the characteristics you wish to obtain depending on the final destination of this material.

Example of embodiment of the invention

Dirty hake skins. 200 ppm of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 15% NaCl, 5% pyrophosphate sodium, 2% benzoic acid. Shallow treatment is applied with ultrasound, and it is pressed overnight at 5 ° C. A 3% sucrose Dry at 30 ° C in a convection oven for 4 days. The skins so treated are stored stacked at temperature environment for a long period.

Claims (15)

1. Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of fish skins and connective tissue, for later use in the production of collagen and / or gelatin characterized by the use of chemicals that use food grade chemicals that can be followed by physical methods that reduce the activity of water and that paralyze the chemical reactions for the functional stabilization of the collagenous material for the production of collagen and / or gelatin, especially skins and enzymes and against microorganisms. 2. Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of fish skins and connective tissue, for later use in the production of collagen and / or gelatin, according to claim 1, characterized in that the chemical method consists in subjecting salting with a solution or in the form of "dry" salt. This salt may consist of one or more salts, whether they are common salt (NaCl) and / or any other salt. 3. Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of fish skins and connective tissue, for later use in the production of collagen and / or gelatin, according to claim 1 characterized in that the chemical method consists in adding any type of compound that have antimicrobial and / or fungicidal function. 4. Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of fish skin and connective tissue, for later use in the production of collagen and / or gelatin, according to claim 1 characterized in that the chemical method consists of adding protease inhibitors. 5. Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of fish skins and connective tissue, for later use in the production of collagen and / or gelatin, according to claim 1 characterized in that the chemical method consists of adding inducing compounds of covalent bonds , such as cysteine, potassium bromide, transglutaminase. 6. Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of fish skin and connective tissue, for later use in the production of collagen and / or gelatin, according to claim 1 characterized in that the chemical method consists of adding bleaching agents, such as example titanium dioxide. 7. Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of fish skin and connective tissue, for later use in the production of collagen and / or gelatin, according to claim 1 characterized in that the chemical method consists of adding alcohols, such as for example ethanol, sorbitol, glycerol. 8. Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of fish skins and connective tissue, for later use in the production of collagen and / or gelatin, according to claim 1 characterized in that the chemical method consists of adding sugars / polysaccharides, such as for example sucrose, maltodextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose, guar. 9. Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of fish skins and connective tissue, for later use in the production of collagen and / or gelatin, according to claim 1 characterized in that the physical method consists in subjecting to a drying treatment total or partial at any temperature, such as in air, under vacuum, or by atomization, lyophilization. 10. Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of fish skins and connective tissue, for later use in the production of collagen and / or gelatin, according to claim 1 characterized in that the physical method consists in subjecting to a pressing treatment . 11. Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of fish skin and connective tissue, for later use in the production of collagen and / or gelatin, according to claim 1 characterized in that the physical method consists in subjecting a treatment of a sterilization / pasteurization. 12. Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of fish skins and connective tissue, for later use in the production of collagen and / or gelatin, according to claim 1 characterized in that the physical method consists in subjecting a high treatment Pressure. 13. Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of fish skins and connective tissue, for later use in the production of collagen and / or gelatin, according to claim 1 characterized in that the physical method consists in subjecting to a smoking treatment . 14. Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of fish skins and connective tissue, for later use in the production of collagen and / or gelatin, according to claim 1 characterized in that the physical method consists in subjecting to an irradiation treatment . 15. Stabilization for the conservation and storage at room temperature of fish skins and connective tissue, for later use in the production of collagen and / or gelatin, according to claim 1 characterized in that the physical method consists in subjecting to an ultrasound treatment .