ES2206484T3 - A BLOCK MANUFACTURING MACHINE. - Google Patents

Abstract

A block-making machine (1) which is distinguished by notably economical operation, both in terms of energy consumption and in terms of the duration of the production cycle of artificial concrete blocks (C), and at the same time maintains a high level of quality of the blocks (C) produced, comprises a vibrator plate (18) and at least one vibration generator (21) connected to the vibrator plate (18) and having a rotating eccentric element (37) which comprises a first mass (39) rotating on an axis (A), a second mass rotating on the axis (A), and means (47, 52, 57) for varying the relative angular positions of the first and second masses (39, 42). <IMAGE>

Description

A block making machine.

The present invention relates, in general, to a block making machine for the manufacture of artificial concrete blocks.

In particular, it refers to a machine block manufacturing comprising a vibrator plate, when minus a vibration generator connected to the vibrator plate and comprising an eccentric element of rotation, and means actuators to rotate the eccentric element.

As is known, a manufacturing machine for blocks generally comprises a shape that is divided into molds and is filled with a wet mix of concrete, aggregate and others inert materials, and that is fixed to the vibrator plate and subjected to vibration to compact the mixture.

The mixture is then put under pressure by means of a press and, at the same time, undergoes such vibrations as to compress the mixture to form compact blocks that, After proper curing, they can be used as building construction, for example solid blocks or perforated, hollow building tiles, curb stones or pavement.

The vibration is usually imparted by one or more vibration generators that are generally rotated by one or more electric motors arranged in parallel.

A requirement generally recognized in the field of block making machines, in order to get an ideal compression of the blocks, is to control the parameters of the imparted vibration, that is, its intensity and frequency.

At the same time, it is necessary to eliminate the vibration during the stage in which the concrete blocks are withdraw from the form and during the stage in which the press is lowered in the form molds.

These requirements are of fundamental importance since the homogeneity of the product, its surface finish and their mechanical resistance depend directly on these parameters

For this reason, the known machines of block manufacturing have powered vibration generators by asynchronous electric motors that transmit rotation to through mechanical speed variators.

For each block production cycle, the engines stop and restart twice using the interruption of your electricity supply.

It is known that mechanical variators of speed do not have good mechanical performance and are components delicate that are damaged in particular by operating in atmospheres rich in dust and other contaminants.

It is also known that the operation of a Asynchronous electric motor with a large number of stops and starts It implies a very large loss of energy.

In addition, block making machines they have a particularly heavy structure to prevent the electric motor imparts frequencies corresponding to the natural frequencies of the manufacturing machine structure of blocks during startup, with a consequent risk of damage structural.

To overcome the above disadvantages, they have been proposed block making machines that have motors without DC brushes electronically powered with a variable voltage

In order to counteract the vibration of compaction during scheduled stops, these machines block manufacturing also comprise at least four vibration generators that can work so that it counter each other.

However, this operating scheme has the disadvantage of causing efforts in transmission along the entire operating cycle and of requiring an absorption of current equal to maximum.

The block making machines of this design are also extremely complex and difficult to handle and control, especially by non-particularly skilled personnel With electronic components.

Also, in addition to being sensitive to functioning in a dusty atmosphere, the components of above-mentioned block making machines are also quite expensive

EP 0353661A2 and EP 0600526A1 disclose a cement block molding machine according to the preamble of claim 1, comprising means relatively complex to control the parameters of the vibration imparted to the mixture.

The technical problem on which the The present invention consists in devising a machine for manufacturing blocks that have structural and functional characteristics that can prevent the problems mentioned with reference to the prior art

This problem is solved by a machine block manufacturing according to claim 1.

The main advantage of the manufacturing machine of blocks according to the invention resides in the fact that distinguished by a remarkably economic operation, both in terms of energy consumption as in terms of the duration of the block production cycle, while maintaining a High level of quality of the blocks produced.

Additional features and advantages of the block making machine according to the invention will be clear from the detailed description of a referred embodiment of it, given by way of non-limiting example with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view, partially in section, of a block making machine according to the invention,

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the block making machine of figure 1,

Figure 3 is a partial longitudinal section of the block making machine of figure 1 in a different operating condition,

Figure 4 is a perspective view, partially in cut of a detail of the manufacturing machine of blocks of figure 1,

Figure 5 is a cross section of two of the details of figure 4, as provided in the machine block manufacturing of figure 1,

Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of the detail of figure 4,

Figure 7 is a perspective view of a detail element of figure 4, in longitudinal section, and

Figure 8 is a perspective view of the element of figure 7.

In the drawings, with particular reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3, it is generally indicated as 1 a machine block manufacturing according to the invention.

It comprises an outer frame 2, substantially parallelepiped, formed by beams 3 and defining a load side 4 and a discharge side 5.

On the loading side 4, the machine 1 of block manufacturing comprises a first conveyor 6 that feed the block making machine 1 with supports 8 in table shape, preferably wood.

On the loading side 4, the machine 1 of block manufacturing also comprises a 2 'inner frame supported by a plurality of height lifting uprights 10 variable.

The inner frame 2 'supports a surface 9 of support on which a feeding box 11 is arranged with an open bottom 11 '.

The power box 11 is connected to the 2 'inner frame by means of a first articulated system 12 supported by the inner frame 2 'and comprising a first cylinder and piston actuator 13, a first lever 14a actuated by actuator 13, and a second lever 14b connected so rotating to the first lever 14 and to the box 11 in order to move this last.

Above the power box 1 and the Support surface 9, block making machine 1 it comprises a hopper 16 which is intended to fill the box 11 of feed with a mixture based on semi-dry concrete and is closed at the bottom by a shutter 17 (figure 2).

On the discharge side 5, the machine 1 of block manufacturing comprises a vibrator plate 18 that is enclosed by outer frame 2 adjacent to the surface 9 support and is supported by a plurality of elements elastic, for example rubber, connected in turn to bases 20 of considerable mass fixed to the outer frame 2.

The block making machine 1 comprises a shape 70 (figure 1) connected to the vibrator plate 18 and divided by a plurality of partitions 15 'into molds 15 for artificial concrete blocks, indicated as C.

The first conveyor 6 is placed by under the support surface 9 and feed the plate 18 of vibrator with the wooden supports 8 that are inserted between the vibrator plate 18 and form 70, which constitute the bottom of this last.

Next to the vibrator plate 18, the machine 1 block manufacturing comprises jaws 22 driven pneumatically to interlock the vibrator plate 18, the support 8 of wood and form 70 together.

Below the vibrator plate, machine 1 block manufacturing comprises a pair of generators 21 of vibration (figure 5) that are mechanically connected to the plate 18 of vibrator and are described in detail, along with its operation later.

Above the vibrator plate 18, the machine 1 of block manufacturing comprises a press 23 (figure 3 ).

Press 23 comprises a plurality of seconds uprights 24 that are arranged next to the vibrator plate 18 and along which a pressure element 25, which carries in its bottom a plurality of combs for insertion in the corresponding molds 15 of form 70, is free to slide vertically

Press 23 is operated for a second. articulated system 26 comprising a second actuator 27, by example a hydraulic actuator.

Downstream of the vibrator plate 18, the block making machine 1 comprises a second conveyor 28 to send the artificial blocks C arranged on the wooden supports 8 (figure 1).

The block making machine 1 comprises actuator means 30 which, in this preferred embodiment, are a asynchronous electric motor kept continuously in rotation and powered by a conventional electronic drive network frequency, not shown.

The electric motor 30 is connected to a unit 31 of inversion by means of a 31 'belt transmission.

The investment unit 31 rotates a pair of trees 32 of counter rotation at the same angular velocity.

Each tree 32 comprises, at its ends, together universal 34 which, together with tree 32, constitute a connection Universal double connecting the electric motor 30 to each generator 21 of vibration by means of the inversion unit 31, in order of transmitting the rotation.

One of two vibration generators 21, structurally identical, (figures 4 and 6) will be described later.

The vibration generator 21 comprises a frame cylindrical 35 at one end of which a bushing 36 is applied connected to one of the joints 34 of the corresponding tree 32.

The frame 35 is connected, at its ends, to the vibrator plate 18 superimposed by through holes 29 in those that are applied conventional bolts.

The vibration generator 21 also comprises, inside the frame 35 and connected to the bushing 36, an element eccentric 37 of rotation having a predetermined overall mass and an eccentricity that is defined as the distance between its axis of rotation, indicated as A (figure 6), and its global center of masses, and that is proportional to a generated and transmitted vibration to vibrator plate 18.

The two vibration generators 21 work in phase synchronization and counter rotation, that is, rotations imparted to the respective eccentric elements 37 by the respective trees 32 take place in opposite directions.

The axes of rotation A of the two generators 21 they are parallel to each other and to the vibrator plate 18 so that the components of the efforts caused by each of the two eccentric elements and not directed vertically in relation to The vibrator plate counter each other.

The vibrator plate 18 is therefore distinguished by a jerky vertical movement during the stages in the that a vibration is imparted to it.

The eccentric element 37 is supported on the frame 35 by main bearings 38 at its ends, determining the positions of the bearings the position of the A axis defined above.

The eccentric element 37 comprises a first eccentric mass 39 that rotates on the A axis. In fact, the gasket defined by the shaft 32 and by the joints 34 connects the first mass 39 and actuator means 30 by means of bushing 36 and the investment unit 32.

The first mass 39 is constituted by a tubular segment 40 having a longitudinal open side 41 and a inner wall 40 '.

The first mass thus has a constant eccentricity with respect to the A axis during its rotation.

The eccentric element 37 also has a second eccentric mass 42 (figure 8) which, as will become clearer to from what follows, it is mechanically fixed to the first mass 39 by which it is rotated on the same axis A. The second mass 42 It is housed within the tubular segment 40.

The overall eccentricity of the eccentric element 37 depends on angular offset between eccentric masses first and second 39 and 42.

The second mass 42 is constituted by a tree semi-cylindrical having a coaxial cylindrical through cavity 43 with slits 44 on its inner walls (figure 7), parallel to the A axis.

The second mass 42 is supported by its ends by secondary bearings 45 connected to the wall inside 40 'of tubular segment 40 and also has a constant eccentricity with respect to the A axis.

A first portion 46 of a guide tree 47 it is housed inside cavity 43, for the entire length of it, and has stretch marks 48 that are applied for a free axial slide in slits 44 to constitute a coupling prismatic.

At the opposite end of the bushing 36, the element eccentric 37 has a hole 49 through which a second portion 50 of guide tree 47.

The second portion 50 has helical grooves external 51 and is applied in a bushing 52 of the element eccentric 37 having internal helical grooves 53 that correspond to the external helical grooves 51 of the second portion 50 of guide tree 47.

As a result of the application between stretch marks helical 51, 53 bushing 52, which is connected mechanically to the eccentric element 37, rotates the guide shaft 47 and this in turn rotates the second mass 42 which is fixed to the first mass 39.

The guide shaft 47 (figure 7) has one end free 54 in the first portion 46 of the inside of the cavity through 43 of the second mass 42 and an additional end with a articulated joint 55 connected to an axial actuator rod 56.

The stem 56 is connected to a third actuator 57, for example an oleodynamic actuator, by means of which can move the guide shaft 47 axially.

The third actuator 57, the guide shaft 47 and the bushing 52 constitute means to vary the runout angular between the first mass 39 and the second mass 42.

In fact, the translation of the guide tree 47 inside the bush 52 by means of the third actuator 57 causes a rotation of the guide shaft 47 under the stretch marks helical 51, 53 of bushing 52 and second portion 50 of guide tree 47.

The rotation of the guide tree 47 causes the second mass 42 turn on the secondary bearings 45 relative to the first mass 39 and the angular offset varies between rotation vectors that define the eccentricities of the masses 39, 42, thus varying the overall eccentricity of the element eccentric 37.

The eccentric element 37 also has means 58 to stop the rotation of the second mass 42 relative to the first mass 39 (figures 7 and 8).

The detention means 58 includes a pair of pins 59 fixed to the tubular segment 40, which project in its inside, and applied in respective circumferential grooves 60 of the detention means 58 formed in the second mass 42

The circumferential grooves 60 in the mass second semi-cylindrical 42 are arranged in such a way that their center of gravity falls in a straight line that results from the intersection of two planes perpendicular to the plane that cuts the second mass 42, including one of them the axis of rotation A and the other being perpendicular and being arranged at the midpoint geometric cylinder that defines the second mass 42.

The means 58 for stopping the rotation determine a position in which the global eccentricity is zero and another position in which the eccentricity is limited to a value maximum established in the design stage.

In the currently preferred version of the machine 1 of block manufacturing according to the invention, the maximum angular offset of the second mass 42 in relation to The first mass 39 is 90º.

This value makes use of angular offset between the first and second masses 39 and 42 within an interval in that the relationship between eccentricity and angular offset is almost linear, while using more than 70% of the possible variation in eccentricity.

The operation of manufacturing machine 1 of blocks according to the invention will be described later With reference to the drawings.

The block making machine 1 is fed continuously, by means of the first conveyor 6, with 8 wooden boards that are placed one by one on the plate 18 of vibrator on which form 70 is arranged.

When the shutter 17 opens, the hopper 16 fills the feed box 11 until it is completely full, while vibration generators 21 impart no vibration to vibrator plate 18 although they remain in rotation, as will be clearer from what follows.

At this stage, the open base 11 'of box 11 it is closed since it rests on surface 9 of support for.

After completing the filling, box 11 of food moves along a path that it comprises a horizontal portion from the support surface 9, by action of the first articulated system 12, so that it rests on form 70 (figure 3).

In relation to this, in order to adapt the block making machine 1 to various types of shape for C block production of different dimensions, the height of the support surface 9 and the entire inner frame 2 'fits by action of the uprights 10.

Once the progress of box 11 is completed, the open base 11 'is then above form 70 and the molds 15 of the form are thus filled while the vibration generators 21 impart a vibration of a intensity and frequency suitable for the type of form 70.

Form 70 and its contents are submitted to this first stage of vibration in order to make filling uniform of each mold 15. This stage will have a variable duration of the order 4-5 seconds, depending on the type of mold used.

After completing this first stage the vibration of the vibrator plate is counteracted and the box 11 returns to its position below hopper 16 while element 25 of press pressure 23 moves down on form 70 by middle of the second articulated system 26 (figure 2).

The mixture in the molds 15 is thus subjected to compression by means of the combs of the element 25 of Pressure.

Simultaneously to compression, form 70 is undergoes a second stage of vibration through the generators 21 of vibration, with different intensity parameters and frequency.

The combined effect compacts the C blocks in their support 8.

After completing the second stage, which is also of variable duration and depends on the type of C blocks produced and of the type of mixture used, form 70 rises vertically, leaving board 8 and blocks C on plate 18 of vibrator that is now stationary and from which the board 8 on the second conveyor 28.

The pressure element is held in position lowering to ensure the separation of the C blocks and the shape 70.

During the various stages of the cycle of block C manufacturing, electric motors take various angular speeds selected based on the type of block C that It has to be produced.

In addition, the intensity of the vibration imparted to the vibrator plate 18, which depends on the overall eccentricity of the eccentric element 37, is adjusted by means of the third actuator 57, according to the mixture used and the type of block C to be manufactured.

During the filling of form 70 and during lowering of the pressure element 25 of the press 23, the vibration is counteracts simply by bringing the second mass 42 to its limit of travel in relation to the first mass 39, closing the side open 41 of tubular segment 40. In this configuration, the global eccentricity of element 37 is zero.

It is also possible to provide a system automatic control that can automatically detect any of the operating parameters of the manufacturing machine 1 of blocks according to the invention and accordingly vary the intensity and duration of the vibrations imparted in the first and / or second stages.

With the use of this system, it is easy to optimize the entire production cycle, achieving considerable savings in terms of energy and time.

In particular, the fact that the supply to electric motors do not have to be interrupted allows be used more economically and extend your life, allowing use is made of the electric motor steering wheel that in this way Get maximum power in the minimum time.

In addition to the advantages mentioned above, The block making machine according to the invention is structurally simple, getting machine optimization more expensive through simple mechanical measurements.

In addition, the weight of the manufacturing machine of blocks can also be reduced, due to the removal to the repeated stop and start of electric motors.

In addition, the block making machine It has improved qualitative performance and requires less Maintenance and a smaller number of staff.

In order to meet requirements and particular contingencies, one skilled in the art can apply Many variations to the block making machine described previously, all of which are, however, within the scope of protection of the invention as defined in the following claims.

Claims (9)

1. A block making machine (1) comprising a vibrator plate (18), at least one vibration generator (21) connected to the vibrator plate (18) and comprising an eccentric rotating element (37) , and actuator means (30) for rotating the eccentric element (37), wherein the eccentric element (37) comprises a first eccentric mass (39) which rotates on an axis (A) and a second eccentric mass (42) which rotates on the axis (A), the eccentric element (37) having a global eccentricity that depends on an angular offset between the first and second masses (39, 42), and means (47, 52, 57) to vary the angular offset between the first and second masses (39, 42), whereby the first mass (39) is constituted by a tubular segment (40), characterized in that: to. The tubular segment (40) has an open side longitudinal (41) resulting from the intersection of the segment tubular (40) and a plane parallel to the axis (A), and the second mass (42) is housed within the tubular segment (40) and is constituted by a semi-cylindrical tree supported by its ends by bearings (45), the tubular segment (40) having an inner wall (40 ') to which the bearings (45) are connected, and b. The semi-cylindrical tree (42) has a cavity cylindrical (43) parallel to the axis (A) and comprising grooves (44) parallel to the axis (A) in its interior walls, being housed a first portion (46) of a guide shaft (47) inside the cavity cylindrical (43) along the entire length of it and having projections (48) corresponding to the grooves (44) in which are applied, the eccentric element (37) having a hole (49) through which a second portion (50) of the guide tree (47), the second portion having 50 stretch marks external helicals (51) and being applied in a bushing (52) of the eccentric element (37) having helical striations internal (53) corresponding to the external helical stretch marks (51) of the second portion (50) of the guide shaft (47), being the bushing (52) connected mechanically to the first ground (39) of the eccentric element (37). 2. A block making machine (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first mass (39) it has a constant eccentricity with respect to the A axis during its rotation. 3. One block making machine (1) according to claim 1, wherein the second mass (42) it has a constant eccentricity with respect to the axis (A) during its rotation 4. A block making machine (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, which comprises a joint (32, 34) that connects the actuator means (30) to the first mass (39) of the eccentric element (37) of rotation, the second mass (42) being mechanically fixed to the first mass (39) by which it is rotated. 5. One block making machine (1) according to claim 1, wherein the guide shaft (47) it has a free end (54) in the first portion (46) in the interior of the through cavity (43) and an additional end with a articulated joint (55) connected to an axial drive shaft (56) which is in turn connected to an actuator (57) by means of which can axially move the guide shaft (47), constituting the actuator (57), guide shaft (47) and bushing (52) means to vary the angular offset between the first mass (39) and the second mass (42). 6. One block making machine (1) according to claim 1, wherein the eccentric element (37) also has means (58) to stop the rotation of the second mass (42) in relation to the first mass (39). 7. A block making machine (1) according to claim 6, wherein the means (58) of detention comprises a pair of pins (59) fixed to the segment tubular (40), which are projected inside and applied in circumferential grooves (60) of the stopping means (58) formed in the second mass (42), determining the means (58) of rotation stop a position in which the eccentricity global is zero and another position in which the eccentricity is limited to a maximum value established in the design stage. 8. One block making machine (1) according to claim 7, wherein the runout angular between the first and second masses (39, 42) is limited to 90º. 9. One block making machine (1) according to claim 1, wherein the actuator means (30) comprise an asynchronous electric motor powered by alternating current of variable frequency