ES2284299B1 - LUCERNARIO DIFUSOR. - Google Patents

Abstract

Diffuser skylight.

Of those used on building decks and intended to allow the passage of outside ambient light to naturally illuminate the cabin under it, is basically constituted by a perimeter frame (1) that, with the collaboration of two plates of a transparent nature or translucent (2-3), set up a waterproof camera (4) in which a transparent or translucent fluid is housed, which  acts as a diffuser, and that this effect is enhanced by the existence within said chamber of a series of corpuscles (7), of small dimensions, than with a nature also transparent or translucent, but that can even be opaque, they collaborate with the fluid itself in light diffusion. From this way it is achieved that solar radiation (5), with regardless of the angle at which the skylight attacks, instead of being transmitted directly and focused on an area concrete of the cabin, suffer a high degree of diffusion and convert within said cabin into a zenithal radiation (6), diffuse and homogeneous.

Description

Diffuser skylight.

Object of the invention

The present invention relates to a skylight, of those used on building decks and intended to allow passage through ambient light exterior to naturally illuminate the cabin it covers.

The object of the invention is to achieve a skylight with a diffusing effect, so that whatever the inclination with which the solar radiation strikes it, the light is distributed homogeneously inside such a cabin, improving the environmental conditions of the same, from the point of view of lighting, so that the skylight is especially suitable to be used on work areas where proper lighting is essential or adequate for the development of the
same.

It is also the object of the invention to achieve a skylight that acts as a thermal barrier, absorbing heat generated by solar radiation, well to prevent such heat arrive inside the cabin in times and / or hot areas, or to arrive in the form of heating, for example based on a water circuit with radiators, allowing in the first case transform the heat extracted by the skylight into any type of usable energy.

Background of the invention

It is relatively frequent that domes of buildings are equipped with an overhead skylight for lighting natural space or cabin defined by said dome.

There are normally buildings provided with flat roofs, in which the same objectives are established equally skylights that can affect more or less to the surface of the roof.

These skylights usually materialize on a transparent or colored glass plate, which can be single or modular, in the latter case with a structure reticular support, depending on the size of the skylight.

In accordance with the above and when under the skylights, for example, work, solar radiation directly accesses the interior of the cabin, so that intense lighting zones are produced and shaded areas, that is to say that interior lighting lacks complete homogeneity, making working conditions leave much to be desired from this point of view.

On the other hand, these skylights generate in the inside the cabin a greenhouse effect, which in times hot makes those posts of virtually unusable work that are directly exposed to solar radiation and which also forces a high energy consumption to cabin cooling.

Description of the invention

The skylight proposed by the invention resolves in a fully satisfactory way the problem previously exposed, in the different aspects commented.

To do this, more specifically and in agreement with the essentiality of the invention, said skylight, with any size and perimeter configuration, that is with a circular, rectangular or other plan configuration, centers its features in a sandwich structure, in which two rigid and transparent or translucent plates, of methacrylate, glass or any other appropriate material, of contour coinciding with that of the skylight or with that of a module thereof, distanced from each other to configure between them a sealed chamber in which a fluid is established in turn transparent or translucent, which may optionally also consist in a gel, so that this multilayer structure determines a diffusion effect for the skylight, which makes whatever the inclination with which solar radiation attacks the skylight, the light access the interior of the cabin in an overhead way and blurred, through a combined effect of reflection and refraction, which makes the lighting in that cabin result perfectly homogeneous.

Obviously, the liquid used to refill the aforementioned intermediate chamber, in addition to fulfilling the diffuser function just mentioned, it must be able to withstand extreme temperatures, especially lower temperatures than can occur in the winter, in your location area, without Said liquid freezes.

According to another of the characteristics of the invention, it is provided that in said chamber a plurality of corpuscles be established which, depending on the percentage of occupation within said chamber, can be transparent, translucent and / or opaque, collaborating decisively in the diffusion effect of the skylight and, where appropriate, the collection of
hot.

The said waterproof chamber must be not However communicated with the outside based on valve systems that allow to absorb the small differences in the volume that may occur in the diffuser liquid due to the changes Of temperature.

As a complement to the described structure, on an optional basis and from the point of view of energy use, it is provided that the aforementioned chamber defined within the skylight forms part of a hydraulic circuit, so that the liquid housed within it acts as a thermal collector that absorbs the energy of solar radiation, so that said circuit, with the collaboration of a heat exchanger or by any other appropriate conventional means, can transfer the heat absorbed in the skylight to a heating circuit to the own cabin to which said skylight belongs, to a hot water production system, to an electric power generating system,
etc.

Obviously when by the dimensions of this skylight adopts a modular structuring and when intends this energy use, the aforementioned modules they will be properly interconnected to obtain a single circuit with greater heat absorption capacity. How is it logical, both in one and in another case the aforementioned circuit of thermal collection will be assisted by the corresponding pump fluid circulation

The possibility is also provided of having on the upper face or on the lower face of the skylight itself a coating based on photovoltaic panels provided with a support of a translucent nature, so that with this coating a double object is achieved , on the one hand to further enhance the diffusion effect of solar radiation and on the other to also enhance energy collection, obtaining in this case directly electric power supplied to a battery of
accumulators

Since current technology allows it, the cited photovoltaic panels can have a support in addition to translucent textile nature, which allows a high degree of deformability for them, in order to adapt to curved surfaces, such as hemispherical domes or any other configuration, in which case and as is evident the modules participating in the sandwich structure will present also its rigid plates with the same curved configuration.

Description of the drawings

To complement the description that is being performing and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization of it, is accompanied as part member of that description, a set of drawings where with illustrative and non-limiting nature, what has been represented next:

Figure 1.- Shows a representation Diametral section schematic of a diffuser lucemario, made according to the present invention, according to an example of practical realization in which said skylight for being destined to a dome or similar, it is of a single piece nature.

Figure 2.- Shows a schematic representation in plan of a modular skylight, in which a plurality of modules similar to the one in the previous figure participate, duly interconnected with each other forming a feedback circuit
thermal

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

In view of the figures outlined and in special figure 1, can be seen as the diffuser skylight that the invention proposes is constituted from a frame perimeter (1), with any size and configuration, to which they are solidarity a pair of rigid plates (2) and (3), transparent or translucent, parallel and substantially distanced from each other, which As previously mentioned they can be made of glass, methacrylate or any other appropriate material, determining between them and with the own frame (1) a sealed chamber (4) occupied by a fluid, which in turn can be transparent or translucent, which preferably it will be a liquid but it could also be a gel, in any case acting as a light diffuser, so whatever the angle of incidence of solar radiation (5) on the skylight is achieved inside the cabin diffuse and zenithal radiation (6), which optimizes the conditions of lighting of it.

This diffusing effect is enhanced by the existence inside said chamber (4) and conveniently distributed within the fluid that occupies it, of a plurality of corpuscles (7), which can be of regular or irregular configuration, which can be transparent, translucent and / or opaque and that, as has been said before, collaborate decisively in the diffusion effect of
skylight

The fluid that occupies the chamber (4) must be nature such that it supports the lowest ambient temperatures that may occur outside the skylight, based on their own nature or the incorporation of a product antifreeze of suitable characteristics.

To avoid possible problems in the structure of the skylight derived from the volumetric variations of the aforementioned fluid as a function of temperature, it is expected that skylight incorporate at least one equilibrium chimney (8), equipped of a valve system (9), which allows eventual communication between the inside and outside of the chamber (4), to compensate Possible pressure differences.

Preferably there will be two chimneys of equilibrium, with opposite valve systems, one inlet and one output to the camera (4).

On large glazed surfaces, as per example in large flat roofs, the skylight will adopt a modular structuring, based on a plurality of modules (10) as depicted in figure 2, conveniently stabilized on a support structure (11), reticular, and both in one and otherwise the skylight can comply. in parallel a function of energy collector, for which purpose the chambers (4) defined in each of the modules (10) will be properly interconnected each other by means of sleeves (12) that maintain the tightness of so that said cameras (4) are interconnected in series defining a hydraulic circuit, with an outlet (13) and a return (14), between which a heat exchanger (15) is inserted and a circulation pump (16), so that the fluid that occupies the camera or the different cameras (4) passing through the exchanger (15) gives the heat to a coil (17) that uses this heat to obtain hot water at the expense of energy due to the solar radiation, or to obtain any other form of energy, by appropriate transformation means.

This thermal uptake not only determines a energy use but also makes the level thermal inside the passenger compartment corresponding to the skylight see substantially reduced, avoiding air conditioning costs to cooling equipment base.

In this line of energy collection, it has further provided that, as schematically represented in Figure 2, on the upper face of the structure described for the skylight is established a coating (18), based on plates special photovoltaic, specifically plates equipped with translucent supports, which as previously mentioned can be even of a textile nature, so that said plates photovoltaic, in addition to allowing the passage of light through it and of participate in the dissemination of it, generate electricity supplied to a battery of accumulators (19), capacity appropriate, from where said electric grid can be used to feed the facilities to which the skylight, and whose possible surplus can be supplied to the General electricity distribution network.

It only remains to point out finally that the effect skylight diffuser is not only applicable to solar radiation, but a similar effect can be achieved from the point of lighting view, during the night, if the light bulbs they are located outside the skylight, instead of in the inside of it, as is conventional. This in turn optimizes the energy use since outdoor lighting produces an additional energy, that is a photovoltaic energy, usable by the translucent coating (18) of plates photovoltaic, so that part of the energy generated by the lighting bulbs, returns to the battery of accumulators (19) that He is producing it.

Claims (9)

1. Diffuser skylight, of the type that with a single piece or with a modular structure are used in building roofs to allow the passage through the external ambient light, characterized in that said skylight, or in each case each module thereof , is structured by a perimeter frame (1), to which a pair of parallel plates (2) and (3), of a transparent or translucent nature, which substantially distanced each other define an intermediate and sealed chamber (4), occupied in turn by a fluid also of a transparent or translucent nature, which acts as a diffuser, so that whatever the angle of inclination with which the solar radiation (5) attacks the skylight, a radiation inside the cabin is obtained ( 6) zenith, diffuse and homogeneous. 2. Diffuser skylight, according to claim 1, characterized in that within the chamber (4), and more specifically of the fluid that occupies it, a plurality of corpuscles (7), of regular or irregular shapes and which can be interchangeably of a transparent, translucent or opaque nature depending on its size, which enhance the diffusion effect of the skylight. 3. Diffuser skylight, according to previous claims, characterized in that said plates (2) and (3) are made of glass, methacrylate or other similar material. 4. Diffuser skylight, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the fluid occupied by the chamber (4), by its very nature or by the incorporation thereof of suitable additives, is capable of withstanding temperatures below the maximum expected external ambient temperature . 5. Diffuser skylight, according to previous claims, characterized in that said chamber (4) has at least one equilibrium chimney (8), equipped with valvular means (9) that allow compensating the pressure differences between said chamber (4) and outside, due to temperature changes that occur over time. 6. Diffuser skylight, according to previous claims, characterized in that especially when it adopts a modular structuring, based on a plurality of modules (10) mounted on a reticular support structure (11), the chambers (4) of said modules are communicated with each other , in series, with the collaboration of sleeves (12), determining a closed circuit, with an outlet (13) and a return (14), between which a heat exchanger (15) and a circulation pump (16) are established of fluid, so that said exchanger (15) absorbs solar energy captured by the fluid that occupies the chambers (4) and, through a coil (17) or similar, is associated with a hot water production circuit or any other conventional energy transformation mechanism. 7. Diffuser skylight, according to previous claims, characterized in that said modules can adopt a flat configuration or a curved configuration, depending on the formal characteristics provided for the cover. 8. Diffuser skylight, according to previous claims, characterized in that a plurality of photovoltaic panels (18), of the type of which their modules are established on the upper face and the lower face of said modules (10), preferably on its upper face Photovoltaic cells are installed on a translucent support, so that such plates participate in the diffuser effect of the skylight, while directly generating electricity supplied to a battery of accumulators (19). 9. Diffuser skylight, according to claim 8, characterized in that the support of the photovoltaic cells participating in the photovoltaic panels (18) is of a textile nature.