ES2277799A1 - Tires recycling system employing an NFU and mineral oil reaction drum includes a hopper feeding to a reaction drum for distillation with hot gases inputting - Google Patents

Abstract

The tires recycling system employing an NFU and mineral oil reaction drum has a hopper receiving the NFU before the reaction drum, for continuous production of e.g. diesel oil and lampblack. Also claimed is a process using the system. CLAIMED PROCESS - The process provides dissolution and distillation in the drum with inputting of hot gases and obviates the need for heating and cooling cycles.

Description

Recycling system and process of tires

Object of the invention

The object of the present invention is to present a new system for tire recycling in a system continuous, that is, in a system where they are continually introduced tires and the resulting products are extracted. These products resulting are diesel, carbon black and steel.

Background of the invention

The massive demand, and therefore tire manufacturing and the difficulties to make them disappear once used, is one of the most important environmental pollution problems of recent years. Globally there is a serious environmental problem caused by residual tires. For this,. This problem is considered by the European Union, including it among the so-called priority waste . In addition, studies are continuously carried out to control these wastes and promote their recycling, since this way the potential energy they contain is harnessed.

There are various techniques in the market for use of tires at the end of their useful life. Between These highlight the following:

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Cryogenization: The Different components are separated by low temperatures recovering the rubber for reuse in the manufacture of tiles and athletics tracks among other uses.

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Pyrolysis: The gums undergo some temperatures between 500ºC and 800ºC producing the decomposition of the tires in mineral oils, coal, gases and steel. He major drawback of this technique is the poor transmission of heat inside the pyrolysis reactor, with the consequent expense energy, and the formation of non-condensable combustible gases that They must be collected and burned separately.

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Direct combustion: Combustion direct from cement plants at high temperatures is a serious problem of emission of pollutants in the gas phase.

There is different literature on the subject, no However, none of the documents cited below They cover the features described in the present invention:

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PCT WO03052029 describes a method and installation for the recycling of tires in a reactor with used car oil. This method It has the disadvantage that it is not a continuous process and that, so, when it finishes it has to stop and cool down to start a New cycle. This embodiment is known as a bathtub or "batch."

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PCT WO9909092 describes a reprocessing or recycling of products Polymers in a reactor with vegetable oil. This method has the inconvenient that it is not a continuous process and that, for therefore, at the end of the process it has to stop and cool down to begin A new cycle, just like the previous one.

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The US patent US4384151 and its French equivalent FR2490992  describe a tire recycling process in a single reactor and that uses oil mixed with the product's own oil recycling. Like the previous ones it is not a continuous process, but in batches, where a load of tires is introduced and pull over by oil sprinklers (external and internal mixed) and previously heated.

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PCT WO9408768 describes a system with two tanks connected to each other, where the tires are submerged in a first tank, inside rubber liquid, and they are heated so that the rubber of the wheels dissolves in them. Prior to this, the gums have been preheated in a tank to that effect. In the end it is a circuit system closed where the result of the dissolution is used to heater fuel and as a wheel solvent. He The main problem with this system is that it does not work continuously, therefore, the change of wheels implies the stoppage and cooling of the plant.

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The European patent EP0652275 describes a reactor with input means,  exit and heating where the wheels are mixed with oil, heated and passed through a sieve, in the same way there is a screw Endless transporting recovered material (metal) towards an exit. This system presents the problem of all of the above: it is not a power system and continuous extraction, just like the previous methods described.

Other documents also describe systems that in general they are characterized by having a tank where introduce the tires and oil, and where both are heated products to obtain waste. In no case is a continuous system where the product enters and leaves continuously with The features described below.

With the same object, the inventor presented the patent with application number P200601710 of July 28 and title "Device for the recycling of tires" , which has a geometry based on two trommels, which results in a greater complexity of the system, without Get satisfactory results.

Description of the invention

To alleviate the problems mentioned above, it presents the tire recycling system, object of the present invention patent. Tire treatment outside use (NFU onwards) will consist in causing its dissolution in medium temperature mineral oils, transforming the tires in a liquid hydrocarbon. The typical proportions of the process are 50% by weight of tires and 50% of mineral oils, to obtain 80% liquid fraction, 10% carbon black and 10% steel. He NFU dissolution process is carried out halfway temperatures and atmospheric pressure.

This process must be followed subsequently by a distillation of the liquid obtained in the solution, in order to achieve greater purification of inorganic fillers and metal oxides (mainly zinc oxide, which is used as a rubber stabilizer) that contains the rubber synthetic.

In this way a liquid is produced with a lower viscosity, comparable to a type C diesel, with a high content in aromatic products, and free of contaminants inorganic present in metal oxides.

During the dissolution process the elastomer It breaks down into smaller hydrocarbons, which recover more forward in the process. The solid residue consists of the black of coal, the inorganic components of the tire and steel. From this way, the chopped gums are fed into the reactor of dissolution, which is heated by its external part, after which the tire is progressively soaked and decomposes in hydrocarbons due to the reactions that take place during dissolution.

The system object of the invention implements a recycling process consisting, at least, of the following stages:

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Introduction of NFU;

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Soaking of the NFU;

Where, after this soaking, They develop the following processes in parallel:

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Tire dissolution (in this depolymerization process of the gums);

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Evaporation of the components volatile;

From the dissolution stage it is passed to following stages:

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Stage distillation;

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Stage of separation of carbon black and steel recovered from the rest of waste;

The evaporation stage is passed at following stages:

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Stage of condensation of volatile elements;

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Stage desulfurization;

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Stage diesel storage;

The recycling process thus described is implements in a tire recycling system that includes, at least, the following elements:

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a receiving hopper, consisting essentially of a body rectangular in its plan and trapezoidal in its elevation, with the part bottom of the same narrower than its top and with one of its sides inclined to, in this way, favor the introduction of NFU in both the hopper itself and the trommel;

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introduction of solvent oil in the NFU receiving hopper;

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a introduction system of chopped tire into the hopper, selected from:

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hydraulic;

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by tape feeding;

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a tire introduction system soaked from the hopper storage to the trommel, with a selected system between:

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hydraulic pushers;

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endless spindles;

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a dissolution-distillation trommel, with two zones differentiated that form angle to each other: a first zone of dissolution, more inclined with respect to the horizontal and a second distillation zone, longer than the first and with a lower inclination with respect to the horizontal. The dissolution trommel It is an inclined rectangular, watertight and static rectangular parallelepiped, which It has a hot oil bath inside from which the chopped tires travel, in which the dissolution. It is heated by its outer face, in a circuit in shirt, with the hot gases that come from an oven combustion of biomass or others, so that the liquid that is in inside it transmits heat to the pieces of tire that go traveling inside. To make the transmission more effective the shirt is equipped with a system of fins that increase the heat transmission In its final part it connects with the trombone of distillation. Only the amount of diluted mass oil-tires that will distill continuously. This pasty dough will enter the trommel and will advance through its interior, turning by the effect of augers and pallets that exist to ensure that there are no zones not exposed to the wall temperature. The distiller is also a rectangular parallelepiped, waterproof and fixed, which has in its interior of several augers that rotate by advancing the black of Smoke and steel. To the augers are attached pallets that they collect the product from the bottom of the parallelepiped and turn it over and they push up and forward, in contact with the surfaces, which are at an elevated temperature since they also have a double jacket system on the outside which allows the circulation of hot gases. The shirt is equipped with a system of longitudinal fins, like the anterior part of dissolution, to increase the transmission of hot. As the product progresses, vapors of distillate that will later be extracted from the trommel and condensed At the outlet of the trombone is the connection to the tube of reception of the coal-steel mixture.

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a entry of hot gases to the trombone;

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a hot gas outlet from the trombone;

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media heating, which in turn comprise at least:

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a biomass hopper;

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a biomass furnace;

Where the recycling process described is implements the system as follows:

one.

Stage Introduction: First and through the system of introduction of NFU, these are introduced into the hopper of reception.

2.

Stage Soaking: The receiving hopper is partially filled with a  diluting agent, preferably tire oil from of the recycled itself or oils derived from petroleum. The NFUs are soak up this product, starting the chemical process of dissolution of the NFU. These soaked tires are introduced in the dissolution-distillation tromer by means of a type hydraulic pusher system shirt-piston or endless spindles. The part The bottom of the hopper is connected to this system feeding, which injects these tires into the trombone by its First dissolution zone. The existing oil bath in the feed hopper communicates with the inside of the trombone of dissolution by the principle of communicating vessels, thereby the chopped tires are introduced in this area, submerged in at all times in the solvent agent.

3.

Stage of dissolution: The paste formed by partially dissolved NFUs and the diluent agent introduced into the first zone of the tromer or dissolution zone, begin the chemical process of depolymerization at a temperature that goes gradually increasing as they travel inside. Level of the diluent agent in the trommel is the same as the one in the hopper, since they communicate by communicating vessels with each other. The  temperature is reached in the trommel thanks to the hot gases introduced in the double shirt of the same, coming from the media heating

Four.

Stage Evaporation: Volatile components generated in the process of  depolymerization of the rubber of the tires evaporate due to the temperature reached inside the distillation zone of the trombone.

5.

Stage Condensation: The gases generated are channeled and condensed outside the trombone. The distillation vapors leave the trommel Distillation from the top. To help the distillation is more effective and faster, at the exit of the trombone and in the path of the gases through the condensation tube will be injected cold diesel to injectors; the output of this diesel by the injectors produce a "venturi" effect that will drag all the gases that are in the vicinity. This way you achieves a suction effect of the gases that are distilled and their fast cooling The diesel heated during the process of Distillation will cool in turn in air coolers. At the exit from the condenser the products go to a distillation tower that separates them from non-condensable gases and from there they are pumped to a Deposit. The non-condensable gases recovered are directed to their subsequent combustion either in a torch or in the furnace of biomass The diesel tank will be kept at a temperature constant of about 80ºC, from where this product will pass to a stage desulfurization to obtain the final result.

6.

Stage Distillation: The paste resulting from the dissolution of the tire chopped is transported by a plurality of augers a through the zone of distillation of the trommel, already outside the bath of diluting agent In this area the carbon black that exists is going drying when the oil that soaks it evaporates.

7.

Stage of separation: Of the resulting mixture of the distillation separates carbon black and steel (solid elements). The products finishes (carbon black and steel) are extracted from the trommel by an alternate, hermetically sealed double shut-off valve sealed, which prevents the passage of air into the trombone and leaks of volatile outwards, while leaving leave the solid waste generated on a scheduled and continuous basis during the final distillation stage. These subsequently fall into a conveyor belt, which leads them to the system magnetic separation, each of them falling on some ribbons transporters that take them to different warehouses.

Through the system and process described, They get the following advantages:

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Be it is a continuous process, it is not necessary to stop the system in no time the use of consecutive cycles of heating-cooling, obtaining greater thermal effectiveness Logically the productivity rate is optimal regarding the systems currently known.

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The materials that make up the trommel do not suffer expansion cycles- contraction, which shorten your life.

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Do not there are leaks of volatile pollutants abroad, the system is Hermetic and ecologically sustainable.

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A Optimum quality of the recycled product. Both carbon black and The steel has a minimum amount of impurities.

Brief description of the drawings

Then it goes on to describe very brief a series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention that is presented as an illustrative example but not limiting it.

- Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the tire recycling system.

- Figure 2 shows an elevation view schematized from the dissolution-distillation tromer, in plan (figure 2a) and elevation (figure 2b).

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

As it is possible to observe in figure 1, the tire recycling system comprises:

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media NFU reception, comprising at least:

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a receiving hopper (1) of NFU;

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storage media (11) of NFU solvent;

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first means of introduction of NFU (2) in the hopper;

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second means of introduction of NFU (3) in the trombone;

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a dissolution-distillation trommel [4];

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media hot gas inlet [5];

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media hot gas outlet [6], comprising at least:

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a smoke outlet outside (61);

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media of condensation gas extraction [7], comprising less:

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a gas outlet duct (71);

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a plurality of injectors (72);

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a distillation tower (73);

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storage media condensates (74);

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cooling media (75);

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media of transport [8] of product;

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media of extraction [9] of product, comprising at least:

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a hermetic outlet valve (91);

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magnetic separation means (92);

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media heating (10), comprising at least:

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a biomass hopper (101);

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a biomass furnace (102);

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media desulfurization (12);

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media diesel storage (13);

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media coal and steel storage (14);

where said receiving hopper [1] it consists of an essentially rectangular body on its floor and trapezoidal in its elevation, with the lower part of it more narrow than its upper part, and where one of its sides is inclined. The first means of introduction of NFU [2] is They are located at the bottom of the receiving hopper [1] and in turn connected to the second means of introducing NFU in the trommel [3]. The trombone of dissolution-distillation [4] comprises two zones differentiated that form angle to each other: a first zone of dissolution [41], more inclined than the horizontal of the trommel [4] and a second distillation zone [42], longer than the first and with a lower inclination with respect to the horizontal of the trommel [4]; where the trombone also has a double shirt, provided of a finned internal circuit; and where the means of transport (8) comprise at least one rotating shaft (81) and provided with a plurality of pallets (82) that collect and turn the product into contact with hot walls of the trommel (4).

The first means of introduction of NFU [2], the second means of introducing NFU into the trombone [3] and the receiving hopper [1] are connected in such a way that they work to piston mode:

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in the retraction of the first means of introduction of NFU [2], part of the tires present in the hopper [1], precipitate and placed at the entrance of the second means of introduction of NFU in the trommel [3];

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in the injection of the first means of introduction of NFU [2], the precipitated tires are injected into the second means of introduction of NFU in the trommel [3], while the new NFU they pass to the receiving hopper [1].

The receiving hopper [1] and the trombone of dissolution-distillation [4] are partially filled with a diluting agent, which is selected from:

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oil of tire;

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other oil derived from petroleum;

where the level of this agent diluent is the same, both in the hopper [1] and in the trombone [4].

The tire recycling process, implemented in the system described above includes, at less, the following stages:

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introduction of NFU;

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soaking of the NFU;

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tire dissolution (depolymerization of the chopped tire); -

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evaporation of volatile components [13];

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stage distillation;

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stage from separation;

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stage of condensation of volatile elements;

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stage desulfurization of condensed volatile elements;

where in the introduction stage NFUs are introduced into the receiving hopper [1], where it begins the soaking stage. Once the NFUs are soaked, they injected into the dissolution-distillation trombone [4], where a temperature between 300ºC and 430ºC is reached, under pressure atmospheric, due to the hot gases that circulate twice trommel shirt [4]. This temperature accelerates the dissolution of  tires in the diluting agent, in the dissolution stage, within the first zone [41] of dissolution of the trommel [4]. Of the in the same way, and in parallel the evaporation of the volatile components, which condense at the stage of condensation. At this stage the gases are channeled and condensed outside the trombone (4) by injecting cold diesel, producing a "venturi" effect, which will drag all gases. Diesel it will cool down due to the cooling means (75), located between the tank (74) and the condensation pipe (71). The exit of condenser, ie condensates, go to a tower of distillation (73) and from there they fall into a reservoir (74). This deposit It is maintained at a constant temperature of 60ºC, where product will go to a desulfurization stage to obtain the final score. Subsequent to dissolution, and in parallel to evaporation and condensation stages, distillation occurs in the second zone [42] of the trommel [4], and finally the separation between solid products, these being carbon black and steel.

Finally, it only remains to say that the invention can change in form and materials, as long as such modifications do not affect the claims that are set forth below.

Claims (4)

1. System recycled tires, characterized by comprising at least:

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media NFU reception, comprising at least:

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a receiving hopper (1) of NFU;

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storage media (11) of NFU solvent;

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first means of introduction of NFU (2) in the hopper;

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second means of introduction of NFU (3) in the trombone;

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a dissolution-distillation trommel [4];

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media hot gas inlet [5];

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media hot gas outlet [6], comprising at least:

\ circ

a smoke outlet outside (61);

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media of condensation gas extraction [7], comprising less:

\ circ

a gas outlet duct (71);

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a plurality of injectors (72);

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a distillation tower (73);

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air storage media of condensate (74);

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cooling media (75);

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media of transport [8] of product;

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media of extraction [9] of product, comprising at least:

\ circ

a hermetic outlet valve (91);

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magnetic separation means (92);

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media heating (10), comprising at least:

\ circ

a biomass hopper (101);

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a biomass furnace (102);

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media desulfurization (12);

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media diesel storage (13);

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media coal and steel storage (14);

where said receiving hopper [1] consists of an essentially rectangular body in its plan and trapezoidal in its elevation, with the lower part thereof narrower than its upper part, and where one of its sides is inclined
I swim; where said first means of Introduction of NFU [2] are located at the bottom of the receiving hopper [1] and in turn connected with the seconds means of introducing NFU into the trommel [3]; where the trombone of dissolution-distillation [4] comprises two zones differentiated that form angle to each other: a first zone of dissolution [41], more inclined than the horizontal of the trommel [4] and a second distillation zone [42], longer than the first and with a lower inclination with respect to the horizontal of the trommel [4]; where the trommel is also double shirt, provided with an internal circuit finned

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and where the means of transport (8) comprise at least one rotating shaft (81) and provided with a plurality of pallets (82) that collect and turn the product into contact with hot walls of the trommel (4). 2. System recycled tires, according to claim, wherein the first input means NFU [2], the second means of introduction of NFU in the trommel [3] and the receiving hopper [1] are connected such way they work as a plunger:

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in the retraction of the first means of introduction of NFU [2], part of the tires present in the hopper [1], precipitate and placed at the entrance of the second means of introduction of NFU in the trommel [3];

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in the injection of the first means of introduction of NFU [2], the precipitated tires are injected into the second means of introduction of NFU in the trommel [3], while the new NFU they pass to the receiving hopper [1].

3. Tire recycling system according to claim one, characterized in that the receiving hopper [1] and the dissolving-distillation trombone [4] are partially filled with a diluting agent, selected from:

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oil of tire;

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other oil derived from petroleum;

where the level of this agent Diluent is the same in both the hopper [1] and the trombone [4] and which is kept that way by the principle of the vessels communicators 4. Tire recycling process, implemented in a recycling system according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises at least the following stages:

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introduction of NFU;

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soaking of the NFU;

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tire dissolution (polymerization of the chopped tire);

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evaporation of volatile components [13];

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stage distillation;

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stage from separation;

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stage of condensation of volatile elements;

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stage desulfurization of condensed volatile elements;

where in the introduction stage NFUs are introduced into the receiving hopper [1], where it begins the soaking stage; where once soaked the NFU, these are injected into the dissolution-distillation trombone [4], where a temperature between 300ºC and 430ºC is reached, under pressure atmospheric, due to the hot gases that circulate twice trommel shirt [4]; where evaporation occurs in parallel of the volatile components, which condense at the stage of condensation, the gases being channeled and condensed out of the trombone (4) injecting cold diesel, producing an effect "venturi", which will drag all the gases, and where also the diesel is cooled due to the cooling means (75), located between the tank (74) and the condensation pipe (71); where, in addition, the output of the condenser, that is to say the condensates, they go to a distillation tower (73) and from there they fall into a tank (74); This deposit is maintained at a constant temperature of 60 ° C, where this product will go to a desulfurization stage to get diesel; after dissolution, and in parallel the stages of evaporation and condensation, the distillation in the second zone [42] of the trommel [4], and finally the separation between solid products, carbon black and steel.