ES2276560B1 - RECOVERY FORMWORK FOR "IN SITU" CONSTRUCTION OF MULTIPLE SEPULTURES. - Google Patents

Abstract

Recoverable formwork for the construction "in situ" of multiple burials, consisting of two formwork bodies, one inside and one outside, which are rigidly assembled and disassembled completely reused repeatedly, and assembled concentrically, forming a space for emptying a individual burial or paired burials for multiple bodies, which is carried out on a sole or surface with the measures of the formwork as a whole and a concentric grill of reinforcement rods within which the inner body of the formwork is arranged and outside the enveloping body, with the particularity that the inner body is armed and tensioned by means of bracing that close or open its front doors, which fold or fold against the sides of said inner body, considerably reducing its independent dimensions.

Description

Recoverable formwork for the construction " in situ " of multiple graves.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is aimed at achievement of a recoverable formwork and its method or process of burial construction using this formwork for one, two, three, four or five bodies that are the regulations authorized, although increasing the dimensions of the height of the formwork of the invention, can allow the construction of graves For many more bodies.

The invention has developed an integral formwork preferably metallic and strongly consistent to resist the tensions of setting in large dimensions and their repetitive reuse and, above all, advantageously simple and effective for this purpose so that one alone or exceptionally two operators, according to the phases, are enough to arm and disarm the formwork, concrete and restart a new use.

A formwork according to the invention consisting of two bodies, one inside and one outside or envelope of the previous one of so that between them the space is created to empty the mold of the burial over a planned convenient hearth that defines the construction project like the vertical armor that in this same project they are contemplated.

Advantageously, the recoverable formwork of the invention, is designed and designed to arm and disarm by its own internal means in which it is practically not the use of tools is necessary, since the inner body, when formwork, is armed by the exceptional provision of means built-in bracing and outside by means of jaws and, between one and the other, by means of tensioners or dogs tensioned by known external popcorn. All this is manageable without need of the intervention of tools since the media themselves with those that the formwork is equipped together serve to assemble / disassemble

Background of the invention

The trend in construction is the rationalization of media and the indefinite reuse of These for repeated uses. The formwork of various modularly recoverable features that are used in various construction operations, for example for the formation of pillars based on sheet metal plates and Recoverable

In the construction of facilities for the cemeteries, the petitioner Obras Reunidas, SA is the owner of U ES 0285401 which is a formwork for the construction " in situ " of niches, recoverable and reusable and another one in sheet metal ES 2141681 by: Recoverable formwork and process for the construction " in situ " of underground burials and overlays of reinforced concrete for the construction of graves that is a set of sheet metal plates that are assembled to make a part of the horizontal burial and superimposing them successively gains height until the projected burial is built for number of bodies that have been calculated.

That patent already contains the provision of a formwork of two bodies one exterior and one interior in which, the outer body is formed by straight boards, sides and testeros, which are assembled using jaws that tap into holes respectively facing and the inner body have formed sides by two angled parts that have part of the tester and a side that is completed with another set just as they join each other by corresponding bracing means and with the outside by means of known tensioning means.

There are also other records for formwork recoverable for other construction purposes, generally forged, jácenas or pillars as it appears from the patents ES 2196951 A1 "recoverable formwork"; ES 2148096 B1 "Recoverable formwork system" and others referring to these purposes, but not for the intended purpose of the invention which is a clear continuation of the one referred to in ES.2141681 but none With this philosophy.

Description of the invention

The invention consists of a metal formwork Oxidation resistant and fully recoverable that incorporates means to assemble and disassemble it and that is designed to build insulated or paired longitudinal or transversely, leaving spaces between them simple, double or others depending on the project, in concrete or reinforced concrete so that these graves can be buried or urbanized in the form suitable for traditional burials.

According to the invention construction project previously a concrete screed with the dimensions is prepared surface of the grave and therefore of the formwork in its outer dimension in which, vertically, the armor is arranged that said project has according to the height of the grave and geological characteristics of the land so that they assemble the interior of the walls of the grave, walls, according to the invention, smooth on the outside and with internal longitudinal nerves and mouth set back in chamfer. A few nerves planned to ride separation boards between each burial and serving as support the coffin in each burial and allow easy eviction in each exhumation. And the optional chamfer or optional may have the inclination that each case recommend

A formwork, as set forth, comprising an inner body and an outer or enveloping body. The first one places the rod reinforcement concentric and the second circumscribed to rod reinforcement, so that the separation between them is the space for filling or loading the material of the walls of the grave, so the inner body is consisting of two side panels or sides that have the long and high inside the grave and carry for each of their respective ends, half of the tester with the width and high interior of the grave and, the outer body, is formed by two side panels or sides that have the length and height from the outer wall of the grave and two end boards that they have the width and the outer height of said grave. This body exterior is suppressed laterally or longitudinally if the project contemplate pairing the graves laterally or longitudinally, in this case the bracing is between the inner body of the two adjacent formworks spaced leaving a thick concrete in the intersection according to the construction project.

The halves of each inner body tester are respective panels attached to each end of the side panel or side of said inner formwork body, they are articulated with East. Preferably by an elastic vertical joint, for example of rubber, rubber or similar that allows the opening of the respective half to cover the side of one side, for each extreme, completing with the other half of the opposite set. The songs of these halves are equipped with trim, also elastic of rubber, rubber or similar to close tightly between them when they overlap vertically and, the lower edges, for favor formwork. Said halves and side panels or sides of this inner body have means for, on the one hand, bracing the aforementioned halves, tensing them and assembling the tester internal formwork body in the correct position for molding and these same means to fold the respective halves against the interior plane of the side panels or sides when they are not operational and to facilitate transport by reducing considerably its volume.

The referred elastic joint is preferably, a rubber or rubber elastomer band that goes embedded and held vertically by its edges, in the guides that adjacent edges of the side or side board and halves The respective means are intended for this purpose so that the means of fixing are removable to replace or replace said band when it deteriorates attending to what is possibly the weaker part of the formwork, counting that in the same way you can the same thing happens with the edging, also elastic, mounted on the lower edges and outer jambs of said body panels  inside to hermetically close the union of these with each other and against the floor to facilitate its removal. In addition, the articulation band is provided with a central thickening that makes up with the plane of the guides for form straight chamfers at each corner of the grave and the lower trim has a certain inclination inward to facilitate the drag on the hearth. In this way the unconfigured overall it is much sweeter and softer and prevents chipping, macules or signs in the concrete.

The bracing means are constituted by horizontal posters placed opposite the edges of the open jambs of said halves that, when closed, said jambs are overlapped and cartels are counterbalanced and superimposed by matching the holes they have in each end in reverse to receive the pin of a brace which, at the other end, locks in the hole of a shoulder analogue arranged inside the side panels adjacent, at the same height. The brace is in a position diagonal with respect to the elastic joint with some tension to ensure the tightness of the closure of each body tester inside the formwork and unable to leave the accommodation when working with opposite tensions. When half is open is folded against the adjacent side board holding on by this same brace in a position tangent to said side anchoring its ends in a carton of an inner half of the testero and a protrusion from the adjacent side. The elasticity of the elastic joint allows tightening the support, both in the case of closing of the testero as in the folding of this one.

According to the invention, the operator only has to introduce one end of the brace in the cartels overlapping of the tester and the other end in the highlight corresponding from the adjacent side panel to tension the closing. A certain number of distributed braces are available in all the height of the mentioned panels of the testeros and of the sides of the inner body.

Also, according to the invention, the operator before leave the inner body of the formwork will introduce in two holes provided in said traditional sided dogs tensioned that also act as guarantors to form the hole to mold the burial between this inner body and the body formwork exterior.

Then the outer body is assembled. The side boards that have analogous holes are placed introducing them into said tensioning dogs. Then it is Ride the heads, they gag against the sides and tie these by means of palomillas in the mentioned dogs.

According to the invention for the referred gagged the testeros has a square profile on its vertical edges incoming with transverse reinforcements and holes in its side wing which coincide with other holes provided at the ends of said boards arranged for the accommodation of a pin arranged in gagged members that overlap and snap on contact edges of the front and side panels or sides of this outer body.

The jaw in question, according to the invention, is a mixed piece that has a cylindrical handle and a fork in "U", with one of its wings higher than the other and in the part high of this one pin perpendicular to the inner face that is the which acts as a support between the contact edges of the heads and of the side panels or sides of the outer body; serving of tilt axis when the handle is taken to put the fork between the referred songs. This arrangement resists perfectly so much to the efforts of transversal understanding and longitudinal and the dogs perfectly resist stress Elastic or buckling.

Both boards on either side formwork body, such as the outer pointers and the two Interior halves of the interior, have reinforcement ribs longitudinal or transverse and vertical braces by way of buttresses

The inner braces of the boards sides or sides of the inner body have also welded transversely, a polygonal anchor to ensure the possibility of lifting or loading it on a crane, pulley, winch or similar.

Also outside and in addition, the boards on the sides of the inner body have incisions Longitudinal equidistant to form nerves or edges longitudinal equidistant in the inner cloth of the grave and on the upper edge has a bevel, also longitudinal, fled down so that along with those edges that are board support for burial separation, facilitate burial or exhumation of burial.

A broader idea of the characteristics of the We will make the invention below, referring to the sheets of the drawings that are attached here, so somewhat schematic and only by way of example, representing the preferred and vital details of the invention.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a perspective seen from a open tester of the inner body (I) of the formwork in phase of assembly in which they are visible, both sides (1), the base sole (S) and the frame rods (V).

Figure 2 is a perspective detail of one of the articulated ends of the open testero in which it stands out the elastic joint (5) in folded position held by a brace (16).

Figure 3 is an enlarged detail in perspective of one of the longitudinal angular incisions (24) from one of the sides (1) of the inner formwork (I).

Figure 4 a perspective of a treasurer deployed or closed to assemble the inner body (I).

Figure 5 is a plan view perspective of the armed formwork, with both bodies, interior (I) and exterior or envelope (E).

Figure 6 is a perspective of the body interior (I) armed formwork seen from a wall (2).

Figure 7 is an enlarged detail in perspective of the brace (16) of tensioning of a panel (8) of tester (2) to the adjacent side (1) of the inner body (I).

Figure 8 is an enlarged detail in perspective of the flat panel (13) for the brace (16) of tensioning of the panel (8) of the tester (2) of the inner body (I).

Figure 9 is a perspective of the formwork armed seen from the outside of the enveloping body (E).

Figure 10 is an enlarged detail in perspective of the clamping jaw (28) between the sides (3) and testers (4) of the outer body (E).

Figure 11 is an enlarged detail in perspective of the palomilla (29) and stem (250) of the dog (25) of tension between inner body (I) and envelope (E) of formwork

Figure 12 is an elevation perspective of a elastic joint (5) of tester (2).

Figure 13 is a sectioned detail of the body elastic (50) of the elastic joint (5).

Figure 14 is a perspective seen from the inside of the emptying of the grave (F) formed by sides (1a) and testeros (2nd).

Preferred embodiment of the invention

The preferred embodiment of the invention consists of in a formwork, preferably a metal formwork consisting of of two bodies, an inner body (I) and another enveloping body (E) between which a concentric space (C) for filling is established of the burial concrete or funeral hollow (F) (figure 14), which they consist, respectively, of two sides (1) and testeros (2) in (I) and of sides (3) and testeros (4) in (E).

In the inner body (I) the sides (1) are joined with the ends (2) by elastic joints (5) continuous and vertical mounted by respective fixing rows detachable (6) corresponding to the sides (1) and rows (7) corresponding to the testers (2) that make removable and replaceable elastic joint (5) which is a band elastomer in rubber, rubber or similar (fig. 13) that has a profile mixed centrally returned (50) so that its lateral wings of smaller thickness (51 and 52) enter respective guides (60) and (70) of  the fixing rows (6) and (7).

Each tester (2) of the inner body (I) is composed of two panels (8) and (9), which are the respective half of the width of each tester (2), joined with the sides (1) by referred elastic joints (5) that open and close as  of doors, such that said panels (8) and (9) can adopt a certain collapsed position against the adjacent wall inside the sides (1), in a state of rest, holding by bracing means, a function that is also used to assemble and tension the tester (2) when its panels (8) are opened and (9).

For this purpose said panels (8) and (9) have joints or vertical trims (10), also elastic, which are overlap each other and (11) lower horizontals, both to close tightly joining the panels (8) and (9) with each other and against the hearth (S) respectively, whose borders or joints (10-11) are also mounted in rows detachable fixing (80 and 90) respectively.

These panels (8) and (9) have posters flat (12) and (13) poised, so that when closed they close overlap overlapping and matching their respective holes (14) and (15) (figure 8), in reverse positions, for allow the corresponding tension bracing of said closing by means of braces (16) and preventing accidental eviction; which are mounted on flat projections (17) adopted on the sides adjacent (1) that have a corresponding hole (18) for anchoring (figure 8). U-shaped braces u very open fork whose legs (160-161), are those that are housed in holes (14-15) and (18) of the posters (12-13) and outgoing (17) in one diagonal projection to tightly tighten the seal of the panels (8-9) that form the tester (2) of the inner body (I) of the formwork.

The referred sides (1) of the inner body (I) on the inner wall, in addition to the aforementioned anchor projections (17), consists of longitudinal ribs (19), vertical buttress (20), an anchor (21) and through holes (22) for passage of tensioning dogs (25) (figure 6) that cross the space concentric (C) and are tied or held in front of the sides (3) of the enveloping body (E).

The referred sides (1) of the inner body (I) have a chamfer upper socket (23) to produce a mocheta (26) inner slope in the grave (F) and incisions longitudinal (24) to produce prismatic nerves (27) in the interior of the grave that facilitate the burial-exhumation of the coffin and ensure spaces for ventilation.

The sides (3) and body ends (4) envelope (E), have longitudinal (30) and transverse reinforcements (40) respectively, vertical buttresses (31) and (41) and edge guard (32) and (42), the latter in the form of an angle profile  incoming, which in their overlapping walls, consist of respective matching holes (33) and (43) that are intended for mounting of corresponding closing jaws (28) consisting of a handle (280) connected with a fork (281). with one of his higher sides (282) provided with a pin (283) that makes clamping between holes (33 and 43) and serves as a tilting axis of the jaw (28).

The dog (25) consists of respective stem threaded (250) to which the clamping knob (29) that fixes is attached the tension between the inner body (I) and the outer body (E) of the formwork fixing the separation (C) between both for the emptying of the grave (F).

According to the invention the process or method of burial construction (F) (figure 14), starts by preparing a base sole (S) with the dimensions of the formwork that shows the Figure 9. In said sole (S) the rod reinforcement is arranged vertical (V), depending on the project, to assemble the structure of said burial (F). Said rod grill (V) is located in a projected position with respect to the sole (S) so that match the concentric space (C) between the inner body (I) and the outer body (E) of the formwork. Inside the rods (V) assemble the inner body (I) mounting the assembly of sides (1) and front ends (2) using a crane, winch or similar and anchor (21) on the sides (1). Be it puts of song and the panels (8) and (9) are opened removing the brace (16) of the respective projection (17). Said panels (8) and (9) are opened and the overlaps (12-13) in positions counterbalanced, closing by means of braces (16) in a diagonal position in corresponding projection (17) tensioning and hermetically closing the heads (2).

The dogs (25) are mounted and the mount the enclosure body (E). The sides are placed (3) fixing them on the dogs (25) and tightening them with the moths (29). The heads are mounted (4) and joined with the sides (3) through the jaws (28), both in the formwork cases individual as paired when it comes to burial individual or paired, either in transverse distribution as longitudinal. Assembled the set fills the space (C) by molding the grave (F), with the desired height according to the own formwork height. This operation ends when the material has set, then the body is disassembled from outside envelope (E) and from inside the inner body (I) by means of the anchor (21) and corresponding lifting means, recovering entirely the formwork that, also advantageously, can be stored, stored or transported by folding the panels (8 and 9) of the testers (2) by means of the elastic joint (5); holding the fold, changing the position of the brace (16) to a position parallel to the adjacent inner wall of the side (one).

Once nature is conveniently described of the invention is recorded for the appropriate purposes, that the same It is not limited to the exact details of this exhibition, but that on the contrary, it will introduce the modifications that are they consider appropriate, provided that the characteristics are not altered Essentials thereof, which are claimed below.

Claims (14)

1. Recoverable formwork for the construction " in situ " of multiple burials, consisting of a metal formwork that is mounted and disassembled in situ , which is recoverable and, said formwork, is characterized in that it comprises: an inner body (I) that includes originally connected to each other's sides (1) and slats (2) by an elastic joint (5) so that the panels (8) and (9) of said heads (2) are held, in one position, folded against said sides (1) and, in another position, open and tensioned to arm the heads (2) by bracing; an enveloping body (E) consisting of side or side panels (3) and tester boards (4) that are joined together by means of typical jaws (28) and with the inner body (I), duly spaced apart by a space concentric (C) using traditional locking and tensioning dogs (25). 2. Recoverable formwork for the " in situ " construction of multiple burials, according to claim 1, the elastic joint (5) between the sides (1) and the ends (2) of the inner body (I) is further characterized by being constituted by a elastomeric band (5) extended vertically from end to end, centrally thickened (50) and thinner side wings (51) and (52), which are housed in respective guides (60) and (80) of the fixing edges ( 6) of the sides (1) and of the fixing edges (7) of the panels (8) and (9) of the slats (2). 3. Recoverable formwork for the " in situ " construction of multiple burials according to claim 2, the fixing edges (6) and (7) of the elastic joint (5) of the inner body (I) are further characterized , because they form chamfer (CH) at the vertices of the inner body (I) held by a row of detachable fixing means. 4. Recoverable formwork for the construction " in situ " of multiple graves, according to claims 1 and 2 the articulated panels (8) and (9) of the heads (2) of the inner body (I) are also characterized in that in their jambs open and at the lower edges they also have gaskets or elastomeric trims (10) and (11), respectively, held by rows (80-90) of removable fastening means. 5. Recoverable formwork for the construction " in situ " of multiple graves, according to claim 4, the elastomeric seals (10 and 11) are further characterized in that the vertical edging (10) has a profile for overlapping and sealing tightly and the lower edges (11) have a certain inclination inward to facilitate the release. 6. Recoverable formwork for the construction " in situ " of multiple graves, according to claims 1, 2 and 4 the panels (8) and (9) of the heads (2) of the inner body (I) are also characterized by Inside the jambs, the open panels (8-9) consist of flat counterbalances (12-13), with double holes (14-15), which when closed overlap and inverted overlapping by matching said holes ( 14-15) for respective tensioning, on either side, of the braces (16). 7. Recoverable formwork for the construction " in situ " of multiple graves, according to claims 1 and 6 for tensioning and closing of the heads (2) of the inner body (I) is also characterized in that it consists of braces (16), which it is an elongated metal or U-shaped fork, with pins (160) and (161) anchoring in the holes (14-15) of the brackets (12 and 13). 8. Recoverable formwork for the construction " in situ " of multiple graves, according to claims 1 and 2 the sides (1) constituted by metal boards with longitudinal reinforcements, (19); vertical buttresses (20) and holes (22) for tensioning dogs (25) are further characterized in that they essentially consist of horizontal projections (17) with holes (18) for anchoring the brace (16) and tensioning the heads (2 ) and, laterally, inside, a semi-polygonal anchor (21) between the buttresses (20) for mechanical displacement. 9. Recoverable formwork for the construction " in situ " of multiple burials, according to claims 1, 2 and 8, the side panels (1) externally also characterized in that on the upper edge has a longitudinal bevel (23) shed with any inclination and on the interior plane a series of angular, incision, longitudinal and parallel incoming incisions (24). 10. Recoverable formwork for the construction " in situ " of multiple graves, according to claim 1 the sides (3) and sides (4) of the enclosure (E) which are metal panels with longitudinal reinforcements (30 and 40) and buttresses ( 31 and 41) are also characterized in that the sides (3) have extreme edge guards (32) with holes (33) and laterally holes for the passage of tensioning dogs (25) and, the ends (4), have incoming angular guardians ( 42) with holes (43) in the wing tangent to the edge guard (32) for overlapping and gagged fastening. 11. Procedure for the construction " in situ " of multiple burials by recoverable formwork, which is also characterized in that a concrete screed or surface (S) with arrangement of metal rods or ferrules (V) is prepared inside which the body is assembled inside (I) of the formwork and outside of them the enclosure body (E) leaving between them a concentric space (C) for the filling of concrete of the grave (F). 12. Procedure for the construction " in situ " of multiple burials by recoverable formwork, according to claim 11, wherein the inner body (I) of the formwork is further characterized in that it consists of anchoring (21) in the inner buttress (20) for media mechanics with which the sides (1) and pockets (2) are placed by opening and tensioning the panels (8) and (9) internally, by means of the braces (16), which are braced in a diagonal position between the brackets ( 12-13) and the projections (17) of the sides (1), the tensioning dogs (25) being mounted in the holes (22) of the sides (1). 13. Procedure for the construction " in situ " of multiple burials by recoverable formwork, according to claims 11 and 12, wherein the decoupling of the inner body (I) is further characterized in that the braces (16) are disassembled; opening the panels (8) and (9) of the heads (2), folding said panels (8) and (9) and anchoring the braces (16) between the posters (12) or (13) and the projections (17) in a tangential position against the adjacent sides (1), the dogs (25) are removed and hoisted through the (21) anchor by mechanical means. 14. Multiple graves built by recoverable formwork, where the grave (F) constructed, is characterized in that it internally consists of vertical chamfers (CH) in its corners, between the short (2nd) and long (the) cloths of the grave hole; in the upper sockets with optional downward slope (26) and longitudinal lateral ribs (27) of angular edge.