ES2266069T3 - DEVICE FOR CLASSIFICATION BY SEPARATION OF A FRACTION. - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for separating mixed material, e.g. for recycling, has filter trays comprising parallel riddle strips agitated by cranked drives. The filter trays are inclined to one end and are stacked in two or more layers. The mixed material is dropped onto the upper tray where heavy material rolls down the slope to a transporter, the lighter material is driven up the slope onto a second transporter while the finer fraction drops through the riddles onto a second filter trays and so on. Finally the finest material drops onto a final transporter.

Description

Device for sorting by separation of a fraction.

The present invention relates to a device for classification, subdivision of a fraction of eventually different partial fractions of any type based on density and / or grain size with at least one conveyor element, and presenting in particular numerous conveyor slats placed side by side that are supported on at least one axis of crankshaft.

Such a device is known as example of DE 28 03 684 C2, as well as of DE 100 14 812.3. Through two crankshafts you can propel some of the adjacent conveyor slats that are placed side by side side. In this case, the conveyor slats as a whole are inclined and carry a stream of material to a exit, thus allowing small fractions to cross the corresponding slat fractures Conveyors and be transported. The biggest fractions they roll along the conveyor slats and are transported by conveyor belts or similar.

In addition, the utility model is known "Gebrauchsmuster" DE 299 04 262 U1 a device for the classification, in which case different conveyor slats are they also propel by means of two crankshafts. In this case, the pieces dragging pass over each of the slats conveyors thus forming the corresponding fractures. A particular disadvantage of such devices for classify is that the fact of mixing and removing the fraction that is Want to rank is not enough.

In addition, with the described devices of according to the current state of the art, a fraction could be classified mainly in three sub-fractions, which would have to be treated later.

In this case the mixtures could consist of parts or pieces, as well as materials other than different size, and / or density, and / or grain size such as wood and preferably paper, but also metal, plastic, rubber, rubble, or similar.

In the case of different mixtures, they are presented different requirements as regards especially the ability to mix, although in this case it is currents of materials consisting of several mixtures of substances.

EP 1 166 896 A1 presents a separator ballistic, in which case a series of fixed crankshafts propel several conveyor elements placed side by side. The DE-B-1162 782 describes a grille of the sieve, which would be formed by songs of parallel guide, in which case several guide edges would be placed adjacently on a drive rope. Each one of said guide edges would be positioned angularly.

FR 1 474 567 A has different sieves that would be placed adjacently, in which case each sieve would be propelled by an eccentric propeller, thus vibrating the corresponding sieve. At one end of the sieve you can provide a fully mechanical control device to vary from manually form the angle of the sieve. The eccentric propeller would be firmly connected to the sieve.

CH 31 4861 A has a sieve that can be inclined, in which case an angle of the sieve would be manually variable through a support with holes corresponding. Changes during the march would not be possible.

The present invention aims at develop a device in the manner described above, with which should improve the classification, and especially the process of mixing and stirring the fractions to be classified for multiple partial fractions in a simple and effective way, saving space and getting it economical in your expenses. In this case partial fractions should be determined with accuracy in terms of density, grain size or Similary. In addition, from a fraction it should be possible to separate exactly a heavy fraction so that it cannot damage items after the device, such as mills or similar, as well as parts of these elements.

The achievement of this objective implies that meet the characteristics of claim 1.

In the present invention it could be varied in a way angular one of the conveyor elements and / or the other, what which could be done manually, but preferably from automatically during operation. For this they could be provided for the corresponding hydraulic cylinders, which do not have been represented here in more detail, to vary the different crankshafts, in such a way that the elements Conveyors may be positioned at an angle. In this case could also be considered the possibility of moving by complete the conveyor element out of one level, that is lower it or raise it, so that a level could be set different for each of the conveyor elements so manual and / or automatic.

In addition, numerous conveyor elements Individuals could be placed on the same level side by side, especially one behind the other, in which case those elements are they would overlap. In this case the final end of a first element conveyor would overlap the initial end of the next element conveyor.

It is preferable that all the elements conveyors are executed in such a way that the angles and / or The height can be varied. This move would be done. by hydraulic cylinders, spindle drive, or a similar mechanism.

In this way you could get various operating states of the device, especially the ballistic separator For example, if the first item conveyor is located in such a way that it forms an angle, at load the conveyor element with the material stream to classify a fraction of heavy material in motion, this it could then be separated from the rest of the fractions in the area initial low of the conveyor element. In addition, heavy pieces, large fractions, or heavy products would fall from the first conveyor element being able to be so classified. The separation accuracy would be determined by a change of angle, especially of the inclination of the conveyor element. Depending on the fraction to be classified, having a more pronounced inclination could allow the classification of a even smaller fraction of heavy products, which would be treated separately. This way you could classify pieces large of a fraction, also of for example metal or others materials that could not be further divided, so that they do not cause damage in a subsequent treatment, especially if it is a grinding process, or similar.

In addition, the fact was particularly advantageous. that adjacent conveyor elements are placed overlapping on the same level, so that the current of material that crosses the first conveyor element falls on the initial area of the adjacent conveyor element, in which case the material would be well removed and well mixed due to the drop. That is why the homogenization of the material for your next classification. This improvement is a advantage especially if it comes to the classification of substitute fuels (ESB). This would also result in a additional continuation of the material flow, which would be a advantage for further treatment in mills or devices Similar. So that the step can also be influenced, has considered the possibility of varying manually and / or automatic height level of each of the elements adjacent conveyors during operation. This is also considered within the framework of the present invention.

More advantages, features and details of Present invention can be deduced from the following description of preferred embodiments, as well as the drawings; the which show in

Figure 1 a schematic side view on the device for classification, division of a fraction, especially on a two-step ballistic separator;

Figure 2 a plan view on a device for classification, division of at least a fraction  with numerous conveyor elements placed side by side, especially conveyor slats;

Figure 3 a schematic side view on another exemplary embodiment of the device according to figures 1 and 2;

Figure 4 a schematic side view of the example of execution of the device according to figure 3 in another Different use position.

According to figure 1 a device R_ {1}, described in DE 100 30 906.2, presents a box 1 in which crankshafts 2.1 to 2.4 are placed, which have not been represented here in greater detail, in addition to numerous elements conveyors 3.1, 3.2, especially conveyor slats 4.1 up to 4.12. The conveyor elements 3.1 would be placed above the conveyor elements 3.2, and especially the conveyor slats 4.1 to 4.6 would be provided by above the conveyor slats 4.7 to 4.12. Slats 4.1 to 4.6, which are propelled through the crankshafts 2.1 and 2.2, would be placed above the crankshafts 2.3, 2.4 of the conveyor slats 4.7 to 4.12.

The conveyor elements 3.1 are preferably placed above the elements conveyors 3.2, such that they are covered approximately each.

In this case, the crankshafts 2.1 to 2.4 they can be propelled synchronously through a common propellant. Within the framework of the present invention one could also consider assigning a separate propeller to crankshafts 2.1, 2.2, as well as crankshafts 2.3, 2.4.

Due to the different position above crankshafts 2.1, 2.2 of the different conveyor slats 4.1 up to 4.6, each of said conveyor slats 4.1 to 4.6 it moves towards the crankshafts over orbits at different heights, as already described for example in DE 299 04 262 U1, so as also in DE 100 14 812.3, to which it refers explicitly.

The different conveyor slats 4.1 up to 4.12 are preferably equipped with elements interchangeable 5, which have numerous pass openings 6 (see figure 2).

The elements 5 can be fixed for example reversibly on conveyor elements 3.1, 3.2, and especially conveyor slats 4.1 to 4.12, through quick or similar closures, in which case these slats have 6-pass pass openings of different sizes depending on the mix of products to classify.

Different elements 5 with different openings Pass 6 may be assigned to the conveyor elements 3.1, 3.2, according to the material or fraction to be classified or well divide.

Quick change closures allow especially a quick exchange, or even the replacement of some of the elements 5.

The fraction to classify from any type of garbage, especially paper, would be introduced through a conveyor belt 18 on conveyor elements 4.1 up to 4.6.

Due to the inclined placement of the element conveyor 3.1 the fraction to classify is divided into three fractions On the one hand a fraction in rotation, such as large containers or similar, is directed from the elements Conveyors 3.1 down, specifically to a belt Conveyor 14.1 being transported out and being then eventually selected by hand or processed.

In addition, due to the rotational movement of some of conveyor slats 4.1 to 4.6, the remaining part of the fraction will be transported upwards above 3.1 conveyor elements, thus falling on a belt conveyor 20. Said fraction contains larger fractions and more lightweight, such as cardboard or similar.

Through pass openings 6 corresponding, such a so-called medium part will be directed by middle of a first screening pass to the elements 3.2 conveyors that are below, being separated again from said part a rotating fraction, which would fall from the conveyor elements 3.2, inclined, in address to conveyor belt 14.2 from which it will be transported

A fine fraction can be separated by the corresponding pass openings 6 in the conveyor elements 3.2 on a transport device 19, being transported from it to the treatment devices that have not been described here in more detail such as, for example, magnetic separators. , non-metal separators, or
Similar.

At the ends of the conveyor elements 3.2 the middle part would come out, for example as "deinken ware", separately and would be transported through a 20.2 belt for further processing.

In the example of execution according to the figure 3 a device R 2 is represented in accordance with the present invention, which consists of a box 1, in which case at least two conveyor elements 3.1, 3.2 are placed side by side in a common level E_ {1}. In this case the different crankshafts 2.1 of the different conveyor elements 3.1, 3.2 are also placed on the same level E_ {1}.

The different conveyor elements 3.1, 3.2 are placed side by side in such a way that an end end 21 of the conveyor element 3.1 overlaps an initial end 22 of the conveyor element 3.2 that is placed next to it.

In addition, the first conveyor element 3.1 could be fed with material by means of a tape conveyor 18 or similar device.

The material would then be transported in address of the conveyor element 3.2 by the element conveyor 3.1, and there it would fall from the end 21 on the initial end 22 of the following conveyor element 3.2, or the That is placed next to you. In that place the material would be then transported or sorted the way correspondent.

An additional feature of the present invention, for which independent protection is claimed, is that the different conveyor elements 3.1, 3.2 also they can be variables in angular position independently each. In this case, in the preferred execution example, the crankshaft 2.2 of conveyor element 3.1 of level E_ {1} ha been executed in such a way that it can be moved in a guide groove 23 manually and / or automatically. In this way you can vary a angle α of the conveyor element 3.1 or of the slats 4.1 to 4.6, or an angle? of the element Conveyor 3.2 or its slats 4.7 to 4.12 so manual and / or automatic. In this case, the angles α and β They can be varied within a range of 0 to 60º.

In this context it is also essential importance that in the case of the present invention both the elements conveyors 3.1 as well as conveyor elements 3.2 can be tilted by the angle α or β so independent of each other.

In addition, within the framework of the present invention Consider the fact that the crankshaft 2.1 can be moved and pulled out of level E_ {1} in a corresponding guide slot, which does not It has been represented here in more detail, as is the case with the crankshaft 2.2, to be able to adjust the angle α and even for be able to adjust a certain level of the conveyor element 3.1.

For example, if the crankshaft 2.1 can move by exiting level E_ {1}, the crankshaft 2.2 could be then eventually set at level E_ {1}. However, it you can also see here that both crankshafts 2.1, 2.2 of the two conveyor elements 3.1, 3.2 can be moved from the level E_ {1} during operation manually and / or automatic

Another advantage of the present invention results in the fact that in this way a step A could be set between the final end 21 of conveyor element 3.1 and the initial end 22 of the conveyor element 3.2. If the material passes for example above the end end 21 of the conveyor element 3.1, it will then fall on the conveyor element 3.2 placed at side, being this way, and due to the fall, turned, which results in a better mixture, stirring and homogenizing the material to classify, especially the mixture of materials.

It is also an advantage that after loading of the conveyor element 3.1, for example by means of the belt conveyor 18, a heavy fraction would slide so rotating from conveyor element 3.1 towards its end initial 22 where it would act as a so-called trap for the heavy material Such material could be transported for a higher classification or for further processing.

Especially the heavy components of a fraction to be classified could thus be separated from the flow of material to be classified and would protect for example the mills or similar here not represented, placed after a R2 device of this type.

The possibility of adjusting the angle of the element conveyor 3.1 by the angle α can result in the adjustment of the separation accuracy of the material flow to classify, which could be separated as a rotating fraction Weighed through the conveyor element 3.1. In this way by example, in the case of a variable flow of material the angle α could be adjusted or changed during operation automatically, if for example the flow of material.

This way you could influence during the operation on the classification of a heavy fraction.

It is also contemplated within the framework of present invention the possibility of fixing two different angles α and β for different material flows for sort in order to adjust the optimum separation accuracy for the heavy rotating fraction.

The remaining fraction, transported by conveyor element 3.1, would then arrive through the step A to the conveyor element 3.2 placed next to it, which could also be tilted by an angle? to be able to eventually classify said material flow in two sub-fractions

In the exemplary embodiment of the present invention according to figure 4, the conveyor element 3.2 is placed for example horizontally and it works simply as a conveyor belt for transporting for example the flow of material to be classified to the conveyor belt 14.3 adjacent.

Claims (11)

1. Device for classification, subdivision of a fraction of eventually different fractions partials of any type based on density and / or grain size with at least one conveyor element (3.1, 3.2), and presenting in particular numerous conveyor slats (4.1 to 4.12) placed side by side that are supported on at least one axis of crankshaft (2.1 to 2.4), in which case the elements conveyors (3.1 and / or 3.2) can be rotated together by a angle (?) and / or by an angle (?), and the elements conveyors (3.1) and / or conveyor elements (3.2), as well as also its conveyor slats (4.1 to 4.6) and (4.7 to 4.12) are placed in such a way that they can be rotated by the movement of the crankshaft (2.1) and / or the crankshaft (2.2). 2. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that at least one conveyor element (3.1) and / or one conveyor element (3.2) is moved out of the flat surface E1. Device according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one conveyor element (3.2) continues adjacent to at least the single conveyor element (3.1). Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one conveyor strip (4.1 to 4.6) is placed next to a second conveyor strip (4.7 to 4.12). Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one conveyor element (3.1) is placed next to the conveyor element (3.2) on a flat level (E1). Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one element (5) with selective pass openings (6) is interchangeably assigned to the conveyor element (3.1, 3.2), especially at least to the single conveyor bar (4.1 to 4.12). Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a conveyor belt (18) is placed for feeding or loading with material above the conveyor element (3.1), especially above the conveyor slats ( 4.1 to 4.6). 8. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a conveyor device (19) for the discharge of a sieved fraction is provided below the conveyor element (3.1 and / or 3.2). Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least the single conveyor element (3.2) continues at least one conveyor element (3.1), and in which at the same time occasionally continues at least one other conveyor element, in which case one end (21) of the conveyor element (3.1) overlaps a starting region (22) of the adjacent conveyor element (3.2) and in which a step (A) has been formed. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the conveyor element (3.1) and / or the conveyor element (3.2) can be freely rotated by an angle (?) And / or an angle ( β) above a flat level (E1). Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the conveyor elements (3.1) and the conveyor elements (3.2), especially their crankshaft shafts (2.1) and / or (2.2), are placed inside of a guide groove (23), being movable manually and / or automatically, in which case an angle (?) and / or an angle (?) can be adjusted with respect to a flat level (E_ {1 }).