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ES2122468T3 - Procedimiento e instalacion de produccion de monoxido de carbono. - Google Patents

Procedimiento e instalacion de produccion de monoxido de carbono.

Info

Publication number
ES2122468T3
ES2122468T3 ES95400751T ES95400751T ES2122468T3 ES 2122468 T3 ES2122468 T3 ES 2122468T3 ES 95400751 T ES95400751 T ES 95400751T ES 95400751 T ES95400751 T ES 95400751T ES 2122468 T3 ES2122468 T3 ES 2122468T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
carbon monoxide
installation
production procedure
head
monoxide production
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES95400751T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jean Billy
Francois Granier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2122468T3 publication Critical patent/ES2122468T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/028—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of noble gases
    • F25J3/0285—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of noble gases of argon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/025—Preparation or purification of gas mixtures for ammonia synthesis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C01B3/506—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification at low temperatures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/40—Carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0223—H2/CO mixtures, i.e. synthesis gas; Water gas or shifted synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0261—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon monoxide
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0276—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of H2/N2 mixtures, i.e. of ammonia synthesis gas
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    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
    • F25J3/04539—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
    • F25J3/04539—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels
    • F25J3/04545—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels for the gasification of solid or heavy liquid fuels, e.g. integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F25J3/04587—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for the NH3 synthesis, e.g. for adjusting the H2/N2 ratio
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/046—Purification by cryogenic separation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/047—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon monoxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/048—Composition of the impurity the impurity being an organic compound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J2200/30—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using a side column in a single pressure column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/72—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/76—Refluxing the column with condensed overhead gas being cycled in a quasi-closed loop refrigeration cycle
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
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    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/42—Modularity, pre-fabrication of modules, assembling and erection, horizontal layout, i.e. plot plan, and vertical arrangement of parts of the cryogenic unit, e.g. of the cold box
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/92—Carbon monoxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/931—Recovery of hydrogen

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

EL MONOXIDO DE CARBONO SE RECUPERA POR VIA CRIOGENICA A PARTIR DE UNA MEZCLA GASEOSA, POR EJEMPLO DEL GAS RESIDUAL DE UNA OPERACION DE LAVADO CON NITROGENO EN LA PREPARACION DE UNA MEZCLA DE SINTESIS DE AMONIACO, CONTENIENDO ESTA MEZCLA MONOXIDO DE CARBONO, HIDROGENO, Y OTROS CONSTITUYENTES COMO EL NITROGENO. EL HIDROGENO SE SEPARA POR CONDENSACION PARCIAL, Y DICHOS OTROS COMPONENTES POR DESTILACION DEL CONDENSADO. EL MONOXIDO DE CARBONO SE PRODUCE POR DESTILACION EN DOS COLUMNAS, UN SOLA DE LAS CUALES TIENE UN CONDENSADOR DE CABEZA ALIMENTADA POR UN CAUDAL DE MONOXIDO DE CARBONO LIQUIDO. UN CAUDAL LIQUIDO ES TRASEGADO A UN NIVEL INTERMEDIO DE LA COLUMNA CON EL CONDENSADOR DE CABEZA Y ENVIADO EN CABEZA DE LA OTRA COLUMNA.
ES95400751T 1994-04-11 1995-04-04 Procedimiento e instalacion de produccion de monoxido de carbono. Expired - Lifetime ES2122468T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9404219A FR2718428B1 (fr) 1994-04-11 1994-04-11 Procédé et installation de production de monoxyde de carbone.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2122468T3 true ES2122468T3 (es) 1998-12-16

Family

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FR2775276B1 (fr) * 1998-02-20 2002-05-24 Air Liquide Procede et installation de production de monoxyde de carbone et d'hydrogene
FR2775275B1 (fr) * 1998-02-20 2000-05-19 Air Liquide Procede et installation pour la production combinee d'un melange de synthese d'ammoniac et de monoxyde de carbone
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FR2780391B1 (fr) * 1998-06-26 2000-10-20 Air Liquide Procede de production de monoxyde de carbone
US6192706B1 (en) 1999-10-05 2001-02-27 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic system for producing carbon monoxide
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EP1479990A1 (en) * 2003-05-19 2004-11-24 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Process and installation for providing a fluid mixture containing at least 10% carbon monoxide
FR2843447B1 (fr) * 2003-09-30 2009-02-06 Air Liquide Procede et installation de production de monoxyde de carbone par distillation cryogenique
FR2916264A1 (fr) * 2006-12-21 2008-11-21 Air Liquide Procede de separation d'un melange de monoxyde de carbone, de methane, d'hydrogene et eventuellement d'azote par distillation cryogenique
FR2910602B1 (fr) 2006-12-21 2012-12-14 Air Liquide Procede et appareil de separation d'un melange comprenant au moins de l'hydrogene, de l'azote et du monoxyde de carbone par distillation cryogenique
FR2912207B1 (fr) * 2007-02-01 2012-10-26 Air Liquide Procede et appareil de production de monoxyde de carbone par distillation cryogenique
CN102186953A (zh) * 2008-08-20 2011-09-14 株式会社Ihi 燃料气化设备
US8640495B2 (en) * 2009-03-03 2014-02-04 Ait Products and Chemicals, Inc. Separation of carbon monoxide from gaseous mixtures containing carbon monoxide
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CN102674347A (zh) * 2012-05-17 2012-09-19 四川亚连科技有限责任公司 一种低温蒸馏制备一氧化碳的方法
FR2991442B1 (fr) * 2012-05-31 2018-12-07 L'air Liquide,Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Appareil et procede de separation cryogenique d'un melange de monoxyde de carbone et de methane ainsi que d'hydrogene et/ou d'azote
EP2845837A1 (en) * 2013-09-09 2015-03-11 Casale SA Process and plant for the production of ammonia make-up gas including production of a hydrogen gas by steam reforming
DE102015016771A1 (de) * 2015-12-23 2017-06-29 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kryogenen Zerlegung von Synthesegas
CN106403500B (zh) * 2016-11-08 2019-03-05 苏州金宏气体股份有限公司 基于膨胀制冷提纯一氧化碳的方法及用于该方法的装置
FR3084453B1 (fr) * 2018-07-25 2020-11-27 Air Liquide Procede et appareil de separation cryogenique d'un melange de monoxyde de carbone, d'hydrogene et de methane pour la production de ch4
ES2831352T3 (es) 2018-09-06 2021-06-08 Air Prod & Chem Doble producción de H2 y CO con regulación de CO
CN109110762B (zh) * 2018-09-25 2023-07-21 江苏宏仁特种气体有限公司 Co的制备装置及方法
CN111981730B (zh) * 2019-05-24 2021-10-01 浙江三花汽车零部件有限公司 一种气液分离器
US20210254891A1 (en) 2020-02-14 2021-08-19 Joseph Michael Schwartz Method for an improved partial condensation carbon monoxide cold box operation
KR102826876B1 (ko) * 2022-04-18 2025-06-30 (주)원익머트리얼즈 저순도 일산화탄소의 정제방법 및 이를 위한 장치

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0676373B1 (fr) 1998-09-16
US5609040A (en) 1997-03-11
CN1265164C (zh) 2006-07-19
CA2146736A1 (fr) 1995-10-12
CA2146736C (fr) 2005-08-09
CN1117574A (zh) 1996-02-28
DE69504735D1 (de) 1998-10-22
JPH0881211A (ja) 1996-03-26
FR2718428A1 (fr) 1995-10-13
EP0676373A1 (fr) 1995-10-11
JP3917198B2 (ja) 2007-05-23
FR2718428B1 (fr) 1997-10-10
DE69504735T2 (de) 1999-05-06

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