ES2198433T3 - Dispositivo de control de retroalimentacion de impedancia para instrumento electroquirurgico. - Google Patents
Dispositivo de control de retroalimentacion de impedancia para instrumento electroquirurgico.Info
- Publication number
- ES2198433T3 ES2198433T3 ES95306723T ES95306723T ES2198433T3 ES 2198433 T3 ES2198433 T3 ES 2198433T3 ES 95306723 T ES95306723 T ES 95306723T ES 95306723 T ES95306723 T ES 95306723T ES 2198433 T3 ES2198433 T3 ES 2198433T3
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Abstract
SE PROPORCIONA UN DISPOSITIVO DE MONITORIZACION DE IMPEDANCIA PARA MONITORIZAR LA IMPEDANCIA ELECTRICA DE TEJIDO CUANDO SE TRATA CON ENERGIA DE ELECTROCIRUGIA. BASADA EN UN MODELO PRONOSTICADO DE IMPEDANCIA DE TEJIDO Y UN NUMERO DE LECTURAS DE IMPEDANCIA INICIAL, SE PRONOSTICA LA IMPEDANCIA EN LA QUE SE COMPLETA EL TRATAMIENTO DEL TEJIDO. MAS PARTICULARMENTE, SE MIDE UN NIVEL DE IMPEDANCIA MINIMO Y UNA FUNCION DE LA IMPEDANCIA MINIMA SE UTILIZA PARA DETERMINAR LA IMPEDANCIA EN LA QUE SE COMPLETA LA COAGULACION. SE PROPORCIONA UN DISPOSITIVO DE CONTROL PARA LLEVAR LA SALIDA DEL GENERADOR DENTRO DE UN RANGO OPTIMO BASADO EN UNA CURVA DE CARGA DEL SISTEMA. EN UNA REALIZACION EL DISPOSITIVO DE MONITORIZACION DE IMPEDANCIA SE UTILIZA JUNTO CON UN EQUIPO ELECTROCIRUGIA BIPOLAR. PREFERIBLEMENTE, EL EQUIPO COMPRENDE ELECTRODOS ELECTRICAMENTE OPUESTOS SITUADOS EN UNA O MAS SUPERFICIES DE ENGANCHE DE TEJIDO PARA ENGANCHAR EL TEJIDO A TRATAR.
Description
Dispositivo de control de retroalimentación de
impedancia para instrumento electroquirúrgico.
Esta invención se refiere al tratamiento
electroquirúrgico de tejido y, en particular, a un procedimiento y
a un aparato para controlar el tratamiento electroquirúrgico de
tejido midiendo la impedancia del tejido que está siendo tratado
mediante un dispositivo electroquirúrgico.
Los generadores electroquirúrgicos se usan para
suministrar energía terapéutica eléctrica a instrumentos
quirúrgicos. Estos instrumentos se usan, por ejemplo, para cortar,
coagular, soldar tejido, extirpar y diseccionar. Tanto los
generadores monopolares como los bipolares típicamente suministran
energía electroquirúrgica en la gama de radiofrecuencia (RF) de
dichos instrumentos. Normalmente dichos generadores incluyen
controles que regulan la tensión y/o la corriente, de tal forma que
se entrega, aproximadamente, un nivel de potencia seleccionado y no
se supera un nivel máximo de potencia.
Cuando se usan dichos generadores de RF, el
control primario es la experiencia del cirujano el cual responde a
lo que observa le está sucediendo al tejido a medida que éste es
tratado con la energía de RF. A menudo, particularmente para
procedimientos endoscópicos, los cirujanos no pueden ver fácilmente
que le está sucediendo al tejido. Además, el cambio en las
propiedades del tejido debido a la energía de RF puede producirse
tan rápidamente que no dé tiempo al cirujano a reaccionar lo
suficientemente rápido para interrumpir el paso de energía
eléctrica al instrumento. Por consiguiente, algunos problemas que
pueden producirse incluyen, el chamuscado del tejido, pegado de
tejido a los electrodos del instrumento quirúrgico, y un
tratamiento en exceso o por defecto.
Se ha reconocido que la impedancia del tejido
cambia a medida que se aplica energía de RF al tejido. Se han
realizado intentos para controlar la energía entregada al tejido a
medida que cambia la impedancia de este. Por ejemplo, se ha
controlado la intensidad en función del cambio en la tensión o la
potencia entregada por el generador al tejido. El cociente
diferencial de la impedancia del tejido a medida que se aplica
potencia de RF al tejido se ha utilizado para determinar un nivel
inicial de potencia y para desconectar la potencia de RF cuando el
cociente diferencial de la impedancia alcanza un valor
preestablecido (véase el documento DE 3120102).
A pesar de estas disposiciones de control, existe
una necesidad continua para mejorar el control de la entrega
electroquirúrgica de energía al tejido y/o para determinar cuando
el tratamiento del tejido ha alcanzado un nivel óptimo.
En particular, existe la necesidad de
proporcionar un dispositivo y un procedimiento para determinar el
punto final de coagulación para una variedad o un intervalo de
impedancia de tejido, debida, por ejemplo, a una composición
variante de tejido, tipos de tejido y zonas y/o volúmenes de tejido
tratados.
La presente invención se refiere a un dispositivo
y a un procedimiento del tipo descrito en el documento
EP-A-0 640 317.
La presente invención proporciona un dispositivo
de control, como se define en la reivindicación 1. Puede comprender
un dispositivo de monitorización de impedancia, el cual monitoriza
la impedancia de tejido entre polos de un instrumento terapéutico
electroquirúrgico. Basado en un modelo de comportamiento esperado a
lo largo del tiempo de la impedancia de tejido con la entrega de
energía electroquirúrgica, la impedancia monitorizada del tejido se
utiliza para determinar el estado del tejido. Éste se describirá
con más detalle en lo que sigue. Se provee una señal que indica el
estado del tejido, tanto a un usuario como a un controlador de
instrumento. El dispositivo también puede incluir un conmutador que
desconecta automáticamente la energía eléctrica al finalizar el
tratamiento.
De acuerdo con la presente invención, se provee
un monitor de impedancia de tejido el cual mide continuamente la
impedancia de tejido a medida que se entrega energía eléctrica al
tejido. De acuerdo con conocidos modelos de impedancia de tejido,
la impedancia de tejido inicialmente cae a medida que se aplica
energía eléctrica y, a continuación, comienza a aumentar de nuevo a
medida que se produce la coagulación. La presente invención provee
establecer un valor para la impedancia mínima, es decir, cuando la
impedancia esté en su valor más bajo a medida que se aplica
energía. A continuación, el valor anticipado de la impedancia para
proporcionar el efecto deseado de tejido está determinado
calculando una función seccionada de la impedancia mínima
establecida. Cuando la impedancia medida aumenta hasta el nivel del
valor de la impedancia para el resultado deseado, por ejemplo, la
coagulación, la soldadura de tejido o un nivel de diatermia, el
instrumento indicará o proporcionará una respuesta para dicho
evento. La presente invención está adaptada preferentemente para que
se detecte la condición para un intervalo de impedancias esperadas
de tejido, el cual varía en función del tipo de tejido, área y/o
volumen.
En una realización preferida, la condición
deseada de tejido es cuando la coagulación ha finalizado. Cuando
este punto se ha alcanzado, se proporciona una señal de
retroalimentación hasta una unidad de control o al usuario, en cuyo
instante el suministro de energía se desconecta. La señal de
retroalimentación puede, por ejemplo, proporcionar una señal
visual, audible o táctil a un usuario, y/o puede proporcionar
instrucciones a una unidad de control para desconectar
automáticamente la energía suministrada al tejido.
Opcionalmente, el dispositivo también puede
incluir un conmutador, adaptado para desconectar energía eléctrica
cuando se detecta una condición de cortocircuito, de circuito
abierto o cuando el dispositivo está funcionando, es decir,
suministrando corriente o tensión durante un tiempo máximo
preestablecido.
Según un aspecto de la presente invención, un
aparato electroquirúrgico para coagular tejido durante un
procedimiento quirúrgico comprende un efector de extremo con
superficies opuestas de interfaz que pueden estar cerradas una hacia
la otra para enganchar tejido para ser tratado
electroquirúrgicamente. Preferentemente, el efector de extremo
incluye elementos primero y segundo móviles uno respecto del otro
para enganchar tejido a ser coagulado entre ellos. Al menos uno de
los polos eléctricos del instrumento está formado por un electrodo
asociado con al menos uno de los elementos primero y segundo. El
electrodo está en contacto con el tejido a ser coagulado. Un
controlador de potencia sensible a una señal de control de
potencia, proporciona energía de RF al tejido que está en contacto
con el (los) electrodo(s) de los elementos primero y/o
segundo.
La circuitería de medida de la impedancia está
acoplada a la salida del generador de RF y mide la impedancia del
tejido entre electrodos correspondiente a los polos primero y
segundo. La circuitería de retroalimentación está acoplada a la
circuitería de medida de la impedancia. La circuitería de
retroalimentación incluye un primer dispositivo para determinar un
valor mínimo de impedancia y retener el mencionado valor mínimo de
impedancia. Un segundo dispositivo proporciona un umbral que
determina el circuito acoplado al primer dispositivo. El umbral que
determina el circuito determina un valor impedancia umbral en
función del valor mínimo de impedancia retenido.
El circuito de determinación del umbral puede
comprender un dispositivo analógico para determinar la función de
impedancia mínima o un circuito digital que incluya, por ejemplo,
una tabla de consulta para determinar el valor impedancia umbral en
función de un valor de entrada mínimo de impedancia.
Una vez determinado el valor umbral, un primer
comparador compara el valor medido de la impedancia con el valor
impedancia umbral y genera una señal de control de potencia al
controlador de potencia para controlar la energía de RF entregada
al tejido sobre la condición del valor medido de impedancia que
supera el valor impedancia umbral.
Un controlador de potencia puede incluir al menos
un conmutador eléctrico para suministrar selectivamente energía de
RF al instrumento para coagular tejido situado entre los elementos
primero y segundo.
El controlador de potencia puede desconectar
selectivamente la potencia suministrada al tejido bajo un cierto
número de condiciones. El controlador puede ser usado para
desconectar potencia cuando un valor medido de impedancia supera el
valor impedancia umbral, cuando existe una condición de circuito
abierto o de corto circuito, o si la tensión y la corriente
suministradas durante un periodo de tiempo supera un máximo.
Otro aspecto de la presente invención proporciona
un dispositivo de control para llevar la salida de energía del
generador dentro de un intervalo óptimo determinado mediante una
curva de carga del sistema. El dispositivo de control utiliza la
impedancia medida de carga para determinar la salida deseada de
nivel de energía y compara la salida deseada de energía con la
energía real entregada a un blanco que incluye tejido. El
dispositivo de control toma la comparación resultante y controla la
salida del generador en consecuencia.
Aunque el instrumento puede ser un dispositivo
monopolar o un dispositivo multipolar, que incluya dos o más de dos
polos, el efector de extremo incluye, preferentemente, dos
electrodos eléctricamente opuestos que se corresponden con dos
polos eléctricamente opuestos.
En el dispositivo bipolar preferido, los
electrodos eléctricamente opuestos de cada uno de los polos están
situados sobre una o sobre ambas superficies opuestas. Cada uno de
los polos primero y segundo eléctricamente opuestos comprende al
menos electrodo en contacto con el tejido. Los electrodos están
dispuestos sobre el extremo distal del dispositivo electroquirúrgico
de tal forma que cuando los elementos primero y segundo se cierran
juntos para enganchar tejido, electrodos opuestos están situados
entre una parte del tejido engarzado. El circuito de monitorización
de la impedancia monitoriza la impedancia del tejido entre los
electrodos durante la entrega de energía de RF a través de este
tejido. Como se describe en lo que antecede, se mide una impedancia
mínima a partir de la cual se calcula la impedancia umbral. Un
comparador compara los valores medidos de impedancia con el valor
determinado de impedancia umbral y genera una señal de control para
desconectar la potencia de RF entregada al tejido, bajo la
condición del valor medido de impedancia que supera el valor
impedancia umbral.
En una realización preferida cada uno de los
electrodos que se corresponden con el primer polo son desplazados
respecto de la superficie de interfaz de cada uno de los electrodos
correspondiente con el polo segundo. Con otras palabras, los
electrodos son desplazados unos de otros de tal forma que no estén
diametralmente opuestos unos de otros sobre superficies de interfaz,
o que estén separados y aislados entre sí sobre la misma
superficie.
En la realización preferida, el instrumento
electroquirúrgico comprende tejido en una zona de compresión entre
la primera superficie de interfaz y la segunda superficie de
interfaz y aplica energía eléctrica a través de la zona de
compresión. Más preferentemente, la zona de compresión es un área
definida mediante un borde con forma de sierra de compresión sobre
una de las superficies de interfaz la cual comprime el tejido
contra la otra superficie de interfaz. Alternativamente o además,
puede haber un borde de compresión con forma de sierra sobre ambas
superficies de interfaz.
Una relación incluye un elemento de corte
asociado con un efector de extremo. El elemento de corte está
dispuesto para cortar tejido en o cerca del lugar de coagulación.
Preferentemente, la coagulación finaliza antes de cualquier corte
mecánico o de cualquier otro tipo en o alrededor del lugar de
coagulación. Una vez el tejido está coagulado o ha cauterizado, el
elemento de corte se puede utilizar para cortar a través del tejido
coagulado, o entre dos zonas de coagulación de tejido.
En otra realización, el dispositivo hemostático
está incorporado en un cortador lineal similar a una grapadora
mecánica de corte lineal. En esta realización el dispositivo
hemostático comprende dos barras de electrodos sustancialmente
paralelas y alargadas, las cuales están asociadas con un polo, y una
ranura para cortar medios para desplazarse entre las barras.
Opcionalmente, se pueden proveer una o más filas de grapas en cada
lado de la ranura y de las barras para proporcionar hemostasis
adicional.
Durante el funcionamiento, el tejido se grapa
entre dos mandíbulas del instrumento, y la energía eléctrica en
forma de energía de frecuencia de radio (``RF'') se suministra al
tejido comprimido para coagular o cauterizar los vasos sanguíneos a
lo largo de dos barras esencialmente paralelas. En función de la
modelación del dispositivo con esta configuración específica de
electrodo, una función apropiada de la impedancia mínima se
incorpora en el circuito de retroalimentación de impedancia para
determinar un nivel de impedancia umbral adecuado. Se usa un
mecanismo de advertencia para advertir al usuario cuando la
impedancia está fuera del intervalo o supera el nivel de impedancia
umbral. También la señal de advertencia puede ser dirigida a un
circuito de control o controlador de potencia adaptado para
proporcionar, a continuación, una respuesta al instrumento
adecuada, incluyendo, cuando sea oportuno, el apagado de la energía
de RF entregada al tejido.
Otros objetivos y ventajas de la invención serán
evidentes a partir de la descripción, de los dibujos que se
acompañan y de las reivindicaciones que siguen.
La figura 1 es una vista lateral de un
instrumento bipolar de electrocirugía endoscópica que puede operar
de acuerdo con la presente invención;
la figura 2 es una vista parcial en sección
transversal del extremo distal del instrumento de la figura 1 en una
posición abierta;
la figura 3 es una vista parcial en sección
transversal del extremo distal del instrumento en la figura 1 en una
posición cerrada, sin disparar;
la figura 4 es una vista parcial en sección
transversal del extremo distal del instrumento en una posición
cerrada, disparada;
la figura 5 es una vista frontal en sección
transversal del extremo distal del instrumento de la figura 1 a lo
largo de la línea 5-5;
las figuras 6-9 representan un
diagrama esquemático de bloques de un aparato de monitorización de
la impedancia controlado por microprocesador para controlar la
energía de RF entregada por el instrumento electroquirúrgico de la
figura 1;
la figura 10 es un diagrama esquemático de
bloques de una realización analógica del controlador para usar en el
aparato de la figura 1;
la figura 11 es un diagrama lógico del
controlador de la figura 10 que ilustra la lógica de control para
el control de salida de RF; y
la figura 12 es una curva característica que
ilustra el cambio en la impedancia a lo largo del tiempo durante la
aplicación de energía electroquirúrgica al tejido que usa el
instrumento electroquirúrgico en la figura 1.
Mientras que la presente invención es
generalmente aplicable a una variedad de instrumentos
electroquirúrgicos, tanto monopolar como multipolar, y tanto
convencionales como endoscópicos, serán descritos en la memoria
haciendo referencia a un instrumento bipolar de corte lineal.
La propuesta primaria del dispositivo de
monitorización de impedancia ha de determinar si el tejido ha sido
tratado hasta un grado deseado. Preferentemente, este tratamiento
se completa cuando el tejido ha sido cauterizado y antes del pegado
de tejido excesivo, quemando o carbonizando se produzca. La
impedancia del tejido, a medida que está siendo calentado con
energía electroquirúrgica, sigue generalmente una curva
característica de la impedancia de tejido. De acuerdo con la curva
de impedancia, generalmente la impedancia se reducirá, llega a un
valor mínimo, y, a continuación, se eleva a medida que se produce la
coagulación y la desecación de tejido. En una impedancia o dentro
de un intervalo de impedancias sobre una curva característica,
predeciblemente la coagulación puede ocurrir.
La figura 12 es una curva característica de
impedancia que ilustra el cambio en la impedancia de tejido a lo
largo del tiempo, durante la aplicación de energía electroquirúrgica
que usa el instrumento electroquirúrgico ilustrado en las figuras
1-5. La presente invención determina una impedancia
umbral sobre la curva en la cual se ha producido la coagulación,
Z_{blanco} 46. Esta impedancia se basa en el valor de la
impedancia más baja sobre la curva, Z_{min} 45, es decir, cuando
la impedancia deja de caer y comienza a aumentar. Se usa una función
de la impedancia mínima f(Z_{min}) para predecir un punto
en el cual se produce la coagulación, Z_{blanco} 46.
Haciendo referencia ahora a la figura 10, aquí se
ilustra un diagrama esquemático de bloques de una realización
analógica del dispositivo de monitorización de impedancia de la
presente invención. El dispositivo de monitorización de impedancia
determina cuando ha finalizado la coagulación así como otros
parámetros del instrumento, por ejemplo, si hay un circuito abierto,
un corto circuito o si se suministra tensión y corriente al tejido
durante un tiempo superior al máximo predeterminado. Dichas
condiciones pueden indicar un problema con el instrumento y/o el
tejido engarzado mediante el instrumento. Por ejemplo, si se
engarza tejido excesivo, no suficiente o tejido inapropiado por el
instrumento.
El instrumento 10 se coloca para enganchar tejido
a ser tratado. A continuación, cuando esté colocado
inapropiadamente, se suministra la energía RF al tejido.
Un generador 70 suministra energía de RF al
tejido engarzado por el efector 15 de extremo del instrumento 10.
Preferentemente, de 30 a 200 V_{RMS} a una frecuencia
fundamental, preferentemente de una forma de onda sinusoidal a una
frecuencia de aproximadamente 300 kHz a 3 MHz se suministra con una
corriente de unos 0,1 a 4,0 A. El generador 70 se enciende mediante
un conmutador 42 accionado por un usuario. El conmutador 72
accionado por el usuario proporciona una señal al controlador 79
para accionar la energía. La salida 129 del controlador está
acoplada a un conmutador analógico 130. Cuando la salida 129 provee
una señal ``RF on'' al conmutador, 130, un oscilador 72, acoplado a
un multiplicador 75 analógico a través del conmutador 130
suministra una tensión de una frecuencia conocida al multiplicador
75 analógico. La salida del multiplicador 75 analógico está acoplada
a un controlador 76 el cual está acoplado a la entrada de un
amplificador 71 de RF. Una señal amplificada de RF se suministra
mediante el generador 70 a un circuito 80 el cual incluye el primer
electrodo 39 y el segundo electrodo (yunque 18) de instrumento 10, y
del tejido 43 a ser tratado por el instrumento 10.
La corriente y la tensión suministrada al tejido
se mide y se determina una corriente RMS (``I_{RMS}'') y una
tensión RMS (``V_{RMS}'').
Un sensor 81 de tensión y corriente detecta la
corriente y la tensión suministrada al tejido. El sensor 81 de
tensión y corriente incluye un transformador 82 de corriente de
baja impedancia en serie con el generador 70; y un transformador 83
de tensión de alta impedancia conectado en paralelo con el
generador 70. Preferentemente, el transformador 82 de corriente
tiene, por ejemplo, una relación de espiras de 1:20 y una
resistencia de 50 ohm en paralelo con el secundario del
transformador. Preferentemente, el transformador 83 de tensión
tiene, por ejemplo, una relación de espiras de 20:1 y una
resistencia de 1 kohm en paralelo con el secundario del
transformador.
La salida del transformador 82 de corriente se
acopla a un convertidor 84 RMS. El convertidor 84 RMS convierte la
corriente detectada a una señal de c.c. para proporcionar salida
86, representativa del I_{RMS}. La salida del transformador 83 de
tensión está acoplada a un convertidor 85 RMS. El convertidor 85
RMS convierte la señal de tensión a una señal de c.c. y proporciona
una salida 87, representativa de V_{RMS}.
La impedancia medida, Z, se calcula, a
continuación, a partir de la I_{RMS} y V_{RMS} medidas. Las
salidas 87, 85 de V_{RMS} e I_{RMS} son suministradas a un
divisor 88 analógico el cual divide la V_{RMS} mediante la
corriente I_{RMS} para proporcionar una señal 89 de salida
representativa de la impedancia medida, Z.
A partir de la I_{RMS}, V_{RMS} y de la
impedancia medida, Z, el dispositivo de monitorización de
impedancia determina si existe una condición de corto circuito o de
circuito abierto, si la tensión y la corriente han sido entregados
durante un tiempo que supera un máximo predeterminado, y si la
coagulación ha finalizado.
Una condición de corto circuito se determina
comparando la impedancia medida, Z, respecto de un umbral
predeterminado de impedancia de corto circuito en o por debajo del
cual es probable que exista un corto circuito (``Z_{SC}''). Si la
Z medida está en o por debajo de la Z_{SC}, se proporciona una
señal de corto circuito al controlador.
La señal 89 de impedancia se introduce en un
detector 90 de corto circuito constituido por un comparador. La
entrada 92 positiva del comparador se conecta a un potenciómetro 93
el cual establece la impedancia umbral, Z_{SC}. Cuando la señal
89 de impedancia hace que la entrada en la entrada 94 positiva, se
produce una condición ``on'' en la salida 95 del comparador 91. Esta
condición se comunica con un controlador 79 lógico el cual provee
una respuesta preprogramada de instrumento, el cual, en esta
realización, incluye el apagado de la energía de RF.
Existe una condición de circuito abierto si hay
una tensión entre los electrodos 18, 39 y no hay corriente. Un
circuito abierto se detecta como sigue: si el V_{RMS} está por
encima de un umbral mínimo predeterminado que indica una tensión,
V_{umbral}, y el I_{RMS} está por debajo de un umbral de
corriente mínimo que indique una corriente, I_{umbral}, entonces
se proporciona una señal de circuito abierto a un controlador.
Un detector 106 de umbral de corriente incluye un
potenciómetro 107 acoplado a la salida negativa 108. El
potenciómetro 107 establece el nivel I_{umbral} de tal forma que
cuando una corriente está presente, el detector de corriente 106 la
indicará como tal. La señal 86 I_{RMS} está conectada a la entrada
109 positiva del comparador 106. De esta forma, cuando la I_{RMS}
sea mayor que el valor, I_{umbral}, establecido por el
potenciómetro 107, aparece una tensión positiva en la salida 110
del detector 106 de umbral de corriente.
Análogamente, un detector 113 de umbral de
tensión incluye un potenciómetro 114 conectado a la salida negativa
115. El potenciómetro 114 establece el umbral de tensión en el cual
el detector 113 de umbral registra una salida positiva,
V_{umbral} cuando una tensión mínima está presente. La señal 86
I_{RMS} está conectada a la entrada de la entrada 116 positiva
del detector 113 umbral. De esta forma, si el V_{RMS} supera la
V_{umbral} establecida por el potenciómetro 114, aparece una
tensión positiva en la salida 117 del detector 113 de umbral de
corriente.
La salida 117 del detector 113 de umbral de
tensión también está acoplado a una puerta 111 Y y la salida 110 del
detector 106 umbral de corriente está acoplado a una entrada 112
invertida de la puerta 111 Y. La puerta 111 Y actúa como un
detector de circuito abierto. Cuando la V_{RMS} supera el
V_{umbral} y allí donde la I_{RMS} no supera la I_{umbral},
aparecerá un 1 lógico en la salida 120 de la puerta 111 Y que
indica un circuito abierto. La salida 120 de la puerta 111 Y está
acoplada al controlador 79 para comunicar el estado de circuito
abierto.
Si se suministra corriente o tensión durante un
largo periodo de tiempo y no se ha detectado una condición de
coagulación terminada, ello puede indicar, por ejemplo, que el
instrumento no está sujeto sobre el tejido o que se ha producido un
funcionamiento defectuoso. Si el V_{RMS} está por encima de la
V_{umbral} predeterminada o la I_{RMS} está por encima de la
I_{umbral}, entonces se activa un temporizador. Si el
temporizador está encendido durante un periodo de tiempo superior a
un tiempo máximo predeterminado, T_{máx}, entonces se provee al
controlador una señal de tiempo terminado. Si la duración del
temporizador encendido no es superior al T_{máx}, entonces el
dispositivo continua suministrando corriente de RF al tejido y
continua midiendo corriente, tensión e impedancia, etc., como se
describió en lo que antecede.
La salida 110 del detector 106 de umbral de
corriente está acoplada a una puerta 118 O la cual está acoplada a
un temporizador 121. Si la I_{RMS} supera la I_{umbral}, la
salida 110 del detector 106 umbral de corriente presentará un 1
lógico a la puerta 118 O la cual encenderá, a continuación, el
temporizador 121.
Análogamente, la salida 117 del detector 113 de
umbral de tensión está acoplada a la puerta 118 O. Si la
V_{umbral} está superada por V_{RMS}, la puerta 118 O
presentará un 1 lógico en su salida 119 y encenderá el controlador
121. La salida 123 del temporizador 121 está acoplada al
controlador 79. Cuando el temporizador 121 ha sido activado durante
un tiempo que supera un tiempo umbral preestablecido, T_{máx}, la
salida 123 será un 1 lógico. El temporizador se pone a cero con el
conmutador 42 activado del usuario, el cual está acoplado a la
entrada 122 de puesta a cero del temporizador, cuando el instrumento
10 se pone a cero.
Una condición de coagulación completa se
determina como sigue: primero se determina Z_{min}. A
continuación, se calcula una impedancia blanco, Z_{blanco}, en la
cual ha terminado la coagulación, como una función de la impedancia
mínima. La impedancia inicial, Z_{min}, Z_{blanco}, pendiente de
la curva de impedancia, y el tiempo para finalizarla pueden variar
para una aplicación dada y/o instrumento, pero tiende a
correlacionarse con una función de impedancia mínima. En función
del instrumento usado y/o del resultado real deseado, la función
real de impedancia mínima puede variar. En esta realización
f(Z_{min}) particular es lineal: f(Z_{min}) = 0,2Z
+ 500. Esta función está limitada, es decir, donde Z_{min} es
> 560 ohm, entonces, Z_{blanco} es Z_{min} + 50 ohm.
f(Z_{min}) puede ser una función diferente. Puede ser
continua, discontinua, lineal, no lineal, una aproximación en el
sentido de la pieza y/o en forma de una tabla de consulta.
f(Z_{min}) también puede estar limitada en distintos
valores.
La señal de impedancia 89 se usa para determinar
coagulación de tejido como sigue: primero, se determina si la Z
medida es una impedancia mínima, Z_{min}. La señal 89 de
impedancia se invierte y se desplaza mediante un inversor 96 de
desplazamiento de ganancia. La salida del inversor 96 de
desplazamiento de ganancia esta, a su vez, acoplada a un detector
97 de pico. La salida 102 del inversor de desplazamiento de
ganancia es representativa de una Z medida invertida y desplazada,
es decir, (-Z + k). Z_{min} será ahora el valor desplazado más
alto de (-Z + k) encontrado.
El detector 97 de pico detecta y mantiene de este
modo el valor más alto de la impedancia, Z, medida invertida y
desplazada la cual es Z_{min}. Cuando se ha producido Z_{min},
la salida 103 del detector 97 de pico es representativa de
(-Z_{min} + k). La energía de RF es continuada para ser aplicada
al tejido y a la monitorización para corto circuito, circuito
abierto y tiempo finalizado, así como mirar a una Z_{min}
continúa hasta que una Z sea igual a Z_{blanco}.
Cuando se ha determinado la Z_{min}, función de
la Z_{min}, se calcula [f(Z_{min})] para proporcionar
una impedancia, Z_{blanco}, en la cual se finaliza el tratamiento
(coagulación). La salida 103 del detector 97 de pico está acoplada
a un circuito 98 que determina el umbral el cual calcula la función
de Z_{min} para determinar el Z_{blanco}. La salida 99 del
circuito que determina el umbral es representativa de Z_{blanco}
cuando la impedancia medida es igual a Z_{min}.
Se hace una comparación continua entre Z y
f(Z_{min}). Se debe destacar aquí que f(Z_{min})
se calcula continuamente como f(Z) hasta que se detecta una
Z_{min}. La comparación se hace continuamente entre Z y
f(Z) hasta que se determina Z_{min}. Esto no tiene una
consecuencia significativa, sin embargo, pues se anticipó que
f(Z) será mayor que Z durante el tratamiento del tejido y,
por lo tanto, no se producirá una señal de finalización prematura de
la coagulación.
Si la Z medida es menor o igual que la
Z_{blanco}, entonces se sigue suministrando la energía de RF y
las etapas descritas en lo que antecede son llevadas a cabo hasta
que se haya proporcionado una señal al controlador de que hay una
señal de circuito abierto, señal de corto circuito, una señal de
tiempo finalizado, o una señal de coagulación finalizada. Si la Z
medida es mayor que o igual a la ``Z_{blanco}'' entonces se
provee una señal al controlador de que la coagulación ha
finalizado. De nuevo, es de destacar que en esta realización, Z ha
sido invertida y cambiada con el fin de acomodar la determinación de
Z_{min} vía el detector 97 de pico. Los valores de impedancia a
los que se hace referencia este párrafo, son los valores reales de
impedancia.
La salida 99, Z_{blanco}, del circuito 98 que
determina el umbral está acoplada a la entrada 101 positiva, de un
comparador OP amp 100. La salida 102 del inversor 96 desplazado en
ganancia está acoplada a la entrada 104 negativa del comparador
100. El comparador 100 compara el valor representativo -Z + k el
cual es introducido en la entrada 104 negativa del comparador 100,
al valor representativo Z_{blanco} el cual se calcula como una
función de -Z_{min} + k. Si -Z + k es inferior o igual que el
Z_{blanco}, la salida 105 del comparador será positiva. Esto es,
si la Z medida es mayor que f(Z_{min}), aparecerá una
señal de coagulación finalizada en la salida 105 del comparador
100.
Se provee una señal a un controlador para cada
condición que indique si existe o no una condición dada. En función
de la existencia de una o más de estas condiciones, la energía de
RF es apagada automáticamente por el controlador. La figura 11
ilustra la lógica del sistema del controlador 79. El controlador 79
incluye una entrada 124 de corto circuito, una entrada 125 de
coagulación finalizada, una entrada 126 de circuito abierto y una
entrada 127 de tiempo finalizado, así como una entrada 128 de
puesta a cero. El controlador 79 también incluye una salida 129 de
control de RF la cual conmuta a apagado y/o encendido la entrega del
generador de RF de energía electroquirúrgica al tejido. En tanto la
salida 129 sea un 1 lógico, la RF está encendida. La salida 129 es
un 1 lógico cuando todas las entradas de coagulación finalizada
125, tiempo finalizado 127, corto circuito 124, circuito abierto
126 y de puesta a cero 127, están en un ``0'' lógico. Si una
cualquiera o más de las entradas 124, 125, 126, 127, 128 están en
un ``1'' lógico, la salida 129 de control de RF es un ``0'' lógico
y la RF se apaga.
Una realización preferida proporciona un
dispositivo de control el cual controla la salida de energía del
generador en función de la impedancia de carga. La impedancia de
carga se usa para determinar un nivel preferido de energía, por
ejemplo, tensión, corriente o nivel de potencia, en función de una
curva específica de carga del sistema para un generador,
instrumento y/o aplicación. El dispositivo de control compara, a
continuación, el real nivel de energía para la impedancia medida
con el nivel deseado de energía, y ajusta la salida del generador
de acuerdo con la diferencia entre los dos, es decir,
preferentemente para minimizar la diferencia entre los dos.
La curva específica de carga refleja,
preferentemente, la tensión, la corriente, la potencia para un
intervalo de impedancia que optimizará las prestaciones del
instrumento. La curva de carga puede tener varias formas, por
ejemplo, puede ser continua o puede ser escalonada. La curva de
carga puede variar de generador a generador, para un instrumento
particular que se use con el generador, o para una aplicación
particular electroquirúrgica del generador. Por ejemplo, en una
realización que usa un instrumento, tal como la descrita en la
memoria, se han identificado tres intervalos de impedancia en los
cuales existen diferentes requisitos de energía: inicialmente la
impedancia de tejido está en un intervalo inferior, es decir,
aproximadamente entre 20 a 100 ohm. En los intervalos inferiores,
se requiere más corriente para proporcionar potencia necesaria para
iniciar la coagulación de tejido. Un segundo intervalo medio de
impedancias, por ejemplo, aproximadamente de 100 a 500 ohm,
requiere potencia suficiente para mantener el proceso de
coagulación. Un tercer intervalo de mayores impedancias que ocurre
típicamente hacia la finalización de la coagulación, por ejemplo,
aproximadamente a 500 ohm y a más, precisa que la tensión esté
limitada para impedir el chisporroteo y el pegado del tejido. Así,
la curva de carga del sistema en esta realización reflejaría tanto
las características inherentes de la salida del generador y de
tensión en la cual la potencia óptima se entrega para una
impedancia particular, así como los requisitos específicos de
potencia para un instrumento y una aplicación predeterminados.
Haciendo referencia a la figura 10, se ilustra un
generador con un dispositivo de servocontrol en bucle. La señal 89
de impedancia y la señal 87 de tensión V_{RMS} son
retroalimentadas al generador 70 a través de un dispositivo de
control, que comprende un dispositivo 61 de ajuste de función y un
amplificador 62 de error. El dispositivo de control hace que el
generador 70 produzca tensiones dentro de un intervalo deseado en
función de una impedancia de carga instalada en una curva
específica de carga.
La impedancia 89 se alimenta a un dispositivo 61
de ajuste de función. La salida 64 del dispositivo 61 de ajuste de
función representa una tensión deseada en la impedancia 89 de
entrada. La función deseada de tensión es la tensión requerida para
el generador 70 para producir una curva de carga particular
predeterminada. La salida 64 deseada de tensión junto con la
tensión real, se alimentó en un amplificador 62 de error. La salida
65 del amplificador 62 de error representa una tensión de error, la
cual se alimenta en un multiplicador 75 analógico a través de un
diodo 77.
Alternativamente, la corriente, la potencia u
otro parámetro de energía puede ser usado para controlar la salida
de la fuente de energía del generador 70. Una señal correspondiente
a la impedancia del blanco se introduce en el dispositivo de ajuste
de función que proporciona una corriente, potencia u otro parámetro
de energía de salida deseado, el cual es comparado, a continuación,
con la corriente, potencia y otro parámetro de energía medido o
calculado.
El diodo 77 asegura una primera operación de
cuadrante del multiplicador 75 analógico. El multiplicador 75
analógico funciona como un modulador en amplitud del oscilador 72,
tal que grandes tensiones de error en la salida 65 se traducen en
grandes salidas desde el amplificador 71 de RF. Y pequeñas tensiones
de error de salida 65 se traducen en una salida de RF más pequeña
desde el amplificador 71 de RF. Así, el generador 70 actúa como un
servosistema de bucle cerrado basado en tensión, tal que se obtiene
una curva deseada de carga. El dispositivo 63 de compensación del
bucle actúa para estabilizar el bucle del servo. Si se usa un
parámetro eléctrico distinto de la tensión, la función de
instalación de la forma da como salida preferentemente, una señal
que refleja la diferencia en el parámetro de energía
alternativo.
Haciendo referencia ahora a las figuras
6-9 un diagrama de flujo ilustra un procedimiento
para llevar a cabo una realización controlada por microprocesador
de la presente invención. Cuando el sistema se enciende (bloque
200), las variables que incluyen Z_{min}, V_{umbral},
I_{umbral}, tiempo finalizado, y Zinicial, son inicializadas
(bloque 201). El sistema continua buscando la activación del
conmutador de RF (bloque 202). Cuando el conmutador de RF se
enciende, los interruptores se configuran para conmutar en RF
(bloque 203), para corto circuito (bloque 204), y circuito abierto
(bloque 205) de tal forma que cuando se produce una de estas
condiciones de interrupción, el microprocesador automáticamente va a
las instrucciones asociadas con el bloque 234.
Una vez que los interruptores estén configurados,
el temporizador se pone en marcha (bloque 206). Una secuencia es
ejecutar la comprobación de la salud (bloque 207) del amplificador
de RF, por ejemplo, buscar una señal Amplificador encendido o
comprobar si ciertas tensiones están en un intervalo adecuado. Si el
amplificador está funcionando adecuadamente, la energía de RF se
enciende (bloques 208 y 209).
Si el amplificador no funciona correctamente, se
realiza una solicitud de apagado de RF (bloques 209 y 210) y se
establece (bloque 211) una marca de alerta de fallo del equipo
físico. El sistema busca una marca de fallo del equipo físico
(233). Cuando se detecta el fallo del equipo físico, el controlador
proporciona una indicación de alerta por fallo del equipo físico y
apaga (bloques 243 y 244).
Si no se indica (bloque 233) el fallo del equipo
físico, a continuación, se leen V_{RMS} e I_{RMS} para
determinar si se está suministrando al sistema (bloque 236) alguna
tensión o corriente. Cuando el sistema se inicializa por primera
vez, hasta que se alcance la instrucción que enciende la energía en
el bloque 209, no habrá corriente o tensión. Si hay una tensión o
corriente con la solicitud de RF desactivada, a continuación, hay
un fallo del equipo físico. Una alerta por fallo del equipo físico
se indica y el programa se detiene (bloques 243 y 244).
Si la energía de RF está encendida (bloque 209),
entonces las V_{RMS} e I_{RMS} son leídas y la impedancia Z, se
calcula dividiendo el V_{RMS} por el I_{RMS} (bloque 212). El
controlador comprueba si las marcas Vactivada e Iactivada están
configuradas (bloque 213). Estas marcas se establecen cuando está
presente una tensión mínima umbral y una corriente mínima umbral se
entrega a través de los electrodos del dispositivo (bloques 214,
215, 216 y 217).
Si las marcas Vactivado e Iactivado están
configuradas (213) el soporte lógico de la información busca una
condición de tiempo finalizado para determinar si el dispositivo ha
estado encendido durante un periodo de tiempo superior al máximo.
Si se reconoce una condición de tiempo finalizado, se coloca la
marca de temporizador, la energía de RF se apaga (bloques 218 y
219) y se ejecuta una comprobación de fallo del equipo físico
(bloque 233).
Tras buscar una condición de tiempo finalizado,
el controlador comprueba una condición de corto circuito o de
circuito abierto. Si existe un corto circuito o un circuito
abierto, el correspondiente bit de corto circuito o de circuito
abierto se configura (bloque 220), la energía de RF se apaga (bloque
221) y se ejecuta (bloque 233) una comprobación de fallo del equipo
físico.
El controlador comprueba de nuevo la Vactiva y la
Iactiva en el bloque 222, antes de proceder con la parte del
circuito que determina el umbral, ilustrado en la figura 8. Si la
tensión o la corriente no superan V_{umbral} o I_{umbral} en
los bloques 214 y 216, el controlador itera la secuencia comenzando
en el bloque 212 para detectar tiempo finalizado, corto circuito,
circuito abierto, es decir, permitir la detección de la coagulación
finalizada. Esto permite que el dispositivo espere hasta que se
entregue bastante corriente y tensión al circuito para comprobar la
condición de coagulación finalizada.
Si las marcas Vactiva e Iactiva, los bits de
corto circuito y de circuito abierto están configurados (bloque
220), y la condición de tiempo finalizado ya no existe (bloque
219), la impedancia medida usada para determinar si la coagulación
ha finalizado como sigue.
La marca inicial Z se configura durante la
primera iteración y Z_{min} se asigna inicialmente al valor
(bloque 223-225) de la impedancia medida.
Inicialmente, Z_{min} es la misma que la impedancia medida y, de
este modo, el bloque 227 es derivado en el bloque 226. Se realiza
un cálculo de f(Z_{min}) (bloque 228). En tanto la
impedancia medida es menor que la f(Z_{min}), la secuencia
se itera (229, 231). En la siguiente iteración de bloques
223-231, la reciente impedancia medida se compara
con la impedancia previa medida que ha sido asignada Z_{min}
(bloque 226). En tanto la impedancia se reduce, Z_{min} será
reasignado al nuevo valor de la impedancia medida (bloques 226 y
227) y las etapas repetidas. Cuando la impedancia medida es mayor
que o igual a f(Z_{min}), es decir, la impedancia umbral,
se activa la marca de coagulación finalizada (bloque 230). Si está
activada la marca de coagulación finalizada, la RF se apaga (bloque
232) y se ejecuta una comprobación de fallo del equipo físico.
Si tras la ejecución inicial a través del
programa se produce (bloque 232, 236) una alerta por fallo del
equipo físico o una interrupción, el programa determina la causa y
la indica como tal (bloques 233-242). Se leen
V_{RMS} e I_{RMS} (bloque 235). Si no se está entregando
corriente o tensión al sistema, el controlador comprueba si se han
activado marcas de circuito abierto, corto circuito o tiempo
finalizado (bloque 237). Si así fuera, entonces una señal indica
qué marcas han sido activadas, y el programa vuelve a arrancar
(bloques 240, 242). Análogamente, el controlador comprueba la marca
de coagulación completa (bloque 239). Si había coagulación completa,
la marca se había activado, estará indicada durante 10 segundos
(bloque 241). Si no, estará indicada como no completa (bloque 240)
y el programa volverá al punto al comienzo (bloque 242).
Preferentemente los componentes eléctricos seleccionados para
llevar a cabo las etapas de las figuras 6-9 están
adaptados para proporcionar una iteración completa de todas las
etapas al menos cada 1/50 segundos.
Haciendo referencia ahora a las figuras
1-5, se ilustra un instrumento para ser usado
conjuntamente con el dispositivo de retroalimentación de impedancia
de la presente invención. Se muestra un instrumento 10 endoscópico
de corte y de grapado lineal que tiene un alojamiento 16 acoplado a
un árbol 30 con un lumen que se extiende a través suyo y un efector
15 de extremo que se extiende desde el extremo distal del árbol 30.
El efector 15 de extremo comprende elementos primero y segundo que
están compuestos por miembros 32, 34 de mandíbula de interfaz. El
miembro 32, 34 de mandíbula está fijado de forma que pueda moverse
al miembro 34 de mandíbula. El alojamiento 16 tiene un disparador de
sujeción 12 para el cierre de miembros 32, 34 de mandíbula. Los
miembros 32, 34 de mandíbula se muestran en una posición no sujeta
en la figura 2, en una posición sujeta antes de disparar el
instrumento en la figura 3, y en una posición sujeta después de
disparar el instrumento en la figura 4.
El miembro 32 de mandíbula comprende un yunque
18, un electrodo 39 en forma de U que se extiende a lo largo de la
longitud de la mandíbula 32, y un material 31 aislante en forma de
U que rodea el exterior del electrodo 39. El miembro 32 de
mandíbula tiene una superficie interna 33 la cual se enfrenta a una
superficie interna 35 de miembro 34 de mandíbula. El electrodo 39 en
forma de U comprende dos barras 27, 28 de electrodo eléctricamente
comunicadas que forman un primer polo y están situadas sobre y
extendiéndose sustancialmente a lo largo de la longitud de la
superficie 33 interna. El electrodo 39 en forma de U está formado
por un conductor, tal como aluminio o acero inoxidable de grado
quirúrgico. Las barras 27, 28 están separadas por un canal 29 en
cuchillo que se extienden longitudinalmente a través de la parte
media del electrodo 39. Sobre el yunque 18 se encuentran bolsillos
36 para recibir extremos de grapa a lo largo de la superficie 33
interna, lateral a las barras 27, 28 y fuera de las mismas. Las
barras 27, 28 de electrodo y el material aislante 31 forman una
cordillera 56 que se extienden hacia fuera, respecto de una parte
del yunque 37 de la superficie 33 interna (figura 5). El electrodo
39 actúa como un primer polo de un sistema bipolar. El yunque 18
está formado por un material eléctricamente conductor y actúa como
un segundo polo del sistema bipolar, eléctricamente opuesto al
primer polo. El yunque 18 está eléctricamente aislado de los
electrodos por el material 31 aislante en forma de U.
La energía bipolar puede ser suministrada al
efector 15 de extremo desde un generador 40 electroquirúrgico
(figura 10) a través de hilos metálicos 19, 20 que se extienden
dentro del cuerpo 16 del instrumento. El generador 40 está
controlado por el usuario por medio del conmutador 42 (figura 10).
El hilo metálico 19 proporciona corriente eléctrica al electrodo 39
a través del medio de contacto eléctrico que se extiende a través
del árbol 30. El hilo metálico 19 proporciona corriente eléctrica
al electrodo 39 a través del medio de contacto eléctrico que se
extiende a través del árbol 30. El hilo metálico 20 lleva una
corriente al yunque 18 y está acoplado al yunque 18 a través de un
medio de contacto eléctrico que se extiende a través del árbol 30.
El circuito eléctrico está cerrado cuando y únicamente cuando el
disparador de retención 12 está cerrado. Un medio de conexión del
hilo metálico con el correspondiente electrodo así como un medio de
actuación del instrumento se describen en la solicitud matriz S.N.
08/095.797.
El miembro 34 de mandíbula comprende un canal 22
de cartucho y un cartucho 23 insertado dentro del canal 22 de
cartucho. El cartucho 23 incluye una pista 25 para la cuña 23, un
canal 26 en cuchillo que se extiende longitudinalmente a través del
centro del cartucho 23, una serie de controladores 24 que se
extienden dentro de la pista 25 y grapas 17, dispuestas en dos
juegos de filas dobles en paralelo. Cuando el tejido se engarza
entre los miembros 32, 34 de mandíbula fijos un gatillo de disparo
14 situado en el alojamiento 16 puede ser accionado para avanzar un
elemento 11 de corte a través del tejido engarzado para cortar el
tejido. Simultáneamente, cuando el disparador 14 de fuego se hace
actuar, la cuña 13 se avanza a través de la pista 25 haciendo que
los controladores 24 se desplacen hacia las grapas 17, accionando
de este modo las grapas 17 hacia el tejido y al interior de
bolsillos 36 de yunque.
Durante el funcionamiento, el efector 15 de
extremo del instrumento se encuentra en un sitio de tejido donde el
tejido ha de ser tratado. Los miembros 32, 34 de mandíbula están
abiertos y el tejido se coloca, a continuación, entre las
superficies 35, 33, internas enfrentadas respectivamente de los
miembros 32, 34 de mandíbula. El disparador 12 de sujeción se
estruja para hacer que los miembros 32, 34 de mandíbula se cierren
para situar y comprimir el tejido entre las superficies 33, 35
internas enfrentadas. El cierre del disparador 12 de sujeción
también cierra el circuito eléctrico. Cuando el tejido ha sido
adecuadamente situado entre los miembros 32, 34 de mandíbula, un
usuario puede aplicar energía de RF desde el generador 40 usando un
conmutador 42 activado por el usuario. La corriente fluye a través
del tejido comprimido entre el electrodo 39, es decir, las barras
27, 28 y el yunque 18.
Una vez que la energía de RF ha sido desactivada,
el controlador indica el estatus del instrumento, por ejemplo,
circuito abierto, corto circuito, coagulación finalizada, tiempo
finalizado. Si se indica el estado de coagulación finalizada, el
disparador 14 de fuego puede ser activado para avanzar el elemento
11 de corte a través de canales 26, 29 de cuchillo para cortar el
tejido engarzado entre las barras 27, 28 donde el tejido ha sido
cauterizado. Simultáneamente, el gatillo 14 de disparo avanza la
cuña 13 a través de la pista 25 para hacer avanzar los
controladores 24 hacia las grapas 17 de disparo a través del tejido
y al interior de los bolsillos 36 del yunque 18. De este modo, la
línea de corte es lateral a las líneas de coagulación formadas por
los electrodos 27, 28 de barra, y grapas 17 son aplicadas
longitudinalmente en filas dobles sobre cada lado del elemento de
corte 11 a media que el elemento 11 de corte corta el tejido.
Habiéndose descrito la invención y los detalles
específicos y la forma en la cual puede ser llevada a cabo
ejemplificados será fácilmente evidente para los expertos en la
técnica, que se pueden hacer innumerables variaciones,
modificaciones y ampliaciones de los principios básicos implicados
sin salirse del alcance de la presente invención. El sistema de
retroalimentación de impedancia, como se ha descrito en lo que
antecede, se usa para indicar cuando se ha producido suficiente
cauterización. Cuando la coagulación ha finalizado, se puede
proveer una señal a un usuario mediante un controlador, o un
controlador puede desactivar automáticamente la energía RF. Así
mismo, se pueden proveer otras señales a un usuario del instrumento.
Por ejemplo, un tono que se corresponda con la impedancia medida se
puede proveer a un usuario para monitorizar mediante audio el
cambio de impedancia.
También se pretende que este dispositivo y/o
procedimiento se use con numerosos tipos de instrumentos
electroquirúrgicos que incluyen configuraciones monopolares,
bipolares y multipolares. El sistema de retroalimentación de
impedancia puede estar incluido parcial o totalmente en el presente
instrumento, como una unidad separada y/o con la fuente de energía
o generador.
Claims (11)
1. Un dispositivo de control que comprende:
circuitería (81) de medida de la impedancia
adaptada para ser acoplada a electrodos (39) en contacto con el
tejido asociados con una parte de tratamiento del tejido de un
instrumento (10) quirúrgico, y a una fuente de energía adaptada
para suministrar energía electroquirúrgica terapéutica a los
mencionados electrodos (39); y
una señal de control de energía adaptada para
controlar la energía (10) de RF suministrada desde la mencionada
fuente de energía a los mencionados electrodos (39),
en el cual la mencionada circuitería (81) de
medida de la impedancia está adaptada:
para medir la impedancia de tejido (43)
enganchado por la mencionada parte (15) de tratamiento de tejido del
mencionado instrumento (10) quirúrgico;
para determinar que se ha producido un valor
mínimo de impedancia y para medir este valor Z_{MIN};
caracterizado porque la mencionada
circuitería (81) de medida de impedancia está adaptada además:
para determinar un valor diana o blanco de
impedancia Z_{blanco} como una función del mencionado valor
mínimo de impedancia;
para comparar los valores medios de impedancia
con el mencionado valor impedancia blanco; y
para alterar la mencionada señal de control de
energía cuando el mencionado valor impedancia medido supera el
mencionado valor impedancia blanco.
2. El dispositivo de control de la reivindicación
1, en el cual la mencionada circuitería (81) de medida de la
impedancia, incluye:
un primer dispositivo para determinar el valor
impedancia mínima;
un segundo dispositivo acoplado al mencionado
primer dispositivo para determinar el valor impedancia blanco como
una función del mencionado valor impedancia mínima; y
un tercer dispositivo para comparar los valores
medidos de impedancia con el mencionado valor impedancia blanco y
para generar una señal que indique si el mencionado valor de
impedancia supera el mencionado valor impedancia blanco.
3. Un dispositivo de control de acuerdo con las
reivindicaciones 1 ó 2, que comprende:
una primera entrada para recibir al menos una de
una primera señal (V_{RMS}) representativa de la tensión
suministrada desde la mencionada fuente de energía al mencionado
tejido y una segunda señal (I_{RMS}) representativa de la
corriente suministran desde la mencionada fuente de energía al
mencionado tejido;
una segunda entrada para recibir una tercera
señal representativa de la impedancia para el mencionado tejido en
la fuente de energía, la cual se determina a partir de las señales
primera y segunda; y
un dispositivo de ajuste de función para proveer
una cuarta señal representativa de la salida deseada de energía de
acuerdo con una curva de carga del sistema, indicando la cuarta
señal una salida deseada de energía para la impedancia representada
por la tercera señal;
en el cual, la energía electroquirúrgica
suministrada por la fuente (40) de energía al blanco está dentro de
un intervalo deseado de salida de energía, en función de la
mencionada curva de carga del sistema.
4. El dispositivo de control de la reivindicación
3, el cual incluye un dispositivo de comparación para comparar la
mencionada cuarta señal, representativa de la salida deseada de
energía, con al menos una de las mencionadas primera y segunda
señales, estando adaptado el mencionado dispositivo de comparación
para proporcionar una señal de control para controlar la mencionada
fuente (40) de energía.
5. El dispositivo de control de la reivindicación
4, en el cual la mencionada señal de control representa una
comparación de la mencionada cuarta señal y la mencionada al menos
una de las mencionadas señales primera y segunda.
6. Un generador (40) para proveer energía
electroquirúrgica a un dispositivo (10) electroquirúrgico,
comprendiendo el mencionado generador:
una fuente de energía electroquirúrgica para
proveer energía electroquirúrgica al mencionado dispositivo (10)
electroquirúrgico; y
un dispositivo de control según una cualquiera de
las reivindicaciones 1 a 5,
en el cual el dispositivo de control está
dispuesto para controlar la salida de la mencionada fuente de
energía.
7. Un dispositivo (10) electroquirúrgico para
tratar tejido durante un procedimiento quirúrgico, comprendiendo el
dispositivo (10) electroquirúrgico;
unos electrodos primero y segundo eléctricamente
aislados para contactar tejido a ser tratado y hacer que la energía
electroquirúrgica sea conducida entre los mencionados electrodos a
través del mencionado tejido; y
un dispositivo de control según una cualquiera de
las reivindicaciones 1 a 5,
en el cual el dispositivo de control está
adaptado para controlar la salida de la mencionada energía
electroquirúrgica entre los mencionados electrodos.
8. Un dispositivo (10) electroquirúrgico para
tratar tejido durante un procedimiento quirúrgico, comprendiendo el
dispositivo (10) electroquirúrgico;
electrodos (39, 18) primero y segundo
eléctricamente aislados para contactar el tejido a ser tratado y
hacer que la energía electroquirúrgica sea conducida entre los
mencionados electrodos (39, 18) a través del mencionado tejido;
una fuente (40) de energía electroquirúrgica para
proveer la mencionada energía electroquirúrgica a los mencionados
electrodos (39, 18); y
un dispositivo de control según una cualquiera de
las reivindicaciones 1 a 5,
en el cual el mencionado dispositivo de control
está dispuesto para controlar la salida desde la mencionada fuente
(40) de energía electroquirúrgica a los mencionados electrodos (39,
18).
9. El dispositivo electroquirúrgico de las
reivindicaciones 7 ú 8, en el cual el mencionado primer electrodo
(39) se encuentra sobre uno de entre los elementos (32, 34) primero
y segundo, y en el cual los mencionados elementos (32, 34) primero
y segundo son móviles unos respecto de otros para enganchar tejido
entre los mismos.
10. El dispositivo electroquirúrgico de la
reivindicación 9, en el cual el mencionado segundo electrodo (18)
se encuentra sobre el otro elemento de los mencionados elementos
(32, 34) primero y segundo.
11. El dispositivo electroquirúrgico de la
reivindicación 9, en el cual:
los mencionados elementos (32, 34) primero y
segundo comprenden cada uno una superficie de interfaz para
enganchar tejido a ser tratado electroquirúrgicamente;
los mencionados electrodos (32, 34) primero y
segundo comprenden uno o más elementos electrodo (39, 18) situados
sobre las mencionadas superficies de interfaz; y
los mencionados elementos electrodo primero y
segundo (39, 18) están desplazados entre sí respecto a las
superficies de interfaz.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US311297 | 1994-09-23 | ||
| US08/311,297 US5558671A (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1994-09-23 | Impedance feedback monitor for electrosurgical instrument |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2198433T3 true ES2198433T3 (es) | 2004-02-01 |
Family
ID=23206275
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES95306723T Expired - Lifetime ES2198433T3 (es) | 1994-09-23 | 1995-09-22 | Dispositivo de control de retroalimentacion de impedancia para instrumento electroquirurgico. |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5558671A (es) |
| EP (2) | EP0703461B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP3857337B2 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE239920T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU3179795A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2158783C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69530646T2 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2198433T3 (es) |
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-
1995
- 1995-09-21 AU AU31797/95A patent/AU3179795A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-09-21 CA CA002158783A patent/CA2158783C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-22 EP EP95306723A patent/EP0703461B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-22 DE DE69530646T patent/DE69530646T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-22 ES ES95306723T patent/ES2198433T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-22 EP EP01202584A patent/EP1151725A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-09-22 JP JP26804395A patent/JP3857337B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-22 AT AT95306723T patent/ATE239920T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3857337B2 (ja) | 2006-12-13 |
| EP0703461A2 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
| EP0703461B1 (en) | 2003-05-07 |
| CA2158783C (en) | 2006-12-12 |
| DE69530646T2 (de) | 2004-03-25 |
| DE69530646D1 (de) | 2003-06-12 |
| AU3179795A (en) | 1996-04-04 |
| ATE239920T1 (de) | 2003-05-15 |
| JPH08196543A (ja) | 1996-08-06 |
| EP1151725A1 (en) | 2001-11-07 |
| EP0703461A3 (en) | 1997-11-12 |
| CA2158783A1 (en) | 1996-03-24 |
| US5558671A (en) | 1996-09-24 |
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