ES2038901A1 - Procedimiento para recuperar cantidades valiosas de titanio. - Google Patents
Procedimiento para recuperar cantidades valiosas de titanio.Info
- Publication number
- ES2038901A1 ES2038901A1 ES9101731A ES9101731A ES2038901A1 ES 2038901 A1 ES2038901 A1 ES 2038901A1 ES 9101731 A ES9101731 A ES 9101731A ES 9101731 A ES9101731 A ES 9101731A ES 2038901 A1 ES2038901 A1 ES 2038901A1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- complex
- recovery
- procss
- values
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 abstract 2
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/02—Halides of titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/04—Working-up slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
- C01B21/076—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron with titanium or zirconium or hafnium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
- C01B21/076—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron with titanium or zirconium or hafnium
- C01B21/0765—Preparation by carboreductive nitridation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/02—Halides of titanium
- C01G23/022—Titanium tetrachloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G23/047—Titanium dioxide
- C01G23/053—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
- C01G23/0532—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts by hydrolysing sulfate-containing salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1218—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1218—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes
- C22B34/1222—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes using a halogen containing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1236—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by wet processes, e.g. by leaching
- C22B34/124—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by wet processes, e.g. by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors
- C22B34/1245—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by wet processes, e.g. by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors containing a halogen ion as active agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
- C22B7/002—Dry processes by treating with halogens, sulfur or compounds thereof; by carburising, by treating with hydrogen (hydriding)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Abstract
PROCEDIMIENTO PARA RECUPERAR CANTIDADES VALIOSAS DE TITANIO A PARTIR DE UNA MATRIZ COMPLEJA QUE COMPRENDE NITRURO DE TITANIO. EL PROCEDIMIENTO COMPRENDE CLORAR EL NITRURO DE TITANIO CONTENIDO EN LA MATRIZ PARA OBTENER UN PRODUCTO DE REACCION QUE CONTIENE CLORURO DE TITANIO, Y SEPARAR EL CLORURO DE TITANIO DEL PRODUCTO DE LA REACCION. LA INVENCION PROPORCIONA TAMBIEN MEDIOS PARA LA PRODUCCION DE DICHA MATRIZ COMPLEJA QUE CONTIENE NITRURO DE TITANIO POR NITRURACION DE LAS CANTIDADES VALIOSAS DE TITANIO CONTENIDAS EN MATERIALES DE PARTIDA COMPLEJOS QUE CONTIENEN TITANIO TALES COMO ESCORIAS TITANIFERAS METALURGICAS COMPLEJAS E ILMENITA, PEROVSKITA, ARMALCOLITA Y FASSAITA.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA905857 | 1990-07-25 | ||
| ZA911146 | 1991-02-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2038901A1 true ES2038901A1 (es) | 1993-08-01 |
| ES2038901B1 ES2038901B1 (es) | 1994-04-01 |
Family
ID=27141295
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES9101731A Expired - Fee Related ES2038901B1 (es) | 1990-07-25 | 1991-07-24 | Procedimiento para recuperar cantidades valiosas de titanio. |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5224986A (es) |
| JP (1) | JP2563011B2 (es) |
| KR (1) | KR960010090B1 (es) |
| BE (1) | BE1006493A5 (es) |
| BR (1) | BR9103172A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2047650C (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2038901B1 (es) |
| FI (1) | FI103033B (es) |
| FR (1) | FR2665182A1 (es) |
| GB (1) | GB2246345B (es) |
| IT (1) | IT1250709B (es) |
| MX (1) | MX9100352A (es) |
| NL (1) | NL192685C (es) |
| NO (1) | NO180645C (es) |
| RU (2) | RU2080295C1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6375923B1 (en) | 1999-06-24 | 2002-04-23 | Altair Nanomaterials Inc. | Processing titaniferous ore to titanium dioxide pigment |
| US6440383B1 (en) | 1999-06-24 | 2002-08-27 | Altair Nanomaterials Inc. | Processing aqueous titanium chloride solutions to ultrafine titanium dioxide |
| US6548039B1 (en) | 1999-06-24 | 2003-04-15 | Altair Nanomaterials Inc. | Processing aqueous titanium solutions to titanium dioxide pigment |
| WO2001012556A1 (en) * | 1999-08-13 | 2001-02-22 | Anglo American Corporation Of South Africa Limited | Titanium tetrachloride production |
| RU2208659C1 (ru) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-07-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ПКТФ" | Способ газового азотирования изделий в кипящем слое и установка для его реализации |
| RU2247070C1 (ru) * | 2003-10-06 | 2005-02-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Комсомольское-на-Амуре авиационное производственное объединение им. Ю.А. Гагарина" | Способ получения нитрида титана |
| CA2573341A1 (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2006-02-16 | Altairnano, Inc. | Ceramic structures for prevention of drug diversion |
| AU2006283170A1 (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2007-03-01 | Altairnano, Inc. | Highly photocatalytic phosphorus-doped anatase-TiO2 composition and related manufacturing methods |
| WO2007103812A1 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-13 | Altairnano, Inc. | Method for low temperature production of nano-structured iron oxide coatings |
| US20080020175A1 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2008-01-24 | Fred Ratel | Nanostructured Indium-Doped Iron Oxide |
| WO2007103829A1 (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-13 | Altairnano, Inc. | Method for production of metal oxide coatings |
| US20080254258A1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-16 | Altairnano, Inc. | Teflon® replacements and related production methods |
| CN101337689B (zh) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-12-01 | 攀钢集团有限公司 | 使用低品位钛原料生产四氯化钛的方法 |
| CN103261456B (zh) * | 2010-12-13 | 2015-03-18 | Csir公司 | 提升含钛材料的等级 |
| RU178489U1 (ru) * | 2017-07-06 | 2018-04-05 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет" | Устройство для переработки титанового лома |
| JP2021502278A (ja) * | 2017-11-02 | 2021-01-28 | ヴィヴァヴァックス インコーポレイテッドVivavax Inc. | 断熱性付与糖類系組成物、およびその使用方法 |
| CN111763825B (zh) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-12-28 | 安徽工业大学 | 一种利用磁铁矿在烧结工序处理失效催化剂的方法 |
| CN112299474A (zh) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-02 | 云南国钛金属股份有限公司 | 一种四氯化钛精制除钒的方法 |
| CN115010170B (zh) * | 2022-07-04 | 2023-09-22 | 重庆大学 | 一种利用含钛高炉渣制备TiCl4的方法 |
| CN115927880B (zh) * | 2022-12-30 | 2024-10-18 | 重庆大学 | 一种综合利用钛精矿中钛铁元素的方法 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2401543A (en) * | 1943-06-24 | 1946-06-04 | Stauffer Chemical Co | Production of titanium tetrachloride |
| ES471563A1 (es) * | 1977-07-11 | 1979-01-16 | Uop Inc | Un procedimiento para la recuperacion de cantidades valiosasde titanio a partir de una fuente que lleva titanio |
| ES475020A1 (es) * | 1977-11-14 | 1979-04-16 | Uop Inc | Procedimiento para recuperar contenido de titanio de una fuente que lleva titanio. |
| ES2004407A6 (es) * | 1987-04-28 | 1989-01-01 | Union Explosivos Rio Tinto | Procedimiento de obtencion de polvos ceramicos a base de b'-sialon |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB275580A (en) * | 1926-08-03 | 1928-03-08 | Titan Company As | Process for utilisation of titanium materials containing iron |
| GB795386A (en) * | 1955-06-24 | 1958-05-21 | Ici Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the electrolytic production of titanium |
| US3848051A (en) * | 1966-09-06 | 1974-11-12 | Fab De Produits Chimiques De T | Process for the production of titanium tetrachloride |
| SU353992A1 (ru) * | 1970-07-13 | 1972-10-09 | А. Н. Петрунько, Г. А. Меерсон, А. А. Рогаткин, Н. А. Пампушко , Ю. Г. Олесов | Способ переработки железо-титановых концентратов |
| GB1355433A (en) * | 1971-07-28 | 1974-06-05 | Electricity Council | Production of titanium |
| US3775096A (en) * | 1973-01-15 | 1973-11-27 | Interior | Production of niobium and tantalum |
| US4036637A (en) * | 1974-10-24 | 1977-07-19 | Parlee-Anderson Corporation | Separation of zirconium-hafnium by nitride precipitation |
| DE2551380C3 (de) * | 1975-11-15 | 1979-06-13 | Ernst Dr. Schultze-Rhonhof | Gewinnung des in Rotschlamm enthaltenen Titandioxides als Titantetrachlorid |
| JPS5839895A (ja) * | 1981-09-02 | 1983-03-08 | 小川 義夫 | 配管断熱用外装の施工法 |
| CA1205291A (en) * | 1982-03-02 | 1986-06-03 | Hans G. Brandstatter | Recovery of titanium values |
| JPH0226829A (ja) * | 1988-07-15 | 1990-01-29 | Osaka Titanium Co Ltd | 合成ルチルの製造方法 |
-
1991
- 1991-07-23 FI FI913523A patent/FI103033B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-23 CA CA 2047650 patent/CA2047650C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-24 ES ES9101731A patent/ES2038901B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-24 BR BR9103172A patent/BR9103172A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-24 MX MX9100352A patent/MX9100352A/es unknown
- 1991-07-24 US US07/735,369 patent/US5224986A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-24 KR KR1019910012693A patent/KR960010090B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-24 RU SU5001288 patent/RU2080295C1/ru active
- 1991-07-24 RU SU5001288 patent/RU2062256C1/ru active
- 1991-07-24 NL NL9101295A patent/NL192685C/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-24 BE BE9100694A patent/BE1006493A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-24 FR FR9109367A patent/FR2665182A1/fr active Granted
- 1991-07-24 NO NO912887A patent/NO180645C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-25 GB GB9116070A patent/GB2246345B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-25 IT IT91MI2062 patent/IT1250709B/it active IP Right Grant
- 1991-07-25 JP JP20844791A patent/JP2563011B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2401543A (en) * | 1943-06-24 | 1946-06-04 | Stauffer Chemical Co | Production of titanium tetrachloride |
| ES471563A1 (es) * | 1977-07-11 | 1979-01-16 | Uop Inc | Un procedimiento para la recuperacion de cantidades valiosasde titanio a partir de una fuente que lleva titanio |
| ES475020A1 (es) * | 1977-11-14 | 1979-04-16 | Uop Inc | Procedimiento para recuperar contenido de titanio de una fuente que lleva titanio. |
| ES2004407A6 (es) * | 1987-04-28 | 1989-01-01 | Union Explosivos Rio Tinto | Procedimiento de obtencion de polvos ceramicos a base de b'-sialon |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2047650C (en) | 1996-12-24 |
| NO912887L (no) | 1992-01-27 |
| FR2665182A1 (fr) | 1992-01-31 |
| GB2246345A (en) | 1992-01-29 |
| GB9116070D0 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
| BR9103172A (pt) | 1992-02-11 |
| AU8129791A (en) | 1992-01-30 |
| ITMI912062A1 (it) | 1993-01-25 |
| ES2038901B1 (es) | 1994-04-01 |
| JPH07277733A (ja) | 1995-10-24 |
| BE1006493A5 (fr) | 1994-09-13 |
| US5224986A (en) | 1993-07-06 |
| CA2047650A1 (en) | 1992-01-26 |
| FI103033B1 (fi) | 1999-04-15 |
| NO180645B (no) | 1997-02-10 |
| NO180645C (no) | 1997-05-21 |
| NL192685C (nl) | 1997-12-02 |
| FI913523A0 (fi) | 1991-07-23 |
| IT1250709B (it) | 1995-04-21 |
| JP2563011B2 (ja) | 1996-12-11 |
| FI913523L (fi) | 1992-01-26 |
| KR960010090B1 (ko) | 1996-07-25 |
| FR2665182B1 (es) | 1995-01-13 |
| ITMI912062A0 (it) | 1991-07-25 |
| FI103033B (fi) | 1999-04-15 |
| AU642514B2 (en) | 1993-10-21 |
| NL192685B (nl) | 1997-08-01 |
| KR920002467A (ko) | 1992-02-28 |
| NO912887D0 (no) | 1991-07-24 |
| NL9101295A (nl) | 1992-02-17 |
| MX9100352A (es) | 1992-02-28 |
| RU2080295C1 (ru) | 1997-05-27 |
| GB2246345B (en) | 1994-02-09 |
| RU2062256C1 (ru) | 1996-06-20 |
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