ES2079474T3 - Metodo y aparato para realizar medidas electroquimiluminiscentes. - Google Patents
Metodo y aparato para realizar medidas electroquimiluminiscentes.Info
- Publication number
- ES2079474T3 ES2079474T3 ES90905340T ES90905340T ES2079474T3 ES 2079474 T3 ES2079474 T3 ES 2079474T3 ES 90905340 T ES90905340 T ES 90905340T ES 90905340 T ES90905340 T ES 90905340T ES 2079474 T3 ES2079474 T3 ES 2079474T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- reference electrode
- electrode
- exploration
- wave form
- radius
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K4/00—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions
- H03K4/02—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having stepped portions, e.g. staircase waveform
- H03K4/026—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having stepped portions, e.g. staircase waveform using digital techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/76—Chemiluminescence; Bioluminescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/66—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/48—Systems using polarography, i.e. measuring changes in current under a slowly-varying voltage
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Control Of El Displays (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
UN METODO Y APARATO PARA ACTIVAR Y MEDIR UN FENOMENO ELECTROQUIMIOLUMINISCENTE UTILIZANDO UNA FORMA DE ONDA DE TENSION APLICADA AL ELECTRODO DE TRABAJO VOLTAMETRICO QUE MEJORA LA PRECISION Y EXACTITUD DE LAS MEDICIONES. ESTA FORMA DE ONDA TIENE UNA VELOCIDAD DE EXPLORACION EN EL RADIO DE ACCION DE TENSIONES POR LAS CUALES SE ACTIVA LA ELECTROQUIMIOLUMINISCENCIA Y EN ESTE RADIO DE ACCION ES SUSTANCIALMENTE DE DE FORMA SINUIDAL. LA FORMA DE GUIA ES UN RESULTADO DE LA LOCALIZACION DEL ELECTRODO DE REFERENCIA (20) DE UN POTENCIOSTATO EN PROXIMIDAD POTENCIAL PROXIMA A SU ELECTRODO CONTADOR (16), Y DE LA APLICACION DE UNA FORMA DE ONDA DE TENSION DE EXPLORACION UNIFORME AL ELECTRODO DE REFERENCIA (20). LA FORMA DE ONDA SE PUEDE SINTETIZAR DIGITALMENTE, CONVERTIRSE EN FORMA ANALOGA, Y APLICARSE DIRECTAMENTE AL ELECTRODO DE TRABAJO (18) CON EL ELECTRODO DE REFERENCIA (20) EN PROXIMIDAD POTENCIAL CERCANA AL ELECTRODO DE TRABAJO (18).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/325,459 US5068088A (en) | 1988-11-03 | 1989-03-17 | Method and apparatus for conducting electrochemiluminescent measurements |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2079474T3 true ES2079474T3 (es) | 1996-01-16 |
Family
ID=23267969
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES90905340T Expired - Lifetime ES2079474T3 (es) | 1989-03-17 | 1990-03-15 | Metodo y aparato para realizar medidas electroquimiluminiscentes. |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5068088A (es) |
| EP (1) | EP0496731B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP2994743B2 (es) |
| KR (1) | KR960016170B1 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE130090T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU672711B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2012418C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69023509T2 (es) |
| DK (1) | DK0496731T3 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2079474T3 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO1990011511A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (75)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5147806A (en) * | 1988-04-29 | 1992-09-15 | Igen, Inc. | Method and apparatus for conducting electrochemiluminescence measurements |
| US5935779A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1999-08-10 | Igen International Inc. | Methods for improved particle electrochemiluminescence assay |
| US6881589B1 (en) | 1987-04-30 | 2005-04-19 | Bioveris Corporation | Electrochemiluminescent localizable complexes for assay compositions |
| US5247243A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1993-09-21 | Igen, Inc. | Method and apparatus for conducting electrochemiluminescent measurements |
| US5296191A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1994-03-22 | Igen, Inc. | Method and apparatus for conducting electrochemiluminescent measurements |
| US5962218A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1999-10-05 | Igen International Inc. | Methods and apparatus for improved luminescence assays |
| US5779976A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1998-07-14 | Igen International, Inc. | Apparatus for improved luminescence assays |
| IL100867A (en) * | 1991-02-06 | 1995-12-08 | Igen Inc | Method and apparatus for improved luminescence assays |
| IL100866A (en) * | 1991-02-06 | 1995-10-31 | Igen Inc | Method and apparatus for magnetic microparticulate based luminescence assay including plurality of magnets |
| ZA92803B (en) | 1991-02-06 | 1992-11-25 | Igen Inc | Method and apparatus for magnetic microparticulate based luminescene asay including plurality of magnets |
| WO1992015009A1 (fr) * | 1991-02-19 | 1992-09-03 | Tdk Corporation | Methode d'analyse d'une substance electrochimioluminescente et appareil a cet effet |
| DE69215983T2 (de) * | 1991-07-10 | 1997-05-22 | Tdk Corp | Verfahren zur Messung der Konzentration eines Immuno-Reaktanden unter Verwendung von Elektrochemilumineszenz |
| ATE184320T1 (de) * | 1991-07-10 | 1999-09-15 | Igen Int Inc | Verfahren für verbesserte lumineszenz-assays unter verwendung von teilchenkonzentration und chemilumineszenznachweis |
| US5466416A (en) * | 1993-05-14 | 1995-11-14 | Ghaed; Ali | Apparatus and methods for carrying out electrochemiluminescence test measurements |
| US5541113A (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1996-07-30 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Method for detecting an analyte using an electrochemical luminescent transition metal label |
| DE19501916A1 (de) * | 1994-01-24 | 1995-07-27 | Hitachi Ltd | Verfahren und Analysator zum Immuntest unter Verwendung magnetischer Teilchen |
| DE69435159D1 (de) * | 1994-08-15 | 2008-12-11 | Bioveris Corp | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur durchführung von testmessungen zur elektrochemilumineszenz |
| US6852502B1 (en) | 1995-06-06 | 2005-02-08 | Bioveris Corporation | Electrochemiluminescent enzyme biosensors |
| US5610075A (en) * | 1995-01-17 | 1997-03-11 | Stahl-Rees; Marianne | Competitive electrochemiluminescence assays for endotoxins using a ruthenium label |
| US5993740A (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1999-11-30 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Immunoassay method and analyzer using magnetic particles |
| US6140045A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 2000-10-31 | Meso Scale Technologies | Multi-array, multi-specific electrochemiluminescence testing |
| US6207369B1 (en) | 1995-03-10 | 2001-03-27 | Meso Scale Technologies, Llc | Multi-array, multi-specific electrochemiluminescence testing |
| CZ299135B6 (cs) | 1995-03-10 | 2008-04-30 | Meso Scale Technologies, Llc. Corporation Servicecompany | Kazeta a zarízení pro použití pri detekci analytu, zpusob provádení testu za použití uvedené kazety, kit pro použití pri provádení množiny elektrochemiluminescencních testu a zpusob detekce nebo merení analytu |
| US6673533B1 (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 2004-01-06 | Meso Scale Technologies, Llc. | Multi-array multi-specific electrochemiluminescence testing |
| US6099760A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2000-08-08 | Igen, Inc. | Hydrogen peroxide based ECL |
| US5804400A (en) * | 1996-02-05 | 1998-09-08 | Igen International, Inc. | Electrochemiluminescent assay |
| US5856194A (en) | 1996-09-19 | 1999-01-05 | Abbott Laboratories | Method for determination of item of interest in a sample |
| US5795784A (en) | 1996-09-19 | 1998-08-18 | Abbott Laboratories | Method of performing a process for determining an item of interest in a sample |
| JP4663824B2 (ja) | 1996-12-31 | 2011-04-06 | ハイ スループット ジェノミクス インコーポレイテッド | 多重化分子分析装置および方法 |
| US7314711B2 (en) | 1997-05-23 | 2008-01-01 | Bioveris Corporation | Assays employing electrochemiluminescent labels and electrochemiluminescence quenchers |
| DE19803528A1 (de) | 1998-01-30 | 1999-08-05 | Roche Diagnostics Gmbh | Verfahren zur Analyse einer Probe mittels eines Elektrochemolumineszenz-Bindungsreaktion-Tests |
| DE19811582A1 (de) * | 1998-03-17 | 1999-09-23 | Roche Diagnostics Gmbh | Stabilisierung und Verstärkung von Elektrochemilumineszenz-Signalen |
| US6200531B1 (en) * | 1998-05-11 | 2001-03-13 | Igen International, Inc. | Apparatus for carrying out electrochemiluminescence test measurements |
| US7141436B2 (en) * | 1999-11-03 | 2006-11-28 | Science And Technology Corp. | Immunoassay and reagents and kits for performing the same |
| GB0103765D0 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2001-04-04 | Affitech As | Assay |
| WO2004001380A2 (en) * | 2002-06-20 | 2003-12-31 | Igen International, Inc | Electrochemiluminescence flow cell and flow cell components |
| WO2004003219A2 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-08 | Igen International, Inc. | Improved assay systems and components |
| US7000870B2 (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2006-02-21 | Aerion Corporation | Laminar flow wing for transonic cruise |
| US7238536B1 (en) | 2004-03-22 | 2007-07-03 | Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Controlled transport through multiple reversible interaction point membranes |
| US20050250173A1 (en) * | 2004-05-10 | 2005-11-10 | Davis Charles Q | Detection device, components of a detection device, and methods associated therewith |
| US20080227219A1 (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2008-09-18 | Frank Gamez | Electrochemiluminescent assay |
| US20060275841A1 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-12-07 | Martin Blankfard | Assay method and apparatus with reduced sample matrix effects |
| KR101385384B1 (ko) | 2005-06-03 | 2014-04-14 | 보드 오브 리전츠 오브 더 유니버시티 오브 텍사스 시스템 | 단일 패러데이 전극에서의 전기발생 화학발광 및 전기화학 |
| BRPI0708677A2 (pt) | 2006-03-09 | 2011-06-21 | Hoffmann La Roche | ensaio de anticorpo antifármaco |
| ATE530895T1 (de) | 2006-08-25 | 2011-11-15 | Hoffmann La Roche | Zelle zur durchführung elektrochemilumineszenter messungen |
| JP4964957B2 (ja) | 2006-09-12 | 2012-07-04 | エフ.ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲー | 抗薬物抗体アッセイ |
| WO2008104344A1 (en) | 2007-02-27 | 2008-09-04 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Method for the assessment of the inhibitory activity of antibodies against insulin-like growth factor i receptor |
| BRPI0821267A2 (pt) | 2007-12-15 | 2015-06-16 | Hoffmann La Roche | Ensaio distintivo |
| US8614297B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2013-12-24 | Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. | Anti-idiotype antibody against an antibody against the amyloid β peptide |
| ES2555864T3 (es) | 2010-08-19 | 2016-01-11 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Ensayo para la medición de anticuerpos de unión a un anticuerpo monoclonal terapéutico |
| WO2012154272A1 (en) | 2011-02-25 | 2012-11-15 | Wellstat Diagnostics, Llc | Assays for detecting enzymatic activity |
| WO2012143380A1 (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2012-10-26 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Microwaves for immunohistochemical analysis |
| BR112013029746B1 (pt) | 2011-06-22 | 2021-02-02 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | método para a produção recombinante de um complexo, complexo, formulação farmacêutica e uso do complexo |
| CN104040350B (zh) | 2011-12-19 | 2016-05-18 | 弗·哈夫曼-拉罗切有限公司 | 用于检测多特异性结合物的游离结合搭档的方法 |
| JP2015507193A (ja) | 2012-02-01 | 2015-03-05 | エフ.ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲーF. Hoffmann−La Roche Aktiengesellschaft | 多重特異性結合物の結合パートナーを検出するための方法 |
| CA2862824A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2013-09-12 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Multiplexed chromatography-immunoassay method for the characterization of circulating immune complexes |
| US9625465B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 | 2017-04-18 | Defined Diagnostics, Llc | Clinical diagnostic systems |
| US9081001B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 | 2015-07-14 | Wellstat Diagnostics, Llc | Diagnostic systems and instruments |
| US9213043B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 | 2015-12-15 | Wellstat Diagnostics, Llc | Clinical diagnostic system including instrument and cartridge |
| KR20150038046A (ko) | 2012-07-13 | 2015-04-08 | 에프. 호프만-라 로슈 아게 | 다중특이적 결합체의 탐지 방법 |
| RU2015129640A (ru) | 2012-12-21 | 2017-01-26 | Ф.Хоффманн-Ля Рош Аг | Связанные дисульфидом мультивалентные многофункциональные белки, содержащие молекулы гкгс класса 1 |
| WO2015000865A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2015-01-08 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Interference-suppressed immunoassay to detect anti-drug antibodies in serum samples |
| IL295756A (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2022-10-01 | Hoffmann La Roche | Anti-variant fc-region antibodies and methods of use |
| CN108351361A (zh) | 2015-11-30 | 2018-07-31 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | 用于测定Fc区修饰的抗体的免疫测定法 |
| CN108431231B (zh) * | 2016-01-29 | 2021-09-10 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | 用于检测液体样本中的分析物的电化学发光方法和装置 |
| CN110892253A (zh) | 2017-08-01 | 2020-03-17 | 豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司 | 监测对液体样品中的分析物的检测操作的方法 |
| KR102551444B1 (ko) | 2017-11-29 | 2023-07-06 | 에프. 호프만-라 로슈 아게 | 표적 간섭이 억제된 항-약물 항체 분석 |
| JP7650802B2 (ja) | 2018-12-30 | 2025-03-25 | エフ. ホフマン-ラ ロシュ アーゲー | 抗ウサギcd19抗体および使用方法 |
| EP3969907B1 (en) | 2019-05-13 | 2025-09-24 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG | Interference-suppressed pharmacokinetic immunoassay |
| WO2021136772A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 | 2021-07-08 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Method for determining the amount of a therapeutic antibody in the brain |
| AU2021294222A1 (en) | 2020-06-16 | 2023-01-19 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Method for determining the free antigen of an antibody in a sample |
| WO2022214565A1 (en) | 2021-04-09 | 2022-10-13 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Process for selecting cell clones expressing a heterologous polypeptide |
| JP2024534067A (ja) | 2021-08-19 | 2024-09-18 | エフ. ホフマン-ラ ロシュ アーゲー | 多価抗バリアントfc領域抗体および使用方法 |
| WO2023117325A1 (en) | 2021-12-21 | 2023-06-29 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Method for the determination of hydrolytic activity |
| TW202417842A (zh) | 2022-08-24 | 2024-05-01 | 美商安進公司 | 抗藥物抗體測定 |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3816795A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1974-06-11 | American Cyanamid Co | Method for providing electroluminescent light from a polycyclic heterocyclic compound in an aprotic solvent under electric current |
| US3868534A (en) * | 1972-11-29 | 1975-02-25 | Bell Canada Northern Electric | Electrochemiluminescent device having a mixed solvent |
| FR2247732A1 (es) * | 1973-10-16 | 1975-05-09 | Accumulateurs Fixes | |
| US4204037A (en) * | 1978-04-04 | 1980-05-20 | Nasa | Method and automated apparatus for detecting coliform organisms |
| US4443713A (en) * | 1978-10-30 | 1984-04-17 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Waveform generator |
| US4236895A (en) * | 1979-06-11 | 1980-12-02 | Meloy Laboratories, Inc. | Analytical apparatus and method employing purified ozone |
| US4280815A (en) * | 1979-06-18 | 1981-07-28 | Technicon Instruments Corporation | Electrochemiluminescent immunoassay and apparatus therefor |
| DE3013765A1 (de) * | 1980-04-10 | 1981-10-15 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Detektroranordnung, insbesondere fuer die fluessigkeitschromatografie |
| US4303410A (en) * | 1980-11-03 | 1981-12-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Light burst activity analyzer |
| DE3364785D1 (en) * | 1982-01-15 | 1986-09-04 | Telefunken Fernseh & Rundfunk | Circuit arrangement for generating a d.c. control voltage dependent upon an a.c. voltage |
| US5238808A (en) * | 1984-10-31 | 1993-08-24 | Igen, Inc. | Luminescent metal chelate labels and means for detection |
| US4721601A (en) * | 1984-11-23 | 1988-01-26 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Molecule-based microelectronic devices |
| JPS6235326A (ja) * | 1985-08-09 | 1987-02-16 | Canon Inc | 表示素子 |
| US5147806A (en) * | 1988-04-29 | 1992-09-15 | Igen, Inc. | Method and apparatus for conducting electrochemiluminescence measurements |
| US5093268A (en) * | 1988-04-28 | 1992-03-03 | Igen, Inc. | Apparatus for conducting a plurality of simultaneous measurements of electrochemiluminescent phenomena |
| IL90105A (en) * | 1988-04-29 | 1993-05-13 | Igen Inc | Method and apparatus for conducting electro- chemiluminescence measurements |
| US5132227A (en) * | 1990-05-02 | 1992-07-21 | Batelle Memorial Institute | Monitoring formaldehyde |
-
1989
- 1989-03-17 US US07/325,459 patent/US5068088A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-03-15 WO PCT/US1990/001370 patent/WO1990011511A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-03-15 JP JP2505243A patent/JP2994743B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-15 DE DE69023509T patent/DE69023509T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-15 DK DK90905340.7T patent/DK0496731T3/da active
- 1990-03-15 KR KR1019900702458A patent/KR960016170B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-15 AT AT90905340T patent/ATE130090T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-03-15 ES ES90905340T patent/ES2079474T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-15 EP EP90905340A patent/EP0496731B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-16 CA CA002012418A patent/CA2012418C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-08-19 AU AU70361/94A patent/AU672711B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69023509T2 (de) | 1996-05-23 |
| EP0496731A4 (en) | 1992-09-02 |
| CA2012418A1 (en) | 1990-09-17 |
| DK0496731T3 (da) | 1996-02-26 |
| AU7036194A (en) | 1994-10-13 |
| DE69023509D1 (de) | 1995-12-14 |
| AU649220B2 (en) | 1994-05-19 |
| JPH04505657A (ja) | 1992-10-01 |
| ATE130090T1 (de) | 1995-11-15 |
| US5068088A (en) | 1991-11-26 |
| WO1990011511A1 (en) | 1990-10-04 |
| EP0496731B1 (en) | 1995-11-08 |
| AU672711B2 (en) | 1996-10-10 |
| AU5335590A (en) | 1990-10-22 |
| EP0496731A1 (en) | 1992-08-05 |
| JP2994743B2 (ja) | 1999-12-27 |
| KR960016170B1 (ko) | 1996-12-04 |
| KR920700400A (ko) | 1992-02-19 |
| CA2012418C (en) | 1994-06-28 |
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