Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/0004—Surface depressions or protrusions
  • A63B37/0006—Arrangement or layout of dimples
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/0004—Surface depressions or protrusions
  • A63B37/0017—Specified total dimple volume
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/0004—Surface depressions or protrusions
  • A63B37/0018—Specified number of dimples
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/0004—Surface depressions or protrusions
  • A63B37/0021—Occupation ratio, i.e. percentage surface occupied by dimples
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/005—Cores
  • A63B37/006—Physical properties
  • A63B37/0061—Coefficient of restitution
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/005—Cores
  • A63B37/006—Physical properties
  • A63B37/0064—Diameter
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/005—Cores
  • A63B37/006—Physical properties
  • A63B37/0067—Weight; Mass
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/007—Characteristics of the ball as a whole
  • A63B37/0072—Characteristics of the ball as a whole with a specified number of layers
  • A63B37/0075—Three piece balls, i.e. cover, intermediate layer and core
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/007—Characteristics of the ball as a whole
  • A63B37/0077—Physical properties
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/007—Characteristics of the ball as a whole
  • A63B37/0077—Physical properties
  • A63B37/0078—Coefficient of restitution
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/007—Characteristics of the ball as a whole
  • A63B37/0077—Physical properties
  • A63B37/008—Diameter
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/007—Characteristics of the ball as a whole
  • A63B37/0077—Physical properties
  • A63B37/0083—Weight; Mass
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/007—Characteristics of the ball as a whole
  • A63B37/0077—Physical properties
  • A63B37/0084—Initial velocity
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/007—Characteristics of the ball as a whole
  • A63B37/0077—Physical properties
  • A63B37/0087—Deflection or compression
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/007—Characteristics of the ball as a whole
  • A63B37/0077—Physical properties
  • A63B37/0089—Coefficient of drag
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/007—Characteristics of the ball as a whole
  • A63B37/0077—Physical properties
  • A63B37/009—Coefficient of lift
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
  • A63B37/00—Solid balls; Rigid hollow balls; Marbles
  • A63B37/0003—Golf balls
  • A63B37/007—Characteristics of the ball as a whole
  • A63B37/0077—Physical properties
  • A63B37/0096—Spin rate

Definitions

• This disclosure generally relates to a golf ball, and is more particularly related to aerodynamic performance attributes of a golf ball.
• aerodynamic characteristics of a golf ball have significant impact on the flight of the golf ball, and thus the overall performance of the golf ball.
• aerodynamic characteristics or properties of a golf ball are influenced by the dimple pattern of the golf ball.
• a golf ball in various aspects disclosed herein, can have particular aerodynamic performance attributes or characteristics. In other aspects, certain aerodynamic performance or characteristics can be paired or matched with particular golf ball constructions, thereby resulting in a particular golf ball behavior. In certain aspects, a particular golf ball dimple pattern or dimple parameters are enumerated herein that result in a particular aerodynamic profile having at least one of the disclosed aerodynamic performance attributes or characteristics.
• a golf ball that comprises at least a core and a cover.
• the golf ball can include at least one additional layer besides a core and a cover.
• the golf ball can include a multi-layered core, a multi-layered cover, and/or a multi-layered casing/ intermediate layer. Further details of the golf ball construction are provided herein.
• the golf ball can have a weight of 1.600 ounces - 1.620 ounces. In one aspect, the golf ball can have a weight of less than 1.600 ounces, or greater than 1.620 ounces.
• the weight of the golf ball can vary.
• the golf ball has a diameter of 1.680 inches - 1.700 inches. In one aspect, the golf ball can have a diameter of greater than 1.700 inches, or less than 1.680 inches. One of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the size or diameter of the golf ball can vary.
• the cover can comprise a plurality of dimples arranged in a dimple pattern that has or exhibits a series of drag coefficients (C D ) and lift coefficients (C L ) across a variety of Reynolds numbers and spin ratios.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 120,000 and a spin ratio of 0.100.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.240 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.240 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.235 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.240 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.240 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.235 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.245 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.235 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.245 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.240 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.245 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.240 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.245 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.240 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.240 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.245 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.245 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060. In one aspect, the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.200 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.120 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.200 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.195 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.120 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.195 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.190 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.120 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.190 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.185 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.120 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.185 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.180 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.120 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.180 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.125 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.200 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.125 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.185 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.130 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.200 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.130 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.185 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the drag and lift coefficients can have a particular relationship. This particular relationship can be associated with or dictate the flight window of the golf ball. In one aspect, this particular relationship can be defined at a Reynolds number of 225,000, and a spin ratio of 0.070. In one aspect, the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient can have the following relationship: 1.600 ⁇ C D /C L ⁇ 1.800. In another aspect, the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient can have the following relationship: 1.800 ⁇ C D /C L . In yet another aspect, the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient can have the following relationship: C D /C L ⁇ 2.000. In yet another aspect, the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient can have the following relationship: C D /C L ⁇ 1.600.
• the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient can have the following relationship: 1.400 ⁇ C D /C L . In a further aspect, the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient can have the following relationship: 1.400 ⁇ C D /C L ⁇ 1.600. In a further aspect, the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient can have the following relationship: 1.600 ⁇ C D /C L ⁇ 1.800. In a further aspect, the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient can have the following relationship: 1.600 ⁇ C D /C L ⁇ 2.000. Various other details regarding the relationship between the drag and lift coefficients are provided herein.
• the present disclosure provides various exemplary patterns that exhibit the presently disclosed aerodynamic performance attributes or characteristics.
• the dimple pattern can be comprised of 250 - 270 dimples, with a surface coverage of 79.0% - 81.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0400 in 3 - 0.0500 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern can be comprised of 340 - 360 dimples, with a surface coverage of 80.0% - 84.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0356 - 0.0435 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern can be comprised of 215 - 240 dimples, with a surface coverage of 77.0% - 80.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0400 in 3 - 0.0500 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern is comprised of 240 - 260 dimples, with a surface coverage of 76.0% - 79.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0400 in 3 - 0.0500 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern is comprised of 250 - 270 dimples, with a surface coverage of 79.0% - 81.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0500 in 3 - 0.0600 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern is comprised of 235 - 255 dimples, with a surface coverage of 77.0% - 80.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0375 in 3 - 0.0475 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern is comprised of 220 - 270 dimples, with a surface coverage of 77.0% - 83.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0425 in 3 - 0.0575 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern is comprised of 340 - 390 dimples, with a surface coverage of 80.0% - 85.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0380 in 3 - 0.0425 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern is comprised of 280 - 420 dimples, with a surface coverage of 70.0% - 81.0%, and has a maximum dimple diameter disparity that is at least 0.040 inches.
• the dimple pattern is comprised of 270 - 320 dimples, with a surface coverage of 76.0% - 85.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0350 in 3 - 0.0440 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern is comprised of 490 - 620 dimples, with a surface coverage of 79.0% - 85.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0175 in 3 - 0.0375 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern is comprised of 390 - 490 dimples, with a surface coverage of 77.0% - 86.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0225 in 3 - 0.0450 in 3 .
• a golf ball that exhibits the presently disclosed aerodynamic performance attributes or characteristics can be associated with a golf ball having various golf ball construction parameters.
• the golf ball construction can be classified or characterized generally according to certain performance characteristics, such as compression, coefficient of restitution, initial velocity, etc. Each of these parameters is described in more detail herein.
• the golf ball can have a compression of at least 80. In one aspect, the golf ball can have a compression of at least 90. In another example, the golf ball can have a compression of at least 95.
• the compression can vary.
• the golf ball has a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.800. In another aspect, the golf ball can have a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.805. The golf ball can have a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.810 in another aspect.
• the coefficient of restitution can vary.
• the golf ball can have an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second. In another aspect, the initial velocity can be at least 252 feet/second. In another aspect, the initial velocity can be at least 245 feet/second. One of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the initial velocity can vary.
• the golf ball core can have a weight of at least 1.115 ounces. In one aspect, the golf ball core can have a weight of at least 1.220 ounces. In one aspect, the golf ball core can have a weight of at least 1.225 ounces. In one aspect, the golf ball core can have a weight of at least 1.320 ounces.
• the golf ball core can have a diameter of at least 1.500 inches. In one aspect, the golf ball core can have a diameter of at least 1.525 inches. In one aspect, the golf ball core can have a diameter of at least 1.545 inches. In one aspect, the golf ball core can have a diameter of at least 1.570 inches.
• the golf ball core can have a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.785. In one aspect, the golf ball core can have a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.790. In one aspect, the golf ball core can have a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.800.
• DA integrated drag area
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 14,500 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,500.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 14,750 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,250.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 14,500 ⁇ DA.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 14,750 ⁇ DA.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 15,000 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,500.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 15,250 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,500.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 15,000 ⁇ DA.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 14,750 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,500.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 14,500 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,250.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 14,500 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,000.
• a golf ball in yet another aspect, comprises at least a core and a cover.
• the golf ball can have a weight of 1.600 ounces - 1.620 ounces and a diameter of 1.680 inches - 1.700 inches.
• the golf ball can have a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.800 and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second.
• a golf ball has a weight of 1.600 ounces - 1.620 ounces and a diameter of 1.680 inches - 1.700 inches
• C D (Re) is established at a launch condition of a golf ball speed of 182.0 mph, a launch angle of 10.0 degrees, and a spin rate of 2,700 rpm, and wherein 14,500 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,500; C L ⁇ 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060; and C L ⁇ 0.200 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• a golf ball is disclosed herein that includes at least a core, a casing layer, and a cover formed from urethane.
• the golf ball has a weight of 1.600 ounces - 1.620 ounces, a diameter of 1.680 inches - 1.700 inches, a compression of at least 80, a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.800, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second.
• the core has a weight of at least 1.245 ounces, a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.785, and a diameter of at least 1.525 inches.
• the cover includes a plurality of dimples arranged in a dimple pattern having a drag coefficient (C D ) and a lift coefficient (C L ), such that 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070, 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095, and 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 120,000 and a spin ratio of 0.100.
• C D drag coefficient
• C L lift coefficient
• the lift coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060.
• the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient at a Reynolds number of 225,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070 have the following relationship: 1.400 ⁇ C D /C L ⁇ 2.000.
• the dimple pattern can be comprised of 220 - 270 dimples, with a surface coverage of 77.0% - 83.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0425 in 3 - 0.0575 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern can be comprised of 340 - 390 dimples, with a surface coverage of 80.0% - 85.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0380 in 3 - 0.0425 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern can be comprised of 280 - 420 dimples, with a surface coverage of 70.0% - 81.0%, and has a maximum dimple diameter disparity that is at least 0.040.
• the dimple pattern can be comprised of 270 - 320 dimples, with a surface coverage of 76.0% - 85.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0350 in 3 - 0.0440 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern can be comprised of 490 - 620 dimples, with a surface coverage of 79.0% - 85.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0175 in 3 - 0.0375 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern can be comprised of 390 - 490 dimples, with a surface coverage of 77.0% - 86.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0225 in 3 - 0.0450 in 3 .
• the golf ball can have a compression of at least 90.
• the golf ball can have a compression of at least 95.
• the golf ball can have a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.805.
• the golf ball can have a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.810.
• the core can have a weight of at least 1.260 ounces.
• the core can have a weight of at least 1.280 ounces.
• the core can have a diameter of at least 1.545 inches.
• the core can have a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.790.
• the core can have a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.795.
• the core can have a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.800.
• the lift coefficient can be less than or equal to 0.200 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the core can have a weight of at least 1.260 ounces, a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.790, and a diameter of at least 1.530 inches.
• the core can have a weight of at least 1.290 ounces, a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.795, and a diameter of at least 1.550 inches.
• the integrated drag area is defined such that 14,750 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,500. In another aspect, the integrated drag area is defined such that 15,000 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,500. In another aspect, the integrated drag area is defined such that 14,500 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,250. In another aspect, the integrated drag area is defined such that 14,500 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,000.
• the dimples on a golf ball are used to adjust or modify the aerodynamic characteristics of a golf ball and, therefore, the dimple patterns, shape, volume, and various other dimple properties or characteristics can be designed in order to modify the overall flight of a golf ball. Determining specific dimple arrangements and dimple shapes that result in desired aerodynamic properties can involve the direct measurement of aerodynamic characteristics. These aerodynamic characteristics define the forces acting upon the golf ball throughout flight.
• the term "dimple" can include any texturizing on the surface of a golf ball, e.g., depressions and projections.
• Aerodynamic forces acting on a golf ball are typically resolved into orthogonal components of lift and drag.
• Lift is defined as the aerodynamic force component acting perpendicular to the flight path. It results from a difference in pressure that is created by a distortion in the air flow that results from the back spin of the golf ball.
• a boundary layer forms at the stagnation point of the ball, B, then grows and separates at points S1 and S2, as shown in Figure 1A . Due to the ball backspin, the top of the ball moves in the direction of the airflow, which delays the separation of the boundary layer. In contrast, the bottom of the ball moves against the direction of airflow, thus advancing the separation of the boundary layer at the bottom of the ball.
• the position of separation of the boundary layer at the top of the ball, S1 is further back than the position of separation of the boundary layer at the bottom of the ball, S2.
• This asymmetrical separation creates a downward deflection in the flow pattern, requiring the air over the top of the ball to move faster and, thus, have lower pressure than the air underneath the ball.
• Drag is defined as the aerodynamic force component acting parallel to the golf ball's flight direction. As the ball travels through the air, the air surrounding the ball has different velocities and, accordingly, different pressures. The air exerts maximum pressure at the stagnation point, B, on the front of the ball, as shown in Figure 1A . The air then flows over the sides toward the back of the golf ball and separates from the surface of the golf ball at points S1 and S2, leaving a large turbulent flow area with low pressure, i.e., the wake. The difference between the high pressure in front of the golf ball and the low pressure in the wake behind the golf ball reduces the speed and acts as the primary source of drag for a golf ball.
• the lift force (F L ) is the component of the aerodynamic force acting in a direction dictated by the cross product of the spin vector and the velocity vector.
• the drag force (F D ) is the component of the aerodynamic force acting in a direction that is directly opposite the velocity vector.
• Lift and drag coefficients are used to quantify the force imparted to a golf ball in flight and are dependent on air density, air viscosity, ball speed, and spin rate; the influence of all these parameters may be captured by two dimensionless parameters: spin ratio (SR) and Reynolds number (Re).
• SR spin ratio
• Re Reynolds number
• Spin ratio is the rotational surface speed of the ball divided by ball velocity.
• Reynolds number quantifies the ratio of inertial to viscous forces acting on the golf ball moving through air.
• the desired aerodynamic performance characterized by the coefficients of lift and drag
• various elements of dimple pattern characterization including but not limited to total dimple count, total surface coverage, total dimple volume, number of different dimple diameters, average dimple diameter, range of dimple diameters, dimple plan shape, dimple profile, and underlying pattern geometry to generate exemplary dimple pattern categories.
• the aerodynamic performance parameters and features disclosed herein can provide a golf ball with a relatively increased drag profile as compared to modern, high-performance dimple patterns.
• the presently disclosed aerodynamic performance parameters and features can be considered relatively "high drag" as compared to modern, high-performance dimple patterns.
• a golf ball exhibiting the disclosed aerodynamic performance parameters and features disclosed herein can have a relatively shorter carry distance as compared to golf balls having modern, high-performance dimple patterns, assuming all other factors are maintained constant, such as golf ball construction parameters.
• the presently disclosed aerodynamic performance parameters and features can be matched or paired with relatively faster golf ball constructions, such as a golf ball having a relatively higher COR and/or initial velocity compared to modern, high-performance golf balls.
• the presently disclosed aerodynamic performance parameters and features can be matched or paired with modern, high-performance golf ball constructions, i.e., a golf ball exhibiting a COR and/or initial velocity that is typical of a majority of modern, high-performance golf balls.
• One of ordinary skill in the art would understand based on the present disclosure that the aerodynamic performance parameters and features disclosed herein can also be matched or paired with relatively slower golf ball constructions, as well.
• Determination of the drag coefficient (C D ) is necessary to calculate the drag force acting on a golf ball at a given instant in flight, and for a golf ball of a given diameter traveling at a given speed through air with a given density, a higher drag coefficient indicates a greater drag force acting on that golf ball.
• C D the drag coefficient
• a sub-set of golf balls such as at least six golf balls, or at least twelve golf balls, are tested in an ITR in the pole-over-pole orientation and in the poles-horizontal orientation, yielding at least six sets of flight data per orientation, and the drag and lift coefficients in each orientation are determined at the following set of fifteen conditions shown in Table 1.
• Table 1 Condition Nominal Speed (ft/s) Nominal Spin (rev/s) 1 278 35 2 278 52 3 220 30 4 220 38 5 220 49 6 161 29 7 161 47 8 130 30 9 130 39 10 130 48 11 108 29 12 108 44 13 96 30 14 95 36 15 93 42
• the median drag coefficient and the median lift coefficient at each condition is used in conjunction with the methodology set forth by the United States Golf Association's for Overall Distance and Symmetry conformance testing to predict the aerodynamic performance of the golf ball.
• the lift and drag coefficients are calculated for each ball individually in each orientation at the fifteen conditions using the following equations, wherein a 1 -a 3 , b 1 -b 3 , c 1 -c 4 , and d 1 -d 2 are determined using a least squares regression per the USGA's published documentation, including The Indoor Test Range (ITR) Technical Description and Operation Manual and associated addenda:
• C L a 1 + a 2 Re 5 + a 8 Re 7 + b 1 + b 2 ln Re Re 2 + b 3 Re 2 ⁇ SR
• C D c 1 + c 2 Re 3 + c 3 Re 5 + c 4 Re 7 + d 1 + d 2 ln Re Re 2 ⁇ SR 2
• the individual ball results are then used to determine the median lift
• Figures 3A and 3B the drag coefficient at corresponding Reynolds numbers throughout the predicted flight is illustrated for an exemplary golf ball having a relatively higher drag coefficient profile according to the present disclosure. More specifically, Figure 3A illustrates the drag coefficient for the median golf ball tested using a pole-over-pole orientation, and Figure 3B illustrates the drag coefficient for the median golf ball tested using the poles-horizontal orientation. Although not specifically illustrated, one of ordinary skill in the art would understand that all of the Preferred Examples disclosed herein would have associated drag coefficient profiles similar to Figures 3A and 3B , and that the associated drag coefficient profiles may be higher or lower than those illustrated in Figures 3A and 3B .
• Drag coefficient profile similar to Figure 3A may be associated with the poles-horizontal orientation and that of Figure 3B may be associated with the pole-over-pole orientation.
• the drag coefficient is the average of the drag coefficient of the median ball in the pole-over-pole orientation and the drag coefficient of the median ball in the poles-horizontal orientation.
• the lift coefficient is the average of the lift coefficient of the median ball in the pole-over-pole orientation and the lift coefficient of the median ball in the poles-horizontal orientation.
• the drag area characterizes the effectiveness of the aerodynamic performance of a dimple pattern throughout approximately the first second of flight, during which aerodynamic forces are most pronounced.
• a lower drag area can be indicative of a more efficient aerodynamic pattern, representing a longer predicted distance at the specified launch conditions and using the disclosed methodology.
• a pattern with a higher drag area may have a shorter predicted flight distance under the discussed methodology.
• the predicted trajectory for the golf ball is then calculated by the USGA's computation procedure with initial launch inputs (i.e., initial or launch condition) of a golf ball speed of 182.0 mph, a launch angle 10.0 degrees, and a spin rate of 2,700 rpm for each orientation, pole-over-pole and poles-horizontal, and the Reynolds numbers and drag coefficients from the simulation for the median ball are retained and have a functional relationship C D (Re).
• initial launch inputs i.e., initial or launch condition
• C D Re
• DA PP ⁇ 160 , 000 225 , 000 C D Re dRe
• DA PH ⁇ 160 , 000 225 , 000 C D Re dRe
• DA DA PP + DA PH 2
• the integrals are calculated by a Reimann sum with at least eight trapezoidal partitions.
• One of ordinary skill in the art will understand that alternative partition shapes may be used in conjunction with a Reimann or other summation.
• the integrated drag area is illustrated for an exemplary golf ball having a relatively higher drag coefficient profile according to the present disclosure.
• the integrated drag area shown in Figures 4A and 4B can be measured using a setup condition of 182.0 mph golf ball speed, 10.0 degree launch angle, and 2,700 rpm spin rate or rotational speed. More specifically, Figure 4A illustrates the integrated drag area for a golf ball tested using a pole-over-pole orientation, and Figure 4B illustrates the integrated drag area for a golf ball tested using the poles-horizontal orientation.
• dimple patterns for golf balls can be configured to provide an associated flight window, which in some aspects can be related to or dependent on a drag coefficient and/or lift coefficient associated with said dimple patterns.
• a dimple pattern that provides a relatively lower drag coefficient to lift coefficient ratio (C D /C L ) can generally correspond to a higher flying golf ball while a relatively higher drag coefficient to lift coefficient ratio (C D /C L ) can generally correspond to a lower flying golf ball.
• Table 2 below provides some exemplary ranges for drag coefficient to lift coefficient ratios (C D /C L ).
• drag coefficient can correspond to a median drag coefficient and lift coefficient can correspond to a median lift coefficient as measured for a sample number of golf balls as detailed above.
• the listed drag coefficient to lift coefficient ratios (C D /C L ) provide ranges for exemplary golf balls having a relatively fast golf ball construction or a modern, high-performance golf ball construction.
• the values below can correspond to golf balls having a COR of at least 0.800, and/or an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second.
• any recited values for C D /C L refer to the median drag and lift coefficients at a Reynolds number of 225,000, and spin ratio of 0.070.
• the objective range of a "high" flight window golf ball (i.e., 1.400 ⁇ C D /C L ⁇ 1.600) can correspond to a relatively high peak height of a golf ball.
• the objective range of a "middle" flight window golf ball (i.e., 1.600 ⁇ C D /C L ⁇ 1.800) can correspond to a relatively medium peak height of a golf ball.
• the objective range of a "low" flight window golf ball (i.e., 1.800 ⁇ C D /C L ⁇ 2.000) can correspond to a relatively low peak height of a golf ball.
• a golf ball can be provided that exhibits a drag coefficient and a lift coefficient having the following relationship: 1.600 ⁇ C D /C L ⁇ 1.800. In another aspect, a golf ball can be provided that exhibits a drag coefficient and a lift coefficient having the following relationship: 1.800 ⁇ C D /C L . In another aspect, a golf ball can be provided that exhibits a drag coefficient and a lift coefficient having the following relationship: C D /C L ⁇ 2.000. In another aspect, a golf ball can be provided that exhibits a drag coefficient and a lift coefficient having the following relationship: C D /C L ⁇ 2.000.
• a golf ball in another aspect, can be provided that exhibits a drag coefficient and a lift coefficient having the following relationship: C D /C L ⁇ 1.600. In another aspect, a golf ball can be provided that exhibits a drag coefficient and a lift coefficient having the following relationship: 1.400 ⁇ C D /C L . In another aspect, a golf ball can be provided that exhibits a drag coefficient and a lift coefficient having the following relationship: 1.400 ⁇ C D /C L .
• a golf ball that comprises at least a core and a cover.
• the golf ball can include at least one additional layer besides a core and a cover.
• the golf ball can include a multi-layered core, a multi-layered cover, and/or a multi-layered casing/ intermediate layer.
• the golf ball can have a weight of 1.600 ounces - 1.620 ounces.
• the weight of the golf ball can vary. For example, in one aspect, the weight can be less than 1.600 ounces, or the weight can be greater than 1.620 ounces.
• the golf ball can have a diameter of 1.680 inches - 1.700 inches.
• the size or diameter of the golf ball can vary.
• the diameter can be less than 1.680 inches or the diameter can be greater than 1.700 inches.
• the cover can comprise a plurality of dimples arranged in a dimple pattern that has or exhibits a series of drag coefficients (C L ) and a lift coefficients (C L ) over a variety of Reynolds numbers and spin ratios.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 120,000 and a spin ratio of 0.100.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.240 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.240 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.240 at a Reynolds number of 120,000 and a spin ratio of 0.100.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.235 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.235 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.235 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 120,000 and a spin ratio of 0.100.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.240 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.240 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.240 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 120,000 and a spin ratio of 0.100.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D at a Reynolds number of 120,000 and a spin ratio of 0.100.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.235 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.245 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.235 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.245 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.235 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.245 at a Reynolds number of 120,000 and a spin ratio of 0.100.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.245 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.245 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095.
• the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.235 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.245 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070; and the drag coefficient has the following range: 0.235 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.245 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.200 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.120 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.200 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.195 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.120 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.195 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.190 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.120 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.190 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.185 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.120 .at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.185 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.180 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.120 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.180 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.125 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.200 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.125 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.185 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.130 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.200 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the golf ball can have a lift coefficient such that: C L ⁇ 0.130 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.185 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• the drag and lift coefficients can have a particular relationship. This particular relationship can be associated with or dictate the flight window of the golf ball.
• the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient can have the following relationship: 1.600 ⁇ C D /C L ⁇ 1.800.
• the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient can have the following relationship: 1.800 ⁇ C D /C L .
• the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient can have the following relationship: C D /C L ⁇ 2.000.
• the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient can have the following relationship: C D /C L ⁇ 1.600.
• the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient can have the following relationship: 1.400 ⁇ C D /C L .
• the drag coefficient and the lift coefficient can have the following relationship: 1.800 ⁇ C D /C L .
• the present disclosure provides various exemplary patterns that exhibit the presently disclosed aerodynamic performance attributes or characteristics.
• the dimple pattern can be comprised of 250 - 270 dimples, with a surface coverage of 79.0% - 81.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0400 in 3 - 0.0500 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern can be comprised of 340 - 360 dimples, with a surface coverage of 80.0% - 84.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0355 in 3 - 0.0435 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern can be comprised of 215 - 240 dimples, with a surface coverage of 77.0% - 80.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0400 in 3 - 0.0500 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern is comprised of 240 - 260 dimples, with a surface coverage of 76.0% - 79.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0400 in 3 - 0.0500 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern is comprised of 250 - 270 dimples, with a surface coverage of 79.0% - 81.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0500 in 3 - 0.0600 in 3 .
• the dimple pattern is comprised of 235 - 255 dimples, with a surface coverage of 77.0% - 80.0%, and a dimple volume of 0.0375 in 3 - 0.0475 in 3 .
• a golf ball that exhibits the presently disclosed aerodynamic performance attributes or characteristics can be associated with a golf ball having various golf ball construction parameters.
• the golf ball construction can be classified or characterized generally according to certain performance characteristics, such as compression, coefficient of restitution, initial velocity, etc. Each of these parameters is described in more detail herein.
• the golf ball can have a compression of at least 80. In one aspect, the golf ball can have a compression of at least 90. In another example, the golf ball can have a compression of at least 95. In another aspect, the golf ball can have a compression of less than 90. In another example, the golf ball can have a compression of not greater than 85. One of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the compression can vary.
• the golf ball has a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.800. In another aspect, the golf ball can have a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.805. The golf ball can have a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.810 in another aspect.
• the coefficient of restitution can vary.
• the golf ball can have an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second. In another aspect, the initial velocity can be at least 252 feet/second. In another aspect, the initial velocity can be at least 245 feet/second. One of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the initial velocity can vary.
• DA integrated drag area
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 14,500 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,500.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 14,750 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,250.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 14,500 ⁇ DA.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 14,750 ⁇ DA.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 15,000 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,500.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 15,250 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,500.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 15,000 ⁇ DA.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 14,750 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,500.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 14,500 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,250.
• the integrated drag area can be defined such that: 14,500 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,000.
• a golf ball in yet another aspect, comprises at least a core and a cover.
• the golf ball can have a weight of 1.600 ounces - 1.620 ounces and a diameter of 1.680 inches - 1.700 inches.
• the golf ball can have a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.800 and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second.
• a golf ball has a weight of 1.600 ounces - 1.620 ounces and a diameter of 1.680 inches - 1.700 inches
• C D (Re) is established at a launch condition of a golf ball speed of 182.0 mph, a launch angle of 10.0 degrees, and a spin rate of 2,700 rpm, and wherein 14,500 ⁇ DA ⁇ 15,500; C L ⁇ 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060; and C L ⁇ 0.200 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• a dimple pattern is provided that is generally referred to herein as a first conventional dimple pattern. More specifically, the first conventional example includes a dimple pattern comprising 336 dimples in an octahedron pattern split into eight concentric straight rows. In one aspect, the dimples of first conventional dimple pattern each have spherical cross-sectional profiles. In one aspect, the dimples of the first conventional dimple pattern each have circular plan shapes. Table 3 discloses the relevant parameters of the dimples associated with the first conventional dimple pattern, along with its associated aerodynamic characteristic. Figures 5A and 5B illustrate an exemplary pattern including the first conventional dimple pattern.
• a dimple pattern is provided that is generally referred to herein as a second conventional dimple pattern.
• the dimples of second conventional dimple pattern each have spherical cross-sectional profiles.
• the dimples of the second conventional dimple pattern each have circular plan shapes.
• Table 4 discloses the relevant parameters of the dimples associated with the second conventional dimple pattern, along with its associated aerodynamic characteristic.
• Figures 6A and 6B illustrate an exemplary pattern including the second conventional dimple pattern.
• a dimple pattern is provided that is generally referred to herein as a third conventional dimple pattern.
• the dimples of third conventional dimple pattern each have spherical cross-sectional profiles.
• the dimples of the third conventional dimple pattern each have circular plan shapes.
• Table 5 discloses the relevant parameters of the dimples associated with the third conventional dimple pattern, along with its associated aerodynamic characteristic.
• Figures 7A and 7B illustrate an exemplary pattern including the third conventional dimple pattern.
• a dimple pattern is provided that is generally referred to herein as a fourth conventional dimple pattern.
• the dimples of fourth conventional dimple pattern each have catenary cross-sectional profiles.
• the dimples of the fourth conventional dimple pattern each have circular plan shapes.
• Table 6 discloses the relevant parameters of the dimples associated with the fourth conventional dimple pattern, along with its associated aerodynamic characteristic.
• Figures 8A and 8B illustrate an exemplary pattern including the fourth conventional dimple pattern.
• a dimple pattern is provided that is generally referred to herein as a fifth conventional Dimple Pattern.
• the dimples of fifth conventional dimple pattern each have spherical cross-sectional profiles.
• the dimples of the fifth conventional dimple pattern each have circular plan shapes.
• Table 7 discloses the relevant parameters of the dimples associated with the fourth conventional dimple pattern, along with its associated aerodynamic characteristic.
• Figures 9A and 9B illustrate an exemplary pattern including the fifth conventional dimple pattern.
• the following enumerated preferred examples provide specific aerodynamic performance features or characteristics associated with a particular set of dimple pattern parameters.
• various other dimple patterns can be provided that would also have specific aerodynamic performance features or characteristics.
• the dimple profile is spherical and the dimple plan shape is circular for each of the dimple patterns disclosed below.
• dimple profiles that are non-spherical and/or dimple plan shapes that are non-circular could be used.
• a golf ball according to Preferred Example 1 has a first dimple pattern.
• Table 8 discloses the relevant parameters of the dimples associated with the first dimple pattern, along with the associated aerodynamic characteristics of the first dimple pattern.
• Figures 10A and 10B illustrate an exemplary pattern including the first dimple pattern.
• the dimples of first dimple pattern each have spherical cross-sectional profiles.
• the dimples of the first dimple pattern each have circular plan shapes.
• a golf ball according to Preferred Example 2 has a second dimple pattern.
• Table 9 discloses the relevant parameters of the dimples associated with the second dimple pattern, along with the associated aerodynamic characteristics of the second dimple pattern.
• Figures 11A and 11B illustrate an exemplary pattern including the second dimple pattern.
• the dimples of second dimple pattern each have spherical cross-sectional profiles.
• the dimples of the second dimple pattern each have circular plan shapes.
• a golf ball according to Preferred Example 3 has a third dimple pattern.
• Table 10 discloses the relevant parameters of the dimples associated with the third dimple pattern, along with the associated aerodynamic characteristics of the third dimple pattern.
• Figures 12A and 12B illustrate an exemplary pattern including the third dimple pattern.
• the dimples of third dimple pattern each have spherical cross-sectional profiles.
• the dimples of the third dimple pattern each have circular plan shapes.
• a golf ball according to Preferred Example 4 has a fourth dimple pattern.
• Table 11 discloses the relevant parameters of the dimples associated with the fourth dimple pattern, along with the associated aerodynamic characteristics of the fourth dimple pattern.
• Figures 13A and 13B illustrate an exemplary pattern including the fourth dimple pattern.
• the dimples of fourth dimple pattern each have spherical cross-sectional profiles.
• the dimples of the fourth dimple pattern each have circular plan shapes.
• a golf ball according to Preferred Example 5 has a fifth dimple pattern.
• Table 12 discloses the relevant parameters of the dimples associated with the fifth dimple pattern, along with the associated aerodynamic characteristics of the fifth dimple pattern.
• Figures 14A and 14B illustrates an exemplary pattern including the fifth dimple pattern.
• the dimples of fifth dimple pattern each have spherical cross-sectional profiles.
• the dimples of the fifth dimple pattern each have circular plan shapes.
• a golf ball according to Preferred Example 6 has a sixth dimple pattern.
• Table 13 discloses the relevant parameters of the dimples associated with the sixth dimple pattern, along with the associated aerodynamic characteristics of the sixth dimple pattern.
• Figures 15A and 15B illustrates an exemplary pattern including the sixth dimple pattern.
• the dimples of sixth dimple pattern each have spherical cross-sectional profiles.
• the dimples of the sixth dimple pattern each have circular plan shapes.
• a golf ball according to Preferred Example 7 has a seventh dimple pattern.
• Table 14 discloses the relevant parameters of the dimples associated with the seventh dimple pattern, along with the associated aerodynamic characteristics of the seventh dimple pattern.
• Figures 16A and 16B illustrate an exemplary pattern including the seventh dimple pattern.
• the dimples of seventh dimple pattern each have spherical cross-sectional profiles.
• the dimples of the seventh dimple pattern each have circular plan shapes.
• a golf ball according to Preferred Example 8 has an eighth dimple pattern.
• Table 15 discloses the relevant parameters of the dimples associated with the eighth dimple pattern, along with the associated aerodynamic characteristics of the eighth dimple pattern.
• Figures 17A and 17B illustrate an exemplary pattern including the eighth dimple pattern.
• the dimples of eighth dimple pattern each have spherical cross-sectional profiles.
• the dimples of the eighth dimple pattern each have circular plan shapes.
• a golf ball according to Preferred Example 9 has a ninth dimple pattern.
• Table 16 discloses the relevant parameters of the dimples associated with the ninth dimple pattern, along with the associated aerodynamic characteristics of the ninth dimple pattern.
• Figures 18A and 18B illustrate an exemplary pattern including the ninth dimple pattern.
• the dimples of ninth dimple pattern each have spherical cross-sectional profiles.
• the dimples of the ninth dimple pattern each have circular plan shapes.
• a golf ball according to Preferred Example 10 has a tenth dimple pattern.
• Table 17 discloses the relevant parameters of the dimples associated with the tenth dimple pattern, along with the associated aerodynamic characteristics of the tenth dimple pattern.
• Figures 19A and 19B illustrate an exemplary pattern including the tenth dimple pattern.
• the dimples of tenth dimple pattern each have spherical cross-sectional profiles.
• the dimples of the tenth dimple pattern each have circular plan shapes.
• dimple pattern properties such as total dimples or quantity of dimples, total surface coverage percentage by dimples, quantity of different dimple diameters, average dimple diameters, dimple volume, chord depths, edge angles, dimple diameter disparities, etc.
• an exemplary golf ball having the aerodynamic properties disclosed herein can include at least 100 dimples, or at least 200 dimples, or at least 300 dimples, or at least 400 dimples, or at least 500 dimples, or at least 600 dimples, or at least 700 dimples.
• total number of dimples on a golf ball having the aerodynamic properties disclosed herein can be 200 - 350 dimples, or 125 - 300 dimples, or 250 - 450 dimples, or 350 - 450 dimples, or 375 dimples - 500 dimples.
• total number of dimples on a golf ball having the aerodynamic properties disclosed herein can be at least 300 dimples, or at least 350 dimples, or at least 400 dimples, or at least 450 dimples. In one aspect, total number of dimples on a golf ball having the aerodynamic properties disclosed herein can be no greater than 400 dimples, or no greater than 350 dimples, or no greater than 300 dimples, or no greater than 250 dimples.
• the total surface coverage of dimples on a golf ball having the aerodynamic properties disclosed herein can vary, along with other specific dimple parameters.
• the dimples can cover at least 60% of a total surface area of the golf ball.
• the dimples can cover at least 65% of a total surface area of the golf ball.
• the dimples can cover at least 70% of a total surface area of the golf ball.
• the dimples can cover at least 75% of a total surface area of the golf ball.
• the dimples can cover at least 80% of a total surface area of the golf ball.
• the dimples can cover less than 70% of a total surface area of the golf ball.
• the dimples can cover less than 75% of a total surface area of the golf ball. In another aspect, the dimples can cover less than 80% of a total surface area of the golf ball. In another aspect, the dimples can cover less than 65% of a total surface area of the golf ball. In particular, total surface area is calculated using the surface cap coverage of the dimples.
• a golf ball having the aerodynamic properties disclosed herein can include dimples of various dimple diameters, as one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate.
• the golf ball can include dimples having one dimple diameter, two dimple diameters, three dimple diameter, four dimple diameters, five dimple diameters, six dimple diameters, seven dimple diameters, eight dimple diameters, nine dimple diameters, ten dimple diameters, or more than ten dimple diameters.
• plan shape area it is meant the area based on a planar view of the dimple plan shape, such that the viewing plane is normal to an axis connecting the center of the golf ball to the centroid of the dimple. Diameter measurements are determined on finished golf balls according to Figure 2 . Generally, it may be difficult to measure a dimple's diameter due to the indistinct nature of the boundary dividing the dimple from the ball's undisturbed land surface.
• dimple diameter on a finished golf ball is measured according to the method shown in Figure 2.
• Figure 2 shows a dimple halfprofile 4, extending from the dimple centerline 1 to the land surface outside of the dimple 3.
• a ball phantom surface 2 is constructed above the dimple as a continuation of the land surface 3.
• a first tangent line T1 is then constructed at a point on the dimple sidewall that is spaced 0.003 inches radially inward from the phantom surface 2.
• T1 intersects phantom surface 2 at a point P1, which defines a nominal dimple edge position.
• a second tangent line T2 is then constructed, tangent to the phantom surface 2, at P1.
• the edge angle is the angle between T1 and T2.
• the dimple diameter is the distance between P1 and its equivalent point diametrically opposite along the dimple perimeter. Alternatively, it is twice the distance between P1 and the dimple centerline 1, measured in a direction perpendicular to centerline 1.
• the dimple depth is the distance measured along a ball radius from the phantom surface of the ball to the deepest point on the dimple.
• the dimple volume is the space enclosed between the phantom surface 2 and the dimple surface 4 (extended along T1 until it intersects the phantom surface).
• dimples having substantially the same diameter also referred to herein as "same diameter” dimples, includes dimples on a finished ball having respective diameters that differ by less than 0.005 inches due to manufacturing variances.
• dimple properties such as dimple volume, may differ among finished balls due to manufacturing variances.
• an average dimple diameter of dimples for a golf ball having the aerodynamic properties disclosed herein can be 0.100 inches - 0.200 inches. In one aspect, the average dimple diameter can be 0.050 inches - 0.300 inches. In one aspect, the average dimple diameter can be 0.120 inches - 0.250 inches. In one aspect, the average dimple diameter is no greater than 0.175 inches. In one aspect, the average dimple diameter is no greater than 0.200 inches. In one aspect, the average dimple diameter is no greater than 0.250 inches. In one aspect, the average dimple diameter is at least 0.125. In one aspect, the average dimple diameter is at least 0.150 inches. In one aspect, the average dimple diameter is at least 0.175 inches. In one aspect, the average dimple diameter is at least 0.200 inches.
• a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.115 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.185 inches. In another aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.100 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.185 inches. In another aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.110 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.185 inches. In another aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.100 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.200 inches. In another aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.110 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.180 inches. In another aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.128 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.195 inches.
• a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.140 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.210 inches. In another aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.110 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.180 inches. In another aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.125 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.198 inches. In another aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.110 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.195 inches. In another aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.140 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.250 inches. In another aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.177 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.255 inches.
• a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.128 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.180 inches. In another aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.125 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.170 inches. In another aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.120 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.170 inches. In another aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.100 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.200 inches. In another aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.100 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.210 inches. In another aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be 0.140 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be 0.210 inches.
• a minimum dimple diameter can be at least 0.115 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be no greater than 0.185 inches. In one aspect, a minimum dimple diameter can be at least 0.115 inches and a maximum dimple diameter can be no greater than 0.210 inches.
• the dimple diameter disparity describes the difference between (i) a dimple diameter and (ii) a dimple diameter or dimple diameters of the nearest size or sizes.
• the minimum dimple diameter disparity would be 0.005 inches (i.e., the difference between the B dimple diameter and the C dimple diameter)
• the maximum dimple diameter disparity would be 0.020 inches (i.e., the difference between the A dimple diameter and the B dimple diameter).
• the minimum dimple diameter disparity and the maximum dimple diameter disparity can be used to describe the relative differences between dimple diameters comprising a given pattern.
• the minimum dimple diameter disparity is at least 0.025 inches.
• the minimum dimple diameter disparity is at least 0.035 inches.
• the minimum dimple diameter disparity is at least 0.045 inches.
• the maximum dimple diameter disparity is not greater than 0.120 inches.
• the maximum dimple diameter disparity is not greater than 0.090 inches.
• the maximum dimple diameter disparity is not greater than 0.060 inches.
• the dimples for a golf ball having the aerodynamic properties disclosed herein can each have a specified chord depth.
• an average chord depth can be measured amongst all of the dimples in a specified dimple pattern.
• the average chord depth can be at least 0.0040 inches.
• the average chord depth can be at least 0.0050 inches.
• the average chord depth can be less than 0.0050 inches.
• the average chord depth can be less than 0.0042 inches.
• the average chord depth can be 0.0030 inches - 0.0060 inches, or 0.0045 inches - 0.0055 inches, or 0.0045 inches - 0.0055 inches, or 0.0050 inches - 0.0070 inches.
• the dimples for a golf ball having the aerodynamic properties disclosed herein can have various edge angles.
• an average edge angle can be measured amongst all of the dimples in a specified dimple pattern.
• the average edge angle can be 10.0 degrees - 16.0 degrees.
• the average edge angle can be 12.0 degrees - 14.0 degrees.
• the average edge angle can be at least 14.0 degrees.
• the average edge angle can be at least 15.0 degrees.
• the average edge angle can be less than 13.0 degrees.
• the average edge angle can be less than 12.0 degrees.
• the golf balls having the aerodynamic properties disclosed herein can have various dimple volumes, i.e., total volume of all of the dimples.
• the dimple volume can be 0.0365 in 3 - 0.0565 in 3 .
• the dimple volume can be 0.0395 in 3 - 0.0535 in 3 .
• the dimple volume can be 0.0400 in 3 - 0.0550 in 3 .
• the dimple volume can be 0.0325 in 3 - 0.0600 in 3 .
• the dimple volume can be at least 0.0400 in 3 .
• the dimple volume can be at least 0.0450 in 3 .
• the dimple volume can be at least 0.0500 in 3 .
• the dimple volume can be at least 0.0550 in 3 . In one aspect, the dimple volume can be no greater than 0.0550 in 3 . In one aspect, the dimple volume can be no greater than 0.0600 in 3 . In one aspect, the dimple volume can be no greater than 0.0650 in 3 . In one aspect, the dimple volume can be no greater than 0.0700 in 3 .
• the golf ball plan shapes and/or profiles of the present disclosure can be part of an overall dimple pattern selected to achieve various desired aerodynamic characteristics.
• Dimple patterns that provide a high percentage of surface coverage are well known in the art.
• U.S. Patents 5,562,552 , 5,575,477 , 5,249,804 , and 4,925,193 which are each hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety as if fully set forth herein, disclose geometric patterns for positioning dimples on a golf ball.
• the dimples can have a cross-sectional profile that is spherical, catenary, or any other shape.
• the cross-sectional profile of the dimples can vary, as one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate.
• Dimple plan shapes may include but are not limited to circular, elliptical, triangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, polygonal, circular periodic, irregular, or any other plan shape known to those skilled in the art.
• the plan shape of the dimples can vary, as one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate.
• Dimple cross-sectional profiles may include but are not limited to spherical, catenary, conical, cylindrical, elliptical, sinusoidal, functional polynomic, superposed functions, or any other profile known to those skilled in the art. They may also have straight, curved, or sloped edges or sides and may concave or convex. In summation, any type of dimple or protrusion (bramble) known to those skilled in the art may be used with the present invention.
• Underlying pattern geometries may include but are not limited to regular, semi-regular, and irregular polyhedrons, including tetrahedrons, cubes, octahedrons, dodecahedrons, icosahedrons, cuboctahedrons, icosidodecahedrons, snub cubes, triangular dipyramids, quadrilateral dipyramids, pentagonal dipyramids, hexagonal dipyramids, heptagonal dipyramids, and other dipyramids.
• non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern categories can be matched or paired with any one or more of the golf ball constructions or non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction categories disclosed herein.
• a first non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a total dimple count of less than 280 dimples, a total surface coverage of at least 75.0% but not greater than 85.0%, a total dimple volume of at least 0.0425 in 3 but not greater than 0.0500 in 3 , a majority of dimples having a circular plan shape, and a regular polyhedron underlying base geometry.
• a second non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a total dimple count of at least 300 but not more than 420 dimples, not more than three dimple diameters, a dimple diameter range of at least 0.100 inches, and a total surface coverage of at least 70.0% but no greater than 82.0%.
• a third non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a total dimple count of at least 430 dimples, a dimple diameter range of at least 0.035 inches but not more than 0.075 inches, and a total surface coverage of at least 76.0% but not more than 83.0%.
• a fourth non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a plurality of dimples having non-circular plan shapes, a total surface coverage of at least 73.0%, a total dimple volume of at least 0.0300 in 3 but not greater than 0.0450 in 3 , and a maximum equivalent dimple diameter of not more than 0.225 inches.
• a fifth non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a total surface coverage of at least 85.0%, a total dimple volume of at least 0.0380 in 3 but not greater than 0.0530 in 3 , and the majority of dimple having a spherical cross-sectional profile.
• a sixth non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a total surface coverage of at least 77.0% but not more than 85.0%, a total dimple volume of at least 0.0365 in 3 but not greater than 0.0445 in 3 , a maximum dimple diameter disparity of no greater than 0.025 inches, and a total dimple count of at least 280 but not greater than 420.
• a seventh non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a total surface coverage of not greater than 75.0%, a maximum dimple diameter of not greater than 0.200 inches, a total dimple count greater than 280 dimples but not greater than 410 dimples, and a total dimple volume of at least 0.0325 in 3 .
• An eighth non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a total dimple count of at least 300 but not more than 390 dimples, a surface coverage of less than 75.0%, and a majority of dimples having a polygonal plan shape.
• a ninth non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a total dimple count of at least 300 but not more than 400 dimples, a surface coverage of at least 75.0%, a majority of dimples having a circular plan shape, a dipyramid underlying base geometry, and a total dimple volume of at least 0.0370 in 3 .
• a tenth non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a total dimple count of at least 270 but not more than 440 dimples, a surface coverage of not greater than 75.0%, a majority of dimples having a circular plan shape, and a plurality of dimples having a non-spherical cross-sectional profile.
• An eleventh non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a total dimple count of at least 270 but not more than 440 dimples, a surface coverage of not greater than 86%, a majority of dimples having a circular plan shape, a plurality of dimples having a non-spherical cross-sectional profile, and a total dimple volume of at least 0.0370 in 3 .
• a twelfth non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a total dimple count of at least 300 but not more than 450 dimples, a surface coverage of not more than 73.0%, a majority of dimples having a circular plan shape, and a majority of dimples having a spherical cross-sectional profile.
• a thirteenth non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a total dimple count of at least 300 but not more than 450 dimples, a surface coverage of at least 75.0%, a majority of dimples having a circular plan shape, a majority of dimples having a spherical cross-sectional profile, and a total dimple volume of at least 0.0370 in 3 .
• a fourteenth non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a total dimple count of at least 280 but not more than 420 dimples, a total surface coverage of at least 75.0%, a majority of dimples having a circular plan shape, and a total dimple volume that is not greater than 0.0300 in 3 .
• a fifteenth non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a total dimple count of at least 260 but not more than 310 dimples, a total surface coverage of at least 70.0% but not greater than 80.0%, and a total dimple volume that is at least 0.0300 in 3 but not greater than 0.0380 in 3 .
• a sixteenth non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may comprise a total dimple count of at least 300 but not more than 390 dimples, a total surface coverage of at least 80.0%, a majority of dimples having a polygonal plan shape, and a majority of the polygonal dimples having a chord depth that is at least 0.0050 in.
• a seventeenth non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may have a total dimple count of not more than 370 dimples, an icosahedron underlying base geometry, a majority of dimples having a circular dimple plan shape, and a total dimple volume of at least 0.0400 in 3 .
• An eighteenth non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may have a plurality of dimples having a spherical cross-sectional profile, a dipyramid underlying base geometry, a total dimple count of at least 300 dimples but not more than 350 dimples, a plurality of dimples having a chord depth that is at least 0.070 inches, and a total surface coverage of at least 80.0%.
• a nineteenth non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may have a total dimple volume of at least 0.0390 in 3 , a total surface coverage of at least 79.0% but not greater than 85.0%, and has an average dimple diameter of at least 0.145 inches but not greater than 0.190 inches.
• a twentieth non-limiting exemplary dimple pattern category may have a total dimple count of at least 320 but not greater than 400, a majority of dimples having a spherical cross-sectional profile, and a plurality of dimples comprised of at least 20% of the total number of dimples has an edge angle that is at least 1.5 degrees different from the edge angle of the remaining dimples.
• the golf ball may have a two-piece construction, a double cover or veneer cover construction or other multi-layer constructions depending on the type of performance desired of the ball.
• the core of the golf ball can be a single core, dual core, triple core, or a core with more than three layers.
• the cover can include more than one layer, and/or the casing can include more than one layer.
• the cover can include one, two, three, or more than three layers.
• the golf ball can include a casing layer or intermediate layer that can include one, two, three, or more than three layers.
• a golf ball has at least a core and a cover.
• the golf ball can include at least one or more intermediate layers.
• the core and/or the cover can consist of a single layer or multiple layers.
• the golf ball can be a two-piece golf ball, a three-piece golf ball, a four-piece golf ball, a five-piece golf ball, a six-piece golf ball, or a more than six-piece golf ball.
• a golf ball of the present disclosure is a one-piece ball where the core and cover form a single integral layer.
• a golf ball of the present disclosure is a two-piece ball 10 comprising a core 12 and a single cover layer 14.
• the golf ball 20 includes a core 22, an intermediate layer 24, and a cover layer 26.
• the intermediate layer 24 can be considered an outer core layer, an inner cover layer, a mantle or casing layer, or any other layer disposed between the core 22 and the cover layer 26.
• a four-piece golf ball 30 includes an inner core layer 32, an outer core layer 34, an intermediate layer 36, and an outer cover layer 38.
• the intermediate layer 36 may be considered a casing or mantle layer, or inner cover layer, or any other layer disposed between the outer core layer 34 and the outer cover of the ball 38.
• the four-piece golf ball can include any combination of layers, such as: (i) a core layer, two intermediate layers, and a cover layer; or (ii) a core layer, an intermediate layer, and two cover layers, etc.
• a five-piece golf ball 40 includes a three-layered core having a center 42, an intermediate core layer 44, an outer core layer 46, an inner cover layer 48, and an outer cover layer 50.
• the five-piece golf ball can include any combination of layers, such as: (i) two core layers, two intermediate layers, and a cover layer; or (ii) a core layer, two intermediate layers, and two cover layers; or (iii) a core layer, three intermediate layers, and a cover layer, etc.
• a golf ball in accordance with the present disclosure can include any combination of any number of core layers, intermediate layers, and cover layers.
• the present disclosure may be used with any type of golf ball construction.
• golf ball constructions that may be used with the present disclosure include those described in U.S. Patents 5,713,801 , 5,885,172 , 5,919,100 , 5,965,669 , 5,981,654 , 5,981,658 , and 6,149,535 , which are each incorporated in their entirety as if fully set forth herein.
• Further exemplary golf ball constructions, including further details on the various layers, materials, dimensions, and other characteristics of golf balls are disclosed in U.S. Patents 7,361,102 , 7,927,233 , 8,834,300 , 8,845,456 , 9,205,308 , and 9,795,836 , which are each incorporated in their entirety as if fully set forth herein.
• the golf ball can be a two-piece, three-piece, four-piece, five-piece, six-piece, or more than six-piece golf ball.
• the cover of the golf ball may be made of a polyurea material, a polyurethane-urea hybrid material, a polyurea-urethane hybrid material, ionomer material, or any other suitable cover material known to those skilled in the art.
• Different materials also may be used for forming core and intermediate layers of the golf ball.
• thermosetting materials such as polybutadiene, styrene butadiene, isoprene, polyisoprene, and trans-isoprene
• thermoplastics such as ionomer resins, polyamides and polyesters
• thermoplastic and thermosetting polyurethane and polyureas include, but are not limited to, thermosetting materials, such as polybutadiene, styrene butadiene, isoprene, polyisoprene, and trans-isoprene.
• thermosetting materials include, but are not limited to, thermosetting rubber compositions comprising a base polymer, an initiator agent, a coagent and/or a curing agent, and optionally one or more of a metal oxide, metal fatty acid or fatty acid, antioxidant, soft and fast agent, fillers, and additives.
• Suitable base polymers include natural and synthetic rubbers including, but not limited to, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, ethylene propylene rubber (“EPR"), styrene-butadiene rubber, styrenic block copolymer rubbers (such as SI, SIS, SB, SBS, SIBS, and the like, where “S” is styrene, "I” is isobutylene, and “B” is butadiene), butyl rubber, halobutyl rubber, polystyrene elastomers, polyethylene elastomers, polyurethane elastomers, polyurea elastomers, metallocene-catalyzed elastomers and plastomers, copolymers of isobutylene and para-alkyl styrene, halogenated copolymers of isobutylene and para-alkyl styrene, acrylonitrile butadiene rubber,
• Suitable initiator agents include organic peroxides, high energy radiation sources capable of generating free radicals, C-C initiators, and combinations thereof.
• Suitable coagents include, but are not limited to, metal salts of unsaturated carboxylic acids; unsaturated vinyl compounds and polyfunctional monomers (e.g., trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate); phenylene bismaleimide; and combinations thereof.
• Suitable curing agents include, but are not limited to, sulfur; N-oxydiethylene 2-benzothiazole sulfenamide; N,N-di-ortho-tolylguanidine; bismuth dimethyldithiocarbamate; N-cyclohexyl 2-benzothiazole sulfenamide; N,N-diphenylguanidine; 4-morpholinyl-2-benzothiazole disulfide; dipentamethylenethiuram hexasulfide; thiuram disulfides; mercaptobenzothiazoles; sulfenamides; dithiocarbamates; thiuram sulfides; guanidines; thioureas; xanthates; dithiophosphates; aldehyde-amines; dibenzothiazyl disulfide; tetraethylthiuram disulfide; tetrabutylthiuram disulfide;
• Suitable types and amounts of base polymer, initiator agent, coagent, filler, and additives are more fully described in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 6,566,483 , 6,695,718 , 6,939,907 , 7,041,721 and 7,138,460 , the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
• Particularly suitable diene rubber compositions are further disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0093318 , the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
• Particularly suitable materials also include, but are not limited to: a) thermosetting polyurethanes, polyureas, and hybrids of polyurethane and polyurea; b) thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyureas, and hybrids of polyurethane and polyurea, including, for example, Estane ® TPU, commercially available from the Lubrizol Corporation; c) E/X- and E/X/Y-type ionomers, wherein E is an olefin (e.g., ethylene), X is a carboxylic acid (e.g., acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, maleic, fumaric, or itaconic acid), and Y is a softening comonomer (e.g., vinyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids wherein the acid has from 2 to 10 carbons, alkyl ethers wherein the alkyl group has from 1 to 10 carbons, and alkyl alkylacrylates such as alkyl
• polystyrene including, for example, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, and high density polyethylene; polypropylene; g) rubber-toughened olefin polymers; non-ionomeric acid copolymers, e.g., (meth)acrylic acid, which do not become part of an ionomeric copolymer; h) plastomers; i) flexomers; j) styrene/butadiene/styrene block copolymers; k) styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene block copolymers; l) polybutadiene; m) styrene butadiene rubber; n) ethylene propylene rubber; o) ethylene propylene diene
• compositions comprising an ionomer or a blend of two or more E/X- and E/X/Y-type ionomers are particularly suitable intermediate and cover layer materials.
• Preferred E/X- and E/X/Y-type ionomeric cover compositions include:(a) a composition comprising a "high acid ionomer" (i.e., having an acid content of greater than 16 wt%), such as Surlyn ® 8150; (b) a composition comprising a high acid ionomer and a maleic anhydride-grafted non-ionomeric polymer (e.g., Fusabond ® functionalized polymers).
• a particularly preferred blend of high acid ionomer and maleic anhydride-grafted polymer is a 84 wt%/16 wt% blend of Surlyn ® 8150 and Fusabond ® .
• Blends of high acid ionomers with maleic anhydride-grafted polymers are further disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos.
• compositions comprising a 50/45/5 blend of Surlyn ® 8940/Surlyn ® 9650/Nucrel ® 960, preferably having a material hardness of from 80 to 85 Shore C;
• a composition comprising a 50/25/25 blend of Surlyn ® 8940/Surlyn ® 9650/Surlyn ® 9910, preferably having a material hardness of about 90 Shore C;
• a composition comprising a 50/50 blend of Surlyn ® 8940/Surlyn ® 9650, preferably having a material hardness of about 86 Shore C;
• a composition comprising a blend of Surlyn ® 7940/Surlyn ® 8940, optionally including a melt flow modifier;
• a composition comprising a blend of a first high acid ionomer
• Surlyn ® 8150, Surlyn ® 8940, and Surlyn ® 8140 are different grades of E/MAA copolymer in which the acid groups have been partially neutralized with sodium ions.
• Surlyn ® 9650, Surlyn ® 9910, and Surlyn ® 9120 are different grades of E/MAA copolymer in which the acid groups have been partially neutralized with zinc ions.
• Surlyn ® 7940 is an E/MAA copolymer in which the acid groups have been partially neutralized with lithium ions.
• Surlyn ® 6320 is a very low modulus magnesium ionomer with a medium acid content.
• Nucrel ® 960 is an E/MAA copolymer resin nominally made with 15 wt% methacrylic acid. Surlyn ® ionomers, Fusabond ® polymers, and Nucrel ® copolymers are commercially available from The Dow Chemical Company.
• Suitable E/X- and E/X/Y-type ionomeric cover materials are further disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,653,382 , 6,756,436 , 6,894,098 , 6,919,393 , and 6,953,820 , the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
• Suitable polyurethanes, polyureas, and blends and hybrids of polyurethane/polyurea are further disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,334,673 , 5,484,870 , 6,506,851 , 6,756,436 , 6,835,794 , 6,867,279 , 6,960,630 , and 7,105,623 ; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0011868 ; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2021/0093929 ; U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0117923 ; and U.S. Patent Nos. 8,865,052 , 6,734,273 , 8,026,334 , and 8,034,873 ; the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
• Suitable UV absorbers that are optionally included in cover layer compositions are further disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,156,405 , 5,840,788 , and 7,722,483 ; the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
• each golf ball layer i.e., thickness/diameter
• dimensions of each golf ball layer may vary depending on the desired properties.
• the "Coefficient of Restitution" or “COR” of a golf ball refers to the ratio of a ball's rebound velocity to its initial incoming velocity when the ball is fired out of an air cannon into a rigid vertical plate.
• the COR is determined according to a known procedure, wherein a golf ball or golf ball subassembly (for example, a golf ball core) is fired from an air cannon at two given velocities and a velocity of 125 ft/s is used for the calculations.
• Ballistic light screens are located between the air cannon and steel plate at a fixed distance to measure ball velocity. As the ball travels toward the steel plate, it activates each light screen and the ball's time period at each light screen is measured.
• This provides an incoming transit time period which is inversely proportional to the ball's incoming velocity.
• the ball makes impact with the steel plate and rebounds so it passes again through the light screens. As the rebounding ball activates each light screen, the ball's time period at each screen is measured. This provides an outgoing transit time period which is inversely proportional to the ball's outgoing velocity.
• a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have a COR of at least 0.770, or more preferably at least 0.790, or most preferably at least 0.800. In another aspect, a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have a COR of 0.800 - 0.815, or 0.805 - 0.825, or 0.810 - 0.820. In one aspect, a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have a COR of at least 0.805. In one aspect, a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have a COR of at least 0.810. In one aspect, a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have a COR of at least 0.815.
• compression refers to Soft Center Deflection Index (“SCDI”).
• SCDI Soft Center Deflection Index
• DCM Dynamic Compression Machine
• the DCM is an apparatus that applies a load to a core or ball and measures the number of inches the core or ball is deflected at measured loads.
• a crude load/deflection curve is generated that is fit to the Atti compression scale that results in a number being generated that represents an Atti compression.
• the DCM does this via a load cell attached to the bottom of a hydraulic cylinder that is triggered pneumatically at a fixed rate towards a stationary core. Attached to the cylinder is an LVDT that measures the distance the cylinder travels during the testing timeframe.
• a software-based logarithmic algorithm ensures that measurements are not taken until at least five successive increases in load are detected during the initial phase of the test.
• the SCDI is a slight variation of this set up.
• the hardware is the same, but the software and output has changed.
• the interest is in the pounds of force required to deflect a core x amount of inches. That amount of deflection is 10% percent of the core diameter.
• the DCM is triggered, the cylinder deflects the core by 10% of its diameter, and the DCM reports back the pounds of force required (as measured from the attached load cell) to deflect the core by that amount.
• the value displayed is a single number in units of pounds.
• compression refers to DCM compression.
• a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have a compression of at least 50, or more preferably at least 75, or most preferably at least 80. In another aspect, a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have a compression of 70 - 110, or 80 - 110, or 90 - 105. In one aspect, a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have a compression of at least 75. In one aspect, a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have a compression of at least 85. In one aspect, a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have a compression of at least 95. In one aspect, a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have a compression of at least 100. In one aspect, a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have a compression of at least 105.
• a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have an initial velocity (as measured according to the USGA initial velocity testing methods or calculated using a COR to USGA IV correlation) of at least 240 feet/second, or at least 245 feet/second, or at least 250 feet/second, or no greater than 255 feet/second.
• a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have an initial velocity of 248 feet/second - 254 feet/second.
• a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have an initial velocity of 250 feet/second - 255 feet/second.
• a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have an initial velocity of 240 feet/second - 255 feet/second. In another aspect, a golf ball having any one or more of the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein can have an initial velocity of at least 255 feet/second.
• any one of the dimple patterns, aerodynamic performance parameters (i.e., the presently disclosed C D , C L , and/or DA values), and/or dimple parameter features can be applied to a golf ball having various golf ball constructions.
• Exemplary golf ball constructions can include relatively fast constructions, such as golf balls having a COR of at least 0.800, a compression of at least 80, and/or an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second.
• the golf ball can have a COR that is greater than 0.810.
• the golf ball can have a COR that is greater than 0.800 and an initial velocity ranging from 250 - 255 feet/second.
• Various other COR, initial velocity, and other golf ball parameters are disclosed herein.
• Exemplary golf ball constructions can include a core (such as a single layer core or dual layer core), a casing or intermediate layer, and a cover layer.
• the core can have a diameter of at least 1.500 inches, or at least 1.525 inches, or at least 1.545 inches.
• the core can have a diameter of at least 1.510 inches, or at least 1.530 inches, or at least 1.550 inches.
• the core can have a diameter of at least 1.560 inches, or 1.570 inches, or 1.580 inches or 1.600 inches.
• the size of the core can vary.
• the core can have a coefficient of restitution (COR) of at least 0.800, in one aspect.
• the core can have a COR of at least 0.805.
• the core can have a COR of at least 0.795.
• the core can have a COR of at least 0.785.
• the core can have a COR of at least 0.780.
• the core can have a COR of at least 0.775.
• the core can have a COR of at least 0.770.
• the COR can vary.
• the core can have a positive hardness gradient, as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art and as disclosed or defined in US Patent Pub. 2024/0173595 , which is commonly assigned to Acushnet Company and is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein.
• the core for the golf ball disclosed herein can have a hardness gradient of at least 5 Shore C, or at least 10 Shore C, or at least 15 Shore C, or at least 20 Shore C, or at least 25 Shore C, or at least 30 Shore C.
• the casing layer can have a thickness of 0.025 inches - 0.035 inches. In one aspect, the casing layer can have a thickness of less than 0.025 inches. In one aspect, the casing layer can have a thickness of greater than 0.035 inches. In one aspect, the casing layer can have a thickness of at least 0.035 inches, or 0.040 inches, or 0.045 inches, or 0.050 inches, or 0.055 inches. In one aspect, the casing layer can be formed from a material having a high flexural modulus (as measured by ASTM D790), such as at least 60,000 psi, or at least 65,000 psi, or at least 70,000 psi, or at least 75,000 psi. In one aspect, the cased core can have a COR of at least 0.780, or at least 0.790, or at least 0.800, or at least 0.810, or at least 0.820.
• the golf ball can include a cased core having a compression of at least 70, or at least 75, or at least 80, or at least 85, or at least 90, or at least 95, or at least 100, or at least 105.
• the cased core can have a compression of 70 - 105.
• the cased core can have a compression of 50 - 85.
• the cased core can have a compression of 90 - 115.
• the cover layer can have a thickness of 0.025 inches - 0.035 inches. In one aspect, the cover layer can have a thickness that is less than 0.025 inches. In one aspect, the cover layer can have a thickness of greater than 0.035 inches. In one aspect, the cover layer can have a thickness of at least 0.025 inches, or 0.030 inches, or 0.035 inches, or 0.050 inches, or 0.060 inches. In one aspect, the cover layer has a thickness of 0.020 inches - 0.070 inches.
• the golf balls disclosed herein can have a relationship between compression and COR such that if the golf ball compression is less than 40, then the golf ball COR is greater than 0.825.
• the COR is defined by the curve in Figure 21 and defined by Equation 11: COR > ⁇ 8.14 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 C 0 2 + 7.24 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 C 0 + 0.809
• Figure 21 is a representative plot showing the golf ball compression and golf ball COR for some exemplary golf balls according to the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 21 , an exemplary target "COR Area" is illustrated above the plot line.
• non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction categories can be matched or paired with any one or more of the dimple pattern categories, examples, or other aspects disclosed herein.
• a first non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a two layer golf ball, including a core and a cover, having a COR of at least 0.800, a compression of at least 80, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second.
• a second non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a two layer golf ball having a compression of at least 80, a COR of at least 0.800, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a core and a cover, and the core has a diameter of at least 1.500 inches, a COR of at least 0.770, and a weight of at least 1.115 ounces.
• a third non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a two layer golf ball having a compression of at least 80, a COR of at least 0.800, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a core and a cover, and the core has a diameter of at least 1.545 inches, a COR of at least 0.780, and a weight of at least 1.225 ounces.
• a fourth non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a two layer golf ball having a compression of at least 80, a COR of at least 0.800, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a core and a cover, and the core has a diameter of at least 1.570 inches, a COR of at least 0.790, and a weight of at least 1.320 ounces.
• a fifth non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a three layer golf ball having a compression of at least 80, a COR of at least 0.800, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a core, a casing, and a cover, and the core has a diameter of at least 1.500 inches, a COR of at least 0.780, and a weight of at least 1.115 ounces.
• a sixth non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a three layer golf ball having a compression of at least 80, a COR of at least 0.800, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a core, a casing, and a cover, and the core has a diameter of at least 1.525 inches, a COR of at least 0.785, and a weight of at least 1.220 ounces.
• a seventh non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a three layer golf ball having a compression of at least 80, a COR of at least 0.800, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a core, a casing, and a cover, and the core has a diameter of at least 1.545 inches, a COR of at least 0.790, and a weight of at least 1.225 ounces.
• An eighth non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a three layer golf ball having a compression of at least 80, a COR of at least 0.800, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a core, a casing, and a cover, and the core has a diameter of at least 1.570 inches, a COR of at least 0.790, and a weight of at least 1.320 ounces.
• a ninth non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a four layer golf ball having a compression of at least 80, a COR of at least 0.800, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a dual layer core, a casing, and a cover, and the core has a diameter of at least 1.525 inches, a COR of at least 0.800, and a weight of at least 1.220 ounces.
• a tenth non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a four layer golf ball having a compression of at least 80, a COR of at least 0.800, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a dual layer core, a casing, and a cover, and the core has a diameter of at least 1.545 inches, a COR of at least 0.805, and a weight of at least 1.290 ounces.
• An eleventh non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a four layer golf ball having a compression of at least 80, a COR of at least 0.800, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a dual layer core, a casing, and a cover, and the core has a diameter of at least 1.545 inches, a COR of at least 0.810, and a weight of at least 1.290 ounces.
• a twelfth non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a three layer golf ball having a compression of at least 80, a COR of at least 0.800, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a core, a casing, and a cover, and the core has a diameter of at least 1.525 inches, a COR of at least 0.810, and a weight of at least 1.220 ounces.
• a thirteenth non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a four layer golf ball having a compression of at least 80, a COR of at least 0.800, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a dual layer core, a casing, and a cover, and the core has a diameter of at least 1.560 inches, a COR of at least 0.790, and a weight of at least 1.305 ounces.
• a fourteenth non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a three layer golf ball having a compression of 90 - 100, a COR of 0.807 - 0.815, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a core, a casing, and a cover, and the core has a diameter of 1.520 - 1.540 inches, a COR of 0.790 - 0.800, and a weight 1.215 - 1.280 ounces.
• a fifteenth non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a four layer golf ball having a compression of 100 - 110, a COR of 0.815 - 0.820, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a dual layer core, a casing, and a cover, and the core has a diameter of 1.545 - 1.560 inches, a COR of 0.795 - 0.805, and a weight of 1.280 - 1.305 ounces.
• a sixteenth non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a four layer golf ball having a compression of 100 - 110, a COR of 0.790 - 0.800, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a dual layer core, a casing, and a cover, and the core has a diameter of 1.545 - 1.555 inches, a COR of 0.795 - 0.805, and a weight 1.280 - 1.305 ounces.
• a seventeenth non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction category may comprise a three layer golf ball having a compression of 90 - 100, a COR of 0.790 - 0.800, and an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, wherein the golf ball comprises a core, a casing, and a cover, and the core has a diameter of 1.525 - 1.535 inches, a COR of 0.790 - 0.800, and a weight 1.220 - 1.255 ounces.
• golf balls having five or more layers can also be provided having similar characteristics as disclosed herein to the golf balls having two, three, or four layers.
• a golf ball has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, and has a COR of at least 0.780, and/or an initial velocity of at least 245 feet/second.
• a golf ball has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, and has a COR of at least 0.800, and/or an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second.
• a golf ball has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, and has a COR of at least 0.805, and/or an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second.
• a golf ball has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, and has a COR of at least 0.810, and/or an initial velocity of at least 252 feet/second.
• a golf ball has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, and has a COR of at least 0.815, and/or an initial velocity of at least 253 feet/second.
• a golf ball in one aspect, has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, and has a COR of at least 0.825, and a compression of no greater than 60.
• a golf ball in one aspect, has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, and has a COR of at least 0.820, and a compression of 60 - 80.
• a golf ball in one aspect, has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, and has a COR of at least 0.805, and a compression of 80 - 100.
• a golf ball in one aspect, has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, and has a COR of at least 0.790, and a compression of at least 100.
• a golf ball in one aspect, has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, and has a COR of 0.800 - 0.815, and a compression of 90-100.
• a golf ball in one aspect, has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, and has a COR of 0.800 - 0.815, and a compression of 100 - 110.
• a golf ball that has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, the golf ball has a COR of at least 0.800, the golf ball has an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, the golf ball has a compression of at least 80, the golf ball core has a COR of at least 0.785, the golf ball core has a diameter of at least 1.500 inches, and the golf ball core has a weight of at least 1.115 ounces.
• a golf ball that has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, the golf ball has a COR of at least 0.800, the golf ball has an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, the golf ball has a compression of at least 80, the golf ball core has a COR of at least 0.785, the golf ball core has a diameter of at least 1.525 inches, and the golf ball core has a weight of at least 1.220 ounces.
• a golf ball that has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, the golf ball has a COR of at least 0.800, the golf ball has an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, the golf ball has a compression of at least 80, the golf ball core has a COR of at least 0.790, the golf ball core has a diameter of at least 1.525 inches, and the golf ball core has a weight of at least 1.220 ounces.
• a golf ball that has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, the golf ball has a COR of at least 0.800, the golf ball has an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second, the golf ball has a compression of at least 80, the golf ball core has a COR of at least 0.800, the golf ball core has a diameter of at least 1.545 inches, and the golf ball core has a weight of at least 1.225 ounces.
• a golf ball that has any one or more of Dimple Patterns 1 - 10, the golf ball has a COR of at least 0.805, the golf ball has an initial velocity of at least 252 feet/second, the golf ball has a compression of at least 90, the golf ball core has a COR of at least 0.805, the golf ball core has a diameter of at least 1.525 inches, and the golf ball core has a weight of at least 1.220 ounces.
• a golf ball in one aspect, has a cover comprising a plurality of dimples arranged in a dimple pattern having a drag coefficient (C D ) and a lift coefficient (C L ), where 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070, 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095, and 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 120,000 and a spin ratio of 0.100.
• C D drag coefficient
• C L lift coefficient
• the core has a weight of at least 1.220 ounces and a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.790. In one aspect, the core has a weight of at least 1.245 ounces and a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.785, or at least 0.790, or at least 0.795, or at least 0.800. In one aspect, the core has a weight of at least 1.250 ounces and a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.785, or at least 0.790, or at least 0.795, or at least 0.800.
• the core has a weight of at least 1.275 ounces and a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.785, or at least 0.790, or at least 0.795, or at least 0.800. In one aspect, the core has a weight of at least 1.290 ounces and a coefficient of restitution of at least 0.785, or at least 0.790, or at least 0.795, or at least 0.800.
• the core can have a diameter of at least 1.525 inches. In one aspect, the core can have a diameter of at least 1.530 inches. In one aspect, the core can have a diameter of at least 1.535 inches. In one aspect, the core can have a diameter of at least 1.540 inches. In one aspect, the core can have a diameter of at least 1.545 inches. In one aspect, the core can have a diameter of at least 1.550 inches.
• the golf ball also has a lift coefficient such that C L ⁇ 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.200 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• this particular golf ball can have a COR of at least 0.780, and/or an initial velocity of at least 240 feet/second.
• this particular golf ball can have a COR of at least 0.790, and/or an initial velocity of at least 248 feet/second.
• this particular golf ball can have a COR of at least 0.800, and/or an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second.
• this particular golf ball can have a COR of at least 0.805, and/or an initial velocity of at least 252 feet/second.
• COR of at least 0.805
• initial velocity of at least 252 feet/second.
• C D drag coefficient
• C L lift coefficient
• DA integrated drag area
• the golf ball further has a lift coefficient such that C L ⁇ 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060, and C L ⁇ 0.200 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• this particular golf ball can have a COR of at least 0.780, and/or an initial velocity of at least 240 feet/second.
• this particular golf ball can have a COR of at least 0.790, and/or an initial velocity of at least 248 feet/second.
• this particular golf ball can have a COR of at least 0.800, and/or an initial velocity of at least 250 feet/second.
• this particular golf ball can have a COR of at least 0.805, and/or an initial velocity of at least 252 feet/second. In another aspect, this particular golf ball can have a core with a COR of at least 0.785, and/or a weight of at least 1.220 ounces, and/or a diameter of at least 1.525 inches. In another aspect, this particular golf ball can have a core with a COR of at least 0.795, and/or a weight of at least 1.290 ounces, and/or a diameter of at least 1.545 inches.
• the COR, initial velocity, compression, and other golf ball construction related parameters or values can vary.
• a plurality of golf ball construction characteristics or packages can be provided herein. These exemplary golf ball constructions are described in detail herein.
• the golf ball core (whether single or multi-layer), casing layer, and cover layer can be formed from any one or more of the exemplary materials disclosed herein.
• Table 18 discloses the relevant parameters of a golf ball associated with a first construction package.
• the exemplary parameters below can be provided for a golf ball having three layers, including a core, casing layer, and cover layer.
• Table 18 - Construction Package 1 Golf Ball Weight (ounces) 1.61 Golf Ball Diameter (inches) 1.68 Golf Ball Compression 93 Golf Ball COR 0.808 Initial Velocity (feet/second) ⁇ 250 Core COR 0.790 Core Weight (ounces) 1.26 Core Diameter (inches) 1.53 Casing Thickness (inches) 0.050 Cased Core Compression 89 Cover Thickness (inches) 0.025
• Table 19 discloses the relevant parameters of a golf ball associated with a second construction package.
• the exemplary parameters below can be provided for a golf ball having four layers, including an inner core layer, outer core layer, casing layer, and cover layer.
• Table 19 - Construction Package 2 Golf Ball Weight (ounces) 1.61 Golf Ball Diameter (inches) 1.68 Golf Ball Compression 103 Golf Ball COR 0.810 Initial Velocity (feet/second) ⁇ 250 Core COR 0.800 Core Weight (ounces) 1.30 Core Diameter (inches) 1.55 Casing Thickness (inches) 0.040 Cased Core Compression 101 Cover Thickness (inches) 0.025
• Table 20 discloses the relevant parameters of a golf ball associated with a third construction package.
• the exemplary parameters below can be provided for a golf ball having two layers, including a core, and cover layer.
• Table 21 discloses the relevant parameters of a golf ball associated with a fourth construction package.
• the exemplary parameters below can be provided for a golf ball having two layers, including a core and cover layer.
• Table 22 discloses the relevant parameters of a golf ball associated with a fifth construction package.
• the exemplary parameters below can be provided for a golf ball having two layers, including a core and a cover.
• Table 23 discloses the relevant parameters of a golf ball associated with a sixth construction package.
• the exemplary parameters below can be provided for a golf ball having three layers, including a core layer, casing layer, and cover layer.
• Table 23 - Construction Package 6 Golf Ball Weight (ounces) 1.62 Golf Ball Diameter (inches) 1.68 Golf Ball Compression 82 Golf Ball COR 0.810 Initial Velocity (feet/second) ⁇ 250 Core COR 0.815 Core Weight (ounces) 1.29 Core Diameter (inches) 1.55 Casing Thickness (inches) 0.033 Cased Core Compression 75 Cover Thickness (inches) 0.034
• Table 24 discloses the relevant parameters of a golf ball associated with a seventh construction package.
• the exemplary parameters below can be provided for a golf ball having four layers, including a dual layer core, casing layer, and cover layer.
• Table 24 - Construction Package 7 Golf Ball Weight (ounces) 1.61 Golf Ball Diameter (inches) 1.68 Golf Ball Compression 103 Golf Ball COR 0.808 Initial Velocity (feet/second) ⁇ 250 Core COR 0.802 Core Weight (ounces) 1.30 Core Diameter (inches) 1.55 Casing Thickness (inches) 0.035 Cased Core Compression 102 Cover Thickness (inches) 0.031
• Table 25 discloses the relevant parameters of a golf ball associated with an eighth construction package.
• the exemplary parameters below can be provided for a golf ball having four layers, including a dual layer core, casing layer, and cover layer.
• Table 26 discloses the relevant parameters of a golf ball associated with a ninth construction package.
• the exemplary parameters below can be provided for a golf ball having three layers, including a core, casing layer, and cover layer.
• Table 26 - Construction Package 9 Golf Ball Weight (ounces) 1.61 Golf Ball Diameter (inches) 1.68 Golf Ball Compression 95 Golf Ball COR 0.795 Initial Velocity (feet/second) ⁇ 250 Core COR 0.790 Core Weight (ounces) 1.26 Core Diameter (inches) 1.53 Casing Thickness (inches) 0.050 Cased Core Compression 89 Cover Thickness (inches) 0.025
• Table 27 discloses the relevant parameters of a golf ball associated with a tenth construction package.
• the exemplary parameters below can be provided for a golf ball having four layers, including a dual layer core, casing layer, and cover layer.
• Table 27 - Construction Package 10 Golf Ball Weight (ounces) 1.61 Golf Ball Diameter (inches) 1.68 Golf Ball Compression 105 Golf Ball COR 0.795 Initial Velocity (feet/second) ⁇ 250 Core COR 0.800 Core Weight (ounces) 1.30 Core Diameter (inches) 1.55 Casing Thickness (inches) 0.040 Cased Core Compression 101 Cover Thickness (inches) 0.025
• a golf ball comprising one of the predefined Construction Packages and one of the predefined Dimple Patterns.
• Various exemplary golf ball profiles are provided below.
• One of ordinary skill in the art would understand that other combinations of Construction Packages and Dimple Pattern are possible, and any one of the Construction Packages can be matched with any one of the Dimple Patterns.
• Construction Package 1 is paired with any one of Dimple Patterns 1-10.
• Construction Package 2 is paired with any one of Dimple Patterns 1-10.
• Construction Package 3 is paired with any one of Dimple Patterns 1-10.
• Construction Package 4 is paired with any one of Dimple Patterns 1-10.
• Construction Package 5 is paired with any one of Dimple Patterns 1-10.
• Construction Package 6 is paired with any one of Dimple Patterns 1-10.
• Construction Package 7 is paired with any one of Dimple Patterns 1-10.
• Construction Package 8 is paired with any one of Dimple Patterns 1-10.
• Construction Package 9 is paired with any one of Dimple Patterns 1-10.
• Construction Package 10 is paired with any one of Dimple Patterns 1-10.
• a golf ball that includes:
• a golf ball having (i) any one of the non-limiting exemplary golf ball construction categories disclosed herein, and/or (ii) any one of the Construction Packages disclosed herein can include a cover comprising a plurality of dimples arranged in a dimple pattern having a drag coefficient (C D ) and a lift coefficient (C L ), such that 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 220,000 and a spin ratio of 0.070, 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 160,000 and a spin ratio of 0.095, and 0.230 ⁇ C D ⁇ 0.250 at a Reynolds number of 120,000 and a spin ratio of 0.100; wherein C L ⁇ 0.115 at a Reynolds number of 240,000 and a spin ratio of 0.060; and wherein C L ⁇ 0.200 at a Reynolds number of 185,000 and a spin ratio of 0.105.
• C D drag coefficient
• C L lift coefficient
• C D (Re) is established at a launch condition of a golf ball speed of 182.0 mph, a launch angle of 1
• At least some of the golf balls disclosed herein can exhibit flight patterns having a relatively shorter distance on longer shots based at least in part to due to higher drag characteristics as compared to modern, high-performance golf balls. At least some of the golf balls disclosed herein can exhibit reduced total distance on driver shots relative to modern, high-performance golf balls. At least some of the golf balls disclosed herein can exhibit the same or nearly the same total distance on iron or wedge shots relative to modern, high-performance golf balls.
• Exemplary dimple patterns disclosed herein paired with modern high-performance golf ball constructions can exhibit relatively shorter golf ball total distances from launch conditions resulting in higher ball speed-such as those generated by a driver, other metal wood, and long iron-relative to those of modern, high-performance dimple patterns paired with modern, high-performance golf ball constructions, but can exhibit highly similar golf ball total distances from launch conditions resulting in lower ball speed-such as those generated by a mid-iron, short iron, and wedge. This is due to a reduction in aerodynamic forces with decreasing golf ball velocity, such that the ball flight is increasingly ballistic in nature.
• an exemplary golf ball comprised of a dimple pattern exhibiting the aerodynamic characteristics of the present disclosure paired with a modern, high-performance golf ball construction can result in flight performances in the regime wherein aerodynamic forces are influential that are different from the flight performance of a golf ball comprised of a modern, high-performance dimple pattern paired with a modern, high-performance golf ball construction in that same regime but can display the same or very similar flight performance in the increasingly ballistic flight regime.
• the golf balls disclosed herein can achieve these properties via the combination of a relatively higher drag dimple pattern that is matched or paired with a relatively fast or high speed golf ball construction.
• Figure 20 illustrates flight patterns (A), (B), and (C) for driver shots of a plurality of exemplary golf balls having dimple patterns including the aerodynamic characteristics disclosed herein and paired with exemplary construction packages disclosed herein, as compared to the flight pattern (D) of a conventional golf ball.
• flight pattern (A) corresponds to a golf ball having a relatively high flight window, i.e., 1.400 ⁇ C D /C L ⁇ 1.600. Flight pattern (A) reaches a relatively higher peak height as compared to the conventional golf ball.
• flight pattern (B) corresponds to a golf ball having a relatively middle or medium flight window, i.e., 1.600 ⁇ C D /C L ⁇ 1.800. Flight pattern (B) reaches a relatively similar peak height as compared to the conventional golf ball.
• flight pattern (C) corresponds to a golf ball having a relatively low flight window, i.e., 1.800 ⁇ C D /C L ⁇ 2.000. Flight pattern (C) reaches a relatively lower peak height as compared to the conventional golf ball.
• the dimple patterns responsible for flight patterns (A), (B), and (C) have similar high drag aerodynamic characteristics (i.e., relatively high values of C D ) but have different aerodynamic lift characteristics, wherein high drag-high lift patterns (i.e., patterns having relatively high values of C L ) have smaller C D /C L ratios than those of high drag-low lift patterns.
• This variation in the lift-drag balance provides a variety of peak heights for golfers to select in accordance with their preference.
• the flight patterns (A), (B), (C) for the exemplary golf balls each reach their respective peak height at a relatively shorter distance downrange as compared to the flight pattern (D) for the conventional golf ball.
• the flight differences shown in Figure 20 are an illustrative depiction of the three trajectories (A), (B), and (C) having increased drag relative to the fourth trajectory (D) while also having distinct lift characteristics between (A), (B), and (C).
• the flight patterns (A), (B), (C), and (D) will become increasingly similar.
• first means “first,” “second,” and the like are used to describe various features or elements, but these features or elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one feature or element from another feature or element. Thus, a first feature or element discussed below could be termed a second feature or element, and similarly, a second feature or element discussed below could be termed a first feature or element without departing from the teachings of the disclosure.

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