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EP4529573A2 - Module de production d'hydrogène et installation comportant une pluralité de tels modules - Google Patents

Module de production d'hydrogène et installation comportant une pluralité de tels modules

Info

Publication number
EP4529573A2
EP4529573A2 EP23731094.1A EP23731094A EP4529573A2 EP 4529573 A2 EP4529573 A2 EP 4529573A2 EP 23731094 A EP23731094 A EP 23731094A EP 4529573 A2 EP4529573 A2 EP 4529573A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
hydrogen
module
electrical energy
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23731094.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Markus Birkhofer
Renato Sinitean
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Envhy Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Envhy Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Envhy Technologies GmbH filed Critical Envhy Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP4529573A2 publication Critical patent/EP4529573A2/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/20—Systems characterised by their energy storage means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/38—Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/4453—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting solar energy into electric energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C02F2201/007—Modular design
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/008—Mobile apparatus and plants, e.g. mounted on a vehicle
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4616—Power supply
    • C02F2201/46165—Special power supply, e.g. solar energy or batteries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a module for producing hydrogen and a system with a plurality of such modules.
  • the module has at least one buoyant support structure, on which at least indirectly at least one electrolyzer, a solar cell, a water supply system, a system element for processing hydrogen and at least one interface element for forwarding hydrogen and / or electrical energy to at least one further such module and / or a suitable functional unit is attached.
  • the electrolyzer is used to produce hydrogen, with the solar cell being at least indirectly connected to the electrolyzer in a current-conducting manner and at least partially providing the energy required for hydrogen production by means of electrolysis.
  • the electrolyzer is supplied with the process water required to produce hydrogen and the system element is used to store, forward and/or process hydrogen.
  • the hydrogen generated can be conveyed from the module via the interface element and a suitable connection to another module and/or to a functional unit that is set up as required to generate, store, compress, process, load and/or forward hydrogen.
  • hydrogen is of particular importance for energy storage and energy conversion.
  • hydrogen is characterized by the fact that, provided water is available, it can be produced decentrally and relatively easily using renewable energies, such as solar and wind energy in particular, and can also be used to store and transport energy making extensive use of existing infrastructure technologies.
  • Green hydrogen is hydrogen that is obtained by splitting water through electrolysis, whereby the electrical energy required for electrolysis is generated entirely from renewable energies. Green hydrogen is therefore viewed as an environmentally friendly, climate-neutral variant within a future hydrogen economy.
  • a major advantage is that the production of hydrogen generates secondary energy, which enables a temporal and spatial decoupling between the conversion and consumption of energy.
  • a system for producing hydrogen by splitting water into its components which has a buoyant platform to which a photovoltaic module and an electrolyzer are attached, the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic module is used directly to produce hydrogen.
  • the hydrogen produced is derived from the platform or from a plurality of platforms for further use or intermediate storage to a central station, via which the hydrogen produced is ultimately forwarded via stationary pipelines.
  • the platforms described are designed for use in shallow waters, so that the hydrogen produced can be easily removed and individual platforms can be maintained and repaired if necessary by people standing on the bottom of the water.
  • the invention is based on the The basic task is to provide a technical solution with which hydrogen can be produced flexibly, in line with needs, in particular with regard to production capacity, freely scalable, and with great reliability both on land and on a body of water, especially on the open sea, by splitting water into hydrogen and Oxygen can be obtained.
  • the system should be characterized above all by its robustness, in particular its suitability for ocean use, its flexible use and its scalability with regard to hydrogen production. Above all, it should be possible to produce hydrogen in a simple yet reliable manner in different places on earth and especially in sunny sea areas that are close to the equator.
  • the invention relates to a module for producing hydrogen, which has a support structure that can float in water and which therefore produces a buoyancy force when it comes into contact with water.
  • At least indirectly on the support structure are at least one electrolyzer for producing hydrogen, a solar cell for generating electrical energy, at least one water supply system for supplying the electrolyzer with process water required for the production of hydrogen, and at least one system element for storing, forwarding and/or processing Hydrogen and at least one interface element which is used to produce a connection suitable at least for transporting electrical energy and/or hydrogen with another such module for producing hydrogen and/or a functional unit that can also float in water is suitable for generating, storing, compressing, processing, loading and / or forwarding hydrogen.
  • the solar cell or a photovoltaic module with at least one solar cell, at least the surface intended for the absorption of solar radiation is in the floating state of the support structure above the water surface and is at least indirectly conductive to the electrolyzer, in which hydrogen can be produced from process water due to electrolysis, tied together.
  • the electrolyzer preferably has at least one fuel cell in which electrolysis can be initiated due to the supply of electrical energy. It is essential to the invention that a compact module is provided which has all the components that are required to generate the electrical energy required for hydrogen production and to obtain the hydrogen, but also for the further processing of the hydrogen on the module.
  • the module therefore has at least one solar cell, an electrolyzer, a water supply system for providing the process water required by the electrolyzer and at least one system element for treating the hydrogen produced.
  • a highly integrative module is thus created, which can also be connected to a similar module and/or at least one further buoyant functional unit for generating, storing, compressing, processing, loading and/or forwarding hydrogen due to the interface element also provided. Due to the use of one or a plurality of modules according to the invention, it becomes possible to create a flexible and scalable unit for generating, processing, storing and/or loading hydrogen.
  • a module is understood to mean a buoyant unit that does not have a ship's hull, but is designed in the form of a raft that only dips comparatively little into the water.
  • the raft-like design of the module is shown in the figures.
  • a module according to the invention is therefore not a ship that is permitted to travel on inland waters or for coastal or sea travel in accordance with the relevant regulations in order to transport goods and/or people.
  • What is essential for the module or the buoyant unit according to the invention is that it has a comparatively small draft, so that the quotient formed by the draft and the area enclosed by the waterline is also small.
  • the buoyant unit or raft has a floating body, preferably a plurality of floating bodies.
  • the floating bodies preferably have a buoyant material and/or have a cavity which can advantageously be filled or filled with air, a gas mixture or with a gas, preferably with hydrogen produced on the module.
  • the floating body or bodies In a module according to the invention in the form of a raft, the floating body or bodies only dip comparatively little into the water, in particular they do not form a ship's hull that is immersed in the water and the typical feature of a ship that displaces a large amount of water.
  • the module designed according to the invention in the form of a raft has a keel and/or a sword, preferably foldable or pivotable, through which transverse drift is reduced and a righting torque can be generated during a tilting movement.
  • the module according to the invention does not have an underwater ship with a lateral plan, as is typical for ships or their hulls. Rather, the module according to the invention floats primarily on water and only displaces a comparatively small amount of water.
  • the advantage here is that the module is not particularly high, but lies flat on the water and therefore only has a slight tendency to tip over.
  • a module or a production system which is composed of a plurality of such modules and/or further functional units, enables particularly cost-effective production of large quantities of hydrogen, since the advantages of series production, namely the use of standardized, autonomous modules as production units can be coupled via suitable interface elements. Cost savings can be achieved both for the individual components of a module according to the invention and for a module or the combination of several modules through the direct integration of energy generation, water supply and electrolyzer in a compact module. By selecting and connecting a plurality of modules and/or further functional units as required, it is possible to create a production system with the required production capacity effectively and in line with requirements.
  • a robust, seaworthy design of the modules according to the invention which are suitable for autonomous operation, enables the use of the module designed according to the invention or a plurality of such interconnected modules on all marine or inland water areas.
  • the solar cell arranged on a module designed according to the invention generates electrical energy with a maximum output of 2 to 2.5 kW p .
  • solar cells or a photovoltaic module with greater power, preferably up to approximately 5 kW p , especially if a storage device for the electrical energy generated is on the same and/or a different module and/or one Functional unit is present.
  • the electrolyzer of a module is designed in such a way that about 200 to 250 g of hydrogen per day, which at a pressure of 1.013 ⁇ 10 5 Pa and a temperature of 293 K, corresponds to a hydrogen volume of about 2.4 to 3.0 m 3 corresponds to be generated, whereby it is generally conceivable that the electrolyzer can be operated in a sliding manner with varying hydrogen production output. It is also conceivable that the electrolyzer is supplied exclusively directly by the electrical energy generated by a solar cell or that the electrical energy required for the production of hydrogen comes from a storage unit for electrical energy, which preferably has a storage capacity of 1 to 6 kWh, such as an accumulator and/or a capacitor. Depending on the design of a module according to the invention, it is conceivable that hydrogen production only takes place during sunshine phases or at least temporarily outside of these phases, for example also at night or when the sky is cloudy.
  • the base area of a module according to the invention with its components does not exceed a base area of 10 m 2 and the maximum height is not greater than 1 m
  • the support structure and/or a floating or ballast body and/or a keel in particular if This can be removed from the other components and is preferably not taken into account.
  • the height of the Module with support structure, floating or ballast body and / or keel does not exceed a value of 2.3 m according to a very special embodiment of the invention.
  • a keel that may be provided is designed to be foldable and/or removable in order to simplify the transport of a module.
  • a module according to the invention is selected such that it can be transported and/or stored in a 20-foot standard container with dimensions of 6.058 m (length), 2.438 m (width) and 2,591 m (height), can be arranged, possibly together with the ballast or floating body and/or keel removed.
  • the support structure at least partially has a material that is buoyant in water and/or at least one ballast tank that can be filled or is filled with at least one gas and/or air.
  • a ballast tank offers the possibility of adapting the buoyancy force provided by the support structure to the design of the module, in particular to the components used, as required.
  • Suitable control elements such as valves, compressors and measuring, control and/or regulating elements, are preferably provided for this purpose.
  • how deep the support structure is immersed in the water can be adjusted as needed, in particular depending on the prevailing wind and/or current conditions, the water depth and/or the sea state or the wave height.
  • At least one ballast keel is attached or at least attachable to the support structure, which contributes to increasing the tipping stability of the module according to the invention and should at least make it more difficult or even prevent a module from tipping over or capsizing. It is conceivable that the at least one keel is attached to the support structure in a tiltable, pivotable and/or movable manner, so that the depth at which it is immersed in the water can be changed as required. Alternatively or in addition, it is conceivable that an adjusting device is provided in order to change a weight and/or a weight distribution of the keel, for example by specifically filling and/or discharging water, air or a gas.
  • the system element has at least one hydrogen tank, which provides a buoyancy force to the support structure in the floating state, and is part of the support structure and/or at least partially forms the support structure.
  • a hydrogen storage or hydrogen tank is more integral Is part of the module and forms at least part of the buoyant support structure.
  • a module designed in this way is therefore a particularly compact unit that has both the structural units for generating electrical energy and hydrogen, for providing the required process water and at least one hydrogen storage unit, which is part of the support structure.
  • the hydrogen storage can be both a compressed gas storage and a storage for storing hydrogen at a comparatively low pressure level.
  • the water supply system is designed in such a way that water is taken at least temporarily from a body of water on which the support structure floats and the water taken from the electrolyzer, if necessary, in treated form, for example in desalinated, cooled and/or cleaned form Form, as process water is supplied to produce hydrogen.
  • the water supply system has suitable means to remove the water required for hydrogen production from a body of water on which the module with its support structure floats and to process it in such a way that it can be used in the electrolyzer as process water for hydrogen production, whereby the process water is at least for A large part is split into water and oxygen by using the electrical energy provided by at least one solar cell, in particular a photovoltaic module with a plurality of solar cells.
  • the water supply system advantageously has the system elements required for the provision of process water, such as pumps, valves, filters, heat exchangers and/or sensor elements.
  • at least one suitable unit, actuating element, sensor unit and/or control unit is provided in each case in order to determine at least one property of the surrounding material, depending on the need, for example the nature of the electrolyser and its electrodes.
  • the water obtained from the water and/or the process water including any intermediate products.
  • a conductivity, a temperature and/or a proportion of biomolecules in the water are measured and changed as required.
  • the water supply system is designed to at least temporarily remove water from ambient air and to supply the removed water to the electrolyzer as process water for producing hydrogen.
  • the water supply system designed according to this embodiment therefore has suitable system elements to remove the water it contains from the ambient air and supply it to the electrolyzer as process water.
  • the water supply system has at least one means that is set up to lower the ambient air below its dew point temperature, at least in specific areas, so that a targeted condensation of water occurs.
  • at least one sensor element is provided to detect the temperature, the absolute humidity and/or the relative humidity of the air in the surroundings of the module designed according to the invention.
  • the water supply system is advantageously designed in such a way that process water is obtained from the ambient air, for example by condensation on surfaces whose surface temperature is lower than the dew point temperature of the surrounding air and/or by collecting precipitation, in particular rainwater.
  • the water supply system advantageously has all of the system elements that are required for the extraction, forwarding, storage, processing and/or monitoring of at least one property of the ambient air and/or obtained water.
  • the water supply system obtains process water from ambient air, including the extraction of precipitation, and/or from the water surrounding the buoyant module, it preferably has at least one filter element, a unit for water desalination, a metering or mixing element, and a sensor unit Detection of the salinity of the water taken from the water and/or the process water, a water tank, an outlet for draining water and/or process water into the water, a heating element, a condensation surface, a cooling element for cooling a surface and/or a heat exchanger for condensation of water from air.
  • the water supply system Provision of the process water has at least one element for collecting precipitation, in particular rainwater, whereby it is generally conceivable that precipitation is collected using suitable funnels or channels and, if the water is not immediately needed for hydrogen production in the electrolyzer, in a water tank , which is also part of the module according to the invention, is cached.
  • surfaces that are intended for the condensation of water from the ambient air or for the drainage of precipitation are inclined relative to the horizontal.
  • the surface of the solar cells or photovoltaic module intended for the generation of electrical energy is used, at least in addition, to drain away precipitation and/or condensing water and supply it to the provision of process water.
  • the surface of at least the solar cells is at least partially inclined with respect to the horizontal, it being conceivable that one or more areas of the surface face the same direction or different directions are inclined.
  • the surfaces of the solar cells are arranged in a V-shape or pyramid shape.
  • at least the surfaces of the solar cells can be specifically adjusted in terms of their orientation, in particular depending on the position of the sun and the azimuth angle of the sun.
  • at least one or all surfaces of the solar cells are arranged such that a projection of a normal vector of the respective surface in a horizontal plane points at least almost in the direction of east or west.
  • the water supply system has a cooling element for realizing radiation cooling and / or a sorption dehumidifier, in particular a sorption dehumidifier with a sorption medium that can be moved during operation, which alternately absorbs moisture from the ambient air and in turn, for example, to the sorption medium air flow flowing through at least temporarily.
  • a cooling element for realizing radiation cooling and / or a sorption dehumidifier, in particular a sorption dehumidifier with a sorption medium that can be moved during operation, which alternately absorbs moisture from the ambient air and in turn, for example, to the sorption medium air flow flowing through at least temporarily.
  • the surface is inclined relative to the horizontal and/or funnel-shaped in order to encourage the condensed water to flow away from the surface into a collecting element.
  • the radiant cooler emits infrared radiation so that the temperature of the surface is lowered below the dew point temperature of the ambient air.
  • the radiation cooler is controlled depending on the temperature and/or relative humidity of the ambient air detected with at least one sensor unit. Depending on the relative humidity of the ambient air, the temperature on the surface, which is used to generate the process water, can be reduced as required and water can be separated from the ambient air.
  • regenerative sorption media which alternately absorb water from an ambient air stream, in particular due to rotation, and then release it to another fluid stream of the water supply system.
  • the electrolyzer in which the process water provided is split into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis, is used as a fuel cell, in particular as a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), as an alkaline fuel cell (AFC), as a solid oxide Fuel cell (SOFC) or as a salt water fuel cell, the cell being operated in reverse mode and thus as an electrolyzer cell.
  • PEMFC proton exchange membrane fuel cell
  • AFC alkaline fuel cell
  • SOFC solid oxide Fuel cell
  • a salt water fuel cell the cell being operated in reverse mode and thus as an electrolyzer cell.
  • a solid oxide electrolyzer with integrated ammonium production is used to store the hydrogen produced, so that a particularly compact unit is used for the production and storage of hydrogen.
  • the at least one solar cell is connected to an accumulator and/or a capacitor in a current-conducting manner. It is in turn advantageous if such energy storage devices in the form of an accumulator and/or capacitor are an integral part of the module designed according to the invention and are therefore directly or indirectly connected to the buoyant support structure of the module. Such an energy storage device is advantageously used to temporarily store the electrical energy generated by the solar cell.
  • the electrical energy generated by the solar cell can be temporarily stored and be used later, for example at night or when it is cloudy, to supply the electrolyser and/or other consumers with electrical energy.
  • a further special embodiment of the invention provides that the support structure of the module designed according to the invention is at least indirectly connected to a drive unit and a drive means that can be driven by it for locomotion in a floating state.
  • a drive unit is preferably an electric motor which is connected to a propeller or a nozzle unit as a drive means, so that the module can be moved as required.
  • the drive unit and/or the drive means is connected to the support structure via a keel, preferably as described above.
  • a control unit is also provided, which is set up to process data relating to the module position, information about a position of the sun and/or a duration of sunshine, weather parameters, flow parameters, tidal information and/or wave parameters, or corresponding data based on the already processed data to obtain based information and, based on the processed data and/or the information, to generate a control signal for controlling the drive unit and thus for targeted module movement.
  • control of the drive unit takes place automatically, so that a module designed according to the invention can be moved as needed and/or moved to different locations.
  • a module designed according to the invention takes place depending on upcoming weather events, in particular particularly high wind speeds, strong waves and/or tides. It is also conceivable that with the help of a combination of control and drive unit designed in this way, a module can be moved at least partially automatically in such a way that it can be connected in a comparatively simple manner, preferably automatically, with at least one further module and/or a functional unit for generating, storing, Compression, processing, loading and/or forwarding of hydrogen and/or fastening of ships can be connected.
  • the support structure is at least indirectly connected to a fastening unit to which a sea anchor and/or a base anchor can be fastened.
  • a fastening unit to which a sea anchor and/or a base anchor can be fastened.
  • At least one sensor unit is provided in or on the module designed according to the invention, which is suitable for determining the hydrogen concentration in a gas stream.
  • the hydrogen concentration in a gas stream can be monitored and the operation of the electrolyzer can be regulated in an advantageous manner depending on the measured hydrogen concentration.
  • the module according to the invention has at least one further sensor unit, for example for detecting water and/or air parameters. Using such a sensor unit, the salt content of the water required to produce process water and/or the process water can be detected.
  • the salt concentration is set to a desired value, for example by selectively metering or mixing in rainwater and/or fresh water obtained from the ambient air into salt water that was taken from the surrounding body of water, in particular depending on the im Electrolyzer used electrodes.
  • a sensor unit can be provided to detect the temperature and/or the relative or absolute humidity of the ambient air, so that, for example, a radiation cooler that is used to obtain water from the ambient air, in particular its cooling capacity, can be controlled as required.
  • the support structure is equipped with a unit for generating electrical energy from wind, Wave and/or flow energy, in particular from tidal flow energy, is connected, which is preferably connected in a current-conducting manner to at least one consumer of electrical energy, an accumulator and / or the electrolyzer of a module designed according to the invention.
  • a unit for generating electrical energy from wind, Wave and/or flow energy in particular from tidal flow energy
  • At least one control unit is provided for controlling the operation, in particular a performance of the water supply system when providing process water, a performance of the solar cell when generating electrical energy and / or a performance of the electrolyzer when producing hydrogen depending on at least one operating parameter that is specific for the generation and storage of electrical energy and / or hydrogen, to be adjusted or changed as needed.
  • the control unit is therefore designed in such a way that an operating performance of the solar cell, the electrolyzer and/or the water supply system is specifically changed depending on at least one input parameter, in particular a measured variable. In this way, regulation of the aforementioned devices can be implemented particularly advantageously.
  • the performance of the solar cell for example through temporary, targeted shading or the switching on of electrical resistors, or that of the electrolyzer when producing hydrogen can be adapted to the remaining storage capacity for hydrogen.
  • the interface element has at least one damping unit, a spring unit and/or an energy conversion unit.
  • the interface element designed in this way, it is possible to reliably absorb forces that occur during the existence of a connection between a module and another module and/or between a module and a functional unit on the interface element, in particular tensile or compressive forces, or even use them to convert energy are, in particular, to generate electrical energy from the forces occurring, which in turn is used directly by at least one consumer of electrical energy of the module or is at least temporarily stored in a storage device for electrical energy, such as an accumulator or a capacitor.
  • at least one such damping, spring and/or energy conversion unit is arranged in the connection running between two modules or between a module and a functional unit.
  • a further special embodiment of the invention provides that a module designed according to the invention has, in addition to the at least one solar cell, at least one unit that generates electrical energy using forces caused by wind, waves and / or current, in particular tidal current generate.
  • a unit is preferably integrated into the process for producing hydrogen in such a way that the electrical energy generated is temporarily stored in an electrical energy storage device and is available to the electrical consumers provided on a module.
  • Such additional energy conversion units also enable the generation of electrical energy when this is not possible through the solar cell, for example at night or when the sky is cloudy.
  • At least one adjustment unit is provided in the area of the interface element, with which a length of the connection between modules connected to one another or between a module and a functional unit connected to it, i.e. the respective distance, can be changed.
  • a change in the distance occurs depending on a change in the wave height or the current speed prevailing in the water. It is also conceivable that the maintenance, repair and/or replacement of individual modules or the connecting and disconnecting of modules is facilitated by changing the distance between modules as required.
  • the invention also relates to a system with at least two modules, which are designed according to at least one of the previously described embodiments or with at least one module according to at least one of the previously described embodiments and a functional unit for generating storage, compression, processing, loading and/or or forwarding of hydrogen, wherein the connection between the at least two modules and/or between a module and the functional unit is established by means of a connection suitable for transporting electrical energy and/or hydrogen.
  • connection thus advantageously has a connector which provides a specifically producible and separable connection between at least two modules or between one module and a functional unit, wherein such a connector is designed at its ends in such a way that it can be releasably attached to an interface element of the module or the functional unit in a non-destructive manner.
  • the system designed according to the invention can be constructed in such a way that it is composed of a plurality of modules and preferably further functional units for storing, processing and/or loading hydrogen, which is adapted to the desired production capacity of hydrogen as required.
  • a correspondingly selected plurality of modules is also preferably adapted to the number of additionally provided, also buoyant functional units.
  • Such functional units are also designed and selected according to needs, in particular depending on the selected type of hydrogen storage and hydrogen removal.
  • Functional units in particular have fastening elements for fastening buoyant vehicles for gas transport, high-pressure or low-pressure storage for hydrogen, compressors, actuating elements, sensor and safety elements and/or systems for the production of ammonia.
  • the ammonia can be produced, for example, using the Haber-Bosch process, in which the gases nitrogen and hydrogen react with one another at around 200 bar and 450 ° C on an iron catalyst according to N2 +3H2 - > 2NH3, whereby the nitrogen is preferably produced via air liquefaction and the hydrogen is generated with the help of at least one electrolyzer arranged on a module designed according to the invention.
  • the gaseous reaction product NH3 is then preferably liquefied either by cooling or absorption in water.
  • a module designed according to the invention itself or a functional unit connected to it has at least one connection element to which a pipeline for transporting hydrogen is connected and/or can be connected.
  • the system according to the invention has a plurality of modules, the number of which, as mentioned above, can be adapted to the required production capacity of hydrogen and due to the structure of the modules according to the invention a corresponding system can be used flexibly in different locations or moved to different locations.
  • Suitable transport vehicles can be used for transport, or the modules can be moved autonomously with the help of a drive that is at least indirectly connected to the support structure. It is particularly advantageous if such a system is used in an area with a comparatively long period of sunshine, especially near the equator.
  • Due to the suitable design of the individual modules it is generally conceivable to move a system using the drive unit provided on at least one module. The movement is preferably carried out with a drive unit which is controlled by a control unit, so that the system can be advantageously moved to a desired location or the positioning of the system can be changed as required.
  • the positioning of the individual modules designed according to the invention and/or the system, which is formed from at least two modules and/or from a module and a suitable functional unit, can be carried out using suitable navigation units, for example with the aid of GPS data.
  • At least one of the modules of a system has an adjustment unit in order to change the length of the connection and thus the distance between connected modules and/or between a module and a functional unit connected to it.
  • the individual modules or a module and a functional unit are connected using a suitable connector through which electrical energy and hydrogen can be transported. It is particularly advantageous if the individual connectors are suitable for absorbing forces, in particular tensile or compressive forces, between the individual modules due to sea conditions or currents. It is particularly advantageous if the connectors are designed to generate electrical energy using the forces absorbed and to transmit it to a module and/or a functional unit for use and/or storage.
  • the adjustment of the distance between two modules and/or between a module and a functional unit is preferably carried out depending on the swell or current prevailing in a body of water.
  • the adjustment is preferably carried out automatically with a control that is based on measured or predicted values with regard to sea state and/or current.
  • the collectors advantageously provide data transmission paths via which data can be exchanged unidirectionally or bidirectionally between adjacent modules and/or between a module and an adjacent functional unit. Additionally or alternatively, data exchange between modules and/or functional units takes place wirelessly.
  • At least one of the connected modules and / or functional units at least one further unit for generating electrical energy, such as a wind turbine with a rotor that can be rotated about a horizontal or vertical axis, a shaft or flow generator or a so-called kite.
  • a movement of at least one module according to the invention using a sail, for example with a kite guided over at least one cable winch, is also conceivable.
  • At least one of the modules and/or at least one of the functional units of a system has a gas compressor unit, a fuel cell for generating electrical energy from hydrogen, a fastening unit for fastening watercraft, a transfer point for connecting a hose and/or or pipeline, a compressed gas storage facility for gaseous hydrogen, a gas separation plant, a gas liquefaction plant, a cryogenic tank, a plant for producing ammonia from hydrogen, a water tank and/or a storage facility for electrical energy.
  • a system according to the invention is characterized in that the individual modules and/or functional units can be adapted and put together to the respective requirements.
  • hydrogen produced can be stored as hydrogen or in the form of ammonia for a longer period of time or can be loaded directly onto a ship via a suitable loading point.
  • the invention is characterized precisely by the fact that individual modules can be produced as needed, preferably from standard components, and a suitable system for producing hydrogen can be put together from these modules, if necessary supplemented by special functional units. In this way, hydrogen can be produced, stored, loaded and, if necessary, converted into ammonia in a way that is particularly adapted to the respective situation, cost-effectively and at the same time has a high degree of reliability.
  • the invention is essentially based on a specially designed, robust and needs-configurable module as well as the possibility of coupling a plurality of such modules together to form a hydrogen production system.
  • This enables demand-based production of hydrogen, which can preferably take place on inland waters or the open sea.
  • a different number of modules can be coupled together as required.
  • the failure, maintenance or repair of individual modules is not as significant as is the case, for example, with the failure of individual components of a comparatively large power plant, such as those often used to convert fossil fuels into electrical energy.
  • Fig. 2 second embodiment of a module designed according to the invention in a top and a side view;
  • Fig. 4 Process diagram of hydrogen production, as can be realized using at least one module designed according to the invention and
  • Fig. 5 Top view of a system for hydrogen production with a plurality of interconnected modules designed according to the invention for hydrogen production as well as functional units for storing, compressing and loading hydrogen.
  • All components of the module 1 or raft are at least indirectly connected to a support structure 2, which provides a buoyancy force, according to the in Fig.
  • the module 1 has a water supply system 5, which takes water from the body of water on which the module 1 floats, processes it and supplies it to the electrolyzer as process water.
  • the desired hydrogen is ultimately produced from the process water by splitting it into oxygen and hydrogen.
  • the water treatment system 5 has a pump 11, preferably a submersible pump, and a water filter 28 as well as a sensor unit 22 for measuring the electrical conductivity of the water taken from the body of water, in particular salt water, and ultimately supplies this as process water either directly or after intermediate storage in a water tank 10 the electrolyzer 3.
  • the electrodes of the electrolyzer 3 are designed in such a way that the material is resistant to process water with a permissible salt content, in particular a desired minimum operating time is guaranteed.
  • the water that is no longer required is released from the water supply system 5 into the body of water via a water outlet 12.
  • the unit 14 for obtaining water from the ambient air it is possible to obtain water, particularly at night, by lowering the surface temperature of a condensation element 16 below the dew point temperature of the ambient air.
  • the lowering of the temperature of the surface is made possible using radiation cooling that emits infrared radiation.
  • the temperature of the surface of the condensation element 16, which is inclined relative to the horizontal is lowered below the dew point temperature of the ambient air and the water that condenses out is drained off over the inclined surface and fed to the electrolyzer as process water either directly or after intermediate storage in the water tank 10 as required.
  • Mixing with water that has been taken from the body of water occurs in particular when the salt content of the water taken from the body of water is too high to be fed directly to the electrolyzer.
  • the module 1 shown in Fig. 1 provides a device 15 for collecting rainwater, which has a gutter surrounding the solar cells 4 on the circumference, in which rainwater in particular is collected and in turn fed to the electrolyzer as process water either directly or after intermediate storage in the water tank 10 as required 3 can be supplied.
  • a control unit 25 is provided to adjust the salinity of the process water to a value by appropriately mixing the water taken from the body of water with rainwater and/or water taken from the ambient air, so that the salinity is below an upper limit value, which would endanger the durability of the electrodes of the electrolyzer 3, at least during prolonged operation.
  • the module 1 has a central control with a control unit 19, via which a targeted movement of the module 1 can be initiated, as will be explained below, and a control unit 25, which controls the components required for the production of electrical energy and hydrogen .
  • a control unit 19 via which a targeted movement of the module 1 can be initiated, as will be explained below, and a control unit 25, which controls the components required for the production of electrical energy and hydrogen .
  • the data and software required for the control are located on the module 1 and/or at least partially on a remote data processing unit.
  • the propeller 18 is rotatably mounted relative to the support structure 2.
  • a rotatable water nozzle or, in particular in the case of a non-rotatable propeller or water nozzle, a pivotally mounted rudder blade can be provided.
  • a module 1 designed according to the invention can be moved in a targeted manner, so that it is connected to other modules 1 and / or functional units 8 or even a system that has a plurality of connected modules 1 can be moved.
  • a targeted movement of at least one module 1, for example depending on an impending storm or certain tidal currents, to an advantageous position can be realized.
  • a corresponding movement can of course also take place depending on the position of the sun, in particular the duration of sunshine in a sea area, the height of the sun and/or the azimuth angle of the sun.
  • FIG. 2 shows in figures 2a) a top view and 2b) a side view of a module 1, which is designed according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the module 1 according to FIG. 2 differs from that according to FIG. 1 in that the unit 14 for obtaining water from the ambient air has a further condensation element 16, on the surface of which condensation can be brought about in a targeted manner.
  • This condensation element 16, which is part of the water supply system 5, is arranged centrally in relation to the rectangular surface of the module 1 and has a post with condensation surfaces that can be folded relative to it.
  • the condensation surfaces are in the unfolded state and are inclined relative to the horizontal, so that impinging rainwater or water condensing from the ambient air is drained towards the post.
  • a hose or a pipeline through which the water obtained is drained off and fed to the electrolyzer 3 either directly or after intermediate storage in the water tank 10.
  • the condensation surfaces cover the photovoltaic module with the solar cells 4 at least in some areas when folded out and partially shade it, the condensation surfaces are preferably folded out at night or when there is only minimal sunshine, for example when the sky is cloudy.
  • the inclined condensation surfaces of the condensation element 16 which are preferably cooled below the dew point temperature of the ambient air using radiation cooling, to obtain water from the environment through condensation and to temporarily store this water or to supply it directly as process water to the electrolyzer 3 of the module 1 if required.
  • the process water is split into hydrogen and oxygen by the electrolyzer 3 of the module 1 by means of electrolysis, with the oxygen generated being discharged into the environment.
  • the hydrogen produced is stored in a hydrogen storage 9, in particular a compressed gas storage, which at least partially forms the support structure 2 of the module 1. Furthermore, the module shown in FIG. 2 also has a drive unit 17 with an electric motor and a propeller 18 that can be driven by it, so that the module 1 can be moved as required, as already described.
  • Both the module 1 according to FIG. 1 and the one according to FIG /or loading of hydrogen can be connected. Suitable connectors are used for the connection, via which both hydrogen and electrical energy can be exchanged between the individual modules 1 and/or between modules 1 and functional units 8.
  • the transmission of data is also conceivable, with data transmission between the individual modules 1 and/or between modules 1 and functional units 8 also being able to take place wirelessly, in particular with the interposition of amplifier units.
  • Fig. 3 showed a third embodiment of a module 1 designed according to the invention in a top and a side view.
  • the solar cells 4 or their surfaces are arranged such that a cross section is V-shaped. Precipitation hitting the surfaces, in particular rain, can easily run off and is collected at the lower edges of the solar cells in a drain or gutter of the water supply system 5, which is arranged between the solar cells 4. It is also conceivable that at least one edge, on which the lower ends of the solar cells 4 touch, is at least partially inclined, so that collected water flows away and is used by the water supply system 5 to generate process water.
  • a photovoltaic module with solar cells 4 which supplies the electrical energy required by the various consumers of the module 1.
  • the electrical energy generated by the solar cells 4 is either used directly or temporarily stored in a storage device for electrical energy, in particular an accumulator, such as a lithium-ion accumulator.
  • the module 1 has a water supply system with which water can be obtained from the body of water on which the module floats and from the ambient air.
  • a pump 11 which is preferably designed as a submersible pump
  • water is first removed from the body of water on which the module floats and passed over a condenser 30 provided as a condensation element 16.
  • a condenser 30 provided as a condensation element 16.
  • heat is transferred between the water in the body of water, for example sea water, and the ambient air that has been sucked in and which has previously been passed through an air filter 29.
  • the water sucked in is heated in the condenser 30 and the ambient air is cooled, so that condensation occurs within the air flow as soon as the temperature of the incoming air drops below its dew point temperature.
  • the heated water is returned to the body of water via a water outlet 12.
  • the water obtained in the condenser 30 is fed to a water tank 10, whereby the condensed water is optionally mixed, depending on the recent weather conditions, with existing rainwater or water obtained in some other way from the ambient air.
  • a parameter in particular the conductivity of the water
  • the obtained or treated water is suitable for use as process water in the electrolyzer 3 for producing hydrogen, in particular that the salt content does not exceed an impermissible limit. Is the salinity of the process water is too high, this can lead to damage to the electrodes of the electrolyzer 3. Unsuitable, unnecessary or excess process water is also discharged into the surrounding water.
  • the water supply system 5 supplies the electrolyzer with process water as required.
  • the electrolyzer is a fuel cell, in particular a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM fuel cell), which is used in reverse as an electrolyzer 3.
  • PEM fuel cell proton exchange membrane fuel cell
  • the electrical energy required to split the process water into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis is supplied to the electrolyzer 3 from the solar cells 4 or from the battery.
  • Hydrogen is produced at the electrode of the fuel cell that serves as the cathode, while oxygen is produced at the electrode that serves as the anode.
  • the resulting oxygen is removed, while the hydrogen produced is removed and the hydrogen concentration of the removed gas stream is measured using a suitable sensor unit 21.
  • the hydrogen produced is thus guided into a special system element 6 of the module 1, in which the gas concentration of the gas stream is forwarded and recorded. Furthermore, the hydrogen produced is conveyed into a hydrogen storage 9 provided on the functional unit via an interface element 7 with a coupling and a connector 27, which establishes a connection to a further functional unit 8.
  • the hydrogen storage 9 can also be arranged directly on the module 1 and forms at least part of the support structure 2.
  • the hydrogen supplied from the module 1 via the connector 27 is first temporarily stored in a first hydrogen storage 9 of the functional unit 8 in an uncompressed state. Part of this hydrogen is supplied to a fuel cell 31, which generates electrical energy, which is used to drive a compressor 32 of the functional unit 8.
  • the compressor 31 compresses a large part of the remaining hydrogen stored in the first hydrogen storage 9 and conveys it into a high-pressure gas storage 33, in which the hydrogen is stored until it is used further or transported away, for example with the help of a seagoing gas tanker.
  • either the functional unit 8 or another platform that is connected to it has a docking device 26 with fastening elements for fastening ships 26. Excess hydrogen is released into the environment during the process.
  • FIG. 5 finally shows a plan view of a system 34, which has a plurality of modules 1 designed according to the invention and floating on the water surface for hydrogen production as well as special functional units 8, the modules 1 being partially connected to other modules 1 or to one of the functional units.
  • the individual modules 1 each have suitable interface elements 7, to which connectors 27 are attached to establish a connection via which at least hydrogen and electrical energy, preferably also data, can be transmitted.
  • the connectors 27 absorb the forces that occur during operation, for example due to sea conditions or currents.
  • the individual interface elements 7 and/or the connectors 27 are preferably further designed in such a way that damping and/or generation of electrical energy is realized using mechanical, electrical, electro-pneumatic or magnetic forces.
  • special functional units 8 are provided, which also have connections provided for this purpose with connectors 27, which preferably exchange electrical energy and / or hydrogen with at least one module 1 designed according to the invention or at least one further functional unit 8.
  • the functional units 8, which are also buoyant and are specifically designed according to the special requirements, offer a flexible possibility of storing and processing the hydrogen produced, for example generating ammonia and/or forwarding the hydrogen, in particular loading it onto gas tankers.
  • Some of the functional units 8 provided outdoors have a suitable mooring device 26 with fastening elements for fastening ships, in particular seagoing gas tankers.
  • the modules 1 of the system 34 shown in FIG. 4 which represents a production unit for producing hydrogen, have further elements for generating electrical energy, which use wind, wave or flow forces, for example to generate electrical energy. What is important about the system 34 shown in FIG. 5 for producing, storing and loading hydrogen is that it can be adapted to the amount of hydrogen intended for production as required.
  • any number of compact, robust modules 1 designed according to the invention can generally be connected to form a large buoyant system through which hydrogen is produced using solar energy.
  • maintenance and repair work can be carried out relatively easily, especially without there being a significant reduction in the production output of the system 34.
  • individual modules 1 can be replaced comparatively easily without this having a significant impact on the operation of the system 34.
  • fail-safe systems 34 can be implemented for the production of green hydrogen, without even requiring the provision of land area. Since at least some of the modules 1 shown in FIG. 5 have drive units 17 with an electric motor and a propeller 18 that can be driven by it, the modules and thus also the entire system 34 can be moved to different locations. In this context, it is conceivable that when certain storm events are predicted, the system 34 is relocated in such a way that it is only hit by tails of the predicted storm, if at all.
  • adjustment units 29 are arranged in the area of the interface elements 7 of the modules 1, in particular their couplings, so that the distance between the individual modules 1 can be changed, for example depending on the sea state, i.e. the connectors 27 between the individual ones Modules 1 and or functional units 8 can be lengthened or shortened.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un module (1) se présentant sous forme de radeau destiné à produire de l'hydrogène ainsi qu'une installation (34) comportant une pluralité de tels modules (1). Le module (1) dispose d'une structure porteuse (2) flottante, qui fournit, à l'état flottant, une force ascensionnelle et sur laquelle sont fixés dans chaque cas au moins indirectement au moins un électrolyseur (3), une cellule solaire (4), une installation de fourniture d'eau (5), au moins un élément d'installation (6) destiné à stocker, transférer et/ou traiter l'hydrogène et au moins un élément interface (7). Un tel module (1) peut être relié par l'intermédiaire dudit au moins un élément interface (6) à une pluralité de modules (1) en une grande installation de production, de stockage, de traitement et/ou de transfert d'hydrogène.
EP23731094.1A 2022-05-23 2023-05-23 Module de production d'hydrogène et installation comportant une pluralité de tels modules Pending EP4529573A2 (fr)

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EP22174880.9A EP4283016A1 (fr) 2022-05-23 2022-05-23 Module de génération de l'hydrogène, ainsi qu'installation dotée d'une pluralité de tels modules
PCT/EP2023/063726 WO2023227568A2 (fr) 2022-05-23 2023-05-23 Module de production d'hydrogène et installation comportant une pluralité de tels modules

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WO2025131283A1 (fr) * 2023-12-21 2025-06-26 Christopher Adams Procédé et système intégrés pour générer de l'hydrogène et d'autres produits au large
EP4656771A1 (fr) * 2024-05-29 2025-12-03 SolarDuck Holding B.V. Installation de production d'hydrogène flottante et système de production d'hydrogène en mer
EP4656506A1 (fr) * 2024-05-29 2025-12-03 SolarDuck Holding B.V. Centrale électrique flottante et centrale de production d'électricité en mer

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US4565617A (en) * 1981-12-18 1986-01-21 Om Ahuja Photovoltaic energy gas generating apparatus
DE9115232U1 (de) * 1991-12-04 1992-02-06 Mohr, Ulrich, Prof. Dr., O-1532 Kleinmachnow Photovoltaische Energieerzeugungsanlage
DE19758309A1 (de) * 1997-12-31 1999-07-08 Guenter Thielmann Schwimmende Vorrichtung zur Wasserstoffgewinnung
DE10318036A1 (de) 2003-04-19 2004-11-04 Nikolaus Johannes Laing Solarenergiewandler mit Elektrolyseur
US7453164B2 (en) * 2003-06-16 2008-11-18 Polestar, Ltd. Wind power system
US11148767B2 (en) * 2017-11-10 2021-10-19 Scotra Corporation Floating photovoltaic system
KR102030065B1 (ko) * 2018-02-05 2019-10-08 (주)아이엔오기술 수상용 태양광 발전 시스템
KR102433996B1 (ko) * 2020-07-09 2022-08-19 고려대학교 산학협력단 수전해 장치 및 수전해 방법

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