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EP4529009A1 - Gestion de défaut de courant continu dans un système d'alimentation électrique - Google Patents

Gestion de défaut de courant continu dans un système d'alimentation électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4529009A1
EP4529009A1 EP23198367.7A EP23198367A EP4529009A1 EP 4529009 A1 EP4529009 A1 EP 4529009A1 EP 23198367 A EP23198367 A EP 23198367A EP 4529009 A1 EP4529009 A1 EP 4529009A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pole
branch
fault
mmc
leg
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23198367.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sasitharan Subramanian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Energy Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Energy Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Energy Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Energy Ltd
Priority to EP23198367.7A priority Critical patent/EP4529009A1/fr
Priority to US18/885,218 priority patent/US20250096557A1/en
Priority to CN202411309063.5A priority patent/CN119674878A/zh
Publication of EP4529009A1 publication Critical patent/EP4529009A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for DC systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks via a high-tension DC link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to electrical power systems with symmetrical monopole configurations. More particularly, it relates to providing a protection method, controller, and computer program product for protecting a Modular Multilevel Converter, MMC, for Direct Current, DC, fault protection in a symmetrical monopole configuration.
  • MMC Modular Multilevel Converter
  • renewable energy resources for example, wind farms, photovoltaic, PV, sources, or the like
  • An electrical power system for example, a High-Voltage Direct Current, HVDC, system offers flexibility, controllability, and resilience required for large-scale integration of the renewable energy resources and transmission of power from an offshore station to an onshore station.
  • the electrical power system comprises voltage source converters arranged in a symmetrical monopole configuration to transmit an electrical power (i.e., Direct Current, DC, power) from the offshore station to the onshore station over a transmission line connected between the voltage source converters.
  • Fig. 1A discloses an example electrical power system 100 according to the prior art.
  • the electrical power system 100 comprising two voltage source converters 10 arranged in a symmetrical monopole configuration is depicted in Fig. 1A .
  • Each voltage source converter 10 is connected to an Alternate Current, AC, power source 15, and to a transmission line via DC poles 25 and 30 of the voltage source converter 10.
  • the transmission line comprises DC cables 25a and 30a suitable for transmission of an electrical/DC power through positive and negative polarities.
  • a DC fault 21 identifying a DC pole to ground fault of one of the DC poles increases a voltage with respect to ground of other DC pole.
  • the DC fault 21 of a DC pole 25 increases a voltage with respect to ground of the DC pole 30, wherein said voltage may exceed a maximum voltage pre-defined for the DC pole 30.
  • Such an overvoltage of the DC pole 30 may cause damages to the electrical power system 100 including the DC cables 25a and 30a, which further causes significant disruptions and financial loss to a power supplier.
  • Fig. 1B discloses an example protection arrangement according to the prior art for use in protection of the DC poles 25 and 30 during the DC fault.
  • the protection arrangement comprises a DC arrester 20 for each of the DC poles 25 and 30.
  • the DC arrester 20 protects the respective DC pole upon determination of the DC fault 21 of the other DC pole.
  • a voltage of the DC pole 30 may increase.
  • the DC arrester 20 corresponding to the DC pole 30 may be short-circuited to protect the DC pole 30.
  • voltage levels of the DC arrester 20 are required to be designed typically more than (for example, 1.7 times) a steady state peak voltage.
  • a voltage rating of each of the DC cables are to be decided based on a voltage withstand level of the DC arrester 20.
  • the existing type of DC cables for example, Extruded type DC cables
  • the existing type of DC cable may not be feasible to withstand if a voltage of the DC cable exceeds 640 Kilovolt, KV with increased voltage rating due to the DC fault 21.
  • the leg further comprises a second branch having a first director valve and a second director valve connected in series.
  • the first branch and the second branch are connected in parallel.
  • the legs of the MMC are connected in series between the DC poles of the MMC.
  • the protection method comprises measuring DC pole voltages relative a common ground.
  • the protection method comprises determining based on the measured DC pole voltages, a DC fault identifying a DC pole to ground fault of one of the DC poles.
  • the protection method comprises controlling the director valves of the second branch for each leg to bypass the DC poles through the second branch of the director valves for protecting a DC pole other than the DC pole identified with the DC fault.
  • a controller for protecting a Modular Multilevel Converter, MMC, for DC fault protection in a symmetrical monopole configuration comprises a leg.
  • the leg comprises a first branch having an upper arm and a lower arm connected in series.
  • the upper arm and the lower arm each comprises submodules configured to contribute to a waveform of an output voltage of the MMC.
  • the leg further comprises a second branch having a first director valve and a second director valve connected in series.
  • the first branch and the second branch are connected in parallel.
  • the legs of the MMC are connected in series between the DC poles of the MMC.
  • the controller comprises a measuring module configured to measure DC pole voltages relative the common ground.
  • a third aspect is an apparatus comprising the controller of the second aspect.
  • an electrical power system comprises a transmission line comprising Direct Current, DC, cables, a Modular Multilevel Converter, MMC, and a controller of the second aspect.
  • the MMC is arranged in a symmetrical monopole configuration between a first terminal and a second terminal of the transmission line for transmitting electrical power over the transmission line.
  • the MMC for each of at least one phase comprises a leg.
  • the leg comprises a first branch having an upper arm and a lower arm connected in series.
  • the upper arm and the lower arm each comprises submodules configured to contribute to a waveform of an output voltage of the MMC.
  • the leg further comprises a second branch having a first director valve and a second director valve connected in series.
  • the first branch and the second branch are connected in parallel.
  • the legs of the MMC are connected in series between the DC poles of the MMC.
  • the controller of the second aspect is configured to be connected to each leg of the MMC.
  • a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable medium, having thereon a computer program comprising program instructions.
  • the computer program is loadable into a data processing unit and configured to cause execution of the method according to any of the first to fourth aspects when the computer program is run by the data processing unit.
  • the proposed invention provides an efficient protection arrangement and method for the DC fault protection with reduced converter cost and footprint.
  • a voltage withstand level of the DC cables may be reduced for the symmetrical monopole configuration with reduced cost.
  • DC pole voltages may refer to output voltages of DC poles of a Modular Multilevel Converter, MMC.
  • Unhealthy DC pole As used herein, "unhealthy DC pole” may refer to a DC pole determined with a DC fault.
  • the electrical power system comprises converters (for example, voltage source converters) arranged in a symmetrical monopole configuration to connect to an Alternate Current, AC, power source and to a transmission line via Direct Current, DC, poles for transmission of an electrical power.
  • the transmission line comprises DC cables suitable for transmission of the electrical power.
  • a DC fault identifying a DC pole to ground fault of one of the DC poles causes voltage of other DC fault to increase and exceed a maximum voltage pre-defined for the other DC fault. Thereby, causing damages to the DC pole.
  • Fig. 2 discloses an electrical power system 100.
  • the electrical power system 100 referred herein may be connected to renewable sources such as large windfarms, photovoltaic, PV, sources, or the like, for supporting high power onshore and offshore renewable energy transmissions.
  • the electrical power system 100 may be a High-Voltage Direct Current, HVDC, system.
  • the first branch 65 comprises an upper arm 62 and a lower arm 64.
  • the upper arm 62 and the lower arm 64 are connected in series.
  • the upper arm 62 and lower arm 64 each comprises submodules configured to contribute to a waveform of an output voltage of the MMC 80.
  • the submodules of each of the upper arm 62 and the lower arm 64 may comprise full-bridge submodules/full-bridge inverter.
  • the full-bridge submodules may include four switching elements 62a/64a with a cell capacitor 62b/64b.
  • the submodules of each of the upper arm 62 and the lower arm 64 may comprise half-bridge submodules/half-bridge inverter.
  • the half-bridge submodules may include two switching elements 62a/64a with a cell capacitor 62b/64b. Examples of the switching elements 62a/64a referred herein may include, but are not limited to, an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT, Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristor, IGCT, and so on.
  • the controller 95 depicted in Fig. 4 comprises a measuring module 90, a determination module 91, and a protection module 92.
  • the measuring module 90 is configured to measure DC pole voltages relative the common ground.
  • the DC pole voltages refer to output voltages of the DC poles of the MMC relative the common ground.
  • the measuring module 90 receives voltage parameters from a voltage measurement device 45.
  • the voltage measurement device 45 may be configured to be connected to the DC poles of the MMC. In some examples, the voltage parameters from the voltage measurement device 45 may identify output voltages of the DC poles. Based on the received voltage parameters, the measuring module 90 measures the DC pole voltages relative the common ground.
  • the protection module 92 Upon determining the DC fault of one of the DC poles, the protection module 92 is configured to control director valves 52 and 54 of the second branch 55 for each leg 70 in the MMC to bypass the DC poles through the second branch 55 of director valves 52 and 54.
  • Bypassing of the DC poles through the second branch 55 of director valves 52 and 54 controls for example, reduces voltage of the DC pole other than the DC pole identified with the DC fault. Said voltage of the DC pole other than the DC pole identified with the DC pole increases due to the DC fault and exceeds a maximum voltage pre-defined for the DC pole. Thus, controlling the voltage of the DC pole protects said DC pole from the determined DC fault of the other DC pole.
  • Figs. 5A and 5B illustrate DC fault management in an electrical power system 100.
  • the electrical system 100 comprises a MMC 80 arranged in a symmetrical monopole configuration between the AC power source 15 and the transmission line 85.
  • the MMC 80 is connected to the AC power source 15 via suitable components such as a transformer 12, resistor 16, or the like.
  • the MMC 80 is connected to the transmission line 85 via the DC poles 25 and 30 of the MMC 80.
  • the transmission line 85 comprises DC cables 25a and 30a suitable for transmission of the electrical power/DC power through positive and negative polarities.
  • the MMC 80 referred herein may be a series modular multilevel converter configured for voltage conversions.
  • the MMC 80 depicted in Figs. 5A and 5B comprises legs 70 for three AC phases 15a, 15b, and 15c.
  • the legs 70 are connected in series between the DC poles 25 and 30 (+Udc and -Udc) of the MMC 80.
  • the legs 70 may be connected in series between the DC poles 25 and 30 via resistors 42 and 44.
  • the DC poles 25 and 30 may be associated with capacitors 46 and 48.
  • the leg 70 for each phase comprises the first branch 65 having the upper arm 62 and the lower arm 64 connected in series.
  • Each of the upper arm 62 and the lower arm 64 comprises submodules configured to contribute to a waveform of an output voltage of the MMC 80.
  • the submodules may comprise full-bridge submodules/full-bridge inverter, as depicted in Figs. 5A and 5B .
  • the full-bridge submodules include four switching elements with a cell capacitor.
  • the submodules may comprise half-bridge submodules/half-bridge inverter.
  • the half-bridge submodules may include two switching elements with a cell capacitor. Examples of the switching elements referred herein may include, but are not limited to, an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT, Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristor, IGCT, and so on.
  • the leg 70 further comprises the second branch 55 arranged to be connected to the first branch 65 in parallel.
  • the second branch 55 comprises the first director valve 52 and the second director valve 54.
  • Each of the first director valve 52 and the second director valve 54 comprises a series connected antiparallel thyristor pair (52a, 52b)/(54a, 54b).
  • the electrical power system 100 comprises a controller 95 connected to each leg 70 of the MMC 80.
  • the controller 95 is configured to manage DC fault in the electrical power system 100.
  • the controller 95 measures the DC pole voltages relative a common ground (i.e., output voltages of the DC poles 25 and 30 relative the common ground). Based on the measured DC pole voltages, the controller 95 determines a DC fault 21 identifying a DC pole to ground fault of one of the DC poles 25 and 30. For example, as depicted in Figs. 5A and 5B , the controller 95 determines the DC fault 21 of a DC pole 25 (i.e., the DC pole 25 is a unhealthy DC pole herein). The DC fault 21 of the DC pole 25 increases voltage of other DC pole 30, said voltage may exceed a maximum voltage pre-defined for the DC pole 30. Thereby, damaging healthy DC pole 30.
  • the command sequence may indicate a voltage limit up to which the gate voltage of each of the thyristors (52a, 52b, 54a, and 54b) of each of the director valves 52 and 54 has to be controlled.
  • the voltage limit may be determined based on a withstanding voltage of the thyristors.
  • the proposed firing method herein for the thyristors is very fast to execute as similar to protective firing of the thyristors.
  • the DC poles 25 and 30 may be short-circuited, which results in less voltage throughout the length of the DC cables 25a and 30a and there may not be any source for a travelling wave, which may cause huge impact on overvoltage in a middle of the DC cables 25a and 30a.
  • the short-circuit of the DC poles 25 and 30 further controls/reduces the increasing voltage of the DC pole 30 due to the DC fault 21 of the DC pole 25.
  • the healthy DC pole 30 may be protected from damages to be caused by the increased voltage with respect to ground.
  • bypassing of the DC poles 25 and 30 through the second branch 55 of the director valves 52 and 54 may be activated after the MMC 80 is blocked. Thus, resulting in more effective bypassing scheme.
  • the DC fault 21 of the DC pole 25 is considered.
  • the DC fault 21 may occur in the other DC pole 30 as well.
  • the controller 95 may perform the above-described operations to protect the DC pole 25 from the DC fault 21 of the DC pole 30.
  • FIG. 6 discloses an exemplary implementation of the controller in programmable signal processing hardware.
  • a signal processing apparatus 400 depicted in Fig. 6 comprises an input/output, I/O, section 410 for receiving voltage parameters of the DC poles of the MMC and transmitting a command sequence for controlling the director valves of the second branch for each leg in the MMC.
  • the signal processing apparatus 400 further comprises a processor 420, a working memory 430, and an instruction store 440 storing computer readable instructions which, when executed by the processor 420, cause the processor 420 to perform processing operations hereinafter described to protecting the MMC for DC fault protection in the symmetrical monopole configuration.
  • the instruction store 440 may comprise a Read Only Memory, ROM, or similar type of memory, and the computer readable instructions can be input thereto from a computer program product, such as a computer-readable storage medium 450 such as Compact Disk, CD-ROM, etc, or a computer-readable signal 460 carrying the computer-readable instructions.
  • a computer program product such as a computer-readable storage medium 450 such as Compact Disk, CD-ROM, etc, or a computer-readable signal 460 carrying the computer-readable instructions.
  • the combination of 470 of the hardware components depicted in Fig. 6 comprising the processor 420, the working memory 430, and the instruction store 440, is configured to implement the functionality of the aforementioned measuring module 90, determination module 91, and protection module 92, which will now be described in detail with reference to Fig. 7 .
  • Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating method steps of a protection method 700 performed by the controller to protect the MMC for the DC fault protection in the symmetrical monopole configuration.
  • the MMC is already described in detail in conjunction with Figs. 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5a-5b , thus, repeated description of the MMC is omitted herein.
  • the measuring module 90 measures DC pole voltages relative a common ground.
  • the measuring module 90 may receive voltage parameters from the voltage measuring device connected to the DC poles and measure the DC pole voltages relative the common ground based on the received voltage parameters.
  • the determination module 91 determines the DC fault identifying a DC pole to ground fault of one of the DC poles based on the measured DC pole voltages. In some embodiments, the determination module 91 may determine whether the measured DC pole voltage relative the common ground exceeds a pre-defined threshold voltage. When it has been determined that the measured one of the DC pole voltages relative the common ground exceeds the pre-defined threshold voltage, the determination module may determine the DC fault of the corresponding DC pole.
  • the protection module 92 controls the director valves of the second branch for each leg to bypass the DC poles through the second branch of the director valves for protecting a DC pole other than the DC pole identified with the DC fault.
  • the voltage of the DC pole other than the DC pole identified with the DC fault increases due to the DC fault and exceeds a maximum voltage pre-defined for the DC pole.
  • bypassing of the DC poles by controlling the director valves may reduce such an overvoltage of the DC pole due to the DC fault of the other DC pole.
  • the protection module 92 may determine a time interval and transmit a command sequence for controlling of the director valves of the second branch for each leg to the determined time interval.
  • any appropriate steps, methods, features, functions, or benefits disclosed herein may be performed through one or more functional units or modules of one or more virtual apparatuses.
  • Each virtual apparatus may comprise a number of these functional units.
  • These functional units may be implemented via processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include digital signal processors, DSPs, special-purpose digital logic, and the like.
  • the processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory, RAM, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc.
  • Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein.
  • the processing circuitry may be used to cause the respective functional unit to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
EP23198367.7A 2023-09-19 2023-09-19 Gestion de défaut de courant continu dans un système d'alimentation électrique Pending EP4529009A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23198367.7A EP4529009A1 (fr) 2023-09-19 2023-09-19 Gestion de défaut de courant continu dans un système d'alimentation électrique
US18/885,218 US20250096557A1 (en) 2023-09-19 2024-09-13 Dc fault management in electrical power system
CN202411309063.5A CN119674878A (zh) 2023-09-19 2024-09-19 电力系统中的dc故障管理

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23198367.7A EP4529009A1 (fr) 2023-09-19 2023-09-19 Gestion de défaut de courant continu dans un système d'alimentation électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4529009A1 true EP4529009A1 (fr) 2025-03-26

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US (1) US20250096557A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4529009A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN119674878A (fr)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200161987A1 (en) * 2017-07-05 2020-05-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Multilevel power converter

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200161987A1 (en) * 2017-07-05 2020-05-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Multilevel power converter

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Publication number Publication date
CN119674878A (zh) 2025-03-21
US20250096557A1 (en) 2025-03-20

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