EP4520877A1 - Ensemble d'usure pour une machine de déplacement de terre et machine correspondante - Google Patents
Ensemble d'usure pour une machine de déplacement de terre et machine correspondante Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4520877A1 EP4520877A1 EP23382916.7A EP23382916A EP4520877A1 EP 4520877 A1 EP4520877 A1 EP 4520877A1 EP 23382916 A EP23382916 A EP 23382916A EP 4520877 A1 EP4520877 A1 EP 4520877A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic
- sensor
- magnetic field
- wear
- control means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/267—Diagnosing or detecting failure of vehicles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2808—Teeth
- E02F9/2816—Mountings therefor
- E02F9/2825—Mountings therefor using adapters
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2883—Wear elements for buckets or implements in general
Definitions
- the invention is comprised in the field of earth-moving machines, particularly for excavators, loaders, dredging machines, or the like.
- the invention relates to a wear assembly of an earth-moving machine comprising assembling parts that can be assembled together, which comprise at least a support and a wear element; such that they can have at least an assembled position in which said assembling parts are assembled together and a separated position in which said assembling parts are separated from one another;
- the invention also relates to an earth-moving machine comprising at least one wear assembly according to the invention.
- Wear elements and their supports are parts usually made of strong materials, usually cast material, given that they are exposed to working conditions that normally involve high pressures and extreme temperatures.
- a common example of a wear element is an excavator tooth, with the support thereof being commonly known as a tooth adapter; however, there are numerous types of earth-moving machines, such as loaders, excavators, dredging machines, bulldozers, etc.
- there are different wear elements and supports such as teeth, intermediate adapters, front guards, side guards, cast lips and buckets, among others.
- Some of the proposed solutions involve the use of magnetic elements, for example, a magnet arranged in the wear element which generates a magnetic field.
- a corresponding magnetic sensor which detects the presence or absence of said magnetic field is positioned in the support.
- the magnet is placed in one part and the detector in another; if the detector detects the presence of the magnetic field, it is determined that the parts are together, whereas if no magnetic field is detected or the detection is below a threshold, it is deduced that the part where the magnet is located has been separated.
- the assembling interface reference coordinates uses a convention wherein the word “vertical” corresponds to a direction perpendicular to said interface, and the word “horizontal” corresponds to a direction parallel to said interface.
- the wear element and the support each have an assembling portion with an external assembling surface, both assembling portions being complementary to one another, such that, in the assembled position, the respective external assembling surfaces of the wear element and of the support are facing one another, thereby defining said assembling interface.
- the purpose of the invention is to provide a wear assembly of the type indicated above, which allows solving the problems described above.
- both the magnetic source and the magnetic sensor are located in the same part from among said assembling parts, for example, either in the support or the wear element. Therefore, the presence sensor is placed in a first part (for example, the support or the wear element) and the second part (for example, the wear element or the support) is the part to be detected, and alterations in the structure thereof are not required. This allows avoiding modifications in the second part and simplifies both stock management and the need to create specific parts to accommodate each component separately.
- the assembling parts comprise at least a support and a wear element, as will be indicated below, further parts may also be present. In the context of the invention, it is sufficient that the selected first and second parts have an interface between them in the assembled position, and that the first part has enough space for accommodating the components that allow detection.
- the field generated by the magnetic source may be a combination of magnetic fields generated by each of said magnetic field-generating elements in case that there are more than one of said elements.
- the second part interferes with said magnetic field, thereby altering the characteristics of the magnetic flux that can be detected by the magnetic sensor. If said alteration involves a measurable variation of the magnetic field measured by the magnetic sensor, it is possible to determine whether or not the second part is present. This technical effect enables the determination of the presence or absence of the second part with a single presence sensor and without having to arrange any magnetic source in said second part.
- the second part must have a portion made of a ferromagnetic material, at least in an area which is facing the opening of the first part in the assembled position, such that said ferromagnetic material interferes with the magnetic field generated by the magnetic source.
- this requirement can be easily fulfilled given that the parts are usually made of cast iron.
- control means, and the communication means may or may not be integrated monolithically together with the presence sensor or they may be located in different places.
- the communication means may be wired or wireless communication means.
- the elements arranged inside the opening may be protected, for example, by means of a filler material or encapsulated inside a protective capsule.
- the elements may be held inside the opening by friction, for example, in the case of using a protective capsule, by means of the filler material itself, by means of adhesives, or by welding.
- the wear assembly may further comprise other technical elements, for example, pressure, temperature, and movement sensors, accelerometers, strain gauges, or other types of components which allow additional functionalities. These elements may be incorporated in the same opening as the presence sensor, even integrated in the presence sensor and/or inside a protective capsule, or in other locations which are suitable for their operation.
- the control means may be further configured to send, through the communication means, additional information of the wear assembly, for example, information from the aforementioned technical elements such as additional sensors.
- the wear assembly may comprise further wear elements and/or supports. It is also common for one and the same part to be, at the same time, a wear element (for example, couplable to a support base), and also a support for a further wear element.
- a wear element for example, couplable to a support base
- a support for a further wear element is also common.
- An example of this configuration is a cast-lip that acts as a support for a tooth adapter, which is subject to wear, and the presence of which is to be controlled, and said tooth adapter in turn acts as a support for a tooth the presence of which is also to be controlled.
- a presence sensor would thus be provided in each assembling interface of the elements to be controlled.
- said second part is the wear element.
- the frequency for the consumption of the wear elements is between 6 and 10 times greater than the consumption of the supports. Therefore, in the embodiments in which the sensor is located in the support to detect the wear element, said wear elements do not need modifications or additional elements for their detection, reducing magnet consumption in the same proportion of between 6 to 10 times lower. This factor does not only provide significant benefits in terms of reduced magnet consumption, but also allows wear element assembly and production costs to be reduced. These embodiments also provide benefits in terms of ease of recycling and carbon footprint impact reduction. Once the wear element is worn, it is not necessary to perform any additional process to remove and recycle the magnet, and all the components to be recycled are integrated in a single sensor element that is readily removed and recycled.
- said assembling parts further comprise a lock, more preferably a pin, configured to lock at least said support and said wear element in said assembled position.
- the wear assembly may further contain other additional locks which are also part of said assembling parts.
- the first part and the second part for example, in the case where the assembling parts comprise a support, a wear element, and a lock, the first part may be any one of them, and the second part may be another different one, by way of example:
- said communication means comprise wired communication means and/or wireless communication means.
- Different wireless communication means known in the art, for example, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth ® , or other communication protocols which allow sending data wirelessly, may be envisaged.
- the communication means is a combination of wireless and wired means, for example, by way of a safety system in case one of the systems fails.
- Wireless means are particularly advantageous in the case where the presence sensor is located in the wear element or in the lock given that, in this case, it would be difficult to establish a wired communication with the outside.
- said at least one communication signal comprises a loss signal when a change from presence to absence of said second part is determined and/or an assembling signal when a change from absence to presence of said second part is determined.
- said control means is configured to determine said presence or absence of said second part periodically and to send a corresponding periodic presence or absence signal, so that said at least one communication signal comprises said periodic signal.
- This embodiment also allows said periodic signal to be interpreted as an indication that the presence sensor continues to be active.
- said first part is said support, so that it is facing said second part in said assembled position, and configured to determine the presence or absence of said second part, for example, the wear element or the lock.
- This option is particularly advantageous given that it facilitates the use of wireless communication means.
- the support usually has a structure which facilitates the placement of the opening and is generally less exposed to the extreme temperatures and pressures experienced by other parts such as the wear elements.
- the same presence sensor may be reused for several wear elements or locks once they wear out and are replaced.
- the particularly advantageous positions are those that are less affected by working material compaction and/or less exposed to stress buildup, such that the part is weakened, to a lesser extent, by the presence of the opening.
- a position which complies with the preceding features is on the lateral sides of said support.
- said first part is said wear element, so that it is facing said second part in said assembled position, and configured to determine the presence or absence of said second part, for example, the support or the lock.
- This option is advantageous to avoid modifications in the support, so that the supplier of the parts can provide complete wear elements which incorporate the electronic elements such as the presence sensor, the control means, and the communication means.
- the use of wireless communication means is preferred.
- An embodiment with similar technical effects is the one in which the first part is the lock and the second part is the wear element or the support.
- said magnetic sensor has a direction of maximum sensitivity to the magnetic field and said magnetic sensor is arranged so that said direction of maximum sensitivity is oriented toward said assembling interface in said assembled position.
- detection is maximized in the case where the magnetic field lines altered by the presence of the second part are perpendicular to the assembling interface. It has been observed in simulation tests that, in fact, this is often the case for different positions of the magnetic source.
- said magnetic sensor is a Hall effect sensor, so that it has a reduced energy consumption.
- said sensor is an analog sensor, which allows taking measurements with an approximately linear response in the working range and facilitates an eventual pre-calibration.
- said sensor is a digital sensor, so it has an even more reduced consumption, in this case, it is convenient to select a digital Hall sensor in which the hysteresis loop is adjusted to the values of the possible variation in magnetic field between the assembled position and the separated position.
- another type of magnetic sensors known in the art may also be used, by way of non-exclusive examples, inductors and reed sensors.
- each of said magnetic field-generating elements of said magnetic source comprises at least one of:
- electromagnets involve greater electric consumption than in the case of magnets, however, they provide a probably greater magnetic field.
- a preferred embodiment if electromagnets are used is that the magnetic field is not generated continuously but rather in short-duration pulses. For this option, the electromagnet is activated, measurement is taken by the magnetic sensor, and the electromagnet is deactivated again, thus electric consumption can be minimized. Similar functionality can also be obtained by means of using coils.
- each of said one or more magnetic field-generating elements of said magnetic source is arranged so that, in said assembled position, one of the magnetic poles thereof is directed toward said assembling interface. It has been observed by means of numerical simulations and subsequent experimentation that this option maximizes magnetic field variation effect, particularly if the surface of the second part facing said interface is positioned perpendicular to the direction of the poles. In this case, by assembling the first part and the second part, a vertical magnetic field concentration effect is maximized due to the influence of the second part. This concentration causes the magnetic flux to increase in the direction of the pole of each magnetic field-generating element and to decrease horizontally when the first part and the second part are assembled together.
- all of said one or more magnetic field-generating elements are arranged with their poles oriented in the same direction in order to maximize the effect described above and prevent possible cancelations of magnetic field in some regions.
- said presence sensor is arranged in said opening and is free of the presence of ferromagnetic material between said presence sensor and said assembling interface in said assembled position.
- this absence of ferromagnetic material generally means that the magnetic source and magnetic sensor are not arranged under a metal cover or the like which may alter the field lines toward said assembling interface.
- said magnetic sensor is provided in a position in which the difference in magnetic flux of said magnetic field generated by said magnetic source between said assembled position and said separated position is greater than any of the differences caused at least by:
- said magnetic sensor is horizontally spaced away from each of said magnetic field-generating elements.
- the sensor is exposed to a variation in the magnetic field between the assembled position and the separated position and vice versa.
- the sensor is necessary for the sensor not to be too horizontally spaced away from the magnetic source, or too close to same so as to saturate it, such that the range of detection of the magnetic sensor is also maximized.
- the specific horizontal separation point will therefore depend on the characteristics of the magnetic sensor, the magnetic source, and the position and characteristics of the second part, however, one skilled in the art will have no problem in determining the ideal position for determining said position based on the operating considerations described above.
- said variation in said magnetic field measurements comprises an increase in the magnetic field measurement between said assembled position and said separated position.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous when the magnetic sensor is arranged with its direction of maximum sensitivity toward the assembling interface in the assembled position and/or, when the magnetic field-generating element or elements are arranged with the poles thereof oriented toward said assembling interface.
- said magnetic sensor is arranged vertically above said magnetic source.
- the concentration of the magnetic field lines described above also means a variation in the measurements between the assembled position and the separated position, in this case, a decrease.
- the magnetic sensor must be located close enough to the magnetic source to enable detecting said variation, but far enough away so as not to saturate same.
- This embodiment is also advantageous when the magnetic sensor is arranged with its direction of maximum sensitivity toward the assembling interface in the assembled position, and/or when the magnetic field generating element or elements are arranged with their poles oriented toward said assembling interface.
- control means is further configured to store previously obtained calibration parameters, comprising one of:
- At least one of said calibration parameters is previously stored in said control means, for example, by means of calibration at the time of product manufacture or assembly.
- the second reference value or both may be pre-calibrated, the reference value may also be pre-calibrated but not the differential value.
- the pre-calibrated value stored in the control means corresponds at least to the value in the separated position, although the case where it corresponds to the assembled position may also be envisaged.
- said control means is further configured to take at least one measurement of said magnetic field in one among said assembled position and said separated position, thereby determining at least one of said configuration parameters, such that they may be a combination of factory or in situ calibration, by way of non-exclusive examples, the parameter corresponding to the measurement in the assembled position or the differential value.
- said wear assembly further comprises a magnetic activator, comprising an additional magnetic sensor, preferably a Hall sensor, configured to detect the presence of an additional magnetic field; said magnetic activator being configured to cause the transition of said presence sensor, and preferably, said control means, from a standby state to an operating state when said additional magnetic sensor detects the presence of said external magnetic field.
- a magnetic activator comprising an additional magnetic sensor, preferably a Hall sensor, configured to detect the presence of an additional magnetic field; said magnetic activator being configured to cause the transition of said presence sensor, and preferably, said control means, from a standby state to an operating state when said additional magnetic sensor detects the presence of said external magnetic field.
- a magnetic activator comprising an additional magnetic sensor, preferably a Hall sensor, configured to detect the presence of an additional magnetic field
- said control means being configured to cause the transition of said presence sensor, and preferably, said control means, from a standby state to an operating state when said additional magnetic sensor detects the presence of said external magnetic field.
- the presence sensor, and preferably the control means have an electric consumption that is lower than in the operating state.
- This option may be achieved, by way of example, if during the standby state, the presence sensor, and preferably also the control means, are configured to be activated periodically with a first period, and during the standby state, they are configured to be activated periodically with a second period shorter than the first period.
- This configuration allows the electronic elements of the wear assembly to have a low or even zero consumption, until the additional magnetic sensor detects the presence of an additional magnetic field, originating from a source different from the magnetic source of the presence sensor, for example, by means of a magnet brought closer to the wear assembly by an operator. At the moment of detecting the presence of the additional magnetic field, the electronic components transition to the normal operating state, even when said additional magnetic field disappears. This allows minimizing the electric consumption of the components of the wear assembly, particularly while they are in storage or still not in use, prolonging the service life thereof while they are in storage or still not in use.
- said additional magnetic field is generated by one of:
- said magnetic source, said magnetic sensor of said presence sensor, and where applicable, said additional magnetic sensor of said magnetic activator are all arranged inside a protective capsule inserted into said opening, which facilitates the assembly thereof and allows protecting the components from the working conditions.
- control means is arranged inside said capsule, thereby forming a monolithic encapsulated assembly.
- Options in which the control means is outside said capsule may also be envisaged.
- said presence sensor and more preferably also said control means, are electrically powered by means of at least one of:
- control means is not arranged in said opening.
- This configuration has various advantages, for example, it minimizes the size of the opening that does not need to contain the control means.
- control means is located spaced away from the assembling interface, which allows them to be less affected by the extreme working conditions to which the wear assembly is subjected.
- the control means is connected to said presence sensor to receive said magnetic field measurements from said presence sensor by an additional communication means, preferably by means of a wired connection.
- said wired connection of said additional communication means is further configured to electrically power said presence sensor, which allows reducing the number of cables required.
- the invention also relates to an earth-moving machine comprising at least one wear assembly according to any one of the preferred embodiments described above.
- a group of wear assemblies shares one and the same control means.
- all the wear assemblies of the excavator bucket may share one and the same control module which acts by way of control means.
- each presence sensor of the group of wear assemblies is connected to said control module to send respective magnetic field measurements to the wear assembly to which the presence sensor corresponds. This option minimizes the total number of elements of the machine and is particularly suitable in the case in which there is a wired connection between the presence sensors and the control module.
- the wear assembly 1 further comprises a magnetic activator and has an additional magnetic sensor 10.
- Said magnetic activator is not exclusive of this second embodiment and may also be used in combination with the rest of the embodiments described herein, particularly embodiments in which the presence sensor 7 is powered by one or more batteries.
- the additional magnetic sensor 10 is a Hall sensor which is configured to detect the presence of an additional magnetic field which, in the case of this embodiment, is a portable magnet that an operator may take closer to the wear assembly 1.
- Other configurations may be envisaged, for example, a magnet arranged inside the opening 6, such that the magnetic activator acts when the capsule 11 is introduced in the opening 6.
- the magnetic activator is also arranged inside the capsule 11.
- the magnetic activator is configured to cause the transition of the presence sensor 7 and the control means 8, from a standby state to an operating state, when said additional magnetic sensor 10 detects the presence of the external magnetic field.
- the power consumption of the presence sensor 7 and of the control means 8, is lower in the standby state than in the operating state.
- Figure 12 shows the detail of a third embodiment in which the presence sensor 7 is electrically powered by means of power supply wires 13 which further act as additional communication means 14 connecting the presence sensor 7, particularly the magnetic sensor 72, with the control means 8.
- the control means 8 (not shown in the figure) is not arranged in said opening 6, but rather are provided in an area which is located spaced away from the assembling interface 5 in the assembled position.
- the control means 8 is electrically powered by means of wires.
- Figure 17 shows a fourth embodiment of the wear assembly 1 of the invention in which, in addition to the support 3 and the wear element 4, the assembling parts also comprise a lock 15, in this case a pin made of a ferromagnetic material, which is configured to lock the support 3 and the wear element 4 in the assembled position.
- the first part is the support 3, and the second part is the lock 15, so the presence sensor 7 is located in an opening 6 arranged in the support 3, particularly in an inner wall of the through opening in which the pin 15 is housed.
- Figure 18 shows a lock 15 of a fifth embodiment, derived from the fourth embodiment described above.
- the first part in which the presence sensor 7 is housed is the lock 15, whereas the second part is the wear element 4.
- the second part is the support 3.
- Figure 19 shows a wear element 4 of a sixth embodiment, derived from the fourth embodiment described above.
- the first part in which the presence sensor 7 is housed is the wear element 4, whereas the second part is the support 3.
- the second part is the lock 15.
- Figure 19 shows how the presence sensor 7 is provided in the lower portion of the wear element 4, in the wall that abuts with the support 3 in the assembled position.
- the presence sensor 7 is provided in other locations, by way of non-exclusive examples, on one side, in the upper portion, or even in the inner wall formed when fitting the wear element 4 and the support 3.
- the wear sensor 7 is arranged in the hole envisaged for the lock 15, in this case, the second part would be said lock 15.
- Figure 20 shows different alternatives for other embodiments of the wear assemblies 1 in which the support 3 is a cast lip having presence sensors 7 for detecting several wear elements 4, particularly for tooth adapter, wearcaps, shrouds, wing shrouds, or other intermediate elements.
- each of the magnetic field-generating elements 710 of the magnetic source 71 is at least one inductor, in particular an electromagnet.
- the control means 8 is further configured to store calibration parameters that have been obtained previously.
- Said calibration parameters comprise a first reference value for the assembled position, and a second reference value for said separated position.
- the calibration parameters comprise a reference value for either the assembled position or for the separated position, as well as a differential value with respect to said reference value.
- the control means 8 is further configured to determine the presence or absence of the second part based on a comparison of the variation in the magnetic field measurements with respect to the calibration parameters.
- the calibration parameters may be previously stored in the control means 8, may be measured with the wear assembly 1 in the earth-moving machine 2 in the assembled position and/or separated position, or a combination of both.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23382916.7A EP4520877A1 (fr) | 2023-09-07 | 2023-09-07 | Ensemble d'usure pour une machine de déplacement de terre et machine correspondante |
| PCT/EP2024/074999 WO2025051960A1 (fr) | 2023-09-07 | 2024-09-06 | Ensemble d'usure d'un engin de terrassement et engin correspondant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23382916.7A EP4520877A1 (fr) | 2023-09-07 | 2023-09-07 | Ensemble d'usure pour une machine de déplacement de terre et machine correspondante |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4520877A1 true EP4520877A1 (fr) | 2025-03-12 |
Family
ID=88647722
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23382916.7A Pending EP4520877A1 (fr) | 2023-09-07 | 2023-09-07 | Ensemble d'usure pour une machine de déplacement de terre et machine correspondante |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4520877A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2025051960A1 (fr) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030112153A1 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2003-06-19 | Lujan Kraig M. | Electronic method and apparatus for detecting and reporting dislocation of heavy mining equipment |
| US20170356760A1 (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2017-12-14 | Allegro Microsystems, Llc | Arrangements for magnetic field sensors to cancel offset variations |
| WO2022171910A1 (fr) * | 2021-02-12 | 2022-08-18 | Metalogenia Research & Technologies S.L. | Ensemble d'usure pour une machine de déplacement de terre et machine correspondante |
-
2023
- 2023-09-07 EP EP23382916.7A patent/EP4520877A1/fr active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-09-06 WO PCT/EP2024/074999 patent/WO2025051960A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030112153A1 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2003-06-19 | Lujan Kraig M. | Electronic method and apparatus for detecting and reporting dislocation of heavy mining equipment |
| US20170356760A1 (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2017-12-14 | Allegro Microsystems, Llc | Arrangements for magnetic field sensors to cancel offset variations |
| WO2022171910A1 (fr) * | 2021-02-12 | 2022-08-18 | Metalogenia Research & Technologies S.L. | Ensemble d'usure pour une machine de déplacement de terre et machine correspondante |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2025051960A1 (fr) | 2025-03-13 |
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