[go: up one dir, main page]

EP4512873A1 - Dispositif de laboratoire pour la production de biochar à partir de déchets végétaux - Google Patents

Dispositif de laboratoire pour la production de biochar à partir de déchets végétaux Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP4512873A1
EP4512873A1 EP23020420.8A EP23020420A EP4512873A1 EP 4512873 A1 EP4512873 A1 EP 4512873A1 EP 23020420 A EP23020420 A EP 23020420A EP 4512873 A1 EP4512873 A1 EP 4512873A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
biochar
equipment
production
casing
vegetable remains
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23020420.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nicolae-Valentin Vladut
Iulian Florin Voicea
Mihai Olan
Laurentiu Constantin Vladutoiu
Mihaela Nitu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institutul National De Cercetare Dezvoltare Pentru Masini Si Instalatii Destinate Agriculturii Si Industriei Alimentare Inma
Original Assignee
Institutul National De Cercetare Dezvoltare Pentru Masini Si Instalatii Destinate Agriculturii Si Industriei Alimentare Inma
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institutul National De Cercetare Dezvoltare Pentru Masini Si Instalatii Destinate Agriculturii Si Industriei Alimentare Inma filed Critical Institutul National De Cercetare Dezvoltare Pentru Masini Si Instalatii Destinate Agriculturii Si Industriei Alimentare Inma
Publication of EP4512873A1 publication Critical patent/EP4512873A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B1/00Retorts
    • C10B1/02Stationary retorts
    • C10B1/04Vertical retorts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material

Definitions

  • the invention presents equipment for laboratory that will produce biochar and synthesis gas from vegetable remains, the equipment being fitted with temperature and pressure control sensors that provide the information for a programmable controller that ensures the operation of the system.
  • patent US 2013264831A1 which relates to a gasifier with controlled biochar removal mechanism including a biochar and electric power generator that receives material and outputs variable amounts of electrical energy and chat, including a pyrolysis module, a reaction module and a char removal mechanism arranged between the pyrolysis module and the reaction module, an engine module including an engine and an alternator, configured to convert the gaseous fuel produced by the reaction module into electric power and to provide waste heat to the pyrolysis module and a flare configured to burn tar gas and provide waste heat to the pyrolysis module.
  • the feeding system is complex and consists of three augers for transporting raw material, it has a low degree of sealing and the biochar production process does not occur in an environment with low input or in the absence of oxygen; unloading the biochar from the retort into a container is done by means of an auger conveyor and it is necessary that the equipment is not used for a period of time until the biochar has completely cooled.
  • Patent US 2014250784A1 is also known, which relates to a type of updraft gasifier that uses the heat from the gas rising from the combustion process to reduce, pyrolyze and dry the material for biochar production.
  • the disadvantages of this system are the following: low degree of sealing against the atmosphere during the pyrolysis process; unloading the biochar from the retort into a container is done using a tray and the biochar comes into contact with the atmosphere during the cooling process.
  • Patent CN 102936505A (B) is also known, which relates to biochar charring furnace for a laboratory with a technical solution that includes a feeding tank, a heating steel pipe, a resistance wire, a temperature sensor, a casing and a cover and is characterized in that the feeding tank is a hollow steel barrel structure with an open upper end and a closed bottom and the heating steel pipe has an open upper end and a closed lower end.
  • the heating layer is a winding heating resistance wire with insulating porcelain beads.
  • Patent US 2021222071A1 is also known, which relates to a pyrolysis system and enhanced pyrolysis gas production where dry biosolids were pyrolyzed with the introduction of biochar as a downstream catalyst.
  • the hot pyrolysis vapours exited the main pyrolysis reactor, passed through the hot catalyst, and were then separated by condensation.
  • the biochar was obtained in the main reactor and the bio-oil was collected in the condensers.
  • Patent US 20080014132A1 is also known, which relates to a biomass gasifier.
  • the invention presents a wall structure defining a gasification chamber that has a biomass inlet at an upper end thereof and a char outlet at a lower end, a generally U-shaped char tube which has two vertical limbs, the first limb is positioned to receive char from the gasification chamber and the second limb terminates upwardly at a level above the char outlet of the gasification chamber and is connected to a blower, for inducing a flow of gas through the gasification chamber.
  • the disadvantage of the equipment is that the system for unloading the biochar from the auger retort - which forces the material up into a two-limb "U" shaped container - involves blocking it during operation and therefore stopping the work process and manual unclogging of the equipment.
  • Patent CN 215103026U is also known, which relates to a small mobile carbonization furnace for the production of biochar and fuel gas.
  • the small carbonization furnace used to produce biochar and fuel gas comprises the furnace shell, a partition plate, a combustion chamber, a carbonization chamber, a waste gas treatment mechanism, a sealing mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, and a traction mechanism.
  • the partition plate is fixedly installed in the furnace shell, the combustion chamber and the carbonization chamber are divided by the partition plate, the waste gas treatment mechanism comprises a waste gas treatment device, a first pipe, a cooler and a second pipe, the waste gas treatment device is arranged on one side of the furnace body, the first pipe is fixedly installed at the top of the furnace body, and the cooler is fixedly installed at the bottom of the furnace body.
  • the system presents the use of synthesis gas for heating the retort in which the material for the production of biochar is burned, but this synthesis gas is mixed with steam and smoke resulting from the technological process and therefore the combustion efficiency is very low; an additional amount of time is required to cool down the equipment and then unload the biochar.
  • Patent CN 218002214U is also known, which relates to a biochar carbonisation furnace under laboratory conditions.
  • this carbonisation furnace has no cooling structure and depends only on free cooling in the atmosphere, which takes a long time and will lead to waste of heat. After carbonization is completed, due to the biochar in the furnace, the temperature is still high when it is directly opened, and it is easy to cause combustion when it comes into contact with oxygen, so it is necessary to cool the biochar.
  • Patent US 6790317 is also known, which relates to a carbonization process to produce biochar from sawdust or wood waste and which uses a small amount of material as tinder or fuel to ignite the material in the retort.
  • the disadvantages of this invention consist of the following: the long duration of time for the complete combustion of the raw material and then the unloading of the biochar; heavy working system involving physical effort when unloading; there isn't an active control of the working parameters during the technological process.
  • the technical problem that the invention solves consists in the design of laboratory equipment that allows the establishment of optimal values for the production of biochar from various vegetable remains recipes, equipment fitted with command and control elements that use a programmable controller for the automatic control of the system.
  • the equipment for biochar production from vegetable remains eliminates the disadvantages of the known solutions in that it consists of a mobile support provided with some swivel wheels for movement, the mobile support has two side walls on which are mounted two bearing housings that support an octagonal casing with the elements of actuation and control of important parameters for the production of biochar from vegetable remains.
  • the octagonal casing is made of two octagonal tubs of stainless steel material class 316 (1.4401) which is the most suitable for polluted, industrial environments due to the fact that it has a higher corrosion resistance.
  • the two octagonal enclosures are mounted concentrically and are insulated from each other with a very high temperature resistant ceramic fibre layer to eliminate heat loss from inside the equipment.
  • the octagonal casing has two side bolts mounted in the two bearing housings on the support and will allow the equipment to be rotated from the vertical position to the inclined position at about 135° for unloading the material obtained by pyrolysis, the rotation of the equipment being done using a handwheel.
  • an electrical resistance mounted for igniting the solid fuel.
  • a fan or compressor can be used which sends the necessary air to a hole diffuser mounted near the electrical resistance. The air sent by this fan will hasten the ignition of the material in the vicinity of the electrical resistance.
  • a double-walled, ceramic fibre-insulated metal top cover is mounted on the octagonal casing, the cover rotates by means of a hinge and is held in place by fixing screws. The cover will support a pressure relief valve, a high temperature thermocouple and a pressure sensor. Also in the cover is mounted a metal nipple that will allow coupling to a fan for high temperatures by means of a flexible metal hose. This fan can provide the draft necessary to ignite the entire amount of material, but it can also absorb the smoke together with the vapours produced at the beginning of the pyrolysis process and send them to the atmosphere.
  • the electrical resistance for igniting the fuel is turned off.
  • the material is ignited throughout the mass, which is dried in the first stage, and to continue the technological process, it is necessary to hermetically close the air hole at the bottom of the of the casing and the electromagnetic valve connected with the flexible hose and which is mounted on the octagonal casing cover. Due to combustion in a hermetically insulated space, the oxygen content inside the enclosure drops from 21% to approximately 2%, the pressure in the enclosure will increase to 10 bars and the temperature achieved is 400-500°C, depending on the biomass used and the air intake.
  • the work cycle can be repeated by changing the working parameters: air pressure added to the combustion process and working temperature.
  • a synthesis gas is obtained, which can be transported with the help of the high temperature fan connected to the upper cover of the enclosure. This gas can be cooled and separated from the liquid part and then stored in a gas cylinder, to be burned in a gas burner mounted on other pyrolysis equipment.
  • the raw material is chopped to similar sizes, does not require prior drying and allows moisture of approx. 15-30%.
  • the technological process takes about 40-60 minutes, depending on the moisture of the materials used in the production of biochar.
  • Control of working parameters the pressure and temperature inside the retort can be controlled with the help of an electronic command and control panel, which can be equipped with a programmable controller for automatic control and adjustment of working parameters.
  • FIG. 1-14 An embodiment of the invention is further shown in connection with Figs. 1-14 , which represent:
  • the laboratory equipment for biochar production from vegetable remains, according to the invention, is composed of a mobile support ( 100 ) which consists of a platform ( 101 ) equipped with four self-braking castor wheels ( 102 ) and two side walls ( 103 ) on which two load cells ( 104 ) and two slewing bearings ( 105 ) are mounted on the top plate of the load cells ( 104 ) with hexagon head screws ( 106 ).
  • a casing ( 200 ) is mounted on the mobile support ( 100 ) which has some spindles ( 201a ) and ( 201b ) that penetrate the slewing bearings ( 105 ).
  • the casing ( 200 ) consists of two enclosures ( 202 ) and ( 203 ), of octagonal shape, mounted concentrically and which are insulated from each other with a layer of ceramic fibre ( 204 ).
  • a double-walled, ceramic fibre-sealed cover ( 205 ) is integrally mounted to the bottom of the casing. Two nipples of different sizes ( 206 and 207 ) are mounted in the cover ( 205 ).
  • An electrical resistance ( 208 ) is mounted in the nipple ( 206 ) for the ignition of solid fuel.
  • An air diffuser with holes ( 209 ) is mounted in the nipple ( 207 ) which supplies the air necessary for igniting the combustible material and which is received from the fan ( 210 ).
  • An upper cover ( 300 ) is mounted on the casing ( 200 ) using hinges ( 301 ) and the cover can be tightened with some screws ( 302 ), washers ( 303 ) and nuts ( 304 ).
  • the top cover is made of two walls ( 305 and 306 ) of temperature-resistant stainless steel sheet, these walls are insulated with ceramic fibre ( 307 ).
  • a draft fan ( 308 ) is required to transporting air from the fan ( 308 ) to the cover ( 300 ) is accomplished with a flexible metal hose ( 309 ), a quick coupler ( 310 ) and a nipple ( 311 ).
  • a thermocouple ( 312 ) is used to measure the temperature, which is mounted using a nipple ( 313 ).
  • a pressure sensor ( 314 ) is used which is mounted with a nipple ( 315 ) on the cover ( 300 ).
  • the reduction of the working pressure in the enclosure can be achieved with a vacuum pump ( 316 ) which is connected by means of a flexible metal hose ( 317 ), a solenoid valve ( 318 ), a rotary coupling ( 319 ) to a spindle ( 202a ) which has drilled an inner hole that communicates with the inside of the casing ( 200 ).
  • a pressure relief valve ( 320 ) is mounted on the cover ( 300 ).
  • the fan ( 308 ) can provide transport of the smoke and vapours produced during the combustion of the material.
  • Hermetic closure can be achieved with the solenoid valve ( 311 ) mounted on the upper cover ( 300 ); the solenoid valve ( 318 ) mounted on the rotation spindle ( 201a ) and the solenoid valve ( 211 ) which is mounted on the casing lower cover ( 200 ).
  • synthesis gas is also obtained which can be released with the vacuum pump ( 316 ) and directed with a 3-way distributor to a cyclone separator and a gas cylinder, components that are not shown in the drawings.
  • Syngas can be used as a heating agent in a gas burner for other equipment used for biochar production.
  • the casing ( 200 ) has a discharge mouth ( 213 ) which is provided at the top with a frame ( 213 ) for fixing a container ( 212 ) with some screws, not positioned.
  • the container (212) has a prismatic guide ( 214 ) into which a separator plate ( 215 ) fits.
  • a disk with two conical holes ( 216 ) is mounted together with the spindle ( 201a ) and a counter ( 217 ) is mounted on the wall ( 103 ) of the mobile support ( 100 ) which will position the casing ( 200 ) in position ( A ) , for feeding and biochar production - and in position ( B ), for unloading the biochar after the end of the technological flow.
  • the biochar at high temperature does not come into contact with the atmosphere and the production of ash during the cooling of the biochar is reduced.
  • the equipment For programming the working parameters: temperature, pressure, control of the electrical resistance for material ignition, regulation of the draft fan, the vacuum pump, the equipment is provided with an electronic panel with programmable controller ( 401 ) of PLC type.
  • the measurement, recording and regulation of temperature and pressure is done with a thermostat ( 402 ) which is used for the simultaneous control of the two control-thermocouple devices ( 312 ) and the pressure sensor ( 314 ) and then the recording of the measured parameters is done on the programmable controller ( 401 ).
  • the connection and control of the electromechanical components is done with the electrical panel ( 403 ).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP23020420.8A 2023-08-25 2023-09-05 Dispositif de laboratoire pour la production de biochar à partir de déchets végétaux Pending EP4512873A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ROA202300472A RO138639A1 (ro) 2023-08-25 2023-08-25 Echipament de laborator pentru producţie biochar din resturi vegetale

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4512873A1 true EP4512873A1 (fr) 2025-02-26

Family

ID=88207468

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23020420.8A Pending EP4512873A1 (fr) 2023-08-25 2023-09-05 Dispositif de laboratoire pour la production de biochar à partir de déchets végétaux

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4512873A1 (fr)
RO (1) RO138639A1 (fr)

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB233335A (en) * 1924-05-05 1925-07-16 Raphaeel Malbay Apparatus for the carbonisation and distillation of wood
JP2002060755A (ja) * 2000-08-16 2002-02-26 Abe Ringyo Kaihatsu:Kk 木酢液の製造装置
JP2002146361A (ja) * 2000-11-15 2002-05-22 Tetsuo Murata 炭化装置
US6790317B2 (en) 2001-06-28 2004-09-14 University Of Hawaii Process for flash carbonization of biomass
US20080014132A1 (en) 2006-07-11 2008-01-17 Crorey William G Biomass gasifier
US20100193344A1 (en) 2007-09-26 2010-08-05 Antal Jr Michael J Novel process for ignition of biomass flash carbonization
CN102936505A (zh) 2012-10-31 2013-02-20 沈阳农业大学 实验室用生物炭炭化炉
US20130264831A1 (en) 2010-07-29 2013-10-10 All Power Labs Gasifier with controlled biochar removal mechanism
US20140250784A1 (en) 2009-07-29 2014-09-11 All Power Labs, Inc. System and method for downdraft gasification
US20190275486A1 (en) * 2016-06-30 2019-09-12 Future Energy Investments Pty Ltd Plant and process for pyrolysis of mixed plastic waste
US10851305B2 (en) * 2014-03-12 2020-12-01 Biomass Controls Pbc Combined heat, power, and biochar with ventilator
US20210222071A1 (en) 2016-06-17 2021-07-22 Marquette University Systems for Pyrolysis and Increased Production of Pyrolysis Gas
CN215103026U (zh) 2021-05-13 2021-12-10 河南农业大学 生物炭和可燃气体生产用便于移动的小型炭化炉
CN218002214U (zh) 2022-09-09 2022-12-09 内蒙古农业大学 一种实验室用生物炭炭化炉

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB233335A (en) * 1924-05-05 1925-07-16 Raphaeel Malbay Apparatus for the carbonisation and distillation of wood
JP2002060755A (ja) * 2000-08-16 2002-02-26 Abe Ringyo Kaihatsu:Kk 木酢液の製造装置
JP2002146361A (ja) * 2000-11-15 2002-05-22 Tetsuo Murata 炭化装置
US6790317B2 (en) 2001-06-28 2004-09-14 University Of Hawaii Process for flash carbonization of biomass
US20080014132A1 (en) 2006-07-11 2008-01-17 Crorey William G Biomass gasifier
US20100193344A1 (en) 2007-09-26 2010-08-05 Antal Jr Michael J Novel process for ignition of biomass flash carbonization
US20140250784A1 (en) 2009-07-29 2014-09-11 All Power Labs, Inc. System and method for downdraft gasification
US20130264831A1 (en) 2010-07-29 2013-10-10 All Power Labs Gasifier with controlled biochar removal mechanism
CN102936505A (zh) 2012-10-31 2013-02-20 沈阳农业大学 实验室用生物炭炭化炉
US10851305B2 (en) * 2014-03-12 2020-12-01 Biomass Controls Pbc Combined heat, power, and biochar with ventilator
US20210222071A1 (en) 2016-06-17 2021-07-22 Marquette University Systems for Pyrolysis and Increased Production of Pyrolysis Gas
US20190275486A1 (en) * 2016-06-30 2019-09-12 Future Energy Investments Pty Ltd Plant and process for pyrolysis of mixed plastic waste
CN215103026U (zh) 2021-05-13 2021-12-10 河南农业大学 生物炭和可燃气体生产用便于移动的小型炭化炉
CN218002214U (zh) 2022-09-09 2022-12-09 内蒙古农业大学 一种实验室用生物炭炭化炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RO138639A1 (ro) 2025-02-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4530702A (en) Method for producing fuel gas from organic material, capable of self-sustaining operation
HRP20000087A2 (en) Gasification reactor apparatus
US4738205A (en) Heating stove which includes a pyrolysis gasifier
WO2009106992A2 (fr) Appareil et procédé de séchage continu
CN201215561Y (zh) 固体可燃物气化特性测试装置
CN103439212A (zh) 一种快速变温双炉体热天平
EP4512873A1 (fr) Dispositif de laboratoire pour la production de biochar à partir de déchets végétaux
WO2013011520A1 (fr) Génération de charbon de bois obtenue au moyen d'un procédé de gazéification
CN215262964U (zh) 一种煤炭水分检测装置
CN106629713B (zh) 试验用回转式活化炉
CN106546695A (zh) 干式收尘法测试煤粉燃烧率装置及方法
CN218969072U (zh) 一种回转式污泥干燥设备防爆系统
RU207366U1 (ru) Сушилка для опилок
JP3983383B2 (ja) 有機性廃棄物の分解処理装置
CN211445610U (zh) 一种自动控制运行的炭化炉
RU2717796C1 (ru) Установка для получения древесного угля
CN206755188U (zh) 一种油漆渣无害化处理设备
JP3867259B2 (ja) ゴミ乾燥装置における酸素濃度制御方法
CN219300747U (zh) 一种撬装式热解吸有机废弃物处理装置
RU2784767C1 (ru) Модульная пиролизная установка для получения древесного угля
US4799437A (en) Heating stove which includes a pyrolysis gasifier
CN223484720U (zh) 一种快速均匀烘干耐火材料的设备
CN110724542A (zh) 一种自动控制运行的炭化炉
CN106871107B (zh) 一种高效燃烧装置及其使用方法和应用
CN205046057U (zh) 机制炭粉末烘干及炭化装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20240829

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR