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EP4508295A1 - Entretoise à rigidité mécanique améliorée - Google Patents

Entretoise à rigidité mécanique améliorée

Info

Publication number
EP4508295A1
EP4508295A1 EP23717945.2A EP23717945A EP4508295A1 EP 4508295 A1 EP4508295 A1 EP 4508295A1 EP 23717945 A EP23717945 A EP 23717945A EP 4508295 A1 EP4508295 A1 EP 4508295A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spacer
wall
hollow profile
continuous fibers
polymeric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP23717945.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nikolai BORCHMANN
Walter Schreiber
Christopher MARJAN
Rémi DELEURENCE
Jonas BOUSMAT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of EP4508295A1 publication Critical patent/EP4508295A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B3/66314—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit of tubular shape
    • E06B3/66319—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit of tubular shape of rubber, plastics or similar materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/673—Assembling the units
    • E06B3/67304—Preparing rigid spacer members before assembly
    • E06B3/67308—Making spacer frames, e.g. by bending or assembling straight sections
    • E06B3/67313—Making spacer frames, e.g. by bending or assembling straight sections by bending
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B2003/6638—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit with coatings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spacer for insulating glass units, an insulating glass unit, a method for producing an insulating glass unit and its use.
  • Insulating glazing usually contains at least two panes made of glass or polymeric materials. The panes are separated from each other by a gas or vacuum space defined by a spacer.
  • the thermal insulation capacity of insulating glass is significantly higher than that of single glass and can be further increased and improved in triple glazing or with special coatings. For example, coatings containing silver enable reduced transmission of infrared radiation and thus reduce the cooling of a building in winter.
  • the other components of insulating glazing are also of great importance.
  • the seal and the spacer have a major influence on the quality of the insulating glazing.
  • the contact points between the spacer and the glass pane in particular are very susceptible to temperature and climate fluctuations.
  • the connection between the pane and the spacer is created via an adhesive bond made of organic polymer, for example polyisobutylene.
  • the glass itself has a particular impact on the adhesive connection.
  • the glass and the spacers have different thermal linear expansion coefficients, which means they expand to different extents when the temperature changes. Due to temperature changes, for example due to sunlight, the glass expands or contracts again when it cools down.
  • the spacer does not follow these movements to the same extent.
  • This mechanical movement therefore stretches or compresses the adhesive connection, which can only compensate for these movements to a limited extent through its own elasticity.
  • the mechanical stress described can mean partial or complete detachment of the adhesive bond. This detachment of the adhesive bond can then allow moisture to penetrate inside the insulating glazing.
  • These climatic loads can cause fogging in the area of the windows and a reduction in the insulation effect pull yourself. It is therefore desirable to equalize the linear expansion coefficients of glass and spacers as much as possible.
  • the heat-insulating properties of insulating glazing are significantly influenced by the thermal conductivity in the area of the edge seal, especially the spacer.
  • the high thermal conductivity of the metal causes a thermal bridge to form at the edge of the glass.
  • this thermal bridge leads to heat losses in the edge area of the insulating glazing and, on the other hand, when there is high humidity and low outside temperatures, it leads to the formation of condensation on the inner pane in the area of the spacer.
  • thermally optimized, so-called “warm edge” systems are increasingly being used, in which the spacers are made of materials with lower thermal conductivity, especially plastics.
  • polymer spacers are preferable to metal spacers.
  • polymer spacers have several disadvantages. On the one hand, the tightness of the polymer spacers against moisture and gas loss is not sufficient.
  • a barrier film as a diffusion barrier to the outside of the spacer (see for example WO2013/104507 A1 and WO 2016/046081 A1).
  • the linear expansion coefficients of plastics are much larger than those of glass.
  • glass fibers or glass balls can be added (see for example EP 0852280 A1).
  • an increased glass fiber content worsens the heat-conducting properties of the spacer, so precise optimization must be carried out here.
  • Glass fibers and similar fillers also improve the longitudinal rigidity of the spacer.
  • Spacer frames for an insulating glass unit can be made by connecting several pieces of spacers via connectors and then gluing or welding them together. Each connection point must be carefully sealed. Therefore, producing a spacer frame by bending is advantageous since in this case a connection point only needs to be sealed at one point. In particular, bending without additional heating is easy Machine processing is desirable.
  • One approach to increasing bendability without heating is to integrate a metallic strip into the polymer base body. For example, in DE 19807454 A1 and in WO 2015/043848 A1 the integration of a metallic reinforcing element is described exclusively in the side walls. This improves the cold bendability of the hollow profile, but the longitudinal rigidity is low. This makes processing the hollow profile into a spacer frame more difficult because the hollow profiles bend significantly.
  • WO 9941481 A1 and EP 3241972 A1 disclose the arrangement of reinforcing elements in the area of the side walls and partly also in the area of other walls.
  • the mechanical longitudinal stiffness refers to the deflection in the longitudinal direction
  • An improvement in longitudinal rigidity can be achieved by integrating metallic strips, as just described, or externally applying metallic elements to the body (see for example WO 2012055553 A1 and WO 2019201530 A1) or introducing glass fibers.
  • spacers with glass fibers in particular tend to break at the bending points during cold bending, so that the reject rate is undesirably high.
  • Spacers with continuous fibers can be found in US 5079054 A, EP 3241972 A1, EP 2561169 B1 and US 6537629 B1.
  • the spacer according to the invention for insulating glass units comprises an elongated polymeric hollow profile with a first side wall, a second side wall arranged parallel thereto, a glazing interior wall, an outer wall and a cavity.
  • the cavity is enclosed by the side walls, the glazing interior wall and the external wall.
  • the polymeric hollow profile is elongated and extends in a longitudinal direction X.
  • the glazing interior wall extends in a transverse direction Y perpendicular thereto between the two side walls.
  • the glazing interior wall is arranged essentially perpendicular to the side walls and connects the first side wall to the second side wall.
  • the side walls are the walls of the hollow profile to which the outer panes of the insulating glass unit are attached.
  • the glazing interior wall is the wall of the hollow profile that faces the inner space between the panes after installation in the finished insulating glass unit.
  • the outer wall is arranged at least partially parallel to the glazing interior wall and connects the first side wall to the second side wall.
  • the outer wall thus comprises at least one section running parallel to the glazing interior wall. After installation in the finished insulating glass unit, the outer wall faces the outer space between the panes.
  • the spacer according to the invention comprises a plurality of continuous fibers, each continuous fiber having a fiber length along its extension which corresponds to a dimension of the polymeric hollow profile along the extension of the continuous fiber.
  • the fiber length of the continuous fibers therefore corresponds to a dimension of the polymeric hollow profile in the direction of the fiber.
  • the term “continuous fiber” refers to a fiber which, based on the direction of the continuous fiber, extends over the entire dimension of the polymeric hollow profile. If the continuous fiber extends in the longitudinal direction of the polymeric hollow profile, then the fiber length (ie dimension of the continuous fiber along its extension) corresponds to the dimension of the polymeric hollow profile in the longitudinal direction. If the continuous fiber extends in the transverse direction of the polymeric hollow profile, then the fiber length corresponds to the dimension of the polymeric hollow profile in the transverse direction. If the continuous fiber extends in an oblique direction which is the longitudinal direction of the polymeric hollow profile has angles different from 0° and 90° (transverse direction), then the fiber length corresponds to the dimension of the polymeric hollow profile in this oblique direction.
  • each continuous fiber begins and ends at a top or outer surface of the polymeric hollow profile. If the continuous fiber extends in the longitudinal direction of the polymeric hollow profile, then the continuous fiber begins at a front surface of the polymeric hollow profile and ends at the longitudinally opposite front surface of the polymeric hollow profile. The two front surfaces limit the polymeric hollow profile in the longitudinal direction. If the continuous fiber extends in the transverse direction of the polymeric hollow profile, then the continuous fiber begins at a lateral surface of the polymeric hollow profile and ends at the transversely opposite lateral surface of the polymeric hollow profile. The two side surfaces delimit the polymeric hollow body in the transverse direction.
  • the continuous fiber extends in the oblique direction of the polymeric hollow profile, then the continuous fiber begins at a front or side surface of the polymeric hollow profile and ends at the transversely opposite side surface or the longitudinally opposite frontal outer wall of the polymeric hollow profile, depending on the orientation of the continuous fiber.
  • the design as endless fibers distinguishes the fibers of the spacer according to the invention significantly from conventional fibers that are embedded as reinforcement in a polymeric hollow profile.
  • short fibers typically have a length of 100 pm to 1 mm.
  • the length of long fibers typically ranges from 1 mm to 50 mm.
  • Continuous fibers are longer than 50 mm, with the length of the continuous fibers in the spacer according to the invention satisfying the design rules formulated above.
  • short or long fibers do not begin and end on the outer walls of the polymeric hollow profile, since the fiber length of a short or long fiber does not correspond to a dimension of the polymeric hollow profile in the direction of the fiber.
  • the material of the continuous fibers can be chosen as desired, as long as it is ensured that the spacer achieves improved mechanical rigidity, in particular longitudinal rigidity, due to the continuous fibers and that the fiber material has advantageous properties compared to the matrix material.
  • the continuous fibers can consist of an organic or inorganic material, in particular glass, aramid or carbon.
  • the materials used for ordinary reinforcing fibers are particularly preferred in terms of mechanical properties.
  • the spacer according to the invention also offers in particular the possibility of producing a spacer frame by bending at low temperatures such as room temperature, with the focus being on improving the mechanical longitudinal rigidity.
  • the endless fibers have the same direction of extension.
  • the same orientation of the continuous fibers can advantageously improve the mechanical rigidity of the spacer transversely to the extension of the continuous fibers particularly well.
  • the longitudinal rigidity of the spacer in particular can be improved.
  • the longitudinal rigidity is improved, so that the (common) direction of extension of the continuous fibers is preferably the longitudinal direction (X) of the polymeric hollow profile, ie the continuous fibers are bent transversely to their extension.
  • the continuous fibers start on an outer front surface and end on the inside Longitudinal opposite frontal outer surface of the polymeric hollow profile.
  • the continuous fibers of a first set of continuous fibers each have a first direction of extension, which preferably corresponds to the longitudinal direction (X) of the polymeric hollow profile, and the continuous fibers of at least a second set of continuous fibers each have a second direction of extension, which is different from the first extension direction.
  • the continuous fibers of the first set of continuous fibers thus extend in a (same) first direction.
  • the continuous fibers of the at least one second set of continuous fibers thus extend in a (same) second direction.
  • Any number of sets of continuous fibers may be provided, with the continuous fibers of the same set each extending in the same direction. The number of second sentences is not limited.
  • first set of continuous fibers and exactly one second set of continuous fibers are provided, the continuous fibers extending in a first direction and the continuous fibers of the second set extending in a second direction, which have an angle in the range of greater than 0° and 90 ° to the first direction.
  • the first direction is preferably the longitudinal direction (X) of the polymeric hollow profile because of the preferred mechanical rigidity of the spacer transverse to the longitudinal direction.
  • good mechanical rigidity can advantageously also be achieved in a different direction, preferably in addition to the good mechanical rigidity of the spacer transversely to the longitudinal direction.
  • Several second sets of continuous fibers can also be provided, with the continuous fibers of different second sets having different orientations.
  • the same orientation of the continuous fibers of at least one set of continuous fibers in particular the same orientation of all continuous fibers, further distinguishes the continuous fibers from the short and long fibers of the prior art, which can have a certain preferred direction in some areas due to extrusion, but are basically oriented differently .
  • the same alignment of continuous fibers occurs when at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, particularly preferably at least 99% of the set of continuous fibers under consideration, in particular all continuous fibers, are directed in the same direction. It is understood that, due to manufacturing reasons, it cannot be ruled out that individual continuous fibers have a different direction.
  • the continuous fibers can come in a variety of forms.
  • the continuous fibers are in the form of individual fibers (“rovings”).
  • the individual fibers have no connection to each other.
  • the individual fibers of at least one set of continuous fibers, in particular all of the continuous fibers, are preferably arranged parallel to one another.
  • the continuous fibers it is also possible for the continuous fibers to be contained in a woven composite, for example in the form of a mesh-like grid.
  • the continuous fibers of a woven composite are oriented only in a first direction, which is preferably the longitudinal direction of the spacer, and only in a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the continuous fibers are present in a non-woven composite (nonwoven). In a fleece there is no preferred direction of the continuous fibers.
  • the continuous fibers are embedded in a polymeric carrier, which preferably consists of a thermoplastic material.
  • the carrier is structurally different from the polymeric hollow profile, with the carrier with the continuous fibers being embedded in the hollow profile or arranged on a surface of the hollow profile.
  • the polymeric carrier consists of a polymeric material that is the same as a polymeric material from which the polymeric hollow profile is made. This can have procedural advantages since the two polymeric materials can be easily fused together in order to create a particularly strong connection between the polymeric support and the polymeric hollow profile.
  • the carrier contains polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G), cross-linked polyethylene terephthalate (PET-X), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyamide, polybutylene terephthalate ( PBT), PET/PC, PBT/PC, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) and/or copolymers and/or derivatives thereof.
  • the carrier essentially consists of one of the listed polymers. It is possible that the carrier is a tape.
  • the support can be connected to the hollow profile using an adhesive or by welding.
  • the carrier with the continuous fibers is arranged on the outside surface of at least one wall of the polymeric hollow profile.
  • the carrier with the continuous fibers is thus arranged on a surface of the glazing interior wall and/or a surface of the outer wall and/or a surface of the first side wall and/or a surface of the second side wall.
  • a carrier with continuous fibers is arranged on a surface of the glazing interior wall and/or a surface of the outer wall, wherein a carrier with continuous fibers can additionally be arranged on a surface of the first side wall and/or a surface of the second side wall.
  • the continuous fibers extend, preferably in the form of individual fibers, in the longitudinal direction (X) of the polymeric hollow body.
  • a support with continuous fibers is connected to the polymeric hollow profile, for example by gluing or welding, whereby welding requires that the materials of the support and hollow profile are compatible.
  • the materials of the carrier and hollow profile are preferably the same.
  • a diffusion barrier is applied, for example in the form of a gas-tight and moisture-tight barrier film, to the first side wall, to the outer wall and to the second side wall of the polymeric hollow profile.
  • the diffusion barrier seals the inner space between the panes against the ingress of moisture and prevents the loss of a gas contained in the inner space between the panes.
  • the continuous fibers are embedded in the diffusion barrier.
  • the diffusion barrier has a dual function as a barrier layer and a means of improving the mechanical rigidity of the spacer.
  • the continuous fibers are additionally embedded in at least one wall of the polymeric hollow profile. The continuous fibers are thus embedded in the glazing interior wall and/or the outer wall and/or the first side wall and/or the second side wall of the polymeric hollow profile.
  • the continuous fibers are embedded in the glazing interior wall and/or the outer wall of the polymeric hollow profile, wherein the continuous fibers can optionally be additionally embedded in the first side wall and/or the second side wall of the polymeric hollow profile.
  • the continuous fibers extend, preferably in the form of individual fibers, in the longitudinal direction (X) of the polymeric hollow body
  • the cavity of the spacer according to the invention leads to a weight reduction compared to a solidly shaped spacer and is available to accommodate further components, such as a desiccant.
  • the first side wall and the second side wall represent the sides of the spacer on which the outer panes of an insulating glass unit are installed when the spacer is installed.
  • the first side wall and the second side wall run parallel to one another.
  • the outer wall of the hollow profile is the wall opposite the glazing interior wall, which points away from the interior of the insulating glass unit (inner space between the panes) towards the outer space between the panes.
  • the outer wall preferably runs essentially perpendicular to the side walls.
  • the connecting walls closest to the side walls are inclined at an angle of 30° to 60° to the outer wall in the direction of the side walls.
  • This design improves the stability of the polymer hollow profile.
  • the connecting walls closest to the side walls are preferably inclined at an angle of 45°.
  • the stability of the spacer is further improved.
  • the diffusion barrier is applied in such a way that the areas of the two side walls bordering the glazing interior wall are free of the diffusion barrier. By attaching it to the entire outer wall except for the side walls, a particularly good seal of the spacer is achieved.
  • the advantage of the areas on the side walls that remain free of the diffusion barrier is, on the one hand, an improvement in the visual appearance when installed.
  • the primary sealant can be applied so that it extends over the diffusion barrier and over a piece of the polymeric sidewall. In this way, a uniform sealing level is achieved and a particularly good seal is achieved.
  • the height of the area remaining free of the diffusion barrier is preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm. In this embodiment, the diffusion barrier is not visible in the finished insulating glass unit and the visual impression is therefore advantageous.
  • the primary sealant can be applied in the finished insulating glazing so that the primary sealant is attached to the plastic of the side walls and the diffusion barrier. This significantly reduces interfacial diffusion at the transition from the diffusion barrier to plastic.
  • the hollow profile contains fillers that are different from the continuous fibers.
  • material properties such as mechanical strength, stiffness and dimensional stability can be further adjusted.
  • the powder and/or platelet-shaped reinforcing agents include, for example, mica, chalk and talc.
  • Particularly preferred in terms of mechanical properties are reinforcing fibers (short and/or long fibers), which include glass fibers, aramid fibers, ceramic fibers or natural fibers.
  • Alternatives include ground glass fibers or hollow glass spheres. These hollow glass spheres have a diameter of 10 pm to 20 pm and improve the stability of the polymer hollow profile.
  • Suitable hollow glass spheres are commercially available under the name “3MTM Glass Bubbles”.
  • the polymeric hollow profile contains both glass fibers and hollow glass spheres. An admixture of hollow glass spheres leads to a further improvement in the thermal properties of the hollow profile.
  • the polymeric hollow profile particularly preferably contains talc and/or glass beads as fillers.
  • the polymeric hollow profile preferably contains up to 15 percent by volume of glass beads.
  • the polymeric hollow profile preferably contains up to 20 percent by weight of talc.
  • the polymeric hollow profile has a substantially uniform wall thickness d. This leads to an improvement in bendability compared to hollow profiles with areas of different wall thicknesses. It has been shown that with a uniform wall thickness, fewer breaks in the spacer occur during cold bending than with different wall thicknesses.
  • the wall thickness d is from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. In this area the spacer is stable and at the same time flexible enough to be bendable when cold.
  • the wall thickness d is particularly preferably from 0.6 mm to 1.2 mm, particularly preferably 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm. The best results are achieved with these wall thicknesses. Deviations of 0.1 mm upwards and downwards are possible due to manufacturing reasons.
  • the hollow profile contains polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G), cross-linked polyethylene terephthalate (PET-X), polyoxymethylene (POM ), polyamides, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), PET/PC, PBT/PC styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) and/or copolymers and/or derivatives thereof.
  • the hollow profile essentially consists of one of the listed polymers. These materials provide particularly good results in terms of the flexibility required to allow the spacer to bend without additional heating. In addition, the mechanical rigidity can be improved in the desired manner by the continuous fibers.
  • the polymeric hollow profile consists of a foamed polymer.
  • foaming agents in the production of spacers is described, for example, in EP 2930296 A1.
  • the glazing interior wall has at least one perforation (opening).
  • perforations are preferably made in the glazing interior wall. The total number of perforations depends on the size of the insulating glass unit.
  • the perforations in the glazing interior wall connect the cavity with the inner space between the panes, allowing gas exchange between them. This allows air moisture to be absorbed by a desiccant located in the cavity and thus prevents the windows from fogging up.
  • the perforations are preferably designed as slots, particularly preferably as slots with a width of 0.2 mm and a length of 2 mm. The slots ensure optimal air exchange without allowing desiccant to penetrate from the cavity into the inner space between the panes.
  • the perforations can simply be punched or drilled into the interior glazing wall after the hollow profile has been manufactured.
  • the perforations are preferably punched hot into the glazing interior wall.
  • the material of the glazing interior wall is porous or made of a vapor-permeable plastic, so that no perforations are required.
  • the diffusion barrier is preferably a barrier film and prevents moisture from penetrating into the cavity of the spacer.
  • the barrier film can be a metal foil or polymer film or a multilayer film with polymeric and metallic layers or with polymeric and ceramic layers or with polymeric, metallic and ceramic layers.
  • the barrier film is preferably a gas-tight and moisture-tight barrier film.
  • gas-tight and moisture-tight refer to gas diffusion tightness and vapor diffusion tightness for the relevant gases (e.g. nitrogen, oxygen, water and argon).
  • gases e.g. nitrogen, oxygen, water and argon.
  • the materials used are gas or vapor diffusion-tight if preferably no more than 1% of the gases in the space between the panes can escape within a year. Diffusion-tight can also be equated with low-diffusion in the sense that the corresponding test standard EN 1279 Part 2 + 3 is preferably fulfilled, i.e. the finished spacer preferably meets the test standard EN 1279 Part 2 + 3.
  • the diffusion barrier is preferably a barrier film.
  • the barrier film is preferably a multilayer film with polymeric layers and metallic layers or with polymeric and ceramic layers or with polymeric, metallic and ceramic layers.
  • the barrier film preferably contains at least one polymeric layer and a metallic layer or a ceramic layer.
  • the layer thickness of the polymeric layers is preferably between 5 pm and 80 pm, preferably from 5 pm to 24 pm, particularly preferably from 10 pm to 15 pm. Polymer layers with these layer thicknesses can be easily coated and laminated.
  • the barrier film preferably contains one, two, three, four or more polymeric layers.
  • Ceramic layers are characterized by low heat conduction, which further improves the heat-insulating properties of the spacer.
  • the ceramic layers preferably contain or consist of a silicon oxide and/or a silicon nitride.
  • the barrier film preferably comprises at least one thin ceramic layer with a thickness between 10 nm and 300 nm, particularly preferably from 20 nm to 200 nm. These layer thicknesses lead to a particularly good barrier effect. To improve the barrier effect and to avoid a loss of sealing when the spacer is bent, the ceramic layers are preferably used in combination with other ceramic and/or metallic layers.
  • Metallic layers are characterized by an excellent barrier effect against the penetration of moisture and sealing against gas loss.
  • a metallic layer can comprise both pure metals and their oxides as well as their alloys.
  • the metallic layers preferably include or consist of aluminum, silver, copper, gold or alloys or oxides thereof. These are characterized by a particularly high level of tightness.
  • the barrier film preferably comprises at least one thin metallic layer with a thickness between 10 nm and 300 nm. These thin metallic layers contribute little to increasing the thermal conductivity of the barrier film, but are more susceptible to leaks that can occur when bending. Thin metallic layers are therefore preferably used in combination with further metallic layers and/or ceramic layers.
  • the barrier film preferably comprises at least one, preferably exactly one, thick metallic layer with a thickness between 2 pm and 8 pm, particularly preferably between 3 pm and 7 pm. It has been shown that thick metallic layers do not lose their tightness when bent. This means that fewer individual layers are necessary than with a structure with many thin metallic layers, which is easier to produce.
  • the barrier film particularly preferably comprises a thick metallic layer made of elemental aluminum.
  • the barrier film preferably comprises exactly one thick metallic layer, at least one polymeric layer and at least one thin ceramic layer and/or at least one thin metallic layer.
  • the preferred layer sequence is: polymeric layer - thin metallic layer or thin ceramic layer - thick metallic layer. This structure has proven to be extremely ductile, which is of great importance at the corners of a cold bent spacer frame.
  • the barrier film preferably contains at least two thin metallic layers and/or at least two thin ceramic layers, which are arranged alternately with at least one polymeric layer.
  • the outer layers are preferably formed by the polymeric layer. This means that the thin metallic and ceramic layers are particularly well protected from mechanical damage.
  • the outer layers are preferably formed by metallic or ceramic layers. These improve the adhesion properties to the secondary sealant.
  • the use of a barrier film with alternating layers is particularly advantageous with regard to the tightness of the system. A defect in one of the layers does not lead to a loss of function of the barrier film. In comparison, even a small defect in a single layer can lead to complete failure.
  • applying several thin layers is advantageous compared to one thick layer, as the risk of internal adhesion problems increases with increasing layer thickness. Further Thicker layers have a higher conductivity, so that such a film is thermodynamically less suitable.
  • the polymeric layers of the barrier film preferably include polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene chloride, polyamides, polyethylene, polypropylene, silicones, acrylonitriles, polyacrylates, polymethyl acrylates and / or copolymers or mixtures thereof.
  • the barrier film contains an adhesion promoter layer which serves to improve the adhesion of the secondary sealant in the finished insulating glazing.
  • This adhesion promoter layer is arranged as the outermost layer of the barrier film so that it is in contact with the secondary sealant in the finished insulating glazing.
  • a chemical pretreatment, a ceramic adhesive layer or a metallic adhesive layer can be used as an adhesion promoter layer.
  • the metallic adhesive layer preferably has a thickness between 5 nm and 30 nm.
  • a metallic adhesive layer can comprise both pure metals and their oxides as well as their alloys.
  • the metallic adhesive layer preferably comprises or consists of aluminum, titanium, nickel, chromium, iron or alloys or oxides thereof. These have good adhesion to the adjacent sealant.
  • Preferred alloys are stainless steel and TiNiCr.
  • the hollow profile preferably has a width v of 5 mm to 55 mm, preferably 10 mm to 20 mm, along the glazing interior wall.
  • the width v is the dimension extending between the side walls.
  • the width is the distance between the surfaces of the two side walls facing away from each other.
  • the hollow profile preferably has a height of 5 mm to 15 mm, particularly preferably 5 mm to 10 mm, along the side walls.
  • the spacer has advantageous stability, but on the other hand is advantageously inconspicuous in the insulating glass unit.
  • the cavity of the spacer has an advantageous size to accommodate a suitable amount of desiccant.
  • the height of the spacer is the distance between the surfaces of the outer wall facing away from one another and the interior glazing wall.
  • the cavity preferably contains a desiccant, preferably silica gels, molecular sieves, CaCl2, Na2SO4, activated carbon, silicates, bentonites, zeolites and/or mixtures thereof.
  • a desiccant preferably silica gels, molecular sieves, CaCl2, Na2SO4, activated carbon, silicates, bentonites, zeolites and/or mixtures thereof.
  • the spacer can be produced using methods known per se. Embedding continuous fibers in the form of individual fibers (rovings) into the polymeric hollow profile is advantageously carried out by pultrusion with thermoplastic matrix material. This is an extrusion process well known to those skilled in the art, in which the continuous fibers are unwound from spools and fed to the thermoplastic material to produce the polymeric hollow profile. The thermoplastic material flows around the continuous fibers to produce the hollow profile, which enables a very strong direct connection for a good improvement in the mechanical properties. The continuous fibers are preferably embedded into the polymeric hollow profile by pultrusion.
  • the continuous fibers can be embedded in a polymeric carrier in an analogous manner in a pultrusion process with thermoplastic matrix material.
  • the carrier with the continuous fibers can then in turn be co-extruded with the polymeric hollow profile. It is also possible to connect to an outside surface of the polymeric hollow profile, for example by gluing using an adhesive or welding.
  • the polymeric carrier can also be designed as an adhesive tape.
  • the invention further comprises an insulating glass unit with a first pane, a second pane, a circumferential spacer according to the invention arranged between the first and second panes, an inner space between the panes and an outer space between the panes.
  • the spacer according to the invention is arranged to form a circumferential spacer frame.
  • the first disk is attached to the first side wall of the spacer via a primary sealant
  • the second disk is attached to the second side wall via a primary sealant.
  • a primary sealant is arranged between the first side wall and the first pane and between the second side wall and the second pane.
  • the primary sealant is in contact with the diffusion barrier, which is attached to the side walls and the outer wall.
  • the first disk and the second disk are arranged parallel and preferably congruent. The edges of the two panes are therefore arranged flush in the edge area, which means they are at the same height.
  • the inner space between the panes is delimited by the first and second panes and the glazing interior wall.
  • the outer pane space is defined as the space bounded by the first pane, the second pane and the diffusion barrier on the outer wall of the spacer.
  • the outer space between the panes is at least partially decayed with a secondary sealant.
  • the secondary sealant contributes to the mechanical stability of the insulating glass unit and absorbs part of the climatic loads that act on the edge seal.
  • the primary sealant extends to the areas of the first and second side walls adjacent to the glazing interior wall, which are preferably free of the diffusion barrier.
  • the primary sealant thus covers the transition between the polymeric hollow profile and the diffusion barrier, so that a particularly good seal of the insulating glass unit is achieved. In this way, the diffusion of moisture into the spacer cavity at the point where the diffusion barrier borders the plastic is reduced (less interfacial diffusion).
  • the primary sealant preferably contains a polyisobutylene.
  • the polyisobutylene can be a crosslinking or non-crosslinking polyisobutylene.
  • the sealant is preferably introduced into the gap between the spacer and the disks in a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm, particularly preferably in a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm.
  • the secondary sealant is attached such that the entire outer space between the panes is completely filled with secondary sealant. This leads to maximum stabilization of the insulating glass unit.
  • the secondary sealant preferably contains polymers or silane-modified polymers, particularly preferably organic polysulfides, silicones, room temperature-crosslinking (RTV) silicone rubber, peroxide-crosslinked silicone rubber and/or addition-crosslinked silicone rubber, polyurethanes and/or hotmelt. These sealants have a particularly good stabilizing effect.
  • polymers or silane-modified polymers particularly preferably organic polysulfides, silicones, room temperature-crosslinking (RTV) silicone rubber, peroxide-crosslinked silicone rubber and/or addition-crosslinked silicone rubber, polyurethanes and/or hotmelt.
  • the first pane and the second pane of the insulating glass unit preferably contain glass, ceramics and/or polymers, particularly preferably quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate.
  • the first disk and the second disk have a thickness of 2 mm to 50 mm, preferably 3 mm to 16 mm, although both disks can also have different thicknesses.
  • the insulating glass unit comprises at least three panes, with a further spacer frame being attached to the first pane and/or the second pane, to which the at least third pane is attached.
  • the insulating glass unit In principle, a wide variety of geometries for the insulating glass unit are possible, for example rectangular, trapezoidal and rounded shapes.
  • the spacer can be bent to create round geometries.
  • the first pane, the second pane and further panes can be made of single-pane safety glass, of thermally or chemically toughened glass, of float glass, of extra-clear low-iron float glass, colored glass, or of laminated safety glass containing one or more of these components.
  • the panes can have any other components or coatings, for example low-E layers or other sun protection coatings.
  • the spacer frame consists of one or more spacers according to the invention.
  • a spacer according to the invention is preferably bent into a complete frame and connected or welded at one point via a plug connector. It can also involve several spacers according to the invention, which are linked to one another via one or more plug connectors.
  • the connectors can be designed as longitudinal connectors or corner connectors. Such corner connectors can be designed, for example, as a plastic molded part with a seal, in which two spacers provided with a miter cut collide.
  • the insulating glazing comprises more than two panes.
  • the spacer can, for example, contain grooves in which at least one further disk is arranged.
  • Several panes could also be designed as a laminated glass pane.
  • the invention further comprises a method for producing an insulating glass unit according to the invention, comprising the steps:
  • the insulating glass unit is manufactured mechanically on double glazing systems known to those skilled in the art.
  • a spacer frame comprising the spacer according to the invention is provided.
  • the spacer frame is preferably produced by bending the spacer according to the invention into a frame which is closed at one point by welding, gluing and/or using a plug connector.
  • a first disk and a second disk are provided and the spacer frame is secured between the first and second disks via a primary sealant.
  • the spacer frame will with the first side wall of the spacer placed on the first disc and fixed via the primary sealant.
  • the second disk is then placed on the second side wall of the spacer, congruent with the first disk, and also fixed via the primary sealant and the disk arrangement is pressed.
  • the outer space between the panes is at least partially filled with a secondary sealant.
  • the spacer is bent at room temperature, that is to say at temperatures below 40° C., preferably at 15° C. to 30° C. This means that no external heat source is needed to preheat the spacer in the corners. This approach saves energy and time.
  • the invention further includes the use of the insulating glass unit according to the invention as interior building glazing, exterior building glazing and/or facade glazing.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross section of an embodiment of the spacer
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C each show cross sections of various embodiments of the polymeric hollow profile of the spacer from FIG. 1 with schematically illustrated endless fibers, which are not claimed in the patent claims
  • 3A-3E each show cross sections of various further embodiments of the polymeric hollow profile of the spacer from FIG. 1 with schematically illustrated endless fibers, the embodiments of FIGS. 3A to 3C not being claimed in the patent claims
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a further possible embodiment of the spacer from FIG. 1 with endless fibers schematically illustrated
  • Figure 5 shows a cross section of an embodiment of the insulating glass unit according to the invention
  • Figure 6 shows a flow chart of the method according to the invention for producing an insulating glass unit according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross section through a spacer 1 according to the invention, the continuous fibers not being shown (see Figures 2A-2D to Figure 4).
  • the spacer 1 comprises a polymeric hollow profile 2 which extends in the longitudinal direction X.
  • the transverse direction Y is directed perpendicular to the longitudinal direction X.
  • the vertical direction Z is directed perpendicular to the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • the hollow profile 2 consists, for example, of polypropylene, although other polymeric materials are equally possible.
  • the polymeric hollow profile 2 includes two parallel side walls 3.1 and 3.2.
  • the side walls 3.1 and 3.2 are connected via an outer wall 5 and a glazing interior wall 4.
  • Two angled connecting walls 6.1 and 6.2 are arranged between the outer wall 5 and the side walls 3.1 and 3.2.
  • the connecting walls 6.1, 6.2 are preferably inclined at an angle a (alpha) of 30° to 60°, for example 45°, to the outer wall 5.
  • the glazing interior wall 4 runs perpendicular to the two side walls 3.1 and 3.2 and connects the two side walls 3.1 and 3.2 to one another.
  • the outer wall 5 lies opposite the glazing interior wall 4 and connects the two side walls 3.1 and 3.2.
  • the angled geometry of the two connecting walls 6.1, 6.2 improves the stability of the polymeric hollow profile 2.
  • the respective outer sides or outer surfaces of the glazing interior wall 4, the outer wall 5 and the two side walls 3.1, 3.2 form together the common outside or outer surface 10 of the polymeric hollow profile 2.
  • the polymeric hollow profile 2 has a cavity 7, which can be provided with a desiccant. Furthermore, the glazing interior wall 4 is provided with a plurality of openings 8 so that the desiccant can absorb moisture from the inner space between the panes 15 (see Figure 5).
  • the wall thickness of the polymeric hollow profile 2 is, for example, 1 mm.
  • the width in the transverse direction Y of the polymeric hollow profile 2 is, for example, 12 mm.
  • the total height in the vertical direction Z of the polymeric hollow profile 2 is, for example, 6.5 mm.
  • a barrier film 9 is attached to the surface 10 of the outer wall 5, the connecting walls 6.1, 6.2 and part of the side walls 3.1, 3.2 approximately up to half the height h of the side walls 3.1, 3.2.
  • the barrier film 9 is glued to the polymeric hollow profile 2 with an adhesive (not shown).
  • the barrier film 9 is not absolutely necessary.
  • the entire spacer 1 has, for example, a thermal conductivity of less than 10 W/(m K) and a gas permeation of less than 0.001 g/(m 2 h).
  • the continuous fibers 11 are arranged next to each other, without an intermediate connection, and all extend in the longitudinal direction X of the spacer 1 (with the proviso that it cannot be ruled out that continuous fibers isolated during production have a different direction).
  • the continuous fibers 11 are, for example, glass or carbon fibers.
  • the various embodiments of Figures 2A to 2C differ in the embedding of the continuous fibers 11 in the walls of the polymeric hollow profile 2.
  • the continuous fibers 11 are only embedded in the glazing interior wall 4. This measure can achieve a significant improvement in the mechanical rigidity of the spacer 1 transversely to the longitudinal direction X, ie in the vertical direction Z. In general, an improvement in mechanical stiffness can be achieved with a bending component in the vertical direction Z.
  • the continuous fibers 11 are only embedded in the glazing interior wall 4 and in the outer wall 5.
  • the mechanical rigidity of the spacer 1 in the vertical direction Z can thereby be further improved.
  • the continuous fibers 11 are embedded in the glazing interior wall 4, the outer wall 5, the two side walls 3.1, 3.2 and the two connecting walls 6.1, 6.2.
  • the mechanical rigidity of the spacer 1 in all directions can thereby be significantly improved.
  • the endless fibers 11 extend "endlessly” in the longitudinal direction 10' (end face) of the polymeric hollow profile 1.
  • the two front surfaces 10', 10 which are shown in Figure
  • FIGS. 3A to 3E each show cross sections of various further embodiments of the polymeric hollow profile 2 of the spacer 1 from Figure 1 with schematically illustrated endless fibers 11 (sections in the XZ plane), the embodiments of Figures 3A to 3C not being claimed in the patent claims . In order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, only the continuous fibers 11 will be described. The barrier film 9 is not shown.
  • the continuous fibers differ from the continuous fibers 11 of FIGS. 2A to 2C
  • Figures 3A to 3E II of Figures 3A to 3E in that they are embedded in a matrix, ie a carrier 12 made of polymeric material.
  • the endless fibers 11 with carrier 12 are formed here, for example, into a tape.
  • the carrier 12 with the continuous fibers 11 can be embedded in the hollow profile 2 in particular by co-extrusion with the polymeric hollow profile 2.
  • the different embodiments of Figures 3A to 3C differ in the embedding of the carrier 12 with continuous fibers 11 in the walls of the polymeric hollow profile 2.
  • the carrier 12 with continuous fibers 11 is only embedded in the glazing interior wall 4.
  • Figure 3B the carrier 12 with continuous fibers 11 is only embedded in the glazing interior wall 4 and in the outer wall 5.
  • the carrier 12 is embedded with endless fibers 11 in the glazing interior wall 4, the outer wall 5, the two side walls 3.1, 3.2 and the two connecting walls 6.1, 6.2.
  • the mechanical rigidity of the spacer 1 can be significantly improved analogous to Figures 2A to 2C.
  • the carrier 12 with continuous fibers 11 is arranged and fastened on the surface 10 of the polymeric hollow profile 2, for example by gluing or welding (not shown).
  • the carrier 12 with continuous fibers 11 is only applied to the surface 10 of the glazing interior wall 4.
  • the carrier 12 with continuous fibers 11 is only applied to the surface 10 of the glazing interior wall 4 and the outer wall 5.
  • the mechanical rigidity of the spacer 1 in the vertical direction Z or with a bending component in the vertical direction Z can thereby be further improved.
  • continuous fibers can be embedded in the polymeric hollow profile 2, as illustrated in the embodiments of Figures 3A, 3B and 3D.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a further possible embodiment of the spacer 1 from FIG. 1 with endless fibers 11 illustrated schematically.
  • the continuous fibers 11 are embedded in the barrier film 9, whereby the barrier film 9 advantageously achieves a dual function. On the one hand, it improves the gas and vapor tightness of the spacer 1, and on the other hand, it serves to improve the mechanical rigidity.
  • the continuous fibers 11 may be arranged in a woven or non-woven composite, for example in a mesh net or a woven or laid fabric.
  • Figure 5 shows a cross section of the edge region of an insulating glass unit 100 according to the invention with the spacer 1 shown in Figure 1.
  • continuous fibers 11 are not shown. these can for example, be designed as shown in Figures 2A to 2C, 3A to 3D and 4.
  • a first pane 13 is connected to the first side wall 3.1 of the spacer 1 via a primary sealant 17, and a second pane 14 is attached to the second side wall 3.2 via the primary sealant 17.
  • the primary sealant 17 contains a crosslinking polyisobutylene.
  • An inner pane space 15 is located between the first pane 13 and the second pane 14 and is delimited by the glazing interior wall 4 of the spacer 1 according to the invention.
  • the cavity 7 is filled with a desiccant 19, for example molecular sieve.
  • the cavity 7 is connected to the inner space 15 between the panes via openings 8 in the glazing interior wall 4.
  • the first pane 13 and the second pane 14 protrude beyond the side walls 3.1 and 3.2, so that an outer pane space 16 is created, which is located between the first pane 13 and the second pane 14 and is delimited by the outer wall 5 with the barrier film 9 of the spacer 1 .
  • the outer space between the panes 16 is covered with a secondary sealant 18.
  • the secondary sealant 18 is, for example, a silicone. Silicones absorb the forces acting on the edge seal particularly well and thus contribute to the high stability of the insulating glass unit 100.
  • the first disk 13 and the second disk 14 are made of soda lime glass with a thickness of 3 mm.
  • FIG. 9 shows a flow chart of the method according to the invention for producing an insulating glass unit 100 according to the invention.
  • the reference numbers I to VI have the following meaning:
  • the invention provides a novel spacer with continuous fibers which, compared to conventional spacers, has significantly improved mechanical rigidity, in particular longitudinal rigidity, with very good thermal insulation properties.
  • the thermal conductivity is significantly lower than that of metal spacers.
  • the spacer according to the invention also offers the possibility of producing a spacer frame by bending, for example to form corners, at low temperatures such as room temperature. Insulating glass units can be manufactured in a time- and cost-efficient manner in industrial series production.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une entretoise (1) pour des unités en verre isolant (100), comprenant - un profilé creux polymère (2) qui s'étend dans la direction longitudinale (X) et comporte : une première paroi latérale (3.1) et une seconde paroi latérale (3.2) disposée en parallèle avec celle-ci ; une paroi intérieure de vitrage (4) qui s'étend dans la direction transversale (Y) entre les parois latérales (3.1, 3.2) et les relie entre elles ; une paroi externe (5) qui est disposée au moins partiellement en parallèle avec la paroi intérieure de vitrage (4) et perpendiculairement aux parois latérales (3.1, 3.2) et relie les parois latérales (3.1, 3.2) ; et une cavité (7) qui est entourée par les parois latérales (3.1, 3.2), la paroi intérieure de vitrage (4) et la paroi externe (5), et comprenant - une pluralité de fibres continues (11), chaque fibre continue (11) ayant, le long de son extension, une longueur de fibre qui correspond à une dimension du profilé creux polymère (2) le long de l'extension de la fibre continue. En outre, les fibres continues (11) sont incorporées dans un support polymère (12), un support polymère (12) ayant des fibres continues (11) étant disposé sur une surface (11) de la paroi intérieure de vitrage (4) et/ou une surface (10) de la paroi externe (5) et/ou une surface (10) de la première paroi latérale (3.1) et/ou une surface (10) de la seconde paroi latérale (3.2).
EP23717945.2A 2022-04-14 2023-04-11 Entretoise à rigidité mécanique améliorée Withdrawn EP4508295A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22168277 2022-04-14
PCT/EP2023/059441 WO2023198709A1 (fr) 2022-04-14 2023-04-11 Entretoise à rigidité mécanique améliorée

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4508295A1 true EP4508295A1 (fr) 2025-02-19

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Country Status (6)

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EP (1) EP4508295A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA3240032A1 (fr)
CO (1) CO2024014289A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE202023002879U1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2024012652A (fr)
WO (1) WO2023198709A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5079054A (en) 1989-07-03 1992-01-07 Ominiglass Ltd. Moisture impermeable spacer for a sealed window unit
ES2210346T5 (es) 1996-12-20 2009-11-11 Saint-Gobain Glass France Separador para acristalado aislante de varias lunas.
DE19805348A1 (de) 1998-02-11 1999-08-12 Caprano & Brunnhofer Abstandhalterprofil für Isolierscheibeneinheit
DE19807454A1 (de) 1998-02-21 1999-08-26 Ensinger Abstandhalter
DE102010015836A1 (de) 2010-04-20 2011-10-20 S & T Components Gmbh & Co. Kg Abstandhalter
DE102010049806A1 (de) 2010-10-27 2012-05-03 Technoform Glass Insulation Holding Gmbh Abstandshalterprofil und Isolierscheibeneinheit mit einem solchen Abstandshalterprofil
AU2012365511B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2016-07-14 Saint-Gobain Glass France Spacer for insulating glazing units
MX2016004016A (es) 2013-09-30 2016-06-02 Saint Gobain Separador para unidades de acristalamiento aislantes.
GB2527731A (en) 2014-04-10 2016-01-06 Thermoseal Group Ltd Glazing spacer bar
AU2015321001B2 (en) 2014-09-25 2018-10-18 Saint-Gobain Glass France Spacer for insulating glazing units
EP3241972A1 (fr) 2016-05-04 2017-11-08 Technoform Glass Insulation Holding GmbH Espaceur destiné à une unité de vitrage isolant
EP3781773B1 (fr) 2018-04-16 2022-03-16 Saint-Gobain Glass France Espaceur pourvu d'éléments de renforcement

Also Published As

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MX2024012652A (es) 2024-11-08
DE202023002879U1 (de) 2025-01-20
CA3240032A1 (fr) 2023-10-19
CO2024014289A2 (es) 2024-11-18
WO2023198709A1 (fr) 2023-10-19

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