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EP4581098A1 - Procédé de traitement thermique d'une matière de déchet plastique à composants multiples - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement thermique d'une matière de déchet plastique à composants multiples

Info

Publication number
EP4581098A1
EP4581098A1 EP23757647.5A EP23757647A EP4581098A1 EP 4581098 A1 EP4581098 A1 EP 4581098A1 EP 23757647 A EP23757647 A EP 23757647A EP 4581098 A1 EP4581098 A1 EP 4581098A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyrolysis
polymer
thermal treatment
fluidized bed
reactor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23757647.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Caroline Beyer
Miika FRANCK
Peter HEIDEBRECHT
Britta Carolin BUCK
Achim Stammer
Alvaro GORDILLO BOLONIO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP4581098A1 publication Critical patent/EP4581098A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/08—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal with moving catalysts
    • C10G1/086—Characterised by the catalyst used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for thermal treatment of a multicomponent plastic waste material.
  • multicomponent plastic materials Products containing more than one plastic component, i.e., multicomponent plastic materials, are widely used in industry and in a plurality of everyday applications. Because of the tremendous and still increasing prevalence of multicomponent plastic materials, there is a large amount of waste of such materials. This waste of multicomponent plastic materials should be treated appropriately and as economically friendly as possible.
  • the process for thermal treatment of a multicomponent plastic waste material comprises providing a multicomponent plastic waste material, including a first polymer material, in particular polyamide material, and a second polymer material, in particular a polyolefin material.
  • one or more of the following elements includes a gas blocking element for blocking and/or reducing gas exchange between the first reactor, in particular the first fluidized bed reactor, and the second reactor, in particular the second fluidized bed reactor: the first reactor, in particular the first fluidized bed reactor; the second reactor, in particular the second fluidized bed reactor; the first transfer line; the second transfer line.
  • a gas blocking element for blocking and/or reducing gas exchange between the first reactor, in particular the first fluidized bed reactor, and the second reactor, in particular the second fluidized bed reactor: the first reactor, in particular the first fluidized bed reactor; the second reactor, in particular the second fluidized bed reactor; the first transfer line; the second transfer line.
  • valves and/or sealing elements may be used with or without aeration in order to avoid contamination of material in either reactor.
  • Inert gas may also be used in order to avoid contamination of the content of the first reactor and the second reactor. Even without an additional gas flow, an at least partial gas tightness between the first reactor and the second reactor can be obtained due to pressure losses of the bulk material, e.g., in an L-valve. If additional tightness is desired, gas, e.g., inert gas, can be used countercurrent to the direction of flow of the bulk material.
  • the second polymer material can be transferred to the second reactor together with the catalyst material after the first thermal treatment, e.g., the first pyrolysis, has been performed.
  • the particulate catalyst material is a particulate material according to Group A or Group B of Geldart’s classification. More preferred, the particulate catalyst material is a material according to Group B of Geldart’s classification.
  • Geldart’s classification particles can be classified into four groups (i.e., Groups A, B, C, and D) based on their fluidization behavior. In this classification, density difference between the particles and the gas and the average particle diameter are taken into account. The classification is known, e.g., from D. Geldart: Types of gas fluidization, Powder Technology, vol 7, no. 5, May 1973, pages 285 to 292, doi:10.1016/0032-5910(73)80037-3.
  • an average size of particles of the particulate catalyst material is from about 80 pm to about 800 pm, more preferred from about 100 pm to about 400 pm.
  • the average particle size is preferably determined by laser diffraction methods according to DIN ISO 13320, e.g., Beckman Coulter LS 13320 or Malvern Mastersizer 3000).
  • the average particle size is preferably defined as an arithmetic mean of the diameters or diagonals through the particles.
  • an average envelope density of particles of the particulate catalyst material is from about 1500 kg/m 3 to about 4000 kg/m 3 , preferably from about 1800 kg/m 3 to about 3000 kg/m 3 .
  • the envelope density of the particles is defined as the ratio of the mass of a particle to the sum of the volumes of the solid in each piece and the voids within each piece, that is, within close-fitting imaginary envelopes completely surrounding each piece (ASTM D3766). The ratio of the mass of a particle to the envelope volume of the particle (implied by BSI).
  • the envelope density is preferably determined by mercury pycnometry, e.g., ASTM Standard Test Method C493-93, Bulk Density and Porosity of Granular Refractory Materials by Mercury Displacement.
  • the process is a continuous process.
  • the first reactor for example the first fluidized bed reactor
  • the second reactor for example the second fluidized bed reactor
  • the particulate catalyst material and remaining multicomponent plastic waste material is transferred from the first fluidized bed reactor to the second fluidized bed reactor after the first pyrolysis.
  • the first temperature for example the first pyrolysis temperature
  • the first temperature is about 200 ° C or more, preferably about 225 ° C or more, in particular about 245 ° C or more, for example about 270 ° C or more.
  • the first temperature for example first pyrolysis temperature
  • a residence time of the multicomponent plastic waste material in the first fluidized bed reactor is about 30 minutes or lower, preferably about 15 minutes or lower.
  • the catalytically active material is a base, in particular an alkali metal oxide, an alkali metal hydroxide, for example potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or a mixture thereof, an alkali metal carbonate or a mixture of two or more of the mentioned materials.
  • a base in particular an alkali metal oxide, an alkali metal hydroxide, for example potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or a mixture thereof, an alkali metal carbonate or a mixture of two or more of the mentioned materials.
  • particles of the particulate carrier material which are impregnated and/or doped with the catalytically active material are used as particulate catalyst material.
  • the particulate catalyst material comprises about 0.5 wt.-% or more and/or about 22 wt.-% or less of an alkali metal, based on a total weight of the particulate catalyst material.
  • the alkali metal is potassium (K).
  • the alkali metal is part of the catalytically active material of the catalyst material.
  • the carrier material is impregnated with the solution containing the catalytically active material so that essentially all internal pores of the carrier material are filled with solution containing the catalytically active material. In this way, a steady state concerning solution uptake of the carrier material can be reached.
  • the carrier material soaked with the catalytically active material is dried.
  • the carrier material soaked with the catalytically active material solution is dried for 2 h or more, in particular for 15 h or more, for example for 16 h.
  • the carrier material soaked with the catalytically active material solution is dried at a temperature from about 80 ° C to about 160 ° C, preferably at a temperature from about 110 ° C to about 130 ° C, for example, at about 120 ° C.
  • raw particulate catalyst material is formed.
  • the raw particulate catalyst material can be processed to particulate catalyst material, for example, by calcination.
  • the raw particulate catalyst material is calcined, for example in air, at a temperature of about 450 ° C to about 550 ° C, in particular at a temperature of about 475 ° C to about 525 ° C, for example, at a temperature of about 500 ° C.
  • calcination time about 1 h to about 3 h, for example about 2 h, is preferred.
  • a separating device for example a sieve
  • the particulate catalyst material is pressed through the separating device, before being used in a fluidized bed reactor, for example, after calcination. Due to the use of the separating device, agglomerates that have formed during drying and/or calcination can be separated.
  • the first fluidized bed reactor and/or the second fluidized bed reactor each comprise a plenum, a gas distributor and a fluidized bed.
  • the respective gas distributor has an inclination and/or a curvature.
  • the respective gas distributor comprises a grid-like system having an opening at each end (the end adjacent to the plenum and the adjacent to the bed).
  • the openings preferably serve as discharging elements in order to discharge undesired agglomerates which have been formed during the respective thermal treatment step, for example the first pyrolysis or the second pyrolysis.
  • Discharged agglomerates can be regenerated or discarded.
  • Gas distributors containing sparging devices can be used, according to a preferred embodiment, for secondary gas injection into the respective bed.
  • the gas distributors are designed in such a way that undesired agglomerates formed during the thermal treatment can be discharged from the respective bed.
  • an internal heat transfer device can be a pipe-like and/or a rod-like element or bundle of pipe-like and/or rods-like elements immersed into the respective fluidized bed.
  • the first fluidized bed and/or the second fluidized bed each comprise a freeboard designated to retain ejected solids from the respective fluidized bed surface and carried up by the fluidization gas.
  • the freeboard has an increased diameter in comparison to the average diameter of the respective fluidized bed.
  • the diameter is preferably defined perpendicular to a main direction of flow of the fluidization gas. Due to the increased diameter, the superficial gas velocity in the area of the freeboard is decreased.
  • One advantage of external cyclones and filters is that it is possible to influence the holdup of particles having a particle size of below 40 pm (the so-called fines) in the system by either feeding the separated fines back into the reactor or discarding the fines.
  • a first pyrolysis product fluid for example a first pyrolysis product gas
  • the first pyrolysis product fluid comprises or consists of polyamide monomer, in particular a cyclic lactam, for example, caprolactam, or a diamine or a mixture thereof.
  • the system for pyrolyzing a multicomponent plastic waste material comprises a first work-up system for separating the first pyrolysis product fluid from a fluidization gas and a second work-up system for separating a pyrolysis oil (or condensable species) resulting from the second pyrolysis from the fluidization gas and from generated pyrolysis gases and/or flue gases.
  • a first work-up system for separating the first pyrolysis product fluid from a fluidization gas
  • a second work-up system for separating a pyrolysis oil (or condensable species) resulting from the second pyrolysis from the fluidization gas and from generated pyrolysis gases and/or flue gases.
  • the first work-up system comprises of one or more condensers and/or one or more gas scrubbers.
  • the one or more condensers are operated at a temperature of above or close to the melting point of the first pyrolysis product fluid.
  • the first pyrolysis product fluid contains or basically consists of caprolactam
  • the one or more condensers are operated at about 70° C or more.
  • the more than one condensers are preferably operated in sequence.
  • the one or more gas scrubbers are operated at a temperature of about 20° C or more and/or about 40° C or less.
  • the one or more gas scrubbers are cooled by a heat transfer fluid, for example water or air.
  • the more than one gas scrubbers are preferably operated in sequence.
  • the first work-up system comprises one or more cooling elements, in particular one or more coolers, for example operated at a temperature so that the first pyrolysis product fluid is cooled to room temperature, e.g., 20° C.
  • the gas scrubbers can be operated with different scrubbing liquids, preferably with scrubbing liquids in which the respective pyrolysis product fluid is soluble.
  • scrubbing liquids preferably with scrubbing liquids in which the respective pyrolysis product fluid is soluble.
  • a cyclic lactam for example caprolactam
  • a diamine or a mixture thereof is part or forms the first pyrolysis product fluid water may be used as scrubbing liquid.
  • a scrubbing liquid to be used to clean the first pyrolysis product fluid is the use of caprolactam itself also as scrubbing liquid.
  • the respective gas scrubber is preferably heated to above the melting point of the pyrolysis product fluid.
  • this is above 70° C.
  • harmful gaseous compounds are, for example, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, ammonia (NH3), and other nitrogen containing compounds.
  • further gas cleaning elements and/or methods can be used as part of the respective work-up system, such as, one or more of the following: one or more additional condensers, one or more additional scrubbers, one or more electrostatic precipitators, one or more adsorbers and or other typical gas cleaning steps.
  • the first work-up system further comprises a hot gas filter which is in the direction of flow of the first pyrolysis product fluid positioned upstream from any further element, such as the one or more gas scrubbers, of the first work-up system.
  • a hot gas filter which is in the direction of flow of the first pyrolysis product fluid positioned upstream from any further element, such as the one or more gas scrubbers, of the first work-up system.
  • the work-up system can comprise one or more cyclones.
  • the first fluidized bed reactor and/or the second fluidized bed reactor are fluidized with a fluidization gas which is an inert gas, such as nitrogen or preferably recycle gas.
  • a fluidization gas which is an inert gas, such as nitrogen or preferably recycle gas.
  • a gas flow rate of the fluidization gas is presently 1500 Nl/h or lower.
  • a ratio of superficial fluidization to minimal fluidization is 4 or higher.
  • a minimum fluidization velocity of the particulate catalyst material should be about 0.2 cm/s or more and/or about 40 cm/s or less, preferably about 1 cm/s or more and/or 20cm/s or less. In particular, the minimum fluidization velocity is about 2 cm/s or more and/or lOcm/s or less.
  • the polyamide material for example polycaprolactam
  • the polyamide material is preferably removed from the first fluidized bed reactor during and/or after the first pyrolysis by depolymerization.
  • the second polymer material in particular the polyolefin material, for example polyethylene, is essentially not pyrolyzed and/or decomposed.
  • the particulate catalyst material is partially or completely covered and/or physically connected with the second polymer material, in particular the polyolefin material.
  • the thickness of a layer of the second polymer material, in particular the polyolefin material should be small enough so that bed agglomerations are avoided but high enough so that as much of the second polymer material as possible can be transported per catalyst material particle. Thus, there is a threshold for the layer thickness.
  • the second pyrolysis temperature is preferably about 400 ° C or more, preferably about 475 C or more, in particular about 495 ° C or more and/or about 650 ° C or less, preferably about 600 ° C or less, in particular about 550 ° C or less.
  • a second pyrolysis product fluid is formed, which is transported by a fluidization gas into a second work-up system.
  • the second pyrolysis product fluid is in the form of a vaporized product, which is afterwards condensed and/or separated from the fluidization and pyrolysis gases.
  • the second work-up system preferably comprises a condenser element for condensing pyrolysis oil from the second pyrolysis product fluid and separating the pyrolysis oil from permanent gases of the second pyrolysis product fluid.
  • the catalyst material is reconditioned in a conditioning system by combusting deposits, for example pyrolysis char.
  • the conditioning system is part of the pyrolysis system for pyrolyzing a multicomponent plastic waste material.
  • the conditioning system is a distinct system.
  • the particulate catalyst material is together with second polymer material, in particular polyolefin material, transported from the first fluidized bed reactor to the second fluidized bed reactor, e.g., via a first transfer line.
  • second polymer material in particular polyolefin material
  • the conditioning system preferably comprises a heat transfer unit, for example a heat transfer tube, which connects the first transfer line and the second fluidized bed reactor.
  • the heat transfer unit protrudes into the second fluidized bed reactor from one end of the reactor, which is opposite to the end, where the fluidization gas is introduced.
  • the heat transfer device encloses an inner space, and is enclosed by an outer space. Both, the inner space and the outer space are part of the second fluidized bed reactor.
  • the outer space is preferably enclosed by the wall of the second fluidized bed reactor.
  • the particulate catalyst material has in the inner space a main direction of flow which is countercurrent to the main direction of flow of the particulate catalyst material in the outer space.
  • the second fluidized bed reactor has, during operation, a pyrolysis zone in which the second polymer material is pyrolyzed at the second pyrolysis temperature.
  • the second fluidized bed reactor has, during operation, a heat transfer zone in which heat is transferred to the particulate catalyst material which is adjacent to the particulate catalyst material within the pyrolysis zone via the heat transfer device. Adjacent to the inlet of the fluidization gas, the second fluidized bed reactor has, during operation, preferably a combustion zone in which deposits on the particulate catalyst material are combusted.
  • lean air is used as fluidization gas, so that there is enough oxygen to combust the deposits, but not enough oxygen to oxidize material during the second pyrolysis.
  • the conditioning system is spatially distinct from the second fluidized bed reactor.
  • the conditioning system in particular comprises a separate regeneration unit, e.g., a third fluidized bed reactor.
  • the particulate catalyst material is transported into the regeneration unit, where the deposits are combusted. Generated heat and flue gas can be dissipated and used for heating. After the reconditioning, the particulate catalyst material is preferably recirculated back to the second fluidized bed reactor or recirculated to the first fluidized bed reactor.
  • the overall pyrolysis system including the first reactor, the second pyrolysis reactor and the conditioning system is operated autothermally.
  • the pyrolysis char can be combusted in the second pyrolysis reactor.
  • (lean) air is fed into the second reactor at a lower end (regarding the gravitational direction). Consequently, char is combusted, and solids are heated.
  • An oxygen content within the second reactor is preferably adjusted such that essentially no second polymer material is combusted and/or oxidized.
  • the conditioning system can be integrated into the second fluidized bed reactor.
  • the conditioning system can be used for startup and/or shutdown of the pyrolysis system for pyrolyzing the multicomponent plastic waste material and/or for regeneration of the particulate catalyst material.
  • the conditioning system can be used to heat up the overall pyrolysis and a conditioning reactor system by combusting fuels such as natural gas, fuel oil, coal, pyrolysis products, plastics or other refuse derived fuels.
  • the fluidization gas comprises a combustion gas, for example, air or other oxidizing gases. Pyrolysis gases may be added during regeneration for co-combustion.
  • the polyamide material comprises or consists of one or more of the following materials: aliphatic polyamides, in particular polycaprolactam, for example known under the trade name Nylon 66, Nylon 6 or other Nylon types, or co-polymers or mixtures of the mentioned polyamide materials, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate.
  • the polyolefin material as second polymer material preferably comprises or consists of one or more of the following materials: polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene or mixtures thereof.
  • second polymer material preferably a polymer material having a decomposition temperature, in particular in the presence of the catalyst material, which is more than 20
  • the multicomponent plastic waste material is comminuted to a size from about 2.5 mm to about 3.5 mm.
  • the already comminuted multicomponent plastic waste material is further comminuted to a size from about 0.5 mm to about 1.0 mm.
  • the comminution is performed in only one step.
  • the pyrolysis system comprises a conditioning system for adjusting the temperature during startup and/or shutdown of the pyrolysis system and for regenerating the particulate catalyst material.
  • the invention further relates the use of a particulate catalyst material in a process for thermally treating, in particular pyrolyzing, a multicomponent plastic waste material, in particular in a process of the present invention, wherein the particulate catalyst material is essentially non-porous.
  • the invention further relates to a process, preferably according to the process described herein, wherein a first pyrolysis product fluid (105) and/or polyamide monomer, in particular a cyclic lactam, for example, caprolactam, or a diamine or a mixture thereof, is obtained from the first pyrolysis of the first polymer; and/or wherein a second pyrolysis product fluid (122) is obtained from the second pyrolysis of the second polymer; and wherein the process comprises the step: converting the first pyrolysis product fluid (105) and/or polyamide monomer and/or the second pyrolysis product fluid (122) obtainable by or obtained by the process described herein from the first pyrolysis and/or from the second pyrolysis or a chemical material obtainable by or obtained by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 13 to obtain a monomer, polymer or polymer product.
  • a first pyrolysis product fluid (105) and/or polyamide monomer in particular a cyclic lactam, for
  • the invention further relates to a process comprising the step: using the thermal treatment system as described herein to obtain a purified pyrolysis oil, monomer, polymer or polymer product.
  • the monomer is a di- or polyol; preferably butandiol; aldehyde; preferably formaldehyde; di- or polyisocyanate; preferably methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylenediisocyanate (H DI) or isophoronediisocyanate (IPDI); amide; preferably caprolactam; alkene; preferably styrene, ethene and norbornene; alkyne, (di)ester; preferably methyl methacrylate; mono or diacid; preferably adipic acid or terephthalic acid; diamine; preferably hexamethylenediamine, nonanediamine; or sulfones; preferably 4,4'- dichlorodiphenyl sulfone.
  • MDI m
  • the polymer is and/or the polymer product comprises polyamide (PA); preferably PA 6 or PA 66; polyisocyanate polyaddition product; preferably polyurethane (PU), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyurea or polyisocyanurate (PIR); low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polystyrene (PS), poly acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), poly styrene acrylonitrile (SAN), poly acrylate styrene acrylonitrile (ASA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polybutadiene (BR, PBD), poly(cis-l,4-isoprene), polyamide (PA);
  • the polymer and/or the polymer product is/are or is/are a part of: a part of a car; preferably cylinder head cover, engine cover, housing for charge air cooler, charge air cooler flap, intake pipe, intake manifold, connector, gear wheel, fan wheel, cooling water box, housing, housing part for heat exchanger, coolant cooler, charge air cooler, thermostat, water pump, radiator, fastening part, part of battery system for electromobility, dashboard, steering column switch, seat, headrest, center console, transmission component, door module, A, B, C or D pillar cover, spoiler, door handle, exterior mirror, windscreen wiper, windscreen wiper protection housing, decorative grill, cover strip, roof rail, window frame, sunroof frame, antenna panel, headlight and taillight, engine cover, cylinder head cover, intake manifold, airbag, cushion, or coating; a cloth; preferably shirt, trousers, pullover, boot, shoe, shoe sole, tight or jacket; an electrical part; preferably electrical or electronic passive or active component, circuit board
  • the content of the multicomponent plastic waste material (102) in the monomer, polymer and/or polymer product is 1 weight-% or more, preferably 2 weight-% or more, more preferably 5 weight-% or more, more preferably 15 weight-% or more, more preferably 30 weight-% or more, more preferably 40 weight-% or more, more preferably 60 weight-% or more, more preferably 80 weight-% or more, more preferably 90 weight-% or more, more preferably 95 weight-% or more; and/or the content of the multicomponent plastic waste material (102) in the monomer, polymer and/or polymer product is 100 weight-% or less, preferably 95 weight-% or less, more preferably 90 weight-% or less, more preferably 50 weight-% or less, more preferably 25 weight-% or less, more preferably 10 weight-% or less; and preferably the content is determined based on identity preservation and/or segregation and/or mass balance and/or book and claim chain of custody models, preferably based on mass balance,
  • Figure 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a process for pyrolyzing a multicomponent plastic waste material 102, preferably a multilayer foil comprising or consisting of a polyamide material and a polyolefin material.
  • the pyrolysis is one example for a thermal treatment.
  • a material mixture comprising polycaprolactam and polyethylene can be selectively pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis system 100.
  • a multicomponent plastic waste material 102 having a polyamide content of about 5 wt.-% or more, preferably of about 7 wt.-% or more, based on the total weight of the multicomponent plastic waste material 102, can be used.
  • the multicomponent plastic waste material 102 may have a polyamide content of about 25 wt.-% or more, for example about 28 wt.-% polycaprolactam, based on the total weight of the multicomponent plastic waste material 102.
  • the pyrolysis system 100 comprises a first fluidized bed reactor 104 and a second fluidized bed reactor 106.
  • the polyamide material for example polycaprolactam, is presently pyrolyzed in a first pyrolysis at a first pyrolysis temperature in the first fluidized bed reactor 104.
  • the first pyrolysis is a preferred example for a first thermal treatment.
  • the first pyrolysis temperature is presently 240 ° C or more, preferably about 260 ° C or more, in particular about 270 ° C or more.
  • the first pyrolysis temperature is about 350 ° C or less, in particular about 325 ° C or less, for example about 310 ° C or less.
  • the particulate catalyst material 108 presently forms the bed and is fluidized during the process.
  • the particulate catalyst material 108 comprises about 0.5 wt.-% or more and/or about 22 wt.-% or less of an alkali metal, based on a total weight of the particulate catalyst material 108.
  • the alkali metal is potassium (K) and the alkali metal is part of the catalytically active material of the catalyst material 108.
  • carrier material for the particulate catalyst material 108 a material which is essentially non-porous is used.
  • a particulate catalyst material 108 is used having a BET surface area of about 10 m 2 /g or less, in particular about 2 m 2 /g or less.
  • the BET surface area has been determined according to BS ISO 9277:2010; determination of the specific surface area of solids has been performed by gas adsorption.
  • the polyamide material and the resulting monomer remains on or close to the surface of the catalyst material 108.
  • transport paths of the polyamide material and the resulting monomer, for example caprolactam are reduced compared to in a particulate carrier material 108 having a higher amount of open pores.
  • the second pyrolysis is a preferred example for a second thermal treatment.
  • the pyrolysis system 100 presently includes a heat transfer device 132, for example a heat transfer tube, which connects the first transfer line 136 with the upper end of the second fluidized bed reactor 106.
  • the heat transfer device 132 protrudes into the second fluidized bed reactor in a direction of the inlet of the fluidization gas 110 but being spaced apart from the inlet of the fluidization gas.
  • FIG. 4A and 4B preferably include a first and a second transfer line.
  • FIG. 4B an embodiment of the pyrolysis system 100 is schematically shown, in which the conditioning system 130 comprises a regeneration unit 134 which is spatially separate from the second fluidized bed reactor 106.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement thermique d'une matière de déchet plastique à composants multiples, le procédé comprenant la fourniture d'une matière de déchet plastique à composants multiples, comprenant un premier matériau polymère et un second matériau polymère; le traitement du premier matériau polymère dans un premier traitement thermique dans un premier réacteur à une première température; et le traitement du second matériau polymère dans un second traitement thermique dans un second réacteur à une seconde température, qui est supérieure à la première température.
EP23757647.5A 2022-08-31 2023-08-21 Procédé de traitement thermique d'une matière de déchet plastique à composants multiples Pending EP4581098A1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2023/072890 WO2024046793A1 (fr) 2022-08-31 2023-08-21 Procédé de traitement thermique d'une matière de déchet plastique à composants multiples

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