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EP4573569A1 - Techniques de détermination et de gestion de score de fatigue de condition physique - Google Patents

Techniques de détermination et de gestion de score de fatigue de condition physique

Info

Publication number
EP4573569A1
EP4573569A1 EP23748871.3A EP23748871A EP4573569A1 EP 4573569 A1 EP4573569 A1 EP 4573569A1 EP 23748871 A EP23748871 A EP 23748871A EP 4573569 A1 EP4573569 A1 EP 4573569A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
user
data
period
time
fitness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23748871.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stuart Blanché TRUAX
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fitbit LLC
Original Assignee
Fitbit LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US17/891,428 external-priority patent/US20220406453A1/en
Application filed by Fitbit LLC filed Critical Fitbit LLC
Publication of EP4573569A1 publication Critical patent/EP4573569A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/30—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A61B5/024—Measuring pulse rate or heart rate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
    • A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
    • A61B5/0531—Measuring skin impedance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • A61B5/165—Evaluating the state of mind, e.g. depression, anxiety
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
    • A61B5/681—Wristwatch-type devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/63—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/67—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
    • A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
    • A61B5/0531—Measuring skin impedance
    • A61B5/0533—Measuring galvanic skin response
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1118—Determining activity level
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
    • G16H20/30—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to physical therapies or activities, e.g. physiotherapy, acupressure or exercising
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
    • G16H20/70—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to mental therapies, e.g. psychological therapy or autogenous training
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/20—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/70—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for mining of medical data, e.g. analysing previous cases of other patients

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is directed to a technical solution/benefit to the aforementioned technical problem. Accordingly, the present disclosure is directed to a system and method for calculating a stress score for a user of a wearable device.
  • the stress score can be calculated using electro-dermal activity (EDA) data collected from an EDA sensor while the user is wearing the wearable device.
  • EDA electro-dermal activity
  • the sympathetic nervous system can trigger micro-perspiration throughout a person’s body, so conductance between the EDA sensor on the wearable device and a hand or fingertip of the user will increase as the perspiration levels increase.
  • the EDA sensor can generate data that can be used by the wearable device to accurately and automatically calculate stress of the user.
  • a method for determining a fitness fatigue score for a user includes obtaining first data for the user over a first period of time.
  • the first data includes a plurality of heart rate measurements for the user over the first period of time.
  • the method includes obtaining second data for the user over a second portion of time that is shorter in duration than the first period of time.
  • the second data includes one or more sleep metrics for a plurality of sleep events for the user over the second period of time.
  • the method includes obtaining third data for the user over a third period of time that is longer in duration than the first period of time.
  • the third data includes heart rate variability data for the user over the third period of time.
  • the method includes determining the fitness fatigue score for the user for a current day based, at least in part, on the first data, the second data, and the third data.
  • the method includes causing a display screen of an electronic device to display the fitness fatigue score.
  • the one or more sleep metrics can include a duration of each of the plurality of sleep events.
  • the one or more sleep metrics can include a time of day at which each of the sleep events occurred.
  • the first period of time can include 14 days immediately prior to the cunent day.
  • the second period of time can include 7 days immediately prior to the current day.
  • the third period of time can include 30 days immediately prior to the current day.
  • the method includes determining a recommendation regarding exercise for the current day based, at least in part, on the determined fitness fatigue score for the current day.
  • the method includes causing the display screen of the electronic device to display the recommendation regarding exercise.
  • the recommendation can be for the user to forego exercise on the current day when the fitness fatigue score for the current day is below a first threshold value.
  • the recommendation can be for the user to engage in a first physical activity on the current day when the fitness fatigue score for the current day is greater than the first threshold value and less than a second threshold value.
  • the recommendation can be for the user to engage in a second physical activity on the current day when the fitness fatigue score for the current day is greater than the second threshold value.
  • the second physical activity can be more strenuous than the first physical activity.
  • determining the fitness fatigue score for the user for the current day includes determining a first subscore based on the first data. Determining the fitness fatigue score for the user further includes determining a second subscore based on the second data and a third subscore for the user based, at least in part, on the third data. Furthermore, determining the fitness fatigue score includes determining the fitness fatigue score for the user for the current day based, at least in part, on the first subscore, the second subscore, and the third subscore. In some embodiments, the first subscore is weighted more heavily than each of the second subscore and the third subscore.
  • determining the fitness fatigue score includes determining the first subscore is less than a threshold value and determining the fitness fatigue score for the current day is the first subscore.
  • detennining the reserve value for each of the heart rate measurements includes determining a resting heart rate of the user based, at least in part, on the first data and determining a maximum heart rate of the user based, at least in part, on an age of the user. Determining the reserve value further includes determining the reserve value for each of the plurality of heart rate measurements based, at least in part, on a comparison of each of the respective heart rate measurements to the resting heart rate of the user and the maximum heart rate of the user.
  • the heart rate variability data includes heart rate variability measurements taken during each of a plurality of sleep events occurring over the third period of time. Furthermore, determining the third subscore based, at least in part, on the heart rate variability data includes determining a root mean square of successive differences of heart rate variability measurements associated with a first sleep event of the plurality of sleep events. The first sleep event can corresponding to the most recent in time sleep event of the plurality of sleep events. The method includes determining the third subscore based, at least in part, on a comparison of the heart rate variability measurements associated with the first sleep event to the heart rate variability measurements for at least one other sleep event of the plurality of sleep events.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example set of devices that are able to communicate in accordance with various embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates example interfaces that can be provided in accordance with various embodiments.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates example interfaces that can be provided in accordance with various embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example process for determining a stress score that can be utilized in accordance with various embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example process for monitoring stress for a user that can be utilized in accordance with various embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an example environment in which aspects of various embodiments can be implemented.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a flow diagram of a method for determining a fitness fatigue score according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 depicts a flow diagram of a method for determining a first subscore of a fitness fatigue score according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 depicts a flow diagram of a method for determining a third subscore of a fitness fatigue score according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 depicts a graphical user interface displaying a fitness fatigue score on a display screen of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 depicts a graphical user interface displaying a fitness fatigue score on a display screen of a wearable computing device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 depicts a graphical user interface for a fitness fatigue score on a display screen of a mobile computing device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 16 depicts a graphical user interface displaying exercise recommendations for a user according to a fitness fatigue score for the user according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 17 depicts a graphical user interface displaying fitness fatigue scores for a user over a period of time according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Computing devices may include one or more sensors to detect physiological information about the user and/or the environment around the user. This information can be used to observe, detect, or diagnose various health conditions outside of a traditional clinic or laboratory setting. For example, in the context of monitoring stress, portable or wearable electronic devices may be able to detect when the sympathetic nervous system of the user triggers micro-perspiration throughout the user’s body. Additionally, a computing device may be able to record and interpret the detected information about the user and/or environment, to determine a health assessment.
  • a wearable electronic device may be able to record a relatively high frequency of a skin conductance response (SCR), which looks at the number of spikes in the skin conductance within a sliding window of time, and generate an assessment that the user is experiencing stress.
  • SCR skin conductance response
  • Approaches in accordance with various embodiments provide for determination, prediction, and/or monitoring of factors that can be indicative of stress or other such states of a user. In at least one embodiment, this determination can be made based, at least in part, upon data collected by a wearable computer, such as a device 100 illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. 1A.
  • a person can wear or utilize the device 100 that is able to automatically measure or determine at least some aspects of the health or wellbeing of the person.
  • the device 100 is a smart watch 104, although other devices such as smart or connected fitness bands or trackers, watches, rings, earbuds, phones, clothing, and the like can be utilized as well within the scope of the various embodiments.
  • the person can wear the device 100 on an arm 102 or wrist, and can view content, as may include health information, on a display 106 of the device.
  • the display 106 is a touch sensitive display that allows the person to input or annotate information about that person’s health or status as discussed elsewhere herein.
  • the device 100 may include various measurement components 152, 154 (also referred to herein as sensors) as illustrated in the back view 150 of the device 100. More specifically, as shown, the device 100 may include one or more internal sensors 152 and/or one or more external sensors 154, which may include any suitable type of sensors, such as EDA sensors and/or motion and temperature sensors, that can be used to measure or detect information about the user. Further, in an embodiment, the measurement components 152, 154 can include, or relate to, an optical measurement subsystem. In this example, the optical measurement sub-system includes at least one optical emitter and at least one optical receiver.
  • the emitter can emit light of one or more wavelengths that can be reflected from the surface of the wearer’s skin, or diffusely reflected after traveling, under the surface, and detected by at least one of the emitters.
  • Such an optical assembly can enable the smart watch to measure various types of information during times in which a person is wearing the device.
  • the external sensor(s) 154 may include an EDA sensor that is easily accessible by a palm or finger of the user, such that the user can easily make contact with the EDA sensor so that the sensor can generate data that can be used by the device 100 to accurately and automatically calculate stress of the user. Accordingly, the present disclosure is tied to the practical application of accurately and automatically calculating stress of the user through the EDA sensor(s) 154.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example environment 200 in which aspects of various embodiments can be implemented.
  • a person might have a number of different devices that are able to communicate using at least one wireless communication protocol.
  • the user might have a smart watch 202 or fitness tracker, which the user would like to be able to communicate with a smart phone 204 and a tablet computer 206.
  • the ability to communicate with multiple devices can enable a user to obtain information from the smart watch 202, such as heart rate data captured using a sensor on the smart watch, using an application installed on either the smart phone 204 or the tablet computer 206.
  • the user may also want the smart watch 202 to be able to communicate with a service provider 208, or other such entity, that is able to obtain and process data from the smartwatch and provide functionality that may not otherwise be available on the smartwatch or the applications installed on the individual devices.
  • the smart watch 202 may be able to communicate with the service provider 208 through at least one network 210, such as the Internet or a cellular network, or may communicate over a wireless connection such as Bluetooth® to one of the individual devices, which can then communicate over the at least one network.
  • a wireless connection such as Bluetooth®
  • a user may also want the devices to be able to communicate in a number of ways or with certain aspects.
  • the user may want communications between the devices to be secure, particularly where the data may include personal health data or other such communications.
  • the device or application providers may also be required to secure this information in at least some situations.
  • the user may want the devices to be able to communicate with each other concurrently, rather than sequentially. This may be particularly true where pairing may be required, as the user may prefer that each device be paired at most once, or that not manual pairing is required.
  • the user may also desire the communications to be as standards-based as possible, not only so that little manual intervention is required on the part of the user but also so that the devices can communicate with as many other types of devices as possible, which is often not the case for various proprietary formats.
  • a user may thus desire to be able to walk in a room with one device and have such device automatically communicate with another target device with little to no effort on the part of the user.
  • a device will utilize a communication technology such as Wi-Fi to communicate with other devices using wireless local area networking (WLAN).
  • WLAN wireless local area networking
  • Smaller or lower capacity devices, such as many Internet of Things (loT) devices instead utilize a communication technology such as Bluetooth®, and in particular Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) that has very low power consumption.
  • the environment 200 illustrated in FIG. 2 enables data to be captured, processed, and displayed in a number of different ways.
  • data may be captured using sensors on a smart watch 202, but due to limited resources on that smart watch the data may be transferred to a smart phone 204 or the service provider 208 (or a cloud resource) for processing, and results of that processing may then be presented back to that user on the smart watch 202, smart phone 204, or another such device associated with that user, such as the tablet computer 206.
  • a user may also be able to provide input such as health data using an interface on any of these devices, which can then be considered when making that determination.
  • data determined for a user can be used to determine state information, such as may relate to a current stress level or state of that user. At least some of this data can be determined using sensors or components able to measure or detect aspects of a user, while other data may be manually input by that user or otherwise obtained.
  • a stress determination algorithm can be utilized that takes as input a number of different inputs, where different inputs can be obtained manually, automatically, or otherwise.
  • such an algorithm can take various types of factors and use these to generate a stress score.
  • One such stress score can be calculated as illustrated in approach 300 of FIG. 3. In this example, the stress score is calculated as a weighted sum of different types of factors.
  • these types of factors can include sleep features (e.g., restlessness, fragmentation), activity features (e.g., relative AZMs, relative steps), and/or heart features (e.g., HF/LF HRV, elevated heart rate at rest), as well as inputs such as electro-dermal activity (EDA), where EDA can be used to measure a galvanic skin response.
  • sleep features e.g., restlessness, fragmentation
  • activity features e.g., relative AZMs, relative steps
  • heart features e.g., HF/LF HRV, elevated heart rate at rest
  • EDA electro-dermal activity
  • these factors can be normalized, and then weights determined through testing, machine learning, or other such approaches.
  • a first feature type relating to sleep features, can include features such as the following.
  • a sleep score restlessness value can provide a measure of an amount of movement during sleep, which may be normalized for a person over a period such as 30 days. Restless sleep is a known physiological stress marker.
  • a fragmentation feature can indicate the number of times a person was awake for more than a threshold amount of time, such as 30 minutes (WASO), which may be normalized as an average over a period such as 30 days. Fragmented sleep is also known to be a physiological stress marker.
  • WASO 30 minutes
  • a sleep reservoir level indicates how well a person has slept over, for example, a last week with days further away affecting the score less, normalized over population level. This metric analyzes the user’s sleep from the last week, to account for the fact that multiple bad nights of sleep cannot always be recovered from in a single night of sleep. Overall sleep duration also can cause poor emotion regulation, and so situations that may not induce stress after a good night’s sleep can become stressful.
  • a set of constants can be determined and/or utilized to calculate a rate at which a user’s sleep reservoir level depletes.
  • a sleep reservoir level can represent an accumulated amount of restful sleep that a user has had over a recent period of time, such as a last seven days of sleeping.
  • this reservoir level will deplete, getting closer to zero but at different rates. If the user is very well rested, getting at least seven hours of sleep each of the past seven days, then this value may be closer to a maximum normalized value of one (1 ).
  • Such an approach can map sleep calculations into a normalized sleep reservoir scale, using specific constants that can determine a rate at which a user depletes his or her sleep, and how a particular sleeping period may accumulate in terms of sleep.
  • a first period of sleep is not counted as restful sleep, with only sleep beyond that initial period being determined to count as restful sleep. After this initial period the user can be determined to be accumulating sleep. A state or type of sleep after that initial period can then determine an amount or rate of restfulness that is being restored.
  • Feature value can increase when AZMs are higher or lower than a range around 150.
  • these minutes can be determined using sensors, such as motion and heart rate sensors, on a device. Too little weekly activity can result in increased cortisol levels and make one more susceptible to perceiving events as stressors, since mild to moderate exercise acts as a “shield” against stress. Too much weekly activity can result in fatigue, as exercise is by definition a stressor.
  • a stressor represents a stimulus or event that cases a state of strain or tension, and thus results in a stress response.
  • a stress response represents the physiological and psychological changes that a body undergoes in response to a stressor in an attempt to maintain homeostasis. Multiple stress responses can be elicited by a single stressor.
  • a psychological stress response represents a relationship between a person and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his or her well-being.
  • Another feature can be a step count value, corresponding to a total number of steps over a period, such as per day. This can be normalized using demographic group average over a period such as 30 days. Too few daily steps can result in increased cortisol levels and make one more susceptible to perceiving events as stressors, since mild to moderate exercise acts as a “shield” against stress. Too many daily steps can result in fatigue, as exercise is by definition a stressor. There can be other factors indicative of activity as well, where different types of data are analyzed to determine different types, or amounts, of activity.
  • Heart rate variability quantifies the variability in time between heart-beats.
  • LF Low Frequency
  • HF High Frequency
  • Elevated heart rate while resting during the day is a sign of increased sympathovagal balance, which means too much sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity and not enough parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity. While stress results in an increased sympathovagal balance, many other things can cause increased heart rate including anemia, caffeine, alcohol, fever, high or low blood pressure, electrolyte imbalance (possibly from dehydration), hyperthyroidism, smoking, or medications.
  • SNS sympathetic nervous system
  • PNS parasympathetic nervous system
  • a sleeping heart rate above resting heart rate can indicate a percentage of time during sleep that the user’s HR is above resting HR, as may be normalized using an absolute metric as a raw percentage. Similar to Elevated HR at Rest, this is also a measure of sympatho-vagal balance, but quantifies HR during sleep instead of during the day. While many factors can cause this metric to be high, specifically drinking alcohol before sleep drives this to be high.
  • a fitness fatigue score can be calculated, which balances the fatigue effects of exercise with fitness effects of exercise into a single score, as may be normalized using a personal min/max range over a period such as 30-90 days.
  • This score measures the dual contributions of exercise to one’s fitness level in the long term, and fatigue in the short term, as measured through heart rate. Similar to weekly activity and daily steps, high fatigue levels are by definition stress that require rest.
  • Fitness fatigue can treat the human heart as a linear system. By measuring heart rate over a period of time, an accumulated representation of an amount of fatigue on a human body can be obtained, as quantified by a fitness fatigue score. When a user goes through a high heart rate event like an exercise, there will be a time when this score will go down, reflecting the fatigue effects of this exercise. After that period there will be a period where the score will go up, to reflect the fact that the body has become more fit and more resilient to exercise, and is better prepared for exercise events in the future.
  • EDA data can also be considered as a stress determination factor as discussed above.
  • Approaches for capturing or determining EDA data are described in co-pending application entitled DETECTION AND RESPONSE TO AROUSAL ACTIVATIONS, which is incorporated herein in its entirety for all purposes.
  • Sympathetic nervous system activity causes perspiration, and EDA measures the amount of conductance across the user’s skin to quantify current amounts of SNS activity.
  • This metric does not measure PNS in at least some embodiments, and so it may not provide a true measure of sympathovagal balance, rather just SNS activity, unlike other heart-related metrics.
  • a feature value can relate to EDA activity during meditation and check-in sessions.
  • a user has logged meditation or “check-in” sessions using the EDA session, then their average EDA score across all sessions can be compared with their baseline value and the feature can receive a score of, for example, 0, 1, or 2 points. If no sessions were logged, they may receive 1 point. In one embodiment, users who did not log EDA that day, may get 1 point, while users who did a guided EDA session get 2 points (regardless of alignment), and users who did an unguided EDA session, use an average of the session relative to the last 30 days of valid EDA sessions. If session is higher than average, those users get 0 points. If the session is around average, the users get 1 point. If session is less than the average, the users get 2 points.
  • a weighting of the EDA in a stress score calculation can vary, as may depend in part upon factors such as an accuracy of the EDA values or a relative importance of that data for an individual user.
  • EDA can serve as a proxy for quantifying the amount of sympathetic nervous system activity. This data can represent this activity happening momentarily.
  • the sympathetic nervous system can trigger micro-perspiration throughout a person’s body, so the conductance between a sensor and a hand or fingertip of a user will increase as the perspiration levels increase. When greater conductance is detected, this can be representative of higher sympathetic nervous system activity.
  • at least two different EDA metrics can be monitored.
  • a first metric is a tonal metric called skin conductance level, which looks at the absolute level over time, and whether that value is increasing or decreasing.
  • a second metric represents a skin conductance response (SCR), which looks at the number of spikes in the skin conductance within a sliding window of time, such as a window of one minute in duration. SCR thus can represent a count per minute of spikes in the EDA conductance level.
  • SCR skin conductance response
  • a continuous EDA determination can be made for such purposes, while a discrete or periodic EDA signal may not support such granular determinations.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates example displays or interfaces that can be provided to a user in accordance with at least one embodiment.
  • a first interface 400 provides information including a stress score field, as well as an option to obtain additional stress data.
  • a second interface 410 provides a set of stress scores plotted over time, in this case over a certain week. Such information can help a user to identify trends, as well as to help to correlate events of different days with different stress levels or scores. As illustrated, a user may be able to provide feedback for different levels of stress, which can also be plotted by day for comparison.
  • a third interface 420 can provide other information, such as mood, over that week or period of time. In at least one embodiment, there may be various sub-scores or components to a stress score, as may relate to responsiveness, exertion balance, or sleep patterns or scores.
  • a fourth interface 430 can enable a user to provide feedback about their current mood or state.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates additional interfaces that can be provided to a user in accordance with another embodiment.
  • each interface presents information that is related to stress resilience, rather than a stress score that might be interpreted as an absolute level of stress by a user.
  • a first interface 500 can present a stress resilience score, as well as a last presented stress state (and a time at which that state was presented).
  • a second interface 510 can be presented to a user who has not yet started entering or obtaining stress resilience data, such as where at least some data or permission may be required from that user before presentation.
  • a third interface 520 provides a different view of stress resilience over time, including data for individual stress resilience components as discussed previously. Such an interface can also allow a user to provide new, additional, or updated feedback that can be used in determining such values for presentation.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates additional interfaces that can be provided to a user in accordance with still another embodiment.
  • a first interface page 600 presents another view of stress resilience data over time, particularly presenting distributions of stress levels or states for different days, rather than presenting resilience values.
  • a second interface 610 presents information that helps a user to understand these scores, what goes into them, and what different scores represent.
  • Various other data and interfaces can be used as well in accordance with various embodiments.
  • data can be broken down into three stress score groups, namely an exertion group, a heart group, and a sleep pattern group.
  • the exertion group can include data for weekly activity, daily steps, and fitness fatigue score, or exertion balance.
  • the heart group can include elevated HR at rest, sleeping HR above RHR, deep sleep HRV, and potentially EDA. This data can be representative of a user’s nervous system, responsiveness, neural stimulation, neural gauge, and stimulation.
  • the sleep pattern group can include data about sleep restlessness, sleep fragmentation, deep sleep latency, deep and REM sleep duration, and sleep reservoir level.
  • Such interfaces and information can attempt to provide a holistic management tool. Such an approach can thus analyze both physical stress and mental stress.
  • An interface can be provided that quickly enables a user to obtain their daily or current stress score, along with other scores such as sleep scores and the like.
  • Such information can also help a user to reflect on their mood and remind the user to log or provide that information.
  • a user can also access additional data, such as a stress detail page where a user can obtain additional information about a current stress state or score, as well as the various components used for that determination.
  • a user may be able to drill into data components to obtain additional information of interest.
  • sensors and devices may be able to provide data about physical stress, but a user may be the best source of mental stress data, at least for certain types of mental stress data.
  • a user may be able to log a current mood or perceived stress level, or provide other such information.
  • a user can be prompted to enter mood or stress data after an EDA scan to provide for improved correlation. Such an approach can help to incorporate EDA data into a holistic view of a user’s physical and mental health.
  • a device can provide for periodic or continuous EDA measurements, which can be used to dynamically update stress determinations over time.
  • a stress score determination algorithm considers various factors that may impact a user’s stress level.
  • the weighting of these factors can be determined across users, or different ty pes of users. In at least some embodiments these weightings can also be adapted for individual users to improve accuracy.
  • a sleep stages algorithm can be used to differentiate periods of sleep, which may have significant impact on stress levels for certain users.
  • looking at factors such as HRV in specific sleep states versus an entire night can provide additional insight.
  • combined deep and REM sleep duration can provide valuable insight as these periods are generally more restorative. There can be a significant difference between getting eight hours of light sleep versus four hours of light sleep and four hours of deep sleep and REM sleep.
  • a stress determination can be a linear or non-linear combination of weighted and normalized factors, where those factors may be normalized based on personal, demographic, or other such groupings.
  • some factors may need to be inverted where some represent higher stress levels while others represent lower stress levels.
  • inverted factors include deep and REM sleep duration, sleep reservoir level, and fitness fatigue score.
  • Some factors can utilize a z-score-based approach, where a z-score of 1 represents one standard deviation above the mean, etc.
  • factors can also be normalized over different periods of time and different groupings, such as per user or per demographic group.
  • a ranging function can be applied after z-scoring to put all values into a determined range, such as between 0 and 1. In some embodiments this can involve a linear rectification and interpolation.
  • stress scores can be determined such that a single score, such as 80 on a scale of 100, represents the same stress level, or stress resilience, for all users.
  • values may mean different things to different users, such as where a first user might have an average stress level of 50 while another user might have an average stress level of 80, such that a value of 70 might mean different things to those two users.
  • a user who is very active might have a different algorithm utilized than a user who is not active, while different algorithms may also be utilized for different devices where different ty pes of input are available, or where a user may have an option of deactivating certain sensors or restricting types of data from being collected.
  • at least three categories of factors can be collected, including sleep feature, activity features, and heart features (or “responsiveness” features).
  • EDA or similar data may be utilized as well.
  • factors within these categories that may be utilized can include restlessness, fragmentation, sleep reservoir level, deep/REM sleep duration, deep sleep latency, active zone minutes or activity level, step count or movement, deep sleep HRV, elevated HR at rest, sleeping HR above RHR, and fitness fatigue score.
  • Other factors can include various exercise or activity metrics, as well as exertion balance metrics.
  • Additional factors can include blood pressure, blood composition, respiration rate, temperature, metabolic data, blood sugar levels, body weight or composition, psychological state, perceived stress, depression, activity type, or current movement patterns (e.g., gait).
  • LDL low-density lipoprotein
  • the process 700 includes activating stress determination for a user associated with a wearable device. This activation can come from a user, the wearable device, or an associated device, among other such sources.
  • the process 700 includes receiving data, from one or more sensors or components on the wearable device, that relate to a state of the user, such as may relate to heart rate, sleep state, EDA, activity , or other such information discussed and suggested herein.
  • the process 700 includes obtaining additional data provided by the user, such as may relate to perceived state data of the user.
  • the process 700 includes calculating a stress score (or stress resilience score) for that user. This stress score or value can relate to various stress metrics, such as a current stress level or stress resilience level of the user.
  • the process 700 includes performing at least one action on the wearable device (or an associated device) based at least in part upon this calculated score.
  • These actions can include any of a variety of different actions, as may relate to generating an interface, presenting data, providing a notification, updating, or modifying an operation of the wearable device, or performing another such action.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates another example process 800 for monitoring stress for a user that can be utilized in accordance with various embodiments.
  • the process 800 includes activating stress monitoring for a user associated with a wearable device. An initial stress determination can be performed, such as described with respect to FIG. 7.
  • the process 800 includes receiving new or updated sensor data and/or user-provided data.
  • the process 800 includes calculating an updated stress score based at least in part upon this new or updated data.
  • the process 800 includes analyzing change in stress score, such as with respect to an immediately prior value determination.
  • the process 800 includes determining whether the change is an actionable change, such as a change that exceeds a change threshold, falls outside an acceptable range, or satisfies an action threshold. If not, then the process 800 can continue with new and updated data being received. If the change is determined to be an actionable change, then at least one action can be performed, as shown at (812) that corresponds to the change, where those actions can include those discussed with respect to the initial stress score calculation above.
  • an actionable change such as a change that exceeds a change threshold, falls outside an acceptable range, or satisfies an action threshold. If not, then the process 800 can continue with new and updated data being received. If the change is determined to be an actionable change, then at least one action can be performed, as shown at (812) that corresponds to the change, where those actions can include those discussed with respect to the initial stress score calculation above.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates components of an example system 900 that can be utilized in accordance with various embodiments.
  • the system 900 includes at least one processor 902, such as a central processing unit (CPU) or graphics processing unit (GPU) for executing instructions that can be stored in a memory device 904, such as may include flash memory or DRAM, among other such options.
  • the device can include many types of memory, data storage, or computer-readable media, such as data storage for program instructions for execution by a processor. The same or separate storage can be used for images or data, a removable memory can be available for sharing information with other devices, and any number of communication approaches can be available for sharing with other devices.
  • the system 900 includes any suitable display 906, such as a touch screen, organic light emitting diode (OLED), or liquid crystal display (LCD), although devices might convey information via other means, such as through audio speakers or projectors.
  • OLED organic light emitting diode
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • a tracker or similar device includes at least one motion detection sensor, which as illustrated can include at least one input/ output (I/O) element 910 of the device.
  • I/O input/ output
  • Such a sensor can determine and/or detect orientation and/or movement of the system 900.
  • Such an element can include, for example, an accelerometer, inertial sensor, altimeter, or gyroscope operable to detect movement (e.g., rotational movement, angular displacement, tilt, position, orientation, motion along a non-linear path, etc.) of the device.
  • An orientation determining element can also include an electronic or digital compass, which can indicate a direction (e.g., north or south) in which the device is determined to be pointing (e.g., with respect to a primary axis or other such aspect).
  • the I/O element 910 may also be used for determining a location of the device (or the user of the device).
  • a positioning element can include a GPS or similar location-determining element(s) operable to determine relative coordinates for a position of the device.
  • Positioning elements may include wireless access points, base stations, etc., that may either broadcast location information or enable triangulation of signals to determine the location of the device.
  • Other positioning elements may include QR codes, barcodes, RFID tags, NFC tags, etc., that enable the device to detect and receive location information or identifiers that enable the device to obtain the location information (e.g., by mapping the identifiers to a corresponding location).
  • Various embodiments can include one or more such elements in any appropriate combination.
  • the I/O elements 910 may also include one or more biometric sensors, optical sensors, barometric sensors (e.g., altimeter, etc.), and the like.
  • some embodiments use the element(s) to track the location and/or motion of a user.
  • the device of some embodiments may keep track of the location of the device by using the element(s), or in some instances, by using the orientation determining element(s) as mentioned above, or a combination thereof.
  • the algorithms or mechanisms used for determining a position and/or orientation can depend at least in part upon the selection of elements available to the device.
  • the example device also includes one or more wireless components 912 operable to communicate with one or more electronic devices within a communication range of the particular wireless channel.
  • the wireless channel can be any appropriate channel used to enable devices to communicate wirelessly, such as Bluetooth, cellular, NFC, or Wi-Fi channels. It should be understood that the system 900 can have one or more conventional wired communications connections as known in the art.
  • the system 900 also includes one or more power components 908, such as may include a battery operable to be recharged through conventional plug-in approaches, or through other approaches such as capacitive charging through proximity with a power mat or other such device.
  • the system 900 can include at least one additional I/O device 910 able to receive conventional input from a user.
  • This conventional input can include, for example, a push button, touch pad, touch screen, wheel, joystick, keyboard, mouse, keypad, or any other such device or element whereby a user can input a command to the device.
  • I/O devices could even be connected by a wireless infrared or Bluetooth or other link as well in some embodiments.
  • Some devices also can include a microphone or other audio capture element that accepts voice or other audio commands.
  • a device might not include any buttons at all, but might be controlled only through a combination of visual and audio commands, such that a user can control the device without having to be in contact with the device.
  • many embodiments include at least some combination of one or more emitters 916 and one or more detectors 918 for measuring data for one or more metrics of a human body, such as for a person wearing the tracker device.
  • this may involve at least one imaging element, such as one or more cameras that are able to capture images of the surrounding environment and that are able to image a user, people, or objects in the vicinity of the device.
  • the image capture element can include any appropriate technology, such as a CCD image capture element having a sufficient resolution, focal range, and viewable area to capture an image of the user when the user is operating the device. Methods for capturing images using a camera element with a computing device are well known in the art and will not be discussed herein in detail.
  • image capture can be performed using a single image, multiple images, periodic imaging, continuous image capturing, image streaming, etc.
  • a device can include the ability to start and/or stop image capture, such as when receiving a command from a user, application, or other device.
  • the emitters 916 and detectors 918 of FIG. 9 may also be capable of being used, in one example, for obtaining optical photoplethsymogram (PPG) measurements.
  • PPG optical photoplethsymogram
  • Some PPG technologies rely on detecting light at a single spatial location, or adding signals taken from two or more spatial locations. Both of these approaches result in a single spatial measurement from which the heart rate (HR) estimate (or other physiological metrics) can be determined.
  • HR heart rate
  • a PPG device employs a single light source coupled to a single detector (i.e., a single light path).
  • a PPG device may employ multiple light sources coupled to a single detector or multiple detectors (i.e., two or more light paths).
  • a PPG device employs multiple detectors coupled to a single light source or multiple light sources (i.e., two or more light paths).
  • the light source(s) may be configured to emit one or more of green, red, and/or infrared light.
  • a PPG device may employ a single light source and two or more light detectors each configured to detect a specific wavelength or wavelength range.
  • each detector is configured to detect a different wavelength or wavelength range from one another.
  • two or more detectors configured to detect the same wavelength or wavelength range.
  • one or more detectors configured to detect a specific wavelength or wavelength range different from one or more other detectors).
  • the PPG device may determine an average of the signals resulting from the multiple light paths before determining an HR estimate or other physiological metrics. Such a PPG device may not be able to resolve individual light paths or separately utilize the individual signals resulting from the multiple light paths.
  • system 900 may further include one or more processors 902 coupled to memory device 904, display 906, bus, one or more input/output (I/O) elements 910, and wireless networking components 912, among other such options.
  • processors 902 coupled to memory device 904, display 906, bus, one or more input/output (I/O) elements 910, and wireless networking components 912, among other such options.
  • a display and/or I/O devices may be omitted.
  • the system 900 may be part of a wristband and the display 906 is configured such that the display faces away from the outside of a user’s wrist when the user wears the wristband.
  • the display may be omitted and data detected by the system 900 may be transmitted using the wireless networking interface via near-field communication (NFC), Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or other suitable wireless communication protocols over at least one network 920 to a host computer 922 for analysis, display, reporting, or other such use.
  • NFC near-field communication
  • Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
  • the memory 904 may include RAM, ROM, FLASH memory, or other non- transitory digital data storage, and may include a control program comprising sequences of instructions which, when loaded from the memory and executed using the processor 902, cause the processor 902 to perform the functions that are described herein.
  • the emitters 916 and detectors 918 may be coupled to a bus directly or indirectly using driver circuitry by which the processor 902 may drive the emitters 916 and obtain signals from the detectors 918.
  • the host computer 922 can communicate with the wireless networking components 912 via the one or more networks 920, which may include one or more local area networks, wide area networks, and/or internetworks using any of terrestrial or satellite links. In some embodiments, the host computer 922 executes control programs and/or application programs that are configured to perform some of the functions described herein.
  • each emitter 916 can be individually controlled, or each detector 918 can be individually read out when multiple detectors are used, and in such embodiments, PPG sensor data along several different light paths can be collected.
  • the control program can utilize the collected data to provide a more accurate estimation or HR and/or other physiological metrics.
  • the processor 902 and other component(s) of the PPG device may be implemented as a System-on-Chip (SoC) that may include one or more central processing unit (CPU) cores that use one or more reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction sets, and/or other software and hardware to support the PPG device.
  • SoC System-on-Chip
  • CPU central processing unit
  • RISC reduced instruction set computing
  • the emitters 916 may include electronic semiconductor light sources, such as LEDs, or produce light using any of filaments, phosphors, or laser.
  • each of the light sources emits light having the same center wavelength or within the same wavelength range.
  • at least one light source may emit light having a center wavelength that is different from another one of the light sources.
  • the center wavelengths of the light emitted by the light sources may be in the range of 495 nm to 570 nm. For example, a particular green light source may emit light with a center wavelength of 528 nm.
  • one or more of the light sources may emit red light (e g., 660 nm center wavelength) or IR light (e g., 940 nm center wavelength).
  • one or more of the light sources may emit light with peak wavelengths typically in the range of 650 nm to 940 nm.
  • a particular red light source may emit light with a peak wavelength of 660 nm
  • one or more infrared light sources may emit light with peak wavelengths in the range of 750 nm to 1700 nm.
  • a particular infrared light source may emit light with a peak wavelength of 730 nm, 760 nm, 850 nm, 870 nm, or 940 nm.
  • commercial light sources such as LEDs may provide output at about 20 nm intervals with a center wavelength tolerance of +/- 10 nm from the manufacturer’s specified wavelength and thus one possible range of useful peak wavelengths for the light sources is 650 nm to 950 nm.
  • the green light sources may be configured to emit light with wavelengths in the range of 495 nm to 570 nm.
  • a particular green light source may emit light with a wavelength of 528 nm.

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Abstract

Un score de fatigue de condition physique pour un utilisateur pour un jour actuel est fourni. Le score de fatigue de condition physique peut être déterminé sur la base, au moins en partie, de premières données obtenues sur une première période de temps, de deuxièmes données obtenues sur une deuxième période de temps qui est plus courte en durée que la première période de temps, et de troisièmes données obtenues sur une troisième période de temps qui est plus longue en durée que la première période de temps. Les premières données comprennent des mesures de fréquence cardiaque pour l'utilisateur sur la première période de temps. Les secondes données comprennent une ou plusieurs métriques de sommeil pour une pluralité d'événements de sommeil pour l'utilisateur sur la seconde période de temps. Les troisièmes données comprennent une variabilité de fréquence cardiaque pour l'utilisateur sur la troisième période de temps. De plus, une recommandation concernant l'exercice pour le jour actuel peut être générée sur la base du score de fatigue de condition physique.
EP23748871.3A 2022-08-19 2023-07-03 Techniques de détermination et de gestion de score de fatigue de condition physique Pending EP4573569A1 (fr)

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