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EP4548445A1 - Disjoncteur de protection et procédé - Google Patents

Disjoncteur de protection et procédé

Info

Publication number
EP4548445A1
EP4548445A1 EP23768153.1A EP23768153A EP4548445A1 EP 4548445 A1 EP4548445 A1 EP 4548445A1 EP 23768153 A EP23768153 A EP 23768153A EP 4548445 A1 EP4548445 A1 EP 4548445A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
differential current
limit values
low
unit
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23768153.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marvin TANNHÄUSER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP4548445A1 publication Critical patent/EP4548445A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
    • H02H3/063—Details concerning the co-operation of many similar arrangements, e.g. in a network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/548—Electromechanical and static switch connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H02H1/003—Fault detection by injection of an auxiliary voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/05—Details with means for increasing reliability, e.g. redundancy arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
    • H02H3/07—Details with automatic reconnection and with permanent disconnection after a predetermined number of reconnection cycles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of a protective switching device for a low-voltage circuit with an electronic interruption unit according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for a protective switching device for a low-voltage circuit with an electronic interruption unit.
  • Low voltage refers to voltages of up to 1000 volts AC or up to 1500 volts DC. Low voltage refers in particular to voltages that are greater than extra-low voltage, with values of 50 volts alternating voltage or 120 volts DC, are .
  • Low voltage circuit or network or system are circuits with rated currents or Rated currents of up to 125 amperes, specifically up to 63 amperes.
  • Low-voltage circuits are in particular circuits with rated currents or Rated currents of up to 50 amps, 40 amps, 32 amps, 25 amps, 16 amps or 10 amps are meant.
  • the current values mentioned refer in particular to nominal, rated and/or switching off currents, i.e. H . the maximum current that is normally carried through the circuit or in which the electrical circuit is usually interrupted, for example by a protective device such as a protective switching device, circuit breaker or circuit breaker.
  • the nominal currents can be further staggered, from 0.5 A to 1 A, 2 A, 3 A, 4 A, 5 A, 6 A, 7 A, 8 A, 9 A, 10 A, etc. up to 16 A.
  • Circuit breakers have long been known overcurrent protection devices that are used in electrical installation technology in low-voltage circuits. These protect cables from damage caused by heating due to excessive current and/or short circuits.
  • a line protection Switch can automatically switch off the circuit in the event of overload and/or short circuit.
  • a circuit breaker is a non-automatically resetting safety element.
  • circuit breakers In contrast to circuit breakers, circuit breakers are intended for currents greater than 125 A, sometimes even from 63 amps. Circuit breakers are therefore designed to be simpler and more delicate. Circuit breakers usually have a mounting option for mounting on a so-called top-hat rail (mounting rail, DIN rail, TH35).
  • Circuit breakers according to the state of the art are built electromechanically. In a housing they have a mechanical switching contact or Shunt release for interrupting (tripping) the electrical current. Usually a bimetal protective element or Bimetal element used for tripping (interruption) in the event of long-lasting overcurrent (overcurrent protection z) or in the event of thermal overload (overload protection z). An electromagnetic release with a coil is used for short-term triggering when an overcurrent limit or used in the event of a short circuit (short circuit protection). One or more arc quenching chamber(s) or Facilities for extinguishing arcs are provided. Furthermore, connection elements for conductors of the electrical circuit to be protected.
  • Residual current circuit breakers for electrical circuits are generally known. Residual current circuit breakers are also known as residual current devices, or RCD for short. Residual current circuit breakers determine the total current in an electrical circuit, which is normally zero, and interrupt it when a differential current value is exceeded, i.e. H . a current sum of non-zero, which exceeds a certain (difference) current value or fault current value, the electrical circuit. Almost all previous residual current circuit breakers have a summation current transformer whose primary winding is formed by the conductors of the circuit and whose secondary winding delivers the sum of current which is used directly or indirectly to interrupt the electrical circuit.
  • a fault occurs, for example, if there is an electrical connection from a phase conductor of the electrical circuit to ground. For example, if a person touches the phase conductor. Then part of the electrical current does not flow as usual via the neutral conductor or Neutral conductor returns, but via the person and the earth. This fault current can now be detected with the help of the summation current transformer, since the sum of the inflowing and returning current recorded in terms of amount is not zero. Via a relay or A holding magnet release, for example with connected mechanics, will interrupt the circuit, e.g. B. at least one, part or all lines. Residual current circuit breakers for detecting alternating residual currents are generally known from publication DE 44 32 643 Al.
  • the main function of residual current circuit breakers is to protect people from electrical currents (electric shock). as well as systems, machines or buildings from fire due to electrical insulation faults.
  • residual current circuit breaker or whose summation current transformer is designed in such a way that the secondary-side energy of the summation current transformer is used to actuate a tripping unit or an interruption unit or A trigger is sufficient then such residual current circuit breakers are called mains voltage independent.
  • mains voltage dependent residual current circuit breakers contain a power supply to supply energy for residual current detection (mains voltage independent ones do not). These power supplies are required, for example, to control residual currents in DC networks and mixed DC/AC networks. can be detected in circuits with high frequencies.
  • Protective switching devices with an electronic interruption unit are relatively new developments. These have a semiconductor-based electronic interruption unit. D. H .
  • the electrical current flow of the low-voltage circuit is routed via semiconductor components or semiconductor switches, which interrupt the electrical current flow. can be switched conductive.
  • Protective switching devices with an electronic interruption unit also often have a mechanical isolating contact system, in particular with isolating properties in accordance with relevant standards for low-voltage circuits, the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact system being connected in series to the electronic interruption unit, i.e. H .
  • the current of the low-voltage circuit to be protected is routed via both the mechanical isolating contact system and the electronic interruption unit.
  • the present invention relates in particular to low-voltage alternating current circuits, with an alternating voltage, usually with a time-dependent sinusoidal alternating voltage with the frequency f.
  • a harmonic alternating voltage can be represented by the rotation of a pointer whose length corresponds to the amplitude (U) of the voltage.
  • the instantaneous deflection is the projection of the pointer onto a coordinate system.
  • One period of oscillation corresponds to one full revolution of the pointer and its full angle is 2n (2Pi) or 360°.
  • the angular frequency is the rate of change of the phase angle of this rotating pointer.
  • the term instantaneous angular frequency is also used.
  • the time-dependent value from the angular velocity w and the time t corresponds to the time-dependent angle cp (t), which is also referred to as the phase angle cp (t). Ie the phase angle cp ( t ) periodically passes through the range O...2n or 0°...360°.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve a protective switching device of the type mentioned at the beginning, in particular to ensure protection against (fault) currents caused by people while at the same time ensuring security of supply or availability of electrical systems, i.e. immunity against technically caused (fault) currents which would lead to a false tripping of the protective switching device.
  • a protective switching device for protecting an electrical low-voltage circuit, in particular a low-voltage alternating circuit, comprising:
  • a mechanical isolating contact unit which has a closed state of the contacts for a current flow in the low-voltage circuit or an open state of the contacts for a current flow-avoiding galvanic isolation in the low-voltage circuit
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit can be operated and switched in particular by a mechanical handle, so that an opening of contacts to avoid a current flow or a closing of the contacts for a current flow in the low-voltage circuit can be switched (through the handle), thus (in particular) a galvanic isolation in the low-voltage circuit can be switched;
  • opening contacts is also referred to as disconnecting and closing contacts is referred to as switching on;
  • an electronic interruption unit which is connected in series on the circuit side to the mechanical isolating contact unit and which, through semiconductor-based switching elements, has a high-resistance (in particular non-conducting) state of the switching elements to avoid a current flow or a low-resistance state of the switching elements to prevent current flow in the low-voltage circuit;
  • a high-resistance (in particular non-conducting) state of the switching elements (to avoid current flow) is also called a switched-off state (process: switching off) and a low-resistance (conducting) state of the switching elements (for current flow) is also called a switched-on state (process: switching on). designated ;
  • the protective switching device in particular the control unit, is designed such that when first differential current limit values or first differential current time limit values are exceeded, a current flow in the low-voltage circuit is avoided due to a high-resistance state the switching elements of the electronic interruption unit is initiated when the isolating contacts are closed. After avoiding a current flow due to a high-resistance state of the switching elements of the electronic interruption unit and the closed state of the contacts, a test is carried out to determine whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values have been exceeded.
  • Immediate avoidance of a current flow means in particular that the electronic interruption unit becomes high impedance within 10 ms, in particular 5 ms or 1 ms. (Today's residual current circuit breakers typically trip after at least/greater than 20 ms.)
  • a test is carried out to determine whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values have been exceeded, and so on for the presence of faulty differentials to check reference current events and, if necessary, to distinguish critical events from non-critical events in order to ensure personal protection on the one hand and the availability of systems on the other.
  • condition at the load-side connections can be further monitored with regard to the presence of differential current limit values or differential current time limit values. If the status changes, another action can be advantageous take place, for example according to the advantageous embodiments of the invention.
  • only the mechanical isolating contact unit can be operated by the mechanical handle. Switching on and off using the electronic interruption unit cannot be operated (directly) on the device.
  • the system changes for a first time range (10ms...20ms...30ms...50ms...100ms...200ms...1 s ( Any value depending on the application is possible) ) the electronic interruption unit into the low-resistance state.
  • the first time range is, for example, a value from the range 10ms to 100ms to 200ms to 1s. This means if, for example, after exceeding the first differential current limit values or first differential current time limit values for 10 ms (15 ms) or 20 ms (25 ms, 30 ms, ..., 95 ms, 100 ms, ... 1 s) the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values are not exceeded, the electronic interruption unit switches to the low-resistance state.
  • the first time range can in particular be dependent on the level of the determined differential current (in particular its effective value), i.e. with higher differential currents, the first time range becomes smaller.
  • the isolating contacts are opened for a first period of time.
  • the first time period is, for example, in the range 10ms to 100ms to 10s.
  • the first time period can in particular be smaller than 300 ms, 200 ms, 150 ms, 100 ms, 50 ms, 40 ms, 30 ms, 20 ms or 10 ms.
  • the electronic interruption unit switches to the low-resistance state (after the expiration of a/the first time period and) if the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values are not exceeded for a second time range.
  • the second time range can be a value from the range 20ms to 100ms to 1s to 10s.
  • the length of the second time range can correspond to the length of the first time range or be longer.
  • a communication unit in particular an input unit, is provided. If the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values for a (the) second time range are not exceeded, the electronic interruption unit only switches to the low-resistance state when an acknowledgment occurs by means of the communication unit, in particular the input unit.
  • the second time range can be a value from the range 20ms to 100ms to 1 s.
  • the length of the second time range can correspond to the length of the first time range or be longer.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit (MK) is assigned to the load-side connections.
  • the check for whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values have been exceeded at the load-side connections is carried out by making at least one switching element, in particular two or all switching elements, of the electronic interruption unit low-resistance, in particular for a first duty cycle .
  • the first switch-on time can be so short that there is no danger to persons.
  • the check for whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values (of the load-side connections) have been exceeded is carried out by at least one switching element, in particular two or all switching elements, of the electronic interruption unit becoming low-resistance at an instantaneous absolute value Voltage occurs that is smaller than a first voltage threshold value.
  • the first voltage threshold is in particular less than 50 volts or a value of the (protective) extra-low voltage.
  • the first voltage threshold value is advantageously adjustable.
  • test is carried out at a voltage that is harmless to humans, so that the safety of both the protective switching device and the low-voltage circuit is ensured.
  • a voltage sensor unit is also advantageously provided, which determines the voltage in the low-voltage circuit, in particular the level of the voltage present at the network-side connections.
  • the switching elements become high-resistance again at an instantaneous value of the voltage that is greater than a second voltage threshold value.
  • the height of the second voltage threshold can correspond to the height of the first voltage threshold.
  • a mechanical isolating contact unit is provided with a closed state of the contacts for a current flow in the low-voltage circuit or an open state of the contacts for a galvanic isolation that prevents current flow in the low-voltage circuit
  • an electronic interruption unit which is connected in series on the circuit side to the mechanical isolating contact unit and which has a high-resistance state of the switching elements to avoid current flow or a low-resistance state of the switching elements to prevent current flow in the low-voltage circuit due to semiconductor-based switching elements,
  • the electronic interruption unit can be switched to the low-resistance state changes.
  • the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values are exceeded for a first period of time, which is in particular less than 300 ms, 200 ms, 150 ms, 100 ms, 50 ms, 40 ms, 30 ms, 20 ms or 10 ms, the isolating contacts be opened.
  • a corresponding computer program product for a protective switching device includes commands which, when the program is executed by a microcontroller, cause the microcontroller to carry out a check for whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values have been exceeded after avoiding a current flow due to a high-resistance state of the switching elements of the electronic interruption unit and the closed state of the contacts to carry out one of claims 1 to 17.
  • the microcontroller is part of the protective switching device, especially the control unit. According to the invention, a corresponding computer-readable storage medium on which the computer program product is stored is claimed.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK has a closed state of the (isolating) contacts MKg over the entire period.
  • FIG. 8 shows a representation according to FIG. Furthermore, after the first time period ZS1 has elapsed, the check for whether the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values (DSG2) have been exceeded is carried out with a first time interval ZA1 (ie not always). Furthermore, if the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values DSG2 are exceeded US (at least if there is no missing excess for the first or second time range ZB1, ZB2), the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is in an open state after a first time limit ZG1 has expired the contacts MKo changes.
  • the test is carried out with the first time interval ZA1 until the first time limit ZG1 is reached.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK changes to an open state MKo, provided that the second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values DSG2 are still exceeded.
  • the electronic interruption unit EU remains in the high-resistance state EUh (since the current flow avoidance VS).
  • the test for whether second differential current limit values or second differential current time limit values DSG2 have been exceeded is advantageously carried out according to the invention by making at least one switching element, in particular two or all switching elements, of the electronic interruption unit EU low-resistance for a first duty cycle EDI.
  • the high-resistance state EUh of the electronic interruption unit EU does not mean a permanent high-resistance state, but rather the electronic interruption unit EU becomes low-resistance for a short time (for the first duty cycle EDI).
  • the first duty cycle EDI is, for example, very short (in relation to the other times), so that this does not conflict with the representation according to the figures and the basic functionality.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un disjoncteur de protection (SG) et à un procédé. Cette invention concerne un disjoncteur de protection (SG) conçu pour protéger un circuit électrique basse tension. Selon l'invention, des bornes côté réseau et côté charge (LG, NG, LL, NL) sont prévues pour des conducteurs du circuit basse tension ; une unité de coupure (MK) mécanique présentant un état fermé des contacts lorsque le courant circule dans le circuit basse tension des contacts ou un état ouvert des contacts en présence d'une isolation galvanique empêchant la circulation du courant dans le circuit électrique basse tension étant prévu ; une unité d'interruption électronique (EU) prévue étant montée côté circuit électrique en série avec l'unité de contact de coupure (MK) mécanique et présentant, par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de commutation à base de semi-conducteurs, un état à forte impédance des éléments de commutation pour éviter une circulation du courant ou un état à basse impédance des éléments de commutation pour la circulation de courant dans le circuit électrique basse tension ; le niveau d'intensité de courant différentiel des conducteurs du circuit électrique basse tension étant déterminé et en cas de dépassement de premières valeurs limites de courant différentiel ou de premières valeurs limites de temps de courant différentiel, la circulation du courant (VS) dans le circuit électrique basse tension est empêchée par un état à forte impédance (EUh) des éléments de commutation de l'unité d'interruption électronique lorsque les contacts de coupure sont à l'état fermé (MKg) ; une fois la circulation du courant empêchée par un état à forte impédance des éléments de commutation de l'unité d'interruption électronique et dans l'état fermé des contacts, un contrôle est effectué pour déterminer s'il y a un dépassement de deuxièmes valeurs limites de courant différentiel ou de deuxièmes valeurs limites de temps de courant différentiel.
EP23768153.1A 2022-08-31 2023-08-23 Disjoncteur de protection et procédé Pending EP4548445A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022209018.7A DE102022209018A1 (de) 2022-08-31 2022-08-31 Schutzschaltgerät und Verfahren
PCT/EP2023/073117 WO2024046836A1 (fr) 2022-08-31 2023-08-23 Disjoncteur de protection et procédé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4548445A1 true EP4548445A1 (fr) 2025-05-07

Family

ID=88016530

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23768153.1A Pending EP4548445A1 (fr) 2022-08-31 2023-08-23 Disjoncteur de protection et procédé

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4548445A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN119790556A (fr)
DE (1) DE102022209018A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024046836A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102023212023A1 (de) * 2023-11-30 2025-06-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schutzschaltgerät und Verfahren

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4432643B4 (de) 1994-09-14 2005-12-01 Aeg Niederspannungstechnik Gmbh & Co Kg Kontaktanordnung für einen Fehlerstromschutzschalter
DE102006025604A1 (de) * 2006-05-24 2007-11-29 Friedrich Lütze Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung zum selbsttätigen Abschalten oder Schalten eines elektrischen Verbrauchers
GB2520961A (en) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-10 Eaton Ind Netherlands Bv Automatic reclosing alternating current circuit breaker
DE102018213354A1 (de) * 2018-08-08 2020-02-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltgerät und Verfahren
DE102019213604A1 (de) * 2019-09-06 2021-03-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schutzschaltgerät, Schutzschaltsystem und Verfahren
DE102020216405B4 (de) * 2020-12-21 2025-10-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Ansteuern eines Leistungshalbleiterschalters, Ansteuerschaltung für einen Leistungshalbleiterschalter sowie elektronischer Schutzschalter
EP4233084A1 (fr) * 2020-12-21 2023-08-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Disjoncteur et procédé
DE102020216396B3 (de) * 2020-12-21 2022-05-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schutzschaltgerät und Verfahren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102022209018A1 (de) 2024-02-29
CN119790556A (zh) 2025-04-08
WO2024046836A1 (fr) 2024-03-07

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