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EP4545655A1 - Procédé de production d'acier dans un ensemble d'installations - Google Patents

Procédé de production d'acier dans un ensemble d'installations Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4545655A1
EP4545655A1 EP23206471.7A EP23206471A EP4545655A1 EP 4545655 A1 EP4545655 A1 EP 4545655A1 EP 23206471 A EP23206471 A EP 23206471A EP 4545655 A1 EP4545655 A1 EP 4545655A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
converter
gas
direct reduction
carbon
iron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23206471.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jan-Eric Ehlers
Nina KOLBE
Tobias LEWE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG filed Critical ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Priority to EP23206471.7A priority Critical patent/EP4545655A1/fr
Publication of EP4545655A1 publication Critical patent/EP4545655A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/527—Charging of the electric furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
    • C21B13/143—Injection of partially reduced ore into a molten bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B19/00—Combinations of different kinds of furnaces that are not all covered by any single one of main groups F27B1/00 - F27B17/00
    • F27B19/04—Combinations of different kinds of furnaces that are not all covered by any single one of main groups F27B1/00 - F27B17/00 arranged for associated working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
    • C21B2100/26—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by adding additional fuel in recirculation pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/527—Charging of the electric furnace
    • C21C2005/5282—Charging of the electric furnace with organic contaminated scrap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C2100/00—Exhaust gas
    • C21C2100/02—Treatment of the exhaust gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for steel production in a plant network.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved coordination of the process steps of a steel production process.
  • the invention is solved by a method having the features of claim 1.
  • the invention is also solved by a method having the features of claim 16.
  • a process for steel production in a plant network is planned.
  • the plant network comprises a converter for refining a provided iron melt into crude steel in a converter process.
  • the provided iron melt preferably originates from a blast furnace or a direct reduction reactor, or both a blast furnace and a direct reduction reactor.
  • the conditioning of a provided iron melt into the intermediate product crude steel which is to be considered the end product within the scope of this application.
  • the process according to the invention thus has the advantage, among other things, of being carried out in a plant network that, with the converter, has a known and often already existing unit. The effort required to provide a plant network is thereby reduced.
  • the plant also has a gas pipeline system connected to the converter, which is used to carry converter gas that is released in the converter during the converter process.
  • the plant network includes a chemical plant, which is supplied with converter gas from the converter process via the stationary gas pipeline system.
  • a Synthesis gas is produced upstream of the chemical plant or in the chemical plant, on the basis of the converter gas or a portion of the converter gas.
  • the synthesis gas is subsequently enriched with H2 using a mixing device coupled to the gas line system or alternatively in a mixing unit within the chemical plant, so that the synthesis gas subsequently contains the components carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide as well as hydrogen in the intended ratio.
  • the subsequent product methanol CH 3 OH is produced from the synthesis gas or with the enriched synthesis gas.
  • converter gases containing a high proportion of CO can be reused in an effort to prevent the escape of CO compounds into the atmosphere as best as possible.
  • a synthesis gas which is provided as a starting mixture by processing, i.e. at least purifying, the converter gas.
  • This synthesis gas is then particularly preferably enriched with H2 as an enriched synthesis gas with the specified mixing ratio, often approximately in the ratio of one CO molecule to 2 H2 molecules, and serves as a starting material for the production of methanol.
  • the chemical plant used for the production of methanol CH3OH is, due to its coupling with the gas pipeline system, part of the plant network used according to the invention. The procedure according to the invention and its developments can therefore achieve the use of gases arising during steel production, namely the converter gases, for the efficient production of the extremely important chemical raw material methanol.
  • Methanol can be produced in the chemical plant using the CO, CO 2 and H 2 fractions obtained from the converter gas, based on the reactions CO + 2 H 2 ⁇ CH 3 OH and CO 2 + 3 H 2 ⁇ CH 3 OH + H 2 O.
  • the optional addition of H 2 molecules can be provided, for example with regard to the stoichiometric optimization for the two reactions mentioned above.
  • the converter process takes place with the addition of organically coated steel scrap.
  • the addition of steel scrap to the converter process has several advantages. Firstly, the addition of steel scrap can be used to cool the converter if necessary, thus enabling the temperature in the converter to be regulated within certain limits. Furthermore, the addition of steel scrap to the converter process ensures that a starting material is added for the production of the steel which, in terms of its chemical composition, is already close to the target composition, so that oxidation processes, in particular those leading to CO2 , are reduced in their extent relative to the tonnage. Furthermore, the addition of steel scrap makes it possible to regulate the atomic composition of the melt within certain limits.
  • a paint may be provided as an organic coating; in this case, the organically coated steel scrap is painted steel scrap.
  • the organic coating can be, for example, a film made of PP or PET.
  • the measure to introduce organically coated steel scrap into the converter process is based on the knowledge that at the temperatures prevailing in the converter, the pyrolytic combustion of the organic coating is to be expected, whereby the resulting gases, which contain a high proportion of CO and CO 2 , is largely unproblematic due to the further use of the converter gas as a starting material for a synthesis gas - as the developers of the present development have recognized. Due to the chemical composition of the base materials of conventional organic coatings, for example conventional paints, it is to be expected that the addition of organically coated steel scrap will result in an increase in the CO content in the converter gas within a range.
  • the carbon content of the organic coating contained in the steel scrap is at least 30 atomic%.
  • a proportion of more than 10 wt.% of the melt preferably more than 20 wt.% of the melt, particularly preferably more than 30 wt.% of the melt, comes from molten steel scrap.
  • the plant combination comprises a blast furnace for reducing and melting iron ore to form an iron melt, which is used as the iron melt to be provided according to the invention.
  • the plant network includes, among other things, a direct reduction reactor for the direct reduction of iron ore to sponge iron.
  • the direct reduction reactor is a facility in which a solid-state reaction takes place, removing oxygen from the iron ore.
  • the reducing agents used for this process include coal or natural gas, or, more recently and expectedly increasingly in the future, atomic or molecular hydrogen.
  • the reaction takes place at a temperature below the melting point of the iron ore, so its external form remains largely unchanged. This fact gives rise to the commonly used term "sponge iron" for the product of the processes taking place in the direct reduction reactor.
  • the direct reduction reactor can, for example, be designed as a shaft furnace with a reduction zone through which the iron ore flows in the opposite direction to the direction of the reducing gas.
  • Direct reduction reactors as such are well known in practice.
  • Iron ore is fed into the direct reduction reactor and reduced to sponge iron in the direct reduction reactor under the action of a reducing agent.
  • the production of sponge iron in a direct reduction reactor is followed by melting in an electric melting furnace. If necessary, a further treatment of the melt follows, in which it is freed from oxygen-affine components by blowing in oxygen.
  • This step can be carried out, for example, in a converter steelworks of a known type, as is known in particular from steel production using the blast furnace route. According to the invention, such a converter process is carried out as explained above.
  • the iron ore preferably passes through the direct reduction reactor in continuous operation.
  • the iron ore is reduced to sponge iron using a reducing gas, in particular molecular hydrogen and/or natural gas.
  • a reducing gas in particular molecular hydrogen and/or natural gas.
  • the process control and the process parameters result in the iron ore being converted to sponge iron with a degree of metallization that is usually more than 80 percent, preferably more than 90 percent, and particularly preferably more than 95 percent, at the point where the sponge iron exits the direct reduction plant.
  • the system combination also has an electric furnace, which is used for Melting the sponge iron to form an iron melt, which is refined in the converter as the iron melt to be provided according to the invention.
  • the heat for melting the sponge iron is generated electrically. Any type of electrically powered electric furnace is suitable.
  • An electric furnace also known as an electric heating system for melting metal or heating liquid metal, can be an electric arc furnace (EAF), where arcs are formed between the electrode and the metal.
  • EAF electric arc furnace
  • Possible designs include an alternating current electric arc furnace (EAFac), a direct current electric arc furnace (EAFdc), and a ladle furnace (LF).
  • a preferred option is the use of an electric furnace operating with arc resistance heating.
  • Such an electric furnace operates on the principle of forming arcs between the electrode and the charge and heating the charge or slag, particularly by means of the Joule effect.
  • Melting furnaces with arc resistance heating can, for example, be designed as submerged electric arc furnaces (SAF), in which the electrode is immersed in the charge or slag, as alternating current submerged arc furnaces (SAFac), or as direct current submerged arc furnaces (SAFdc).
  • SAFac alternating current submerged arc furnaces
  • SAFdc direct current submerged arc furnaces
  • Other designs are furnaces in which the electrode ends just above the slag. In this type of furnace, the slag is not shielded by the charge, at least in the area of the electrode. The slag is therefore open at the top, and the brush-shaped arc ( brush arc ) visible from above.
  • This furnace type is called an open slag bath furnace (
  • the electric furnace is particularly preferably designed as a submerged electric arc furnace ( SAF).
  • SAF submerged electric arc furnace
  • the electric furnace is particularly preferably designed as an open slag bath furnace (OBSF).
  • OBSF open slag bath furnace
  • the sponge iron produced in the direct reduction reactor is then transported to the electric furnace and melted into an iron melt.
  • additives are added to the electric furnace, particularly one or more of hard coal, natural gas, or steel scrap.
  • the molten iron produced in the electric furnace is then conditioned into crude steel in the converter.
  • a tapping is carried out from the electric furnace at discrete intervals, the extracted material is transported to the converter, fed into it, and treated there in a converter process, preferably in a converter process familiar from the blast furnace route in the manner described above, in particular by means of oxygen injection.
  • the plant combination comprises the direct reduction reactor and the electric furnace
  • the knowledge is used that in the novel intended production of steel by means of a route consisting of a direct reduction reactor with a downstream electric furnace and subsequent implementation of a converter process in a known manner or based on the known manner, it has surprisingly turned out to be necessary that an iron melt in liquefied form is used for the converter process which has a sufficiently high level of carbon for the intended converter processes.
  • the direct reduction is carried out with hydrogen in the direct reduction reactor, wherein a particle number fraction of the hydrogen atoms used for direct reduction of at least 0.9, preferably of at least 0.95, are present as H 2 molecules.
  • the direct reduction is carried out exclusively with molecular hydrogen.
  • the use of the highest possible proportion of H 2 for the direct reduction has the advantage that - unlike, for example, in the Use of natural gas is the case - the formation of CO2 during direct reduction is minimized or completely avoided in accordance with the proportion of molecular hydrogen in the direct reduction, which is desirable in the context of the efforts to minimize CO2 emissions against the background of the desired approximation to climate neutrality of the process.
  • the sponge iron be melted with the addition of carbon carriers to the electric furnace.
  • the addition of carbon carriers to the electric furnace has the effect of maintaining the temperature in the furnace, and the carbon content of the resulting melt can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of carbon carriers.
  • the electric furnace be a melting furnace with arc resistance heating.
  • a melting furnace with arc resistance heating has the advantage that, due to its typically non-flat design, it naturally counteracts undesirable nitrogen ingress into the molten iron. The resulting melts therefore offer excellent conditions for producing steels with a comparatively low nitrogen content in subsequent process steps. This has a beneficial effect on many steel properties and is therefore often desirable.
  • the addition of carbon carriers, in particular hard coal and/or natural gas, to the electric furnace is adjusted in such a way that a C content of between 2.0 wt.% and 4.5 wt.% is achieved in the melt.
  • the converter used is preferably an LD converter, i.e., a converter of the so-called Linz-Donauwitz design.
  • the use of an LD converter has the particular advantage that it is already present in many plant networks along the blast furnace route, so that the provision of a modified plant network for such a steelmaking process within the plant network can be achieved with reduced effort. Consequently, the advantageous use of converter gases in a chemical plant is also possible for steel production starting from direct reduction.
  • the target value of the CO content in the converter gas can be set to a value of at least 60 vol.%.
  • the process is carried out exclusively on the basis of direct reduction of iron ore to sponge iron in a direct reduction reactor, i.e., in other words, that no other unit for iron ore reduction is operated in the plant network other than one or more direct reduction reactors, in particular no blast furnace.
  • a proportion of at least 80 vol.% of the converter gas is fed into the chemical plant in order to achieve the material utilization of the highest possible proportion of the converter gas.
  • a further idea of the invention provides that methanol produced by a method according to the invention or one of its developments is used to produce an organic coating material, for example a paint, whereby an improvement in the circular economy is advantageously achieved.
  • a further concept of the invention provides a method for recycling carbon. This involves treating an iron melt in a converter process. This can be done, for example, in one of the ways described above.
  • Organically coated steel scrap is added to the molten iron and melted there.
  • the molten iron and the molten steel scrap are refined into crude steel, and a carbon-containing converter gas is produced as a byproduct.
  • the carbon-containing converter gas is withdrawn, and the withdrawn carbon-containing converter gas, or a portion of this withdrawn carbon-containing converter gas, is converted into a synthesis gas upstream of a chemical plant or within a chemical plant, wherein the synthesis gas is preferably also enriched with hydrogen. This can be done, for example, in the manner described above.
  • methanol is produced with the synthesis gas or the enriched synthesis gas, whereby the methanol is fed into the production of an organic coating material, for example a paint, on a carbon basis, whereby the produced coating material is applied as an organic coating on a steel and At the end of its life, it is returned to the converter process as organically coated steel scrap.
  • the organic coating is burned by pyrolysis in the converter process, and the carbon contained in the organic coating thus further enriches the converter gas with carbon.
  • a further aspect of the invention provides a process for carbon recycling.
  • This process comprises steel production in accordance with the invention or in a further development of the invention.
  • Methanol is produced according to the invention using synthesis gas produced according to the invention or the enriched synthesis gas, wherein the methanol is then fed to the production of an organic coating, for example a paint production, on a carbon basis, wherein the produced organic coating is applied to a steel and at the end of its life is returned to the converter process as organically coated steel scrap.
  • an organic coating for example a paint production, on a carbon basis
  • FIG. 1 a highly simplified block diagram illustrating a steel production process in a plant network that includes a direct reduction reactor to provide molten iron.
  • Steel is produced in a plant complex 1, which includes a direct reduction reactor 2, an electric furnace 3 and a converter 4.
  • a direct reduction reactor iron ore is converted into exposed to a reducing atmosphere, for example consisting of methane CH4 (in particular as natural gas) or of H2 or of a mixture of H2 and methane, whereby sponge iron is produced, which is then removed and fed into the electric furnace 3.
  • a reducing atmosphere for example consisting of methane CH4 (in particular as natural gas) or of H2 or of a mixture of H2 and methane
  • a reducing atmosphere for example consisting of methane CH4 (in particular as natural gas) or of H2 or of a mixture of H2 and methane
  • sponge iron is produced, which is then removed and fed into the electric furnace 3.
  • H2 With the aim of increasingly changing steel production towards climate neutrality of the process, it is particularly preferred to provide as high a proportion of the reducing atmosphere as H2 .
  • the sponge iron is melted to form an iron melt.
  • the gas pipeline system leads the converter gas, which is released in the converter during the converter process, into a processing unit 6, in which, by cleaning the remaining gas and adding H 2 , a synthesis gas enriched with H 2 is produced, which, after being passed on via a further section 5' of the gas pipeline system, is intended for use in a chemical plant 7.
  • the starting product is the downstream product methanol CH 3 OH is produced there.
  • This methanol can then be used for further processing into chemical products, for example, further processed in several steps into an organic coating material, for example finally in a paint factory 8, in order to be further processed into reusable paints.
  • the methanol can be further processed into aromatics or olefins, for example using known methanol-to-olefins (MTO) and methanol-to-aromatics (MTA) processes, or for example into one or more of ethene, propene, butene, benzene, toluene, o-, m-, p-xylene, which are then further processed into polyesters, melamine resins, polyurethanes, acrylates and/or epoxides and can be used as basic components of coating materials.
  • MTO methanol-to-olefins
  • MTA methanol-to-aromatics
  • ethene, propene, butene, benzene, toluene, o-, m-, p-xylene which are then further processed into polyesters, melamine resins, polyurethanes, acrylates and/or epoxides and can be used

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
EP23206471.7A 2023-10-27 2023-10-27 Procédé de production d'acier dans un ensemble d'installations Pending EP4545655A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23206471.7A EP4545655A1 (fr) 2023-10-27 2023-10-27 Procédé de production d'acier dans un ensemble d'installations

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23206471.7A EP4545655A1 (fr) 2023-10-27 2023-10-27 Procédé de production d'acier dans un ensemble d'installations

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EP4545655A1 true EP4545655A1 (fr) 2025-04-30

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0122782B1 (fr) * 1983-04-12 1989-09-27 The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. Procédé pour la préparation d'acides carboxyliques non saturés et/ou d'esters non saturés
EP3080306B1 (fr) * 2013-12-12 2018-10-31 thyssenkrupp AG Ensemble d'installations permettant la production d'acier et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner l'ensemble d'installations
US20210040573A1 (en) * 2018-03-06 2021-02-11 Sms Group Gmbh Smelting assembly for the production of steel
DE102020116425A1 (de) * 2020-06-22 2021-12-23 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Rohstahl mit niedrigem N-Gehalt

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0122782B1 (fr) * 1983-04-12 1989-09-27 The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. Procédé pour la préparation d'acides carboxyliques non saturés et/ou d'esters non saturés
EP3080306B1 (fr) * 2013-12-12 2018-10-31 thyssenkrupp AG Ensemble d'installations permettant la production d'acier et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner l'ensemble d'installations
US20210040573A1 (en) * 2018-03-06 2021-02-11 Sms Group Gmbh Smelting assembly for the production of steel
DE102020116425A1 (de) * 2020-06-22 2021-12-23 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Rohstahl mit niedrigem N-Gehalt

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