EP4423819A1 - Method for manufacturing an assembly of a photovoltaic cell and an interconnection element - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing an assembly of a photovoltaic cell and an interconnection elementInfo
- Publication number
- EP4423819A1 EP4423819A1 EP22826595.5A EP22826595A EP4423819A1 EP 4423819 A1 EP4423819 A1 EP 4423819A1 EP 22826595 A EP22826595 A EP 22826595A EP 4423819 A1 EP4423819 A1 EP 4423819A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- photovoltaic cell
- interconnection
- front face
- rear face
- photovoltaic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002042 Silver nanowire Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] Chemical compound [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper indium Chemical compound [Cu].[In] HVMJUDPAXRRVQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZZEMEJKDTZOXOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Ga+3].[Ga+3].[Se-2].[Se-2].[Se-2] ZZEMEJKDTZOXOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/90—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers
- H10F19/902—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
- H10F19/85—Protective back sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic modules, which comprise a set of photovoltaic cells interconnected electrically, and preferably so-called “crystalline” photovoltaic cells, that is to say which are based on monocrystalline or multicrystalline silicon. More specifically, the invention relates to the interconnection elements of the photovoltaic cells, and thus the interconnection of the photovoltaic cells.
- the invention can be implemented for many applications, in particular civil and/or military, for example autonomous and/or on-board applications. It can thus in particular be applied to buildings such as housing or industrial premises (tertiary, commercial, etc.), for example for the construction of their roofs, for the design of street furniture, for example for public lighting. , road signs or even the charging of electric cars, or even also be used for nomadic applications (solar mobility), in particular for integration on vehicles, such as cars, buses or boats, drones, dirigible balloons, among others.
- buildings such as housing or industrial premises (tertiary, commercial, etc.), for example for the construction of their roofs, for the design of street furniture, for example for public lighting.
- road signs or even the charging of electric cars or even also be used for nomadic applications (solar mobility), in particular for integration on vehicles, such as cars, buses or boats, drones, dirigible balloons, among others.
- the invention thus proposes a method for manufacturing an assembly comprising a photovoltaic cell and at least one interconnection element, as well as the use of a plurality of such assemblies obtained by such a method in order to form at least one chain photovoltaic cells to obtain a photovoltaic module.
- a photovoltaic module is an assembly of photovoltaic cells arranged side by side between a first transparent layer forming a front face of the photovoltaic module and a second layer forming a rear face of the photovoltaic module.
- a photovoltaic module consists of chains or even chains, more commonly called “string”, which are an assembly of several photovoltaic cells connected in series by interconnecting elements, typically ribbons or electrical wires, for example ribbons tinned copper. These strings are also connected in series to form the photovoltaic module.
- These chains allowing the interconnection of the photovoltaic cells, are typically obtained by means of dedicated equipment, called a “stringer”, allowing the deposition of the interconnection elements on the cells and the assembly of the cells.
- At least two interconnection architectures are known for forming photovoltaic modules, one called “standard” and the other called “monolithic”.
- the standard interconnection architecture consists of connecting photovoltaic cells, monofacial or bifacial, oriented in the same direction and placed in the same plane.
- the interconnection elements allowing the connection of the collection grid (formed of collection fingers and conductive tracks called "busbars") of the rear face of a photovoltaic cell with the collection grid (formed of collection fingers and conductive tracks called "busbars") of the front face of the adjacent photovoltaic cell, must meander from one plane of the module to another. They are welded on these front and rear faces and the interconnection of the cells two by two is carried out at the same time.
- the monolithic interconnection architecture consists for its part of connecting in the same plane the collection grid of the rear face of a photovoltaic cell with the collection grid of the front face of the adjacent photovoltaic cell. To do this, the front faces and the rear faces of the photovoltaic cells are alternated within each string. The interconnection elements connecting two adjacent photovoltaic cells thus remain in the same plane.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a heterojunction cell fabrication process.
- Heterojunction cells are prepared from crystalline silicon wafers, called “wafers”, generally n-type. During a first step A, these wafers are textured by wet alkaline etching, then during a second step B, they are cleaned by wet chemical cleaning.
- Layers of amorphous silicon are then deposited on each side by chemical vapor deposition assisted by radiofrequency plasma (or PECVD for "Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition” in English), during a third step C.
- an antireflection transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer is deposited above the silicon layers by physical vapor deposition (or even PVD for “Physical Vapor Deposition”).
- TCO transparent conductive oxide
- the collection of charges is carried out by means of a contact grid obtained by metallization, generally based on silver, and formed by screen printing during a fifth step E.
- a crosslinking is implemented to obtain the cells .
- the heterojunction cells are interconnected in series, as previously described, by means of a low temperature process.
- electrically conductive adhesives or ECA for “Electrically Conductive Adhesive” in English
- ECA glue is deposited on the photovoltaic cells by screen printing.
- the interconnect tape has been deposited on the cells, the ECA adhesive is cross-linked by heating, at a temperature below 200° C., to create adhesion between the cells and the tape.
- the assembly of photovoltaic cells by means of a “stringer” with the use of ECA glue in screen printing is described in European patent application EP 2 793 275 A2.
- the set of chains of photovoltaic cells obtained is subsequently placed between the first layer forming the front face of the photovoltaic module and the second layer forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module.
- the structure thus formed is then subjected to a so-called vacuum lamination step, at a temperature greater than or equal to 120°C, or even 140°C, or even 150°C, and less than or equal to 170° C., typically between 145 and 165° C., and for a duration of the lamination cycle of at least 10 minutes, or even 15 minutes, so as to obtain the photovoltaic module.
- the object of the invention is therefore to remedy, at least partially, the needs mentioned above and the drawbacks relating to the embodiments of the prior art.
- the invention thus relates, according to one of its aspects, to a method of manufacturing an assembly formed of a photovoltaic cell and of at least one interconnection element, characterized in that it successively comprises:
- the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to the use of a plurality of assemblies, each formed of a photovoltaic cell and of at least one interconnection element, obtained by the manufacturing method as defined previously, to form at least one chain of photovoltaic cells to be integrated into a photovoltaic module, characterized in that it comprises the step consisting in arranging the assemblies side by side and interconnecting the assemblies so as to connect them electrically to each other.
- the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a method for interconnecting at least two assemblies, each formed of a photovoltaic cell and at least one interconnection element, obtained by the manufacturing method as defined above, in which said at least two assemblies are arranged side by side and interconnected so as to electrically connect them together.
- the invention can make it possible to reduce the number of manufacturing steps of a photovoltaic module, and in particular eliminate the need for a step of forming chains of photovoltaic cells (or "strings") by means of a corresponding equipment (“stringer”).
- the step of depositing the interconnection elements is advantageously combined with a metallization step so as to obtain, as final product emerging from the cell lines, metallized cells comprising interconnection elements.
- the interconnection of the cells with each other can then take place during the assembly of the photovoltaic module.
- the manufacturing method, the use and the interconnection method according to the invention may also comprise one or more of the following characteristics taken in isolation or in any possible technical combination.
- the crosslinking step or steps are advantageously heat treatment steps making it possible to crosslink, in particular all at once, the metallization and the electrically conductive adhesive, in order in particular to fix said at least one interconnection element to the photovoltaic cell.
- the conditions can then advantageously be adapted to allow this double crosslinking.
- the high temperature is advantageously higher than the temperature necessary for the crosslinking of the electrically conductive glue alone.
- the photovoltaic cell(s) can be chosen from: homojunction or heterojunction photovoltaic cells based on monocrystalline (c-Si) and/or multi-crystalline (mc-Si) silicon, and/or photovoltaic cells of the IBC type (for Interdigitated Back Contact” in English), which are structures for which the contacts are made on the rear face of the cell in the form of interdigitated combs, and/or photovoltaic cells comprising at least one material from among amorphous silicon (a-Si ), microcrystalline silicon (pC-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper-indium selenide (CIS), copper-indium/gallium diselenide (CIGS), and perovskites, among others.
- a-Si amorphous silicon
- pC-Si microcrystalline silicon
- CdTe cadmium telluride
- CIS copper-indium selenide
- CGS copper-indium/gallium diselenide
- the photovoltaic cell or cells are heterojunction photovoltaic cells based on monocrystalline (c-Si) and/or multi-crystalline (mc-Si) silicon.
- the interconnection element(s) may be ribbons, in particular tinned copper ribbons, and/or electric wires.
- the metallization step can advantageously be carried out by screen printing, in particular of a paste based on silver, copper and/or aluminum or any other type of base.
- the step of depositing an electrically conductive glue can advantageously be carried out by screen printing, ink jet and/or stencil.
- the electrically conductive glue can for example be chosen from glues comprising conductive particles, for example silver and/or copper particles, carbon nanotubes or silver nanowires, or even a polymer matrix, for example acrylate, epoxy or silicone type.
- the step of depositing at least one interconnection element on the front face and/or the rear face of the photovoltaic cell can include the positioning of said at least one interconnection element on the said front face and/or rear face of the photovoltaic cell with said at least one interconnection element protruding from at least one of two opposite edges of the photovoltaic cell.
- the manufacturing method according to the invention may successively comprise:
- a step of reversing the photovoltaic cell - a second step of metallization of the other of the front face and the rear face, in particular the front face, of the photovoltaic cell to form a metallic contact grid
- first step of crosslinking the metallization and the electrically conductive adhesive in particular at high temperature, of said one of the rear face and of the front face, in particular the rear face, of the photovoltaic cell and a second step of crosslinking of the metallization and of the electrically conductive adhesive, in particular at high temperature, of said other of the front face and of the rear face of the photovoltaic cell, in particular the front face, the first and second crosslinking steps being carried out in particular simultaneously.
- the first and second crosslinking steps can be implemented at a temperature of between 200° C. and 250° C., for a period of between 10 minutes and 15 minutes.
- interconnection can be made according to a standard interconnection architecture.
- an interconnection element of the front face of a photovoltaic cell can be connected with an interconnection element of the rear face of an adjacent photovoltaic cell by means of a conductive element positioned in the inter-cell space, each interconnection element being in particular welded to the element driver.
- the interconnection can still be made according to a monolithic interconnection architecture.
- an interconnection element of the front face of a photovoltaic cell can be connected with an interconnection element of the rear face of an adjacent photovoltaic cell by superimposing and assembling the interconnection elements together, in particular by welding , for example infrared or ultrasound.
- the interconnection can also be made by means of conductive patterns incorporated in a dedicated layer of the photovoltaic module, in particular an encapsulant layer and/or a rear layer of the photovoltaic module, cooperating with the interconnection element(s).
- said at least one chain of photovoltaic cells can be encapsulated by means of an encapsulating assembly in which said at least one chain of photovoltaic cells is incorporated.
- the assembly encapsulating said at least one chain of photovoltaic cells can be positioned between a first transparent layer forming the front face of the photovoltaic module, intended to receive a luminous flux, and a second layer forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module, and all of the layers thus formed can be subjected to a vacuum lamination process, in particular at a temperature greater than or equal to 120°C, or even 140°C, or even 150°C, and less than or equal to 170°C , typically between 145 and 165° C., and for a duration of the lamination cycle of at least 10 minutes, or even 15 minutes, so as to obtain the photovoltaic module.
- a vacuum lamination process in particular at a temperature greater than or equal to 120°C, or even 140°C, or even 150°C, and less than or equal to 170°C , typically between 145 and 165° C., and for a duration of the lamination cycle of at least 10 minutes, or even 15 minutes, so as to obtain the photo
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of heterojunction cell manufacturing process
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a method of manufacturing an assembly according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows, in a sectional view, an example of assembly obtained by the manufacturing method illustrated in Figure 2,
- FIG. 4 illustrates, in a sectional view, an example of the use of several assemblies obtained by a manufacturing method according to the invention for obtaining a chain of photovoltaic cells according to a monolithic interconnection architecture
- FIG. 5 illustrates, in a sectional view, an example of the use of several assemblies obtained by a manufacturing method in accordance with the invention for obtaining a string of photovoltaic cells according to a standard interconnection architecture
- FIG. 6 shows, in a front view, an example of a dedicated layer, here an encapsulant layer, comprising conductive patterns for the interconnection of several assemblies obtained by a manufacturing method according to the invention
- Figure 7 illustrates, in a sectional view, a first example of a conductive pattern among those of Figure 6, and
- Figure 8 illustrates, in a sectional view, a second example of a conductive pattern among those of Figure 6.
- FIG. 1 has already been described in the part relating to the state of the prior art.
- Figures 2 to 8 illustrate the principle of the invention.
- the photovoltaic cells 4 are heterojunction cells.
- the interconnection elements 6 are preferably ribbons, in particular tinned copper ribbons. However, these choices are not limiting.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram which makes it possible to illustrate an example of a method of manufacturing an assembly 1 in accordance with the invention, comprising a photovoltaic cell 4 and two interconnecting ribbons 6 respectively on the front face and the face rear of the cell 4, this assembly 1 being shown in section in Figure 3.
- the manufacturing process in accordance with the invention is characterized by the succession of specific steps: a step of metallization M1, M2 and of drying S1, S2 of the front face and/or the rear face of the photovoltaic cell 4 to form a metal contact grid; a step of depositing an electrically conductive adhesive C1, C2, in particular an adhesive of the ECA ("Electrically Conductive Adhesive") type, on the front face and/or the rear face of the photovoltaic cell 4; a step of depositing El, E2 of at least one interconnection element 6 on the front face and/or the rear face of the photovoltaic cell 4; and a step of crosslinking R1, R2 at high temperature of the front face and/or the rear face of the photovoltaic cell 4.
- ECA Electrically Conductive Adhesive
- the manufacturing process of the assembly 1, comprising a photovoltaic cell 4 and two ribbons 6 of interconnection comprises first of all successively:
- These first three steps are standard steps in the process of metallization of the front/rear faces of a photovoltaic cell 4. They are usually followed by a crosslinking step to obtain the photovoltaic cell 4 which will then be introduced into a “stringer” such as as previously described to form the chains of photovoltaic cells 4 and then the photovoltaic module.
- each interconnection element 6, here in the form of a ribbon comprises a free portion 6a not superimposed on the photovoltaic cell 4.
- each interconnection element 6 may have a greater length to that of the photovoltaic cell 4.
- the photovoltaic cell 4 may comprise a portion 4a, in particular on each of its front and rear faces, on which the interconnection element(s) 6 are not superimposed.
- the integration of the strip 6 on the photovoltaic cell 4 is thus carried out very early in the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module, upstream of the module layout, namely during the manufacture of the photovoltaic cell 4.
- the addition of the ribbon 6 is carried out following the metallization step M1, M2 and before the crosslinking step R1, R2, in particular the conductive paste of silver, copper and/or aluminum or any another type of base, printed by screen printing during metallization.
- the adhesive allowing the fixing of the strip 6, in the form of electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) is also deposited before the crosslinking step R1, R2, therefore on a non-crosslinked metallization conductive paste.
- ECA electrically conductive adhesive
- the crosslinking step R1, R2 makes it possible to achieve the electrical and mechanical contact of the ribbon 6 on the photovoltaic cell 4 and to carry out the crosslinking of the metallization paste. It is therefore possible to carry out two stages of the manufacturing process in one while saving on the necessary equipment.
- the crosslinking of the ECA adhesive with a very short duration of less than 30 seconds, can be carried out simultaneously with that of the metallization pastes, with a longer duration of about 10 minutes, which can make it possible to open the choice of materials used.
- the high temperature used is then higher than the temperature which would be necessary for the crosslinking of the ECA glue alone.
- the final product obtained is therefore no longer a simple "bare" photovoltaic cell 4 but an assembly 1 comprising the cell 4 and the ribbons 6, which can facilitate and improve the precision of the measurement of the performance of the photovoltaic cells. 4.
- the invention thus makes it possible in particular to facilitate the characterization of the photovoltaic cells 4, to limit the manipulation of the cells and in particular of the chains of photovoltaic cells 4 so as to reduce the risk of breakage, to allow the replacement of a faulty cell without require the replacement of the entire chain of manufactured cells, among other things.
- drying steps S1 and S2 correspond to the drying of the metallization which must make it possible to handle the cell and to place it on supports without the metallization paste soiling the base.
- these steps can be carried out at a temperature between 170° C. and 200° C., for 30 seconds.
- the temperatures can also be lower, for example between 120° C. and 130° C. for 5 to 10 minutes for PV cells that are more sensitive to temperature, such as those comprising perovskites for example.
- the crosslinking steps R1 and R2 allow both the crosslinking of the metallization and of the ECA glue.
- the applicable temperature range is the highest and therefore that of the crosslinking of the metallization, generally between 200 ° C and 250 ° C for 10 to 15 minutes but this range can also be reduced in the future with types of cells more sensitive to temperature such as those comprising perovskites for example.
- FIG. 4 illustrates, in a sectional view, an example of the use of several assemblies 1 obtained by such a manufacturing method according to the invention so as to obtain a chain S of photovoltaic cells 4 according to a monolithic interconnection architecture.
- this type of monolithic architecture consists in interconnecting in the same plane the collection grid of the rear face of a photovoltaic cell 4 with the collection grid of the front face of the adjacent photovoltaic cell 4 .
- an interconnection element 6 of the front face of a photovoltaic cell 4 is connected with an interconnection element 6 of the rear face of an adjacent photovoltaic cell 4, in the same plane, by superimposing and assembling the elements interconnection 6 between them.
- FIG. 4 represents the superposition zones ZS formed at the level of which the connection between the interconnection elements 6 is made. This connection is advantageously made by welding, for example infrared, ultrasonic or induction welding.
- FIG. 5 illustrates, in a sectional view, an example of the use of several assemblies 1 obtained by such a manufacturing method in accordance with the invention so as to obtain a chain S of photovoltaic cells 4 according to an architecture of standard interconnect.
- this type of standard architecture consists in connecting the photovoltaic cells 4 oriented in the same direction and placed in the same plane.
- an interconnection element 6 of the front face of a photovoltaic cell 4 is connected with an interconnection element 6 of the rear face of an adjacent photovoltaic cell 4 via a conductive element 8, or pattern conductor 8, for example in the form of copper tape, positioned in the intercell space e.
- Each interconnection element 6 is in particular welded to the conductive element 8, for example by infrared, ultrasonic or induction welding.
- the interconnection can also be made by means of conductive patterns 9 incorporated in a dedicated layer 3 of the photovoltaic module.
- This dedicated layer can for example be an encapsulant layer, in particular located on the rear face, or a rear layer (also called “backsheet”) of the photovoltaic module.
- the interconnection takes place by cooperation between the elements interconnection 6 and the conductive patterns 9 of the dedicated layer 3, in particular obtained by welding, for example induction welding or even during lamination.
- FIG. 6 represents, according to a front view, an example of dedicated layer 3, here an encapsulant layer 3 on the side of the rear face of the module, comprising conductive patterns 9 for the interconnection of several assemblies 1.
- These conductive patterns 9 can for example take the form of conductive strips, for example of copper, integrated on the encapsulant layer 3, as shown schematically in FIG. 7. They can also take the form of ink tracks conductive, for example silver or copper or aluminum, integrated on the encapsulant layer 3, as shown schematically in Figure 8.
Landscapes
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
PROCÉDÉ DE FABRICATION D'UN ASSEMBLAGE D'UNE CELLULE PHOTO VOLTAÏQUE ET D'UN ÉLÉMENT D'INTERCONNEXION METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN ASSEMBLY OF A PHOTO VOLTAIC CELL AND AN INTERCONNECTING ELEMENT
DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE TECHNICAL AREA
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine des modules photovoltaïques, qui comportent un ensemble de cellules photovoltaïques reliées entre elles électriquement, et préférentiellement des cellules photovoltaïques dites « cristallines », c'est-à-dire qui sont à base de silicium monocristallin ou multicristallin. Plus précisément, l'invention concerne les éléments d'interconnexion des cellules photovoltaïques, et ainsi l'interconnexion des cellules photovoltaïques. The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic modules, which comprise a set of photovoltaic cells interconnected electrically, and preferably so-called “crystalline” photovoltaic cells, that is to say which are based on monocrystalline or multicrystalline silicon. More specifically, the invention relates to the interconnection elements of the photovoltaic cells, and thus the interconnection of the photovoltaic cells.
L'invention peut être mise en œuvre pour de nombreuses applications, notamment civiles et/ou militaires, par exemple des applications autonomes et/ou embarquées. Elle peut ainsi notamment être appliquée pour des bâtiments tels que des habitats ou locaux industriels (tertiaires, commerciaux, ...), par exemple pour la réalisation de leurs toitures, pour la conception de mobilier urbain, par exemple pour de l'éclairage public, la signalisation routière ou encore la recharge de voitures électriques, voire également être utilisée pour des applications nomades (mobilité solaire), en particulier pour une intégration sur des véhicules, tels que voitures, bus ou bateaux, des drones, des ballons dirigeables, entre autres. The invention can be implemented for many applications, in particular civil and/or military, for example autonomous and/or on-board applications. It can thus in particular be applied to buildings such as housing or industrial premises (tertiary, commercial, etc.), for example for the construction of their roofs, for the design of street furniture, for example for public lighting. , road signs or even the charging of electric cars, or even also be used for nomadic applications (solar mobility), in particular for integration on vehicles, such as cars, buses or boats, drones, dirigible balloons, among others.
L'invention propose ainsi un procédé de fabrication d'un assemblage comprenant une cellule photovoltaïque et au moins un élément d'interconnexion, ainsi que l'utilisation d'une pluralité de tels assemblages obtenus par un tel procédé afin de former au moins une chaîne de cellules photovoltaïques pour l'obtention d'un module photovoltaïque. The invention thus proposes a method for manufacturing an assembly comprising a photovoltaic cell and at least one interconnection element, as well as the use of a plurality of such assemblies obtained by such a method in order to form at least one chain photovoltaic cells to obtain a photovoltaic module.
ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTÉRIEURE PRIOR ART
Un module photovoltaïque est un assemblage de cellules photovoltaïques disposées côte à côte entre une première couche transparente formant une face avant du module photovoltaïque et une seconde couche formant une face arrière du module photovoltaïque. A photovoltaic module is an assembly of photovoltaic cells arranged side by side between a first transparent layer forming a front face of the photovoltaic module and a second layer forming a rear face of the photovoltaic module.
Usuellement, un module photovoltaïque est constitué de chaînes ou encore chapelets, plus communément appelées « string », qui sont un assemblage de plusieurs cellules photovoltaïques connectées en série par des éléments d'interconnexion, typiquement des rubans ou des fils électriques, par exemple des rubans de cuivre étamé. Ces chaînes sont également connectées en série pour former le module photovoltaïque. Ces chaînes, permettant l'interconnexion des cellules photovoltaïques, sont typiquement obtenues par le biais d'un équipement dédié, appelé « stringer », permettant le dépôt des éléments d'interconnexion sur les cellules et l'assemblage des cellules. Usually, a photovoltaic module consists of chains or even chains, more commonly called "string", which are an assembly of several photovoltaic cells connected in series by interconnecting elements, typically ribbons or electrical wires, for example ribbons tinned copper. These strings are also connected in series to form the photovoltaic module. These chains, allowing the interconnection of the photovoltaic cells, are typically obtained by means of dedicated equipment, called a “stringer”, allowing the deposition of the interconnection elements on the cells and the assembly of the cells.
Au moins deux architectures d'interconnexion sont connues pour former les modules photovoltaïques, l'une dite « standard » et l'autre dite « monolithique ». At least two interconnection architectures are known for forming photovoltaic modules, one called “standard” and the other called “monolithic”.
L'architecture d'interconnexion standard consiste à connecter des cellules photovoltaïques, monofaciales ou bifaciales, orientées dans le même sens et placées dans le même plan. Les éléments d'interconnexion, permettant de connecter la grille de collecte (formée de doigts de collecte et de pistes conductrices appelées « busbars ») de la face arrière d'une cellule photovoltaïque avec la grille de collecte (formée de doigts de collecte et de pistes conductrices appelées « busbars ») de la face avant de la cellule photovoltaïque adjacente, doivent serpenter d'un plan à l'autre du module. Ils sont soudés sur ces faces avant et arrière et l'interconnexion des cellules deux à deux est effectuée en même temps. The standard interconnection architecture consists of connecting photovoltaic cells, monofacial or bifacial, oriented in the same direction and placed in the same plane. The interconnection elements, allowing the connection of the collection grid (formed of collection fingers and conductive tracks called "busbars") of the rear face of a photovoltaic cell with the collection grid (formed of collection fingers and conductive tracks called "busbars") of the front face of the adjacent photovoltaic cell, must meander from one plane of the module to another. They are welded on these front and rear faces and the interconnection of the cells two by two is carried out at the same time.
L'architecture d'interconnexion monolithique consiste quant à elle à connecter dans un même plan la grille de collecte de la face arrière d'une cellule photovoltaïque avec la grille de collecte de la face avant de la cellule photovoltaïque adjacente. Pour ce faire, les faces avant et les faces arrière des cellules photovoltaïques sont alternées au sein de chaque chaîne. Les éléments d'interconnexion reliant deux cellules photovoltaïques adjacentes restent ainsi dans le même plan. The monolithic interconnection architecture consists for its part of connecting in the same plane the collection grid of the rear face of a photovoltaic cell with the collection grid of the front face of the adjacent photovoltaic cell. To do this, the front faces and the rear faces of the photovoltaic cells are alternated within each string. The interconnection elements connecting two adjacent photovoltaic cells thus remain in the same plane.
Les grilles de collecte des faces avant et arrière des cellules photovoltaïques sont habituellement obtenues par impression par sérigraphie d'une pâte d'argent sur les faces avant et arrière des cellules photovoltaïques. A titre d'exemple, la figure 1 est un schéma-blocs illustrant un exemple de procédé de fabrication de cellules à hétérojonction. Les cellules à hétérojonction sont préparées à partir de plaquettes de silicium cristallin, appelées « wafer », généralement de type n. Lors d'une première étape A, ces plaquettes sont texturées par gravure alcaline humide, puis lors d'une deuxième étape B, elles sont nettoyées par nettoyage chimique humide. Des couches de silicium amorphe sont alors déposées de chaque côté par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur assisté par plasma radiofréquence (ou PECVD pour « Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition » en anglais), lors d'une troisième étape C. Ensuite, lors d'une quatrième étape D, une couche d'oxyde conducteur transparent (TCO) antireflet est déposé au- dessus des couches de silicium par dépôt physique en phase vapeur (ou encore PVD pour « Physical Vapor Deposition » en anglais). Enfin, la collecte de charges est réalisée par le biais d'une grille de contact obtenue par métallisation, généralement à base d'argent, et formée par sérigraphie lors d'une cinquième étape E. Une réticulation est mise en œuvre pour obtenir les cellules. The collection grids of the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic cells are usually obtained by screen printing a silver paste on the front and rear faces of the photovoltaic cells. By way of example, Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a heterojunction cell fabrication process. Heterojunction cells are prepared from crystalline silicon wafers, called “wafers”, generally n-type. During a first step A, these wafers are textured by wet alkaline etching, then during a second step B, they are cleaned by wet chemical cleaning. Layers of amorphous silicon are then deposited on each side by chemical vapor deposition assisted by radiofrequency plasma (or PECVD for "Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition" in English), during a third step C. Then, during a fourth step D, an antireflection transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer is deposited above the silicon layers by physical vapor deposition (or even PVD for “Physical Vapor Deposition”). Finally, the collection of charges is carried out by means of a contact grid obtained by metallization, generally based on silver, and formed by screen printing during a fifth step E. A crosslinking is implemented to obtain the cells .
Une fois les cellules à hétérojonction ainsi obtenues, elles sont interconnectées en série, comme décrit précédemment, par le biais d'un procédé basse température. En particulier, des colles électriquement conductrices (ou ECA pour « Electrically Conductive Adhesive » en anglais) sont utilisées pour assembler les cellules et l'élément d'interconnexion, notamment le ruban d'interconnexion, de sorte à créer une chaîne de cellules. La colle ECA est déposée sur les cellules photovoltaïques par sérigraphie. Ensuite, une fois le ruban d'interconnexion déposé sur les cellules, la colle ECA est réticulée par chauffage, à une température inférieure à 200°C, pour créer l'adhésion entre cellules et ruban. A titre d'exemple, l'assemblage de cellules photovoltaïques par le biais d'un « stringer » avec utilisation de colle ECA en sérigraphie est décrit dans la demande de brevet européen EP 2 793 275 A2. Once the heterojunction cells are thus obtained, they are interconnected in series, as previously described, by means of a low temperature process. In particular, electrically conductive adhesives (or ECA for “Electrically Conductive Adhesive” in English) are used to assemble the cells and the interconnection element, in particular the interconnection ribbon, so as to create a chain of cells. ECA glue is deposited on the photovoltaic cells by screen printing. Then, once the interconnect tape has been deposited on the cells, the ECA adhesive is cross-linked by heating, at a temperature below 200° C., to create adhesion between the cells and the tape. By way of example, the assembly of photovoltaic cells by means of a “stringer” with the use of ECA glue in screen printing is described in European patent application EP 2 793 275 A2.
L'ensemble des chaînes de cellules photovoltaïques obtenu est par la suite placé entre la première couche formant la face avant du module photovoltaïque et la deuxième couche formant la face arrière du module photovoltaïque. La structure ainsi formée est alors soumise à une étape dite de lamination sous vide, à une température supérieure ou égale à 120°C, voire 140°C, voire encore 150°C, et inférieure ou égale à 170°C, typiquement comprise entre 145 et 165°C, et pendant une durée du cycle de lamination d'au moins 10 minutes, voire 15 minutes, de sorte à obtenir le module photovoltaïque. The set of chains of photovoltaic cells obtained is subsequently placed between the first layer forming the front face of the photovoltaic module and the second layer forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module. The structure thus formed is then subjected to a so-called vacuum lamination step, at a temperature greater than or equal to 120°C, or even 140°C, or even 150°C, and less than or equal to 170° C., typically between 145 and 165° C., and for a duration of the lamination cycle of at least 10 minutes, or even 15 minutes, so as to obtain the photovoltaic module.
Ainsi, la fabrication d'un module photovoltaïque nécessite un nombre important d'étapes, complexes, longues et coûteuses, et met en œuvre un nombre conséquent de paramètres physico-chimiques à maîtriser. Aussi, il existe un besoin pour améliorer encore un tel processus, et notamment pour le simplifier. Thus, the manufacture of a photovoltaic module requires a large number of steps, which are complex, long and costly, and implements a substantial number of physico-chemical parameters to be controlled. Also, there is a need to further improve such a process, and in particular to simplify it.
EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTION DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
L'invention a donc pour but de remédier au moins partiellement aux besoins mentionnés précédemment et aux inconvénients relatifs aux réalisations de l'art antérieur. The object of the invention is therefore to remedy, at least partially, the needs mentioned above and the drawbacks relating to the embodiments of the prior art.
L'invention a ainsi pour objet, selon l'un de ses aspects, un procédé de fabrication d'un assemblage formé d'une cellule photovoltaïque et d'au moins un élément d'interconnexion, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte successivement : The invention thus relates, according to one of its aspects, to a method of manufacturing an assembly formed of a photovoltaic cell and of at least one interconnection element, characterized in that it successively comprises:
- une étape de métallisation et de séchage de la face avant et/ou la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque pour former une grille de contact métallique, - a step of metallization and drying of the front face and/or the rear face of the photovoltaic cell to form a metallic contact grid,
- une étape de dépôt d'une colle électriquement conductrice sur la face avant et/ou la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque, - a step of depositing an electrically conductive glue on the front face and/or the rear face of the photovoltaic cell,
- une étape de dépôt d'au moins un élément d'interconnexion, notamment sur la face avant et/ou la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque, - a step of depositing at least one interconnection element, in particular on the front face and/or the rear face of the photovoltaic cell,
- une étape de réticulation, notamment à haute température, de la face avant et/ou la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque. - a crosslinking step, in particular at high temperature, of the front face and/or the rear face of the photovoltaic cell.
Par ailleurs, l'invention a aussi pour objet, selon un autre de ses aspects, l'utilisation d'une pluralité d'assemblages, chacun formé d'une cellule photovoltaïque et d'au moins un élément d'interconnexion, obtenus par le procédé de fabrication tel que défini précédemment, pour former au moins une chaîne de cellules photovoltaïques à intégrer dans un module photovoltaïque, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte l'étape consistant à disposer les assemblages côte à côte et à interconnecter les assemblages de sorte à les relier électriquement entre eux. De plus, l'invention a également pour objet, selon un autre de ses aspects, un procédé d'interconnexion d'au moins deux assemblages, chacun formé d'une cellule photovoltaïque et d'au moins un élément d'interconnexion, obtenus par le procédé de fabrication tel que défini précédemment, dans lequel lesdits au moins deux assemblages sont disposés côte à côte et interconnecter de sorte à les relier électriquement entre eux. Furthermore, the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to the use of a plurality of assemblies, each formed of a photovoltaic cell and of at least one interconnection element, obtained by the manufacturing method as defined previously, to form at least one chain of photovoltaic cells to be integrated into a photovoltaic module, characterized in that it comprises the step consisting in arranging the assemblies side by side and interconnecting the assemblies so as to connect them electrically to each other. In addition, the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a method for interconnecting at least two assemblies, each formed of a photovoltaic cell and at least one interconnection element, obtained by the manufacturing method as defined above, in which said at least two assemblies are arranged side by side and interconnected so as to electrically connect them together.
Avantageusement, l'invention peut permettre de réduire le nombre d'étapes de fabrication d'un module photovoltaïque, et notamment supprimer le besoin d'une étape de formation de chaînes de cellules photovoltaïques (ou « strings ») par le biais d'un équipement correspondant (« stringer »). L'étape de dépose des éléments d'interconnexion est avantageusement combinée à une étape de métallisation de sorte à obtenir, comme produit final sortant des lignes cellules, des cellules métallisées comprenant des éléments d'interconnexion. L'interconnexion des cellules entre elles peut alors se faire lors du montage du module photovoltaïque. Advantageously, the invention can make it possible to reduce the number of manufacturing steps of a photovoltaic module, and in particular eliminate the need for a step of forming chains of photovoltaic cells (or "strings") by means of a corresponding equipment (“stringer”). The step of depositing the interconnection elements is advantageously combined with a metallization step so as to obtain, as final product emerging from the cell lines, metallized cells comprising interconnection elements. The interconnection of the cells with each other can then take place during the assembly of the photovoltaic module.
Le procédé de fabrication, l'utilisation et le procédé d'interconnexion selon l'invention peuvent en outre comporter l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes prises isolément ou suivant toutes combinaisons techniques possibles. The manufacturing method, the use and the interconnection method according to the invention may also comprise one or more of the following characteristics taken in isolation or in any possible technical combination.
La ou les étapes de réticulation sont avantageusement des étapes de traitement thermique permettant de réticuler, notamment en une seule fois, la métallisation et la colle électriquement conductrice, afin notamment de fixer ledit au moins un élément d'interconnexion à la cellule photovoltaïque. Les conditions peuvent alors avantageusement être adaptées pour permettre cette double réticulation. En particulier, la haute température est avantageusement plus élevée que la température nécessaire pour la seule réticulation de la colle électriquement conductrice. The crosslinking step or steps are advantageously heat treatment steps making it possible to crosslink, in particular all at once, the metallization and the electrically conductive adhesive, in order in particular to fix said at least one interconnection element to the photovoltaic cell. The conditions can then advantageously be adapted to allow this double crosslinking. In particular, the high temperature is advantageously higher than the temperature necessary for the crosslinking of the electrically conductive glue alone.
La ou les cellules photovoltaïques peuvent être choisies parmi : des cellules photovoltaïques homojonction ou hétérojonction à base de silicium monocristallin (c-Si) et/ou multi-cristallin (mc-Si), et/ou des cellules photovoltaïques de type IBC (pour « Interdigitated Back Contact » en anglais), qui sont des structures pour lesquelles les contacts sont réalisés sur la face arrière de la cellule en forme de peignes interdigités, et/ou des cellules photovoltaïques comprenant au moins un matériau parmi le silicium amorphe (a-Si), le silicium microcristallin (pC-Si), le tellurure de cadmium (CdTe), le cuivre-indium séléniure (CIS), le cuivre-indium/gallium diséléniure (CIGS), et les perovskites, entre autres. The photovoltaic cell(s) can be chosen from: homojunction or heterojunction photovoltaic cells based on monocrystalline (c-Si) and/or multi-crystalline (mc-Si) silicon, and/or photovoltaic cells of the IBC type (for Interdigitated Back Contact” in English), which are structures for which the contacts are made on the rear face of the cell in the form of interdigitated combs, and/or photovoltaic cells comprising at least one material from among amorphous silicon (a-Si ), microcrystalline silicon (pC-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper-indium selenide (CIS), copper-indium/gallium diselenide (CIGS), and perovskites, among others.
Avantageusement, la ou les cellules photovoltaïques sont des cellules photovoltaïques à hétérojonction à base de silicium monocristallin (c-Si) et/ou multi- cristallin (mc-Si). Advantageously, the photovoltaic cell or cells are heterojunction photovoltaic cells based on monocrystalline (c-Si) and/or multi-crystalline (mc-Si) silicon.
Le ou les éléments d'interconnexion peuvent être des rubans, notamment des rubans en cuivre étamé, et/ou des fils électriques. The interconnection element(s) may be ribbons, in particular tinned copper ribbons, and/or electric wires.
L'étape de métallisation peut avantageusement être réalisée par sérigraphie, notamment d'une pâte à base d'argent, de cuivre et/ou d'aluminium ou tout autre type de base. De plus, l'étape de dépôt d'une colle électriquement conductrice peut avantageusement être réalisée par sérigraphie, jet d'encre et/ou stencil. The metallization step can advantageously be carried out by screen printing, in particular of a paste based on silver, copper and/or aluminum or any other type of base. In addition, the step of depositing an electrically conductive glue can advantageously be carried out by screen printing, ink jet and/or stencil.
La colle électriquement conductrice peut par exemple être choisie parmi des colles comprenant des particules conductrices, par exemple des particules d'argent et/ou de cuivre, des nanotubes de carbone ou des nanofils d'argent, ou encore une matrice polymère, par exemple de type acrylate, époxy ou silicone. The electrically conductive glue can for example be chosen from glues comprising conductive particles, for example silver and/or copper particles, carbon nanotubes or silver nanowires, or even a polymer matrix, for example acrylate, epoxy or silicone type.
Par ailleurs, l'étape de dépôt d'au moins un élément d'interconnexion sur la face avant et/ou la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque peut comporter le positionnement dudit au moins un élément d'interconnexion sur ladite face avant et/ou face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque avec dépassement dudit au moins un élément d'interconnexion par rapport à au moins l'un de deux bords opposés de la cellule photovoltaïque. Furthermore, the step of depositing at least one interconnection element on the front face and/or the rear face of the photovoltaic cell can include the positioning of said at least one interconnection element on the said front face and/or rear face of the photovoltaic cell with said at least one interconnection element protruding from at least one of two opposite edges of the photovoltaic cell.
Selon une réalisation privilégiée, le procédé de fabrication selon l'invention peut comporter successivement : According to a preferred embodiment, the manufacturing method according to the invention may successively comprise:
- une première étape de métallisation de l'une de la face avant et de la face arrière, notamment la face arrière, de la cellule photovoltaïque pour former une grille de contact métallique, - a first step of metallization of one of the front face and the rear face, in particular the rear face, of the photovoltaic cell to form a metallic contact grid,
- une première étape de séchage de ladite l'une de la face avant et de la face arrière, notamment la face arrière, de la cellule photovoltaïque, - a first step of drying said one of the front face and the rear face, in particular the rear face, of the photovoltaic cell,
- éventuellement, une étape de retournement de la cellule photovoltaïque, - une deuxième étape de métallisation de l'autre de la face avant et de la face arrière, notamment la face avant, de la cellule photovoltaïque pour former une grille de contact métallique, - optionally, a step of reversing the photovoltaic cell, - a second step of metallization of the other of the front face and the rear face, in particular the front face, of the photovoltaic cell to form a metallic contact grid,
- une deuxième étape de séchage de ladite l'autre de la face avant et de la face arrière, notamment la face avant, de la cellule photovoltaïque, - a second step of drying said other of the front face and the rear face, in particular the front face, of the photovoltaic cell,
- une première étape de dépôt d'une colle électriquement conductrice sur ladite l'autre de la face avant et la face arrière, notamment la face avant, de la cellule photovoltaïque, - a first step of depositing an electrically conductive glue on said other of the front face and the rear face, in particular the front face, of the photovoltaic cell,
- éventuellement, une étape de retournement de la cellule photovoltaïque,- optionally, a step of reversing the photovoltaic cell,
- une deuxième étape de dépôt d'une colle électriquement conductrice sur ladite l'une de la face avant et de la face arrière, notamment la face arrière, de la cellule photovoltaïque, - a second step of depositing an electrically conductive glue on said one of the front face and the rear face, in particular the rear face, of the photovoltaic cell,
- une première étape de dépôt d'au moins un élément d'interconnexion sur ladite l'une de la face arrière et de la face avant, notamment la face arrière, de la cellule photovoltaïque, - a first step of depositing at least one interconnection element on said one of the rear face and the front face, in particular the rear face, of the photovoltaic cell,
- une deuxième étape de dépôt d'au moins un élément d'interconnexion sur ladite l'autre de la face avant et de la face arrière, notamment la face avant, de la cellule photovoltaïque, - a second step of depositing at least one interconnection element on said other of the front face and the rear face, in particular the front face, of the photovoltaic cell,
- une première étape de réticulation de la métallisation et de la colle électriquement conductrice, notamment à haute température, de ladite l'une de la face arrière et de la face avant, notamment la face arrière, de la cellule photovoltaïque et une deuxième étape de réticulation de la métallisation et de la colle électriquement conductrice, notamment à haute température, de ladite l'autre de la face avant et de la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque, notamment la face avant, les première et deuxième étapes de réticulation étant notamment réalisées de façon simultanée. - a first step of crosslinking the metallization and the electrically conductive adhesive, in particular at high temperature, of said one of the rear face and of the front face, in particular the rear face, of the photovoltaic cell and a second step of crosslinking of the metallization and of the electrically conductive adhesive, in particular at high temperature, of said other of the front face and of the rear face of the photovoltaic cell, in particular the front face, the first and second crosslinking steps being carried out in particular simultaneously.
Avantageusement, les première et deuxième étapes de réticulation peuvent être mises en œuvre à une température comprise entre 200°C et 250°C, pendant une durée comprise entre 10 minutes et 15 minutes. Advantageously, the first and second crosslinking steps can be implemented at a temperature of between 200° C. and 250° C., for a period of between 10 minutes and 15 minutes.
En outre, l'interconnexion peut être réalisée selon une architecture d'interconnexion standard. Ainsi, un élément d'interconnexion de la face avant d'une cellule photovoltaïque peut être connecté avec un élément d'interconnexion de la face arrière d'une cellule photovoltaïque adjacente par le biais d'un élément conducteur positionné dans l'espace inter-cellules, chaque élément d'interconnexion étant notamment soudé à l'élément conducteur. Furthermore, the interconnection can be made according to a standard interconnection architecture. Thus, an interconnection element of the front face of a photovoltaic cell can be connected with an interconnection element of the rear face of an adjacent photovoltaic cell by means of a conductive element positioned in the inter-cell space, each interconnection element being in particular welded to the element driver.
L'interconnexion peut encore être réalisée selon une architecture d'interconnexion monolithique. Ainsi, un élément d'interconnexion de la face avant d'une cellule photovoltaïque peut être connecté avec un élément d'interconnexion de la face arrière d'une cellule photovoltaïque adjacente par superposition et assemblage des éléments d'interconnexion entre eux, notamment par soudure, par exemple infrarouge ou ultrasons. The interconnection can still be made according to a monolithic interconnection architecture. Thus, an interconnection element of the front face of a photovoltaic cell can be connected with an interconnection element of the rear face of an adjacent photovoltaic cell by superimposing and assembling the interconnection elements together, in particular by welding , for example infrared or ultrasound.
L'interconnexion peut également être réalisée par le biais de motifs conducteurs incorporés dans une couche dédiée du module photovoltaïque, notamment une couche d'encapsulant et/ou une couche arrière du module photovoltaïque, coopérant avec le ou les éléments d'interconnexion. The interconnection can also be made by means of conductive patterns incorporated in a dedicated layer of the photovoltaic module, in particular an encapsulant layer and/or a rear layer of the photovoltaic module, cooperating with the interconnection element(s).
Par ailleurs, ladite au moins une chaîne de cellules photovoltaïques peut être encapsulée par le biais d'un ensemble encapsulant dans lequel ladite au moins une chaîne de cellules photovoltaïques est incorporée. Furthermore, said at least one chain of photovoltaic cells can be encapsulated by means of an encapsulating assembly in which said at least one chain of photovoltaic cells is incorporated.
De plus, l'ensemble encapsulant ladite au moins une chaîne de cellules photovoltaïques peut être positionné entre une première couche transparente formant la face avant du module photovoltaïque, destinée à recevoir un flux lumineux, et une deuxième couche formant la face arrière du module photovoltaïque, et l'ensemble des couches ainsi formées peut être soumis à un procédé de lamination sous vide, notamment à une température supérieure ou égale à 120°C, voire 140°C, voire encore 150°C, et inférieure ou égale à 170°C, typiquement comprise entre 145 et 165°C, et pendant une durée du cycle de lamination d'au moins 10 minutes, voire 15 minutes, de sorte à obtenir le module photovoltaïque. BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS In addition, the assembly encapsulating said at least one chain of photovoltaic cells can be positioned between a first transparent layer forming the front face of the photovoltaic module, intended to receive a luminous flux, and a second layer forming the rear face of the photovoltaic module, and all of the layers thus formed can be subjected to a vacuum lamination process, in particular at a temperature greater than or equal to 120°C, or even 140°C, or even 150°C, and less than or equal to 170°C , typically between 145 and 165° C., and for a duration of the lamination cycle of at least 10 minutes, or even 15 minutes, so as to obtain the photovoltaic module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
L'invention pourra être mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, d'exemples de mise en œuvre non limitatifs de celle-ci, ainsi qu'à l'examen des figures, schématiques et partielles, du dessin annexé, sur lequel : The invention can be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows, of non-limiting examples of implementation thereof, as well as on examining the figures, schematic and partial, of the appended drawing, on which :
- la figure 1 est un schéma-blocs illustrant un exemple de procédé de fabrication de cellules à hétérojonction, - Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of heterojunction cell manufacturing process,
- la figure 2 est un schéma-blocs illustrant un exemple de procédé de fabrication d'un assemblage conforme à l'invention, - Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a method of manufacturing an assembly according to the invention,
- la figure 3 représente, selon une vue en coupe, un exemple d'assemblage obtenu par le procédé de fabrication illustré sur la figure 2, - Figure 3 shows, in a sectional view, an example of assembly obtained by the manufacturing method illustrated in Figure 2,
- la figure 4 illustre, selon une vue en coupe, un exemple d'utilisation de plusieurs assemblages obtenus par un procédé de fabrication conforme à l'invention pour l'obtention d'une chaîne de cellules photovoltaïques selon une architecture d'interconnexion monolithique, - Figure 4 illustrates, in a sectional view, an example of the use of several assemblies obtained by a manufacturing method according to the invention for obtaining a chain of photovoltaic cells according to a monolithic interconnection architecture,
- la figure 5 illustre, selon une vue en coupe, un exemple d'utilisation de plusieurs assemblages obtenus par un procédé de fabrication conforme à l'invention pour l'obtention d'une chaîne de cellules photovoltaïques selon une architecture d'interconnexion standard, - Figure 5 illustrates, in a sectional view, an example of the use of several assemblies obtained by a manufacturing method in accordance with the invention for obtaining a string of photovoltaic cells according to a standard interconnection architecture,
- la figure 6 représente, selon une vue de face, un exemple de couche dédiée, ici une couche d'encapsulant, comprenant des motifs conducteurs pour l'interconnexion de plusieurs assemblages obtenus par un procédé de fabrication conforme à l'invention, - Figure 6 shows, in a front view, an example of a dedicated layer, here an encapsulant layer, comprising conductive patterns for the interconnection of several assemblies obtained by a manufacturing method according to the invention,
- la figure 7 illustre, selon une vue en coupe, un premier exemple de motif conducteur parmi ceux de la figure 6, et - Figure 7 illustrates, in a sectional view, a first example of a conductive pattern among those of Figure 6, and
- la figure 8 illustre, selon une vue en coupe, un deuxième exemple de motif conducteur parmi ceux de la figure 6. - Figure 8 illustrates, in a sectional view, a second example of a conductive pattern among those of Figure 6.
Dans l'ensemble de ces figures, des références identiques peuvent désigner des éléments identiques ou analogues. In all of these figures, identical references can designate identical or similar elements.
De plus, les différentes parties représentées sur les figures ne le sont pas nécessairement selon une échelle uniforme, pour rendre les figures plus lisibles. EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERS In addition, the various parts shown in the figures are not necessarily shown on a uniform scale, to make the figures more readable. DETAILED DISCUSSION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
La figure 1 a déjà été décrite dans la partie relative à l'état de la technique antérieure. Les figures 2 à 8 permettent d'illustrer le principe de l'invention. FIG. 1 has already been described in the part relating to the state of the prior art. Figures 2 to 8 illustrate the principle of the invention.
On considère ici que les cellules photovoltaïques 4 sont des cellules à hétérojonction. De plus, les éléments d'interconnexion 6 sont préférentiellement des rubans, notamment des rubans en cuivre étamé. Toutefois, ces choix ne sont pas limitatifs. It is considered here that the photovoltaic cells 4 are heterojunction cells. In addition, the interconnection elements 6 are preferably ribbons, in particular tinned copper ribbons. However, these choices are not limiting.
La figure 2 est un schéma-blocs qui permet d'illustrer un exemple de procédé de fabrication d'un assemblage 1 conforme à l'invention, comprenant une cellule photovoltaïque 4 et deux rubans d'interconnexion 6 respectivement sur la face avant et la face arrière de la cellule 4, cet assemblage 1 étant représenté en coupe sur la figure 3. FIG. 2 is a block diagram which makes it possible to illustrate an example of a method of manufacturing an assembly 1 in accordance with the invention, comprising a photovoltaic cell 4 and two interconnecting ribbons 6 respectively on the front face and the face rear of the cell 4, this assembly 1 being shown in section in Figure 3.
De façon générale, le procédé de fabrication conforme à l'invention se caractérise par la succession d'étapes spécifiques : une étape de métallisation Ml, M2 et de séchage SI, S2 de la face avant et/ou la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque 4 pour former une grille de contact métallique ; une étape de dépôt d'une colle électriquement conductrice Cl, C2, en particulier une colle de type ECA (« Electrically Conductive Adhesive »), sur la face avant et/ou la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque 4 ; une étape de dépôt El, E2 d'au moins un élément d'interconnexion 6 sur la face avant et/ou la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque 4 ; et une étape de réticulation RI, R2 à haute température de la face avant et/ou la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque 4. In general, the manufacturing process in accordance with the invention is characterized by the succession of specific steps: a step of metallization M1, M2 and of drying S1, S2 of the front face and/or the rear face of the photovoltaic cell 4 to form a metal contact grid; a step of depositing an electrically conductive adhesive C1, C2, in particular an adhesive of the ECA ("Electrically Conductive Adhesive") type, on the front face and/or the rear face of the photovoltaic cell 4; a step of depositing El, E2 of at least one interconnection element 6 on the front face and/or the rear face of the photovoltaic cell 4; and a step of crosslinking R1, R2 at high temperature of the front face and/or the rear face of the photovoltaic cell 4.
Plus précisément sur l'exemple de la figure 2, le procédé de fabrication de l'assemblage 1, comprenant une cellule photovoltaïque 4 et deux rubans 6 d'interconnexion (voir figure 3), comporte tout d'abord successivement : More specifically in the example of Figure 2, the manufacturing process of the assembly 1, comprising a photovoltaic cell 4 and two ribbons 6 of interconnection (see Figure 3), comprises first of all successively:
- une première étape de métallisation Ml de la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque 4 pour former une grille de contact métallique, comprenant les doigts de collecte et les pistes conductrices appelées « busbars », consistant notamment à imprimer par sérigraphie une pâte d'argent, de cuivre et/ou d'aluminium ou tout autre type de base, - une première étape de séchage SI de la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque 4, cette étape permettant notamment de retirer le solvant contenu dans la pâte d'argent, de cuivre et/ou d'aluminium ou tout autre type de base, - a first step of metallization M1 of the rear face of the photovoltaic cell 4 to form a metal contact grid, comprising the collection fingers and the conductive tracks called "busbars", consisting in particular of printing a silver paste by screen printing, copper and/or aluminum or any other type of base, - a first step of drying SI of the rear face of the photovoltaic cell 4, this step making it possible in particular to remove the solvent contained in the paste of silver, copper and/or aluminum or any other type of base,
- une deuxième étape de métallisation M2 de la face avant de la cellule photovoltaïque 4 pour former une grille de contact métallique, comprenant les doigts de collecte et les pistes conductrices appelées « busbars », consistant notamment à imprimer par sérigraphie une pâte d'argent, de cuivre et/ou d'aluminium ou tout autre type de base. - a second step M2 of metallization of the front face of the photovoltaic cell 4 to form a metal contact grid, comprising the collection fingers and the conductive tracks called "busbars", consisting in particular of printing a silver paste by screen printing, copper and/or aluminum or any other type of base.
Ces trois premières étapes sont des étapes classiques du processus de métallisation des faces avant/arrière d'une cellule photovoltaïque 4. Elles sont habituellement suivies d'une étape de réticulation pour obtenir la cellule photovoltaïque 4 qui sera ensuite introduite dans un « stringer » tel que décrit précédemment pour former les chaînes de cellules photovoltaïques 4 et ensuite le module photovoltaïque. These first three steps are standard steps in the process of metallization of the front/rear faces of a photovoltaic cell 4. They are usually followed by a crosslinking step to obtain the photovoltaic cell 4 which will then be introduced into a “stringer” such as as previously described to form the chains of photovoltaic cells 4 and then the photovoltaic module.
Au contraire, selon le principe de l'invention, ces trois premières étapes sont successivement suivies par : On the contrary, according to the principle of the invention, these first three steps are successively followed by:
- une deuxième étape de séchage S2 de la face avant de la cellule photovoltaïque 4, cette étape permettant notamment de retirer le solvant contenu dans la pâte d'argent, de cuivre et/ou d'aluminium ou tout autre type de base, - a second drying step S2 of the front face of the photovoltaic cell 4, this step making it possible in particular to remove the solvent contained in the silver, copper and/or aluminum paste or any other type of base,
- une première étape de dépôt d'une colle électriquement conductrice Cl sur la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque 4, à savoir une colle de type ECA déposée par sérigraphie, jet d'encre et/ou stencil, par exemple par le biais d'une table rotative à six plateaux, et une deuxième étape de dépôt d'une colle électriquement conductrice C2 sur la face avant de la cellule photovoltaïque 4, à savoir une colle de type ECA déposée par sérigraphie, jet d'encre et/ou stencil, par exemple par le biais d'une table rotative à six plateaux, - a first step of depositing an electrically conductive glue Cl on the rear face of the photovoltaic cell 4, namely an ECA type glue deposited by screen printing, inkjet and/or stencil, for example by means of a rotary table with six trays, and a second step of depositing an electrically conductive glue C2 on the front face of the photovoltaic cell 4, namely an ECA type glue deposited by screen printing, inkjet and/or stencil, for example through a rotary table with six trays,
- une première étape de dépôt El d'un ruban d'interconnexion 6 sur la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque 4 et une deuxième étape de dépôt E2 d'un ruban d'interconnexion 6 sur la face avant de la cellule photovoltaïque 4, - a first step of depositing El of an interconnection ribbon 6 on the rear face of the photovoltaic cell 4 and a second step of depositing E2 of an interconnection ribbon 6 on the front face of the photovoltaic cell 4,
- une première étape de réticulation RI à haute température de la face arrière de la cellule photovoltaïque 4 et une deuxième étape de réticulation R2 à haute température de la face avant de la cellule photovoltaïque 4, les deux étapes de réticulation RI, R2 pouvant être simultanées dans un même four. - a first stage of crosslinking RI at high temperature of the rear face of the photovoltaic cell 4 and a second stage of crosslinking R2 at high temperature of the front face of the photovoltaic cell 4, the two crosslinking steps R1, R2 possibly being simultaneous in the same oven.
De façon avantageuse, lors des étapes El, E2 de dépôt des rubans d'interconnexion 6, le positionnement de ceux-ci est réalisé avec dépassement des rubans 6 par rapport à au moins l'un des deux bords opposés de la cellule photovoltaïque 4. Autrement dit, comme visible sur la figure 3, chaque élément d'interconnexion 6, ici sous forme de ruban, comporte une portion libre 6a non superposée à la cellule photovoltaïque 4. En particulier, chaque élément d'interconnexion 6 peut présenter une longueur supérieure à celle de la cellule photovoltaïque 4. De plus, la cellule photovoltaïque 4 peut comporter une portion 4a, notamment sur chacune de ses faces avant et arrière, sur laquelle le ou les éléments d'interconnexion 6 ne sont pas superposés. L'intérêt de pouvoir disposer d'une portion libre 6a du ruban 6 est de pouvoir faciliter l'interconnexion des cellules photovoltaïques 4 lors de leur utilisation, décrite par la suite en référence aux figures 4 et 5. Advantageously, during steps E1, E2 of depositing the interconnecting strips 6, the positioning thereof is carried out with the strips 6 protruding with respect to at least one of the two opposite edges of the photovoltaic cell 4. In other words, as seen in Figure 3, each interconnection element 6, here in the form of a ribbon, comprises a free portion 6a not superimposed on the photovoltaic cell 4. In particular, each interconnection element 6 may have a greater length to that of the photovoltaic cell 4. In addition, the photovoltaic cell 4 may comprise a portion 4a, in particular on each of its front and rear faces, on which the interconnection element(s) 6 are not superimposed. The advantage of being able to have a free portion 6a of the ribbon 6 is to be able to facilitate the interconnection of the photovoltaic cells 4 during their use, described later with reference to Figures 4 and 5.
Avantageusement, l'intégration du ruban 6 sur la cellule photovoltaïque 4 est ainsi réalisée très tôt dans le procédé de fabrication du module photovoltaïque, en amont de la mise en module, à savoir lors de la fabrication de la cellule photovoltaïque 4. En particulier, l'ajout du ruban 6 est réalisé dans la continuité de l'étape de métallisation Ml, M2 et avant l'étape de réticulation RI, R2, notamment de la pâte conductrice d'argent, de cuivre et/ou d'aluminium ou tout autre type de base, imprimée par sérigraphie lors de la métallisation. De plus, l'adhésif permettant la fixation du ruban 6, sous forme de colle électriquement conductrice (ECA), est aussi déposé avant l'étape de réticulation RI, R2, donc sur une pâte conductrice de métallisation non réticulée. Aussi, il est possible d'améliorer le contact électrique en mixant les particules conductrices et en améliorant la percolation. La réticulation de la pâte de métallisation et la réticulation de la colle ECA peuvent donc être réalisées en même temps. Advantageously, the integration of the strip 6 on the photovoltaic cell 4 is thus carried out very early in the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module, upstream of the module layout, namely during the manufacture of the photovoltaic cell 4. In particular, the addition of the ribbon 6 is carried out following the metallization step M1, M2 and before the crosslinking step R1, R2, in particular the conductive paste of silver, copper and/or aluminum or any another type of base, printed by screen printing during metallization. In addition, the adhesive allowing the fixing of the strip 6, in the form of electrically conductive adhesive (ECA), is also deposited before the crosslinking step R1, R2, therefore on a non-crosslinked metallization conductive paste. Also, it is possible to improve the electrical contact by mixing the conductive particles and by improving the percolation. The crosslinking of the metallization paste and the crosslinking of the ECA glue can therefore be carried out at the same time.
Il faut noter que l'étape de réticulation RI, R2 permet de réaliser le contact électrique et mécanique du ruban 6 sur la cellule photovoltaïque 4 et de réaliser la réticulation de la pâte de métallisation. Il est donc possible de réaliser deux étapes du procédé de fabrication en une seule tout en économisant sur l'équipement nécessaire. De plus, la réticulation de la colle ECA, d'une durée très courte inférieure à 30 secondes, peut être réalisée simultanément à celle des pâtes de métallisation, d'une durée plus longue d'environ 10 minutes, ce qui peut permettre d'ouvrir le choix des matériaux utilisés. La haute température utilisée est alors plus élevée que la température qui serait nécessaire pour la seule réticulation de la colle ECA. It should be noted that the crosslinking step R1, R2 makes it possible to achieve the electrical and mechanical contact of the ribbon 6 on the photovoltaic cell 4 and to carry out the crosslinking of the metallization paste. It is therefore possible to carry out two stages of the manufacturing process in one while saving on the necessary equipment. Of moreover, the crosslinking of the ECA adhesive, with a very short duration of less than 30 seconds, can be carried out simultaneously with that of the metallization pastes, with a longer duration of about 10 minutes, which can make it possible to open the choice of materials used. The high temperature used is then higher than the temperature which would be necessary for the crosslinking of the ECA glue alone.
Le produit final obtenu n'est donc plus une simple cellule photovoltaïque 4 « nue » mais un assemblage 1 comprenant la cellule 4 et les rubans 6, ce qui peut permettre de faciliter et d'améliorer la précision de la mesure des performances des cellules photovoltaïques 4. The final product obtained is therefore no longer a simple "bare" photovoltaic cell 4 but an assembly 1 comprising the cell 4 and the ribbons 6, which can facilitate and improve the precision of the measurement of the performance of the photovoltaic cells. 4.
Avantageusement, l'invention permet ainsi notamment de faciliter la caractérisation des cellules photovoltaïques 4, de limiter la manipulation des cellules et notamment des chaînes de cellules photovoltaïques 4 de sorte à réduire le risque de casse, de permettre le remplacement d'une cellule défaillante sans nécessiter le remplacement de toute la chaîne de cellules fabriquée, entre autres. Advantageously, the invention thus makes it possible in particular to facilitate the characterization of the photovoltaic cells 4, to limit the manipulation of the cells and in particular of the chains of photovoltaic cells 4 so as to reduce the risk of breakage, to allow the replacement of a faulty cell without require the replacement of the entire chain of manufactured cells, among other things.
Il faut noter que les étapes de séchage SI et S2 correspondent au séchage de la métallisation qui doit permettre de manipuler la cellule et de la poser sur des supports sans que la pâte de métallisation salisse le socle. En général, ces étapes peuvent être réalisées à une température comprise entre 170°C et 200°C, pendant 30 secondes. Les températures peuvent aussi être plus faibles, par exemple entre 120°C et 130°C pendant 5 à 10 minutes pour des cellules PV plus sensibles à la température, telles que celles comprenant des pérovskites par exemple. It should be noted that the drying steps S1 and S2 correspond to the drying of the metallization which must make it possible to handle the cell and to place it on supports without the metallization paste soiling the base. In general, these steps can be carried out at a temperature between 170° C. and 200° C., for 30 seconds. The temperatures can also be lower, for example between 120° C. and 130° C. for 5 to 10 minutes for PV cells that are more sensitive to temperature, such as those comprising perovskites for example.
De plus, les étapes de réticulation RI et R2 permettent à la fois la réticulation de la métallisation et de la colle ECA. Comme ces deux étapes sont avantageusement combinées ou simultanées, la gamme de température applicable est la plus élevée et donc celle de la réticulation de la métallisation, en générale comprise entre 200°C et 250°C pendant 10 à 15 minutes mais cette gamme peut aussi être amenée à baisser dans le futur avec des types de cellules plus sensibles à la température telles que celles comprenant des pérovskites par exemple. In addition, the crosslinking steps R1 and R2 allow both the crosslinking of the metallization and of the ECA glue. As these two steps are advantageously combined or simultaneous, the applicable temperature range is the highest and therefore that of the crosslinking of the metallization, generally between 200 ° C and 250 ° C for 10 to 15 minutes but this range can also be reduced in the future with types of cells more sensitive to temperature such as those comprising perovskites for example.
Par ailleurs, la figure 4 illustre, selon une vue en coupe, un exemple d'utilisation de plusieurs assemblages 1 obtenus par un tel procédé de fabrication conforme à l'invention de sorte à obtenir une chaîne S de cellules photovoltaïques 4 selon une architecture d'interconnexion monolithique. Furthermore, FIG. 4 illustrates, in a sectional view, an example of the use of several assemblies 1 obtained by such a manufacturing method according to the invention so as to obtain a chain S of photovoltaic cells 4 according to a monolithic interconnection architecture.
Comme décrit précédemment, ce type d'architecture monolithique consiste à interconnecter dans un même plan la grille de collecte de la face arrière d'une cellule photovoltaïque 4 avec la grille de collecte de la face avant de la cellule photovoltaïque 4 adjacente. Précisément, un élément d'interconnexion 6 de la face avant d'une cellule photovoltaïque 4 est connecté avec un élément d'interconnexion 6 de la face arrière d'une cellule photovoltaïque 4 adjacente, dans un même plan, par superposition et assemblage des éléments d'interconnexion 6 entre eux. La figure 4 représente les zones de superposition ZS formées au niveau desquelles se fait la connexion entre les éléments d'interconnexion 6. Cette connexion est avantageusement réalisée par soudure, par exemple soudure infrarouge, ultrasons ou induction. As described previously, this type of monolithic architecture consists in interconnecting in the same plane the collection grid of the rear face of a photovoltaic cell 4 with the collection grid of the front face of the adjacent photovoltaic cell 4 . Specifically, an interconnection element 6 of the front face of a photovoltaic cell 4 is connected with an interconnection element 6 of the rear face of an adjacent photovoltaic cell 4, in the same plane, by superimposing and assembling the elements interconnection 6 between them. FIG. 4 represents the superposition zones ZS formed at the level of which the connection between the interconnection elements 6 is made. This connection is advantageously made by welding, for example infrared, ultrasonic or induction welding.
En outre, la figure 5 illustre, selon une vue en coupe, un exemple d'utilisation de plusieurs assemblages 1 obtenus par un tel procédé de fabrication conforme à l'invention de sorte à obtenir une chaîne S de cellules photovoltaïques 4 selon une architecture d'interconnexion standard. In addition, FIG. 5 illustrates, in a sectional view, an example of the use of several assemblies 1 obtained by such a manufacturing method in accordance with the invention so as to obtain a chain S of photovoltaic cells 4 according to an architecture of standard interconnect.
Comme décrit précédemment, ce type d'architecture standard consiste à connecter les cellules photovoltaïques 4 orientées dans le même sens et placées dans le même plan. Ainsi, un élément d'interconnexion 6 de la face avant d'une cellule photovoltaïque 4 est connecté avec un élément d'interconnexion 6 de la face arrière d'une cellule photovoltaïque 4 adjacente par le biais d'un élément conducteur 8, ou motif conducteur 8, par exemple sous forme de ruban de cuivre, positionné dans l'espace intercellules e. Chaque élément d'interconnexion 6 est notamment soudé à l'élément conducteur 8, par exemple par soudure infrarouge, ultrasons ou induction. As described previously, this type of standard architecture consists in connecting the photovoltaic cells 4 oriented in the same direction and placed in the same plane. Thus, an interconnection element 6 of the front face of a photovoltaic cell 4 is connected with an interconnection element 6 of the rear face of an adjacent photovoltaic cell 4 via a conductive element 8, or pattern conductor 8, for example in the form of copper tape, positioned in the intercell space e. Each interconnection element 6 is in particular welded to the conductive element 8, for example by infrared, ultrasonic or induction welding.
Par ailleurs, l'interconnexion peut encore être réalisée par le biais de motifs conducteurs 9 incorporés dans une couche dédiée 3 du module photovoltaïque. Cette couche dédiée peut par exemple être une couche d'encapsulant, notamment située en face arrière, ou une couche arrière (encore appelée « backsheet ») du module photovoltaïque. Alors, l'interconnexion s'opère par coopération entre les éléments d'interconnexion 6 et les motifs conducteurs 9 de la couche dédiée 3, notamment obtenue par soudure, par exemple soudure à induction ou encore durant la lamination. Furthermore, the interconnection can also be made by means of conductive patterns 9 incorporated in a dedicated layer 3 of the photovoltaic module. This dedicated layer can for example be an encapsulant layer, in particular located on the rear face, or a rear layer (also called “backsheet”) of the photovoltaic module. Then, the interconnection takes place by cooperation between the elements interconnection 6 and the conductive patterns 9 of the dedicated layer 3, in particular obtained by welding, for example induction welding or even during lamination.
La figure 6 représente, selon une vue de face, un exemple de couche dédiée 3, ici une couche d'encapsulant 3 du côté de la face arrière du module, comprenant des motifs conducteurs 9 pour l'interconnexion de plusieurs assemblages 1. FIG. 6 represents, according to a front view, an example of dedicated layer 3, here an encapsulant layer 3 on the side of the rear face of the module, comprising conductive patterns 9 for the interconnection of several assemblies 1.
Ces motifs conducteurs 9 peuvent par exemple se présenter sous la forme de rubans conducteurs, par exemple en cuivre, intégrés sur la couche d'encapsulant 3, comme schématisé sur la figure 7. Ils peuvent encore se présenter sous la forme de pistes d'encre conductrice, par exemple en argent ou cuivre ou aluminium, intégrées sur la couche d'encapsulant 3, comme schématisé sur la figure 8. These conductive patterns 9 can for example take the form of conductive strips, for example of copper, integrated on the encapsulant layer 3, as shown schematically in FIG. 7. They can also take the form of ink tracks conductive, for example silver or copper or aluminum, integrated on the encapsulant layer 3, as shown schematically in Figure 8.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits. Diverses modifications peuvent y être apportées par l'homme du métier. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments which have just been described. Various modifications can be made thereto by those skilled in the art.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2111386A FR3128578A1 (en) | 2021-10-27 | 2021-10-27 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN ASSEMBLY OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL AND AN INTERCONNECTING ELEMENT |
| PCT/FR2022/051983 WO2023073308A1 (en) | 2021-10-27 | 2022-10-20 | Method for manufacturing an assembly of a photovoltaic cell and an interconnection element |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4423819A1 true EP4423819A1 (en) | 2024-09-04 |
Family
ID=79170854
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22826595.5A Pending EP4423819A1 (en) | 2021-10-27 | 2022-10-20 | Method for manufacturing an assembly of a photovoltaic cell and an interconnection element |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4423819A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR3128578A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2023073308A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119153577A (en) * | 2024-08-29 | 2024-12-17 | 滁州捷泰新能源科技有限公司 | Method for laying back contact battery string |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103155160B (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2016-12-07 | 原子能及能源替代委员会 | Photovoltaic cell with discontinuous conductors |
| DE102013103837A1 (en) | 2013-04-16 | 2014-10-16 | Teamtechnik Maschinen Und Anlagen Gmbh | Application of conductive adhesive on solar cells |
| WO2016196759A1 (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2016-12-08 | Tessolar Inc. | Single-cell encapsulation and flexible-format module architecture and mounting assembly for photovoltaic power generation and method for constructing, inspecting and qualifying the same |
-
2021
- 2021-10-27 FR FR2111386A patent/FR3128578A1/en active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-10-20 WO PCT/FR2022/051983 patent/WO2023073308A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2022-10-20 EP EP22826595.5A patent/EP4423819A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3128578A1 (en) | 2023-04-28 |
| WO2023073308A1 (en) | 2023-05-04 |
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