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EP4414080A1 - Unité de précipitation électrostatique avec plaque de protection thermique et moyens de refroidissement par convection - Google Patents

Unité de précipitation électrostatique avec plaque de protection thermique et moyens de refroidissement par convection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4414080A1
EP4414080A1 EP23156073.1A EP23156073A EP4414080A1 EP 4414080 A1 EP4414080 A1 EP 4414080A1 EP 23156073 A EP23156073 A EP 23156073A EP 4414080 A1 EP4414080 A1 EP 4414080A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compartment
discharge electrode
electrostatic precipitator
insulator
precipitator unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP23156073.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Anders Høxbro Larsen
Brian Rene Nielsen
Per Holm Hansen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Exodraft AS
Original Assignee
Exodraft AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Exodraft AS filed Critical Exodraft AS
Priority to EP23156073.1A priority Critical patent/EP4414080A1/fr
Publication of EP4414080A1 publication Critical patent/EP4414080A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/70—Applications of electricity supply techniques insulating in electric separators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/82—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator unit for insertion in a flue gas passageway, such as a chimney.
  • an electrostatic precipitator unit having a controller which is protected from the high temperature of the flue gas by the combined effect of a heat shield plate and cooling by convection.
  • An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) system can be used for reducing the number of fine and ultrafine particles in an aerosol or a flow of flue gas from e.g. a woodburning stove or a pellet boiler.
  • an electric field is generated by a discharge electrode connected to a high voltage generator.
  • the electric field causes the aerosol or flue gas around the discharge electrode to become ionized.
  • free electrons or charged gas molecules become trapped on the particles and thereby charge the particles.
  • the charged particles are repulsed from the discharge electrode towards a grounded collection electrode on which they settle and build up and from where they can subsequently be removed in a controlled manner.
  • the amount of pollution can be significantly lowered.
  • the components forming an ESP is arranged close to and partly inside the flow of the flue gas in a chimney, and the temperature in such a flue gas typically reaches up to around 250 degrees Celsius or possibly even higher. Therefore, the controller has to be arranged at a safe distance from the chimney in order not to damage it.
  • the present invention has been developed for an ESP unit designed to be small and compact for use in relation to a pellet boiler. This has caused problems with known systems, since the desired compact size makes it hard or impossible to ensure a sufficient cooling of the heating from the flue gas before it reaches the control unit.
  • an electrostatic precipitator unit for insertion in a flue gas passageway, such as a chimney, the electrostatic precipitator unit comprising:
  • the feature that the casing extends laterally from the pipe comprises embodiments wherein the casing surrounds the pipe and embodiments wherein the casing is joined with the pipe so that they form one element.
  • An example of a design of the casing will be shown in the figures.
  • the casing will typically be made from stainless steel, but other materials which can withstand the high temperatures can also be used.
  • the heat shield plate is used to reduce the thermal radiation from the pipe heated by the hot flue gas flowing therein.
  • Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of particles in matter. It is generated when heat from the movement of the material is converted to electromagnetic radiation.
  • the heat shield plate reflects and possibly also absorbs some of the thermal radiation so that only a reduced amount of heat is transmitted into the second compartment.
  • the present invention is based on the combined protective effect of the heat shield plate and the convection area in the second compartment.
  • Convection can be defined as the transfer of heat form one place to another due to the movement of fluid.
  • natural convection An example of this is the draft in a chimney such as in relation to the present invention.
  • the temperature of the flue gas is typically in the order of up to 250 degrees Celsius. Tests have shown that by use of the present invention, it is possible to keep the temperature at the location of the controller and the high voltage generator below 50 degrees Celsius. However, the scope of protection also covers embodiments configured for use with other temperatures.
  • the casing may be provided with more holes than those mentioned above. It may e.g. be provided with holes in the part of the walls forming the first compartment in order to obtain additional cooling thereof.
  • the at least one lower hole and the at least one upper hole are preferably arranged with as large vertical distance from each other as possible for a given size of the casing in order to provide venting of most of the second compartment.
  • both the at least one lower hole and the at least one upper hole are provided in two opposing walls of the casing.
  • the insulator may be arranged in a fourth compartment of the casing, the fourth compartment being above and at least partly separated from the second or third compartment in which the controller and the high voltage generator are arranged.
  • the insulator is connected to the discharge electrode via an opening in the pipe, and hot flue gas and ash may exit the pipe via the same opening. Therefore, by arranging the insulator in such a fourth compartment, it can be obtained that this flue gas and ash does not reach and possibly cause damage to the controller or the high voltage generator.
  • the controller and the high voltage generator may be arranged in a control box forming a unitary enclosure.
  • a control box can provide protection against heat, moisture and dirt. Furthermore, it can facilitate the installation and possible subsequent maintenance, because the control box can be handled as a separate unit.
  • a shortest horizontal distance between the pipe and the heat shield plate may be at least 10 mm, such as at least 13 mm, such as at least 15 mm.
  • a shortest horizontal distance between the heat shield plate and both the controller and the high voltage generator may be at least 15 mm, such as at least 18 mm, such as at least 20 mm.
  • the electrostatic precipitator unit comprises adapters configured to form connections between the unit and the flue gas passageway, such as a chimney, in which the unit is inserted during use.
  • the flue gas passageway such as a chimney
  • the electrostatic precipitator unit further comprises a discharge electrode assembly, the discharge electrode assembly comprising:
  • the design of the different components of the discharge electrode assembly and the way they are connected provide a number of advantages.
  • the various locking surfaces and the engagement between them ensure that all the components are in the correct location and thereby that the discharge electrode assembly works as intended.
  • the efficiency of such an electrostatic precipitator is dependent on the discharge electrode being arranged centrally in the flow passage and aligned therewith. Therefore, the discharge electrode assembly has been designed so that that it is easy and efficient to ensure such correct positioning in the flow passage which forms part of the flue gas passageway.
  • the mutual engagement between the first and the third locking surfaces may be releasable, and/or the mutual engagement between the second and the fourth locking surfaces may be releasable.
  • the first locking surface is a protrusion extending from the first end of the connector pin
  • the third locking surface is a locking hole matching the shape and dimensions of the protrusion.
  • the two parts are then preferably connected, e.g. by use of a matching screw, to ensure that they remain connected.
  • Other means of connecting are also covered by the scope of protection.
  • They first and third locking surfaces may e.g. be kept in place by a press fit, a pin or a clamp.
  • the insulator connector comprises a fifth locking surface
  • the insulator comprises a sixth locking surface
  • the fifth and the sixth locking surfaces are configured to form a fixed mutual engagement preventing translational and rotational movement of the insulator connector in relation to the insulator.
  • the discharge electrode may comprise a first discharge electrode part and a second discharge electrode part, which first and second discharge electrode parts are aligned and releasably and fixedly connected to each other during use of the discharge electrode.
  • first and second discharge electrode parts are aligned and releasably and fixedly connected to each other during use of the discharge electrode.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the different parts of an electrostatic precipitator unit 1 according to the present invention as well as their mutual locations.
  • the electrostatic precipitator unit 1 comprises a flue gas inlet 2 for receiving a flow of flue gas, a flue gas outlet 3 for venting the flow of flue gas, and a pipe 4 forming a flow passage extending between the flue gas inlet 2 and the flue gas outlet 3.
  • a discharge electrode 5 is arranged in the flow passage, preferably centrally arranged as that improves the efficiency thereof.
  • a high voltage generator 6 is connected to the discharge electrode 5 for providing an electric field being generated in a region around the discharge electrode 5, when the high voltage generator 6 is turned on.
  • An insulator 7 is arranged between the high voltage generator 6 and the discharge electrode 5.
  • the electrostatic precipitator unit 1 comprises a controller 8 for controlling the operation of the high voltage generator 6 and the discharge electrode 5.
  • a casing 9 extends laterally from the pipe 4.
  • the casing 9 comprises a first compartment 101 adjacent to the pipe 4, and a second compartment 102 at a distance from the pipe 4 and separated from the first compartment 101 by a heat shield plate 103 along at least a part of a height of the first compartment 101.
  • the controller 8 and the high voltage generator 6 are arranged in a third compartment 108 located next to the second compartment 102. However, at mentioned above, they could also be arranged in the second compartment.
  • FIG 2 schematically shows a three-dimensional view of an embodiment of an electrostatic precipitator unit 1 according to the invention.
  • the cover plate 104 (see figure 3 ) and the upper lid (not shown) have been removed to reveal the location of the control box 106 forming a unitary enclosure in which the controller 8 and the high voltage generator 6 are arranged.
  • the insulator 7 is arranged in a separate fourth compartment 107 above the compartment housing the control box 106.
  • the upper lid can e.g. be removed for inspection of the system or when it is necessary to clean the discharge electrode 5.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional top view of the embodiment in figure 2 with the horizontal section being made just above the control box 106.
  • the discharge electrode 5 and the connection between the discharge electrode 5 and the high voltage generator 6 via the insulator 7 cannot be seen in this view.
  • This figure clearly shows how the casing 9 extends laterally from the pipe 4.
  • the figure further shows the first compartment 101 adjacent to the pipe 4 and the second compartment 102 at a distance from the pipe 4 and separated from the first compartment 101 by the heat shield plate 103.
  • the controller 8 and the high voltage generator 6 are arranged in a control box 106 in a third compartment 108 adjacent to and at least partly separated from the second compartment 102 by a mounting plate 109 supporting the high voltage generator 6 and the controller 8.
  • a shortest horizontal distance d1 between the pipe 4 and the heat shield plate 103 is at least 10 mm, such as at least 13 mm, such as at least 15 mm. Furthermore, in some embodiments of the invention, a shortest horizontal distance d2 between the heat shield plate 103 and both the controller 8 and the high voltage generator 6 is at least 15 mm, such as at least 18 mm, such as at least 20 mm.
  • control box 106 housing the controller 8 and the high voltage generator 6, is arranged the third compartment 108 adjacent to and at least partly separated from the second compartment 102 by a mounting plate 109 for carrying the control box 106.
  • the control box 106 of this embodiment forms a unitary enclosure which is mounted to the mounting plate 109 by bolts, but other ways of mounting, such as clamps or brackets, are also covered by the scope of protection.
  • Figure 4 is a three-dimensional sectional view with the section being made along line A-A in figure 3 .
  • the figure shows that the walls of the casing are provided with lower holes 110 at a lower region of the second compartment 102 and upper holes 111 at an upper region of the second compartment 102.
  • the lower holes 110 and upper holes 111 are provided in two opposing walls of the casing 9.
  • the lower holes 110 are configured to allow air to be drawn into the second compartment 102 from the surroundings, and upper holes 111 are configured to allow air to be vented out of the second compartment 102.
  • the lower and upper holes 110,111 thereby cause a flow of air along the second compartment 102 as a result of thermal convection caused by hot flue gas flowing in the flow passage during use of the electrostatic precipitator unit.
  • the flow of air is illustrated with arrows in figure 4 .
  • FIGS. 5a. and 5.b schematically show an assembled and an exploded view, respectively, of a discharge electrode assembly which may form part of an electrostatic precipitator unit according to the present invention.
  • the discharge electrode assembly 201 comprises a discharge electrode 5 configured to be electrically connected to an associated high voltage generator 6 for providing an electric field being generated in a region around the discharge electrode 5 during use, as explained in relation to figure 1 . It further comprises an insulator 7 which is configured to be arranged between the high voltage generator 6 and the discharge electrode 5 during use.
  • a connector pin 202 is connected to the discharge electrode 5 at a first end 203, and an insulator connector 204 connects the insulator 7 and a second end 205 of the connector pin 202.
  • the connector pin 202 comprises a first locking surface LS1 at the first end 203 and a second locking surface LS2 at the second end 205. Details of all the locking surfaces will be given in relation to the following figures.
  • the discharge electrode 5 comprises a third locking surface LS3 at an upper end 206
  • the insulator connector 204 comprises a fourth locking surface LS4.
  • the first and the third locking surfaces LS1,LS3 are configured to form a fixed mutual engagement preventing translational and rotational movement of the discharge electrode 5 in relation to the connector pin 202
  • the second and the fourth locking surfaces LS2,LS4 are configured to form a fixed mutual engagement preventing translational and rotational movement of the connector pin 202 in relation to the insulator connector 204.
  • the discharge electrode 5 comprises a first discharge electrode part 5a and a second discharge electrode part 5b, which first and second discharge electrode parts 5a,5b are aligned and releasably and fixedly connected to each other during use of the discharge electrode 5.
  • the connection between the first and second discharge electrode parts 5a,5b are performed by use of rivets 207; the number of these may differ from what is shown in the figure.
  • Figures 6.a-6.c schematically show the region around the connection between the connector pin 202 and the discharge electrode 5 in figures 5.a and 5.b ; i.e. the design of the first and third locking surfaces LS1,LS3. In these figures, the angle of view is different from the one in figures 5.a and 5.b to more clearly show the relevant details.
  • Figures 6.a and 6.b show exploded three-dimensional views, and figure 6.c shows an end view after assembly of the first and third locking surfaces LS1,LS3.
  • the first locking surface LS1 is a protrusion 208 extending from the first end 203 of the connector pin 202
  • the third locking surface LS3 is a locking hole 209 in the first discharge electrode part 5a, the locking hole 209 matching the shape and dimensions of the protrusion 208.
  • the mutual connection between the first and third locking surfaces LS1,LS3 is releasably established by use of a button head screw 210 inserted through a hole 211 in the second discharge electrode part 5b and axially into a threaded hole 212 in the connector pin 202 as shown in the figure.
  • Figures 7.a to 7.c schematically show the connection between the connector pin 202 and the isolator 7 in figures 5.a and 5.b .
  • Figure 7.a shows the whole discharge electrode assembly 201
  • figure 7.b shows the region around the second and fourth locking surfaces LS2,LS4.
  • the second locking surface LS2 is a recess 213 in the connector pin 202; see also figure 6.a.
  • the fourth locking surface LS4 is a combination of a guiding hole 214 in the insulator connector 204 configured to receive the second end 205 of the connector pin 202 and a set screw 215 configured to fixedly engage with the recess 213 when the connector pin 202 is at a predefined position in the guiding hole 214.
  • the insulator connector 204 comprises the guiding hole 214, and the connector pin 202 is configured to slide along the guiding hole 214 in the insulator connector 204 to allow for movement the discharge electrode 5 relative to the insulator 7.
  • Figure 7.a also illustrates that the insulator connector 204 comprises a fifth locking surface LS5, the insulator 7 comprises a sixth locking surface LS6, and the fifth and the sixth locking surfaces LS5,LS6 are configured to form a fixed mutual engagement preventing translational and rotational movement of the insulator connector 204 in relation to the insulator 7.
  • Figure 7.c schematically shows the possible sliding of the discharge electrode 5 relative to the isolator 7. Loosening of the set screw 215 therefore allows for easy disassembling for cleaning of the discharge electrode 5 as well as for chimney sweeping.
  • the discharge electrode 5 can either be removed completely or retracted so that it is positioned along the wall of the pipe 4 forming the flow passage in which the discharge electrode 5 is arranged during use.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
EP23156073.1A 2023-02-10 2023-02-10 Unité de précipitation électrostatique avec plaque de protection thermique et moyens de refroidissement par convection Withdrawn EP4414080A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23156073.1A EP4414080A1 (fr) 2023-02-10 2023-02-10 Unité de précipitation électrostatique avec plaque de protection thermique et moyens de refroidissement par convection

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23156073.1A EP4414080A1 (fr) 2023-02-10 2023-02-10 Unité de précipitation électrostatique avec plaque de protection thermique et moyens de refroidissement par convection

Publications (1)

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EP4414080A1 true EP4414080A1 (fr) 2024-08-14

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23156073.1A Withdrawn EP4414080A1 (fr) 2023-02-10 2023-02-10 Unité de précipitation électrostatique avec plaque de protection thermique et moyens de refroidissement par convection

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EP (1) EP4414080A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2711224A (en) * 1952-10-28 1955-06-21 Western Precipitation Corp High tension electrode for an electrical precipitator
US4077783A (en) * 1975-06-19 1978-03-07 Dart Industries Insulator means for electrostatic precipitators
US4675029A (en) * 1984-11-21 1987-06-23 Geoenergy International, Corp. Apparatus and method for treating the emission products of a wood burning stove
EP2551018A2 (fr) * 2011-07-27 2013-01-30 Beat Müller Centrage d'une électrode sous haute tension par force magnétique
EP3492174A1 (fr) * 2017-12-04 2019-06-05 PHX Innovation ApS Système précipitateur électrostatique comportant une électrode de décharge à fil en suspension

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2711224A (en) * 1952-10-28 1955-06-21 Western Precipitation Corp High tension electrode for an electrical precipitator
US4077783A (en) * 1975-06-19 1978-03-07 Dart Industries Insulator means for electrostatic precipitators
US4675029A (en) * 1984-11-21 1987-06-23 Geoenergy International, Corp. Apparatus and method for treating the emission products of a wood burning stove
EP2551018A2 (fr) * 2011-07-27 2013-01-30 Beat Müller Centrage d'une électrode sous haute tension par force magnétique
EP3492174A1 (fr) * 2017-12-04 2019-06-05 PHX Innovation ApS Système précipitateur électrostatique comportant une électrode de décharge à fil en suspension

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