EP4496846A1 - Rubber composition containing additive and use thereof - Google Patents
Rubber composition containing additive and use thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP4496846A1 EP4496846A1 EP23713348.3A EP23713348A EP4496846A1 EP 4496846 A1 EP4496846 A1 EP 4496846A1 EP 23713348 A EP23713348 A EP 23713348A EP 4496846 A1 EP4496846 A1 EP 4496846A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- rubber
- rubber composition
- weight
- additive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L21/00—Compositions of unspecified rubbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
- C08L9/06—Copolymers with styrene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
- B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
- C08G65/331—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing oxygen
- C08G65/332—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups, or halides, or esters thereof
- C08G65/3322—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing oxygen containing carboxyl groups, or halides, or esters thereof acyclic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/548—Silicon-containing compounds containing sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L7/00—Compositions of natural rubber
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2296—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/06—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features having improved processability or containing aids for moulding methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
- C08L2207/32—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition containing low molecular weight liquid component
- C08L2207/322—Liquid component is processing oil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2312/00—Crosslinking
- C08L2312/02—Crosslinking with dienes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rubber composition which contains rubber and at least one rubber additive based on a fatty acid ester.
- the present invention further relates to the use of the rubber additive in a rubber composition, and to a tire in which at least one component is at least partially made from the rubber composition according to the invention, as well as methods for producing the same.
- Background of the invention The trend in the development of tread compounds for all-season and winter tires in recent years has been determined by improvements in the properties of tire grip (grip) at low temperatures and tire abrasion (stiffness). To achieve this, the respective rubber compositions contain, for example, rubbers with a long chain length. This results in poor processing (high viscosity, lack of green strength) of the rubber mixture.
- the composition includes rubber compound and glycerol fatty acid monoester as well as silica.
- US 2019/0233622 A1 discloses ethoxylated glycerin esterified with fatty acids for use in rubber compositions for tires with improved processability and abrasion resistance (see claim 1, paragraphs [0001] to [0003]).
- Tire wear is largely determined by the glass transition temperature of the rubber (Tan delta max peak, DMA).
- An improvement in the rolling resistance of the tires produced is not described in US 2019/0233622 Al.
- Rolling resistance is influenced by materials that change the tan delta at 60°C. Abrasion and rolling resistance are independent variables and the person skilled in the art would not necessarily conclude that an improvement in one means an improvement in the other.
- An object of the present invention is to develop a new additive for winter and all-season tires that improves the processing properties of the rubber composition used to manufacture these tires. At the same time, the remaining performance properties of the tires, in particular the rolling resistance and the properties regarding snow grip and adhesion under dry conditions, as well as the tire wear, should not be impaired or should even be at least partially improved.
- a further object of the invention is to improve the extrusion properties as well as the condition of the surfaces and edges of extrudates (Garvey Die) made from the rubber composition.
- a rubber composition which contains rubber and at least one rubber additive, characterized in that the at least one rubber additive comprises fatty acid esters, which fatty acid esters consist of at least one C 8 - to C 22 -Fatty acid and at least one compound selected from C 2 - to C 4 -alkoxylate of a polyol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and / or copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
- the at least one rubber additive comprises fatty acid esters, which fatty acid esters consist of at least one C 8 - to C 22 -Fatty acid and at least one compound selected from C 2 - to C 4 -alkoxylate of a polyol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and / or copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
- a further aspect of the present invention relates to the use of fatty acid esters of at least one C 8 to C 22 fatty acid and at least one compound selected from C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a polyol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and/or copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide as a rubber additive in a rubber composition to improve the Mooney viscosity and/or extrusion properties of the rubber composition and/or to improve at least one of abrasion, wet grip and/or rolling resistance of a tire made from the rubber composition.
- a further aspect of the present invention relates to a method of producing a tire, characterized in that one or more components of the tire are made from a rubber composition as defined herein and the rubber composition is cured.
- a further aspect of the present invention relates to a tire in which at least one component has been made at least partially from a rubber composition as defined herein, and the tire is preferably an all-season or winter tire, wherein the component is in particular a tread.
- Preferred embodiments are the subject of the subclaims. Embodiments of the inventions include the following: the components listed and can in particular consist of these.
- Figures 1a-d show various extrudates (after 24 hours and after a week, at 60 rpm and 151 rpm) which were produced from the rubber compositions A and B as described in Example 3 ( Figure 1a: after 24h at 151/min; Figure 1b: after 24h at 60 1/min; Figure 1c: after a week at 15 1/min; Figure 1d: after a week at 601/min).
- Figures 2a-b show various extrudates after 24h (at 60 1/min and 151/min), which were produced from the rubber compositions C and D as described in Example 4 ( Figure 2a: after 24h at 151/min; Figure 2b: after 24 hours at 601 rpm).
- Figures 3a-d show various extrudates (after 24 hours and after a week, at 60 rpm and 151 rpm) which were produced from the rubber compositions E and F as described in Example 5 ( Figure 3a: after 24 hours at 151 /min; Figure 3b: after 24 hours at 60 1/min; Figure 3c: after a week at 15 1/min; Figure 3d: after a week at 601/min).
- Figures 4a-b show various extrudates (at 15 1/min and 60 1/min) which were produced from the rubber compositions G to J as described in Example 6 ( Figure 4a: after 24h at 151/min; Figure 4b: after 24h at 601 rpm).
- Figure 5 shows the course of the material pressure of the rubber compositions G to J from Example 6 at different shear rates.
- fatty acid esters consisting of at least one C 8 to C 22 fatty acid (fatty acid component, as defined in more detail below) and at least one compound selected from C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate a polyol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and / or copolymer made from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (polyol component, as defined in more detail below) have positive properties in a rubber composition.
- the components of the rubber composition according to the invention are described in more detail below.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is made from at least one compound selected from C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a polyol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and/or copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (polyol component), which esterifies with a C 8 to C 22 fatty acid became.
- the polyol component has 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, such as 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyol component preferably has between 2 and 4 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyol component used to produce the fatty acid ester has 2 or 3 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyol component has no aromatic groups.
- the polyol component according to the invention consists only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
- the fatty acid ester is made from C 8 to C 22 fatty acid and at least one polyether such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG) and/or copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
- the copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide can be random copolymers or block copolymers. It is known to those skilled in the art that polyethers with higher molecular weights are polymolecular, that is, they consist of distributions of macromolecules with different molecular weights.
- polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols and/or copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with an average molecular weight in the range of approximately 200 to 1500 g/mol, for example 200 to 800 g/mol, such as approximately 400 g/mol, can be used for the production.
- Position of the fatty acid ester can be used.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is made from polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG) and/or copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, which has been esterified with a C 8 to C 22 fatty acid.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is made from polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol.
- the fatty acid ester is made from at least one polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol with a molecular weight of 200 to 800 g/mol, in particular 400 g/mol to 600 g/mol.
- the fatty acid ester is made from at least one polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 200 (PEG 200) to 800 g/mol (PEG 800), such as 400 to 600 g/mol, in particular 400 g/mol (PEG 400).
- the fatty acid ester is made from at least one polypropylene glycol with a molecular weight of 200 to 800 g/mol, such as 400 to 600 g/mol, in particular 600 g/mol.
- the fatty acid ester is made from at least one random copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with a molecular weight of 200 to 800 g/mol, such as 400 to 600 g/mol, in particular 400 g/mol.
- the random copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide has an ethylene oxide group content of 10 to 30% by weight.
- the fatty acid ester is made from at least one block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with a molecular weight of 50 to 4500 g/mol, such as 200 to 3000 and in particular 500 to 2500 g/mol.
- the ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer has an ethylene oxide group content of 10 to 80% by weight, such as 10 to 55% by weight.
- the block copolymers can be constructed in which there are polypropylene glycol molecules in the middle and polyoxyethylene groups at both ends.
- the ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers to be used according to the invention are commercially available compounds. They can be produced by reacting polypropylene glycol with ethylene oxide.
- ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers are the Pluronic PE polymers from BASF SE, such as Pluronic PE 3100, Pluronic PE 3500, Pluronic PE 4300, Pluronic PE 6100, Pluronic PE 6120, Pluronic PE 6200, Pluronic PE 6400, Pluronic PE 6800, Pluronic PE 8100, Pluronic PE 9200, Pluronic PE 9400, Pluronic PE 10100, Pluronic PE 10300, Pluronic PE 10400 and Pluronic PE 10500.
- the fatty acid ester is prepared from at least one C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a polyol .
- Polyols are substances that have at least two free hydroxyl groups.
- the hydrocarbon portion of the polyol is a group containing carbon and Contains hydrogen, with at least two carbon atoms bonded to a hydroxyl group. It can be straight-chain or branched, in particular straight-chain, and optionally interrupted by a heteroatom.
- a C 2 - to C 4 -alkoxylate of a polyol is a polyol that has been reacted with a C 2 - to C 4 -alkylene oxide, whereby several reactions can take place in succession on a hydroxyl group of the polyol.
- Examples of C 2 to C 4 alkylene oxides are ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and 1-butene oxide. The polyols are reacted with the C 2 to C 4 alkylene oxide using standard processes.
- Mixed C 2 to C 4 alkoxylates can also be used, in which a polyol is reacted using a mixture of C 2 to C 4 alkylene oxides (mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and/or 1-butylene oxide).
- the fatty acid ester consists of at least one polyol alkoxylate with up to 10, such as 5 to 10, e.g. B. 7 alkylene oxide units produced.
- the C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a polyol may have an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to 1500 g/mol, such as about 200 to 800 g/mol, especially 300 to 500 g/mol.
- the C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a polyol has 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, such as 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups.
- the C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a polyol used to produce the fatty acid ester has between 2 and 4 hydroxyl groups, such as 2 or 3 hydroxyl groups.
- the fatty acid ester is made from at least one polyol ethoxylate with up to 10, such as 5 to 10, e.g. B. 7 ethylene oxide units (EO units) produced.
- the fatty acid ester consists of at least one polyol propoxylate with up to 10 like 5 to 10, e.g. B.
- the polyol ethoxylate or polyol propoxylate preferably has between 2 and 4 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyol of the C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate may be a C 2 to C 15 polyol. This means that the polyol has 2 to 15 carbon atoms.
- the C 2 to C 15 polyol component of the alkoxylate is preferably C 2 to C 10 polyol and in particular C 2 to C 6 polyol.
- the polyols preferably have 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, such as 2 to 8 and in particular 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups, such as 2 or 3 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyol of the C 2 - to C 4 - alkoxylate is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, glycerin and mixtures thereof and is in particular glycerin.
- Sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, xylitol and mixtures thereof can also be used as polyols that can be reacted with a C 2 -C 4 alkylene oxide. This has the further advantage that the fatty acid esters produced in this way can be produced more sustainably.
- the polyol component of the fatty acid ester is a substance from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, ethoxylated glycerin, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, ethoxylated pentaeryrthritol, ethoxylated sorbitol and/or mixtures thereof.
- the fatty acid ester is prepared from C 8 to C 22 fatty acid and ethoxylated glycerol, in particular up to 10, such as 5 to 10, e.g. B. has 7 ethylene oxide units.
- Such a glycerol according to the invention is commercially available, for example, as Aduxol-Gly-07 from Shurer & Schläpfer.
- only one polyol component is used to produce the fatty acid ester (however, this includes higher molecular weight alcohols that have a certain molecular weight distribution, such as PEG 400).
- at least two different polyol components are used to produce the fatty acid ester.
- a mixture of PEG, PPG and/or PEG-PPG copolymer can be used to produce the fatty acid ester.
- Fatty acid component The fatty acid component according to the invention is based on C 8 to C 22 fatty acids.
- fatty acids have 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
- fatty acids usually mean aliphatic saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids with almost exclusively unbranched carbon chains (see, for example, Römpp Chemie Lexikon 9th edition 1990, volume 2, p.1343).
- “fatty acids” also include acids that have unsaturations.
- branches or heteroatoms can be present as long as this does not significantly affect the aliphatic character of the acids.
- the fatty acid component according to the invention consists of a mixture of different fatty acids.
- the fatty acid component can be at least two, such as include at least three, four or five different C 8 to C 22 fatty acids.
- Typical examples of fatty acids that can be used as fatty acid components in the present invention are caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenoic acid, petroselinic acid , linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, arachidic acid, gadoleic acid, gondoic acid, behenic acid, cetoleic acid and erucic acid.
- the fatty acid component according to the invention consists only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
- the fatty acid component according to the invention comprises at least one mono- or di-unsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid.
- a diunsaturated fatty acid is a fatty acid whose carbon chain has two double bonds.
- the fatty acid component according to the invention comprises at least one monounsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid and at least one diunsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid. In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the fatty acid component according to the invention comprises at least one monounsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid, at least one diunsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid and at least one triunsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid component according to the invention comprises at least one C 18 fatty acid, in particular a C 18:1 fatty acid, such as oleic acid and/or a C 18:2 fatty acid.
- a C 18:1 fatty acid is a fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms whose carbon chain has a double bond.
- a C 18:2 fatty acid is a fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms whose carbon chain has two double bonds.
- the fatty acid component according to the invention comprises at least one C 18:1 fatty acid and at least one C 18:2 fatty acid.
- the fatty acid component according to the invention comprises at least one C 18:1 fatty acid, at least one C 18:2 fatty acid and at least one C 18:3 fatty acid. It is known to those skilled in the art that commercial products used to produce fatty acid esters generally contain mixtures of fatty acids.
- the fatty acids can also be present as technical cuts, such as those produced during the pressure splitting or saponification of natural fats and oils, for example palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, olive oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil or beef tallow.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is prepared from a mixture of fatty acids which comprises at least 50% by weight, such as at least 75% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, of C 8 to C 22 fatty acids.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is prepared from a mixture of fatty acids which comprises at least 50% by weight, such as at least 75% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, of C 12 to C 20 fatty acids.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is prepared from a mixture of fatty acids which comprises at least 50% by weight, such as at least 75% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, of C 16 to C 20 fatty acids.
- the mixture of fatty acids preferably comprises 50 to 100% by weight, such as 75 to 100% by weight, in particular 90 to 100% by weight, of C 16 to C 20 fatty acids.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is prepared from a mixture of fatty acids which contains at least 50% by weight, such as at least 65% by weight, in particular at least 75% by weight, of saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C18 -Fatty acids include.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is prepared from a mixture of fatty acids which comprises 50 to 95% by weight, such as 65 to 90% by weight, in particular 70 to 85% by weight, of saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 18 fatty acids .
- the mixture of fatty acids used for production preferably contains at least 1% by weight of saturated C 18 fatty acid, 10% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and/or at least 5% by weight of C 18:2 fatty acid.
- the mixture of fatty acids comprises at least 50% by weight, such as at least 65% by weight, in particular at least 70% by weight, of C 18:1 fatty acid, in particular oleic acid.
- the mixture of fatty acids comprises 50 to 90% by weight, such as 65 to 85% by weight, in particular 70 to 80% by weight, of C 18:1 fatty acid, in particular oleic acid. In one embodiment, the mixture of fatty acids comprises 0.1 to 30% by weight, such as 1 to 15% by weight, in particular 5 to 12% by weight, of C 18:2 fatty acid, in particular linoleic acid. In a preferred embodiment, the mixture of fatty acids comprises 65 to 85% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and 1 to 15% by weight of C 18:2 fatty acid.
- the mixture of fatty acids comprises at least 5% by weight, such as at least 10% by weight, in particular at least 15% by weight, of C 18:1 fatty acid, in particular oleic acid.
- the mixture of fatty acids can comprise 5 to 50% by weight, such as 10 to 40% by weight, in particular 15 to 35% by weight, of C 18:1 fatty acid, in particular oleic acid.
- the mixture of fatty acids can comprise 10 to 90% by weight, such as 25 to 75% by weight, in particular 40 to 65% by weight, of C 18:2 fatty acid, in particular linoleic acid.
- the mixture of fatty acids comprises 10 to 40% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and 25 to 75% by weight of C 18:2 fatty acid, such as 15 to 35% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and 40 up to 65% by weight C 18:2 fatty acid.
- the mixture of fatty acids can comprise 0.1 to 30% by weight, such as 1 to 20% by weight, in particular 2 to 15% by weight, of C 18:3 fatty acid.
- the mixture of fatty acids comprises 10 to 40% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid, 25 to 75% by weight of C 18:2 fatty acid and 1 to 20% by weight of C 18:3 fatty acid .
- the mixture of fatty acids comprises 15 to 35% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and 40 to 65% by weight of C 18:2 fatty acid and 2 to 15% by weight of C 18:3 fatty acid.
- the acid number of the fatty acid used or the fatty acid mixture used is preferably 100 to 300 mg KOH/g, in particular 150 to 250 mg KOH/g.
- the acid number is measured using DIN EN ISO 2114.
- the saponification number of the fatty acid used or the fatty acid mixture used is preferably 100 to 300 mg KOH/g, in particular 150 to 250 mg KOH/g.
- the saponification number indicates the amount of potassium hydroxide in mg that is required to saponify 1 g of the sample to be examined.
- the saponification number is measured using DIN EN ISO 3681.
- the iodine number of the fatty acid used or the fatty acid mixture used is preferably 10 to 200 g iodine/100 g, in particular 50 to 150 g iodine/100 g.
- the iodine number indicates the degree of unsaturation of the sample.
- the iodine number is measured using DIN EN ISO 39612018-1.
- Fatty acid esters The esterification of the polyols with the fatty acids can be carried out in a known manner.
- the acidic catalysts that can be used here are, for example, hypophosphorous acid, methanesulfonic acid, butanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, sulfosuccinic acid and/or mixtures thereof. It is also recommended to carry out the esterification at elevated temperatures, for example at 140 to 250 ° C, preferably at 180 to 240 ° C.
- the fatty acid ester is prepared by heating in hypophosphorous acid. As described above, the fatty acid ester can be prepared from a mixture of different fatty acids and/or polyols.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention consists only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is prepared from at least one C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a C 2 to C 6 polyol and at least one C 12 to C 22 fatty acid, preferably at least one unsaturated C 16 to C 20 - fatty acid.
- the fatty acid ester is preferably a partial ester (ie, not all -OH groups of the polyol from which the ester is formed are esterified) and in particular is at least 40% by weight, such as at least 70% by weight.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention consists essentially of monofatty acid esters.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a monofatty acid ester of C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a C 2 to C 6 polyol and at least one C 16 to C 20 fatty acid, preferably an unsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a monofatty acid ester of polyethylene glycol and at least one C 12 to C 22 fatty acid, preferably at least one unsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a monofatty acid ester of polypropylene glycol and at least one C 12 to C 22 fatty acid, preferably at least one unsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a monofatty acid ester of copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and at least one C 12 to C 22 fatty acid, preferably at least one unsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid.
- the copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide may be a random copolymer or block copolymer.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a mixture of monofatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol, the mixture of fatty acids used for production containing at least 50% by weight of C 16 to C 20 fatty acids, preferably at least 50% by weight of saturated or (multiple ) C 18 unsaturated fatty acid.
- the mixture of fatty acids used for this purpose can comprise 50 to 95% by weight, such as 65 to 90% by weight, in particular 70 to 85% by weight, of saturated or (poly)unsaturated C 18 fatty acids.
- the mixture comprises at least 10% C 18:1 fatty acid and/or at least 5% by weight C 18:2 fatty acid.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a mixture of monofatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol, the mixture of fatty acids used for production being 65 to 85% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and/or 1 to 15% by weight of C 18 :2 - fatty acid includes.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a mixture of monofatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol, the mixture of fatty acids used for production being 10 to 40% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and/or 25 to 75% by weight of C 18:2 - fatty acid and / or 1 to 20% by weight of C 18:3 - fatty acid.
- the mixture of fatty acids comprises 15 to 35% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and 40 to 65% by weight of C 18:2 fatty acid and 2 to 15% by weight of C 18:3 fatty acid.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is an ester of polyol ethoxylate or polyol propoxylate and a C 8 to C 22 fatty acid ester mixture, preferably a C 12 to C 22 fatty acid ester mixture.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is an ester of ethoxylated glycerol or trimethylolpropane, which has up to 10, such as 5 to 10, ethylene oxide units, and a fatty acid ester mixture, the mixture of fatty acids used for production containing at least 50% by weight of C 16 - to C 20 fatty acids, preferably 50 to 95% by weight of saturated or unsaturated C 18 fatty acid.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is an ester of ethoxylated glycerol or ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, which has up to 10, such as 5 to 10, ethylene oxide units, and a fatty acid ester mixture, the mixture of fatty acids used for production being 65 to 85% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and/or 1 to 15% by weight.
- C 18:2 - fatty acid includes.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is an ester of ethoxylated glycerol or ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, which has up to 10, such as 5 to 10, ethylene oxide units, and a fatty acid ester mixture, the mixture of fatty acids used for production being 10 to 40% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and/or 25 to 75% by weight of C 18:2 fatty acid and/or 1 to 20% by weight of C 18:3 fatty acid.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a monoester of ethoxylated glycerol or ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, which has 5 to 10 ethylene oxide units, and a fatty acid ester mixture, the mixture of fatty acids used for production preferably containing at least 50% by weight of saturated or unsaturated C 18 - fatty acid, in particular 65 to 85% by weight, C 18:1 - fatty acid and / or 1 to 15% by weight of C 18:2 - fatty acid.
- the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a monoester of ethoxylated glycerol or ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, which has up to 10, such as 5 to 10, ethylene oxide units, and a fatty acid ester mixture, the mixture of fatty acids used for production being 10 to 40 wt -% C 18:1 - fatty acid and / or 25 to 75% by weight of C 18:2 - fatty acid and / or 1 to 20% by weight of C 18:3 - fatty acid.
- the fatty acid ester has an acid number (SZ) of 0 to 10 mg KOH/g, such as 2 to 8 mg KOH/g.
- the acid number can be measured using DIN EN ISO 2114.
- the fatty acid ester has a hydroxyl number (OHZ) of 5 to 200 mg KOH/g, such as 100 to 190 mg KOH/g and 120 to 180 mg KOH/g.
- the hydroxyl number is the amount of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in milligrams (mg) that corresponds to the hydroxyl groups that are acetylated in 1 gram of the tested product under specified test conditions.
- KOH potassium hydroxide
- the measurement of the hydroxyl number can be determined using DIN-EN-ISO 4629-1:2016-12.
- the fatty acid ester has a pour point of 5 to -50°C, such as 0 to -40°C and -10 to -30°C.
- the pour point is the lowest temperature at which the oil will flow when it is cooled under specified conditions.
- the pour point can be measured using DIN-ISO 3016.
- the fatty acid ester has a dynamic viscosity of 50 to 1000 mPas, such as 70 to 700 mPas and 100 to 400 mPas.
- the dynamic viscosity is defined as the quotient of the shear stress and the velocity gradient.
- the dynamic viscosity can be measured using DIN-ISO 3219.
- a viscometer e.g. a Roto Visko 1 viscometer from Haake
- a rheometer e.g. Modular Compact 302 from Anton Paar
- the rubber composition according to the invention contains at least one rubber additive which comprises fatty acid esters.
- the rubber additive may consist of the fatty acid ester.
- the rubber additive contains at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, of fatty acid esters.
- the rubber additive can also have other components.
- the rubber additive contains fatty acid esters and/or fatty acid soaps, in particular zinc and/or potassium fatty acid soaps.
- the rubber additives of the present invention can preferably be present in a mixture which contains one or more solid carrier materials and one or more fatty acid esters and, if appropriate, other components.
- Inorganic fillers such as silicas
- waxy materials such as polyethylene waxes
- silica is used as the carrier material.
- examples of commercially available silicas that can be used in the blend of the present invention are Sipernat 22 and Sipernat 50 from Evonik.
- Other components that can be included in the mixture include: B. amides, amino alcohols and soaps can be used.
- Several fatty acid esters according to the invention can also be present in a mixture.
- the weight ratio of carrier material to fatty acid ester in the mixture is, for example, 10/90 to 90/10, more preferably 20/80 to 80/20 and particularly preferably about 30/70 or 33/67.
- the rubber composition according to the invention contains at least one rubber.
- the rubber is a rubber that can be crosslinked by sulfur crosslinking.
- rubbers are used that are particularly suitable for producing tread compounds that can be used in the production of tires.
- Preferred diene rubbers are butadiene rubber, polyisoprene and styrene-butadiene rubber.
- the rubber composition comprises at least one styrene-butadiene rubber, natural rubber, polyisoprene and/or butadiene rubber and optionally their functionalized forms.
- the rubber composition contains at least one styrene-butadiene rubber (styrene-butadiene copolymer). This can be either solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) or emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (ESBR), although a mixture of at least one SSBR and at least one ESBR can also be used.
- SSBR solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber
- ESBR emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber
- styrene-butadiene rubber and “styrene-butadiene copolymer” are used synonymously in the context of the present invention.
- the styrene-butadiene copolymer(s) used can be end group modified with modifications and functionalizations and/or functionalized along the polymer chains.
- the modification can be those with hydroxy groups and/or ethoxy groups and/or epoxy groups and/or siloxane groups and/or amino groups and/or aminosiloxane and/or carboxy groups and/or Phthalocyanine groups and/or silane sulfide groups act.
- other modifications known to those skilled in the art, also referred to as functionalizations are also possible.
- a low-cis polybutadiene is e.g. B. Li-BR (lithium-catalyzed butadiene rubber) with a cis content of 20 to 50% by weight.
- the polybutadiene used can be end-group modified and/or functionalized along the polymer chains. Reference should be made to the possibilities disclosed above in connection with the modification and functionalization of styrene-butadiene rubber, if necessary adapted to the requirements of BR as a rubber material.
- the rubber composition contains at least one styrene-butadiene rubber, preferably in amounts of 40 to 100 phr, particularly preferably 70 to 90 phr.
- oil-extended rubber can also be added to the rubber compositions according to the invention.
- the amounts of oil-extended rubber used it is customary to “weigh” the oil content, so that recipes with “rubber” amounts of over 100 phr, such as e.g. B. up to 200 phr, e.g. B. in the range 40 or 70 to 140 or 150 phr.
- oil-extended rubber can be added so that the sum of the solid rubber components (see the definition above) is such that a total of 100 parts by weight of rubber is present.
- the rubber additive is used to reduce the amount of oil in oil-extended rubber. In this case, less oil is used in the rubber composition according to the invention than would be the case in a rubber composition with oil-extended rubber without the rubber additive.
- the rubber composition contains at least one styrene-butadiene rubber which is at the polymer chain ends and/or along the Polymer chains (“back bone functionalized”) are functionalized with at least one of the above-mentioned groups.
- the functional groups are particularly preferably groups that can bind to silica, such as in particular hydroxy groups and/or ethoxy groups and/or epoxy groups and/or siloxane groups and/or aminosiloxane and/or Carboxy groups and/or silane sulfide groups.
- the rubber composition contains 5 to 95 phr, preferably 10 to 30 phr, of at least one butadiene rubber.
- the rubber composition according to the invention can also contain natural and/or synthetic polyisoprene. Both cis-1,4-polyisoprene and 3,4-polyisoprene can be used here.
- the rubber composition preferably contains cis-1,4-polyisoprene with a cis-1,4 content of more than 90% by weight. Natural rubber is a rubber with a high cis-1,4 content.
- the polyisoprene used can also be end group modified and/or functionalized along the polymer chains. Reference should be made to the possibilities disclosed above in connection with the modification and functionalization of styrene-butadiene rubber, if necessary adapted to the requirements of polyisoprene as a rubber material.
- the rubber composition comprises at least one styrene-butadiene rubber and at least one butadiene rubber, in particular 5 to 95 phr of butadiene rubber and 5 to 80 phr of styrene-butadiene rubber.
- the rubber composition comprises at least one styrene-butadiene rubber, at least one butadiene rubber and at least one natural rubber, in particular 5 to 80 phr butadiene rubber. rubber, 5 to 80 phr styrene-butadiene rubber and 5 to 60 phr natural rubber.
- the rubber composition comprises at least one liquid polymer (viscous liquids at normal temperature) such as LIR (liquid polyisoprene), LBR (liquid polybutadiene) and L-SBR (liquid styrene-butadiene).
- LIR liquid polyisoprene
- LBR liquid polybutadiene
- L-SBR liquid styrene-butadiene
- Kurapren LIR30 and Kurapren LIR50 from Kuraray Co., Ltd. can be used as liquid polyisoprene. be used.
- As the liquid polybutadiene for example LBR-302, LBR-307, LBR-305 LBR-352 or LBR-361 from Kuraray Co., Ltd. be used.
- the liquid styrene-butadiene that can be used is L-SBR-820 or L-SBR-841 from Kuraray Co., Ltd.
- the rubber composition according to the invention can contain other rubbers in comparatively small amounts, such as 0.1 to 50 phr.
- Further additives The rubber composition of the present invention may contain further additives and components, in particular one or more fillers, one or more catalysts or activators for sulfur crosslinking and optionally further additives.
- the rubber composition of the present invention contains other additives and ingredients suitable for the production of tread compounds for tires.
- the rubber composition preferably contains at least one filler.
- the rubber composition can contain 5 to 300 phr, preferably 30 to 300 phr, in particular 50 to 200 phr of at least one filler, meaning the total amount of all fillers contained.
- the total filler content is 30 to 150 phr, particularly preferably 60 to 140 phr, again preferably 80 to 130 phr, again particularly preferably 100 to 130 phr and again very particularly preferably 110 to 130 phr.
- fillers known to those skilled in the art, such as soot, carbon nanotubes, silica, aluminosilicates, layered silicates such as kaolin, calcium carbonate (chalk), starch, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium oxides, aluminum oxides, titanium dioxide, or rubber gels.
- the rubber composition preferably contains at least one silica as a filler.
- the silicas can be the silicas known to those skilled in the art which are suitable as fillers for rubber compositions.
- a finely divided, precipitated silica which has a nitrogen surface (BET surface) (according to DIN ISO 9277) of 35 to 350 m2/g, preferably of 35 to 260 m2/g , particularly preferably from 100 to 260 m2 / g and very particularly preferably from 115 to 235 m2 / g, and a CTAB surface (according to ASTM D 3765) from 30 to 400 m2 / g, preferably from 30 to 250 m2 / g, particularly preferably from 80 to 250 m2/g and very particularly preferably from 80 to 230 m2/g.
- Silicas can therefore be used, for example: B.
- silane coupling agents can be used in a rubber composition.
- One or more different silane coupling agents can be used in combination with one another.
- the rubber composition can therefore contain a mixture of different silanes.
- silane Coupling agents react with the surface silanol groups of the silica or other polar groups during the mixing of the rubber or the rubber composition (in situ) or before the filler is added to the rubber in the sense of a pretreatment (premodification).
- All silane coupling agents known to those skilled in the art for use in rubber compositions can be used as silane coupling agents.
- Such coupling agents known from the prior art are bifunctional organosilanes which have at least one alkoxy, cycloalkoxy or phenoxy group on the silicon atom as a leaving group and which, as other functionality, have a group which optionally, after cleavage, undergoes a chemical reaction with the double bonds of the polymer.
- the rubber composition according to the invention contains at least one plasticizer, the total amount of plasticizer preferably being 5 to 150 phr.
- the plasticizers used in the present invention include all plasticizers known to those skilled in the art, such as aromatic, naphthenic or paraffinic mineral oil plasticizers, such as. B. MES (mild extraction solvate) or RAE (Residual Aromatic Extract) or TDAE (treated distillate aromatic extract), or rubber-to-liquid oils (RTL) or biomass-to-liquid oils (BTL) preferably with a content of polycyclic aromatics of less than 3% by weight according to method IP 346 or facts, or plasticizer resins or natural oils (sunflower oil, rapeseed oil).
- the rubber composition may contain 5 to 40 phr, preferably 10 to 30 phr, of plasticizer.
- the rubber additive is used to reduce the amount of plasticizer in the rubber composition or to replace a plasticizer. In this case, less plasticizer is used in the rubber composition according to the invention than would be the case in a rubber composition without the rubber additive. This can be advantageous in certain cases, for example for environmental protection or economic reasons.
- the rubber composition preferably also contains substances required for crosslinking, such as zinc oxide, accelerators and/or sulfur. It is particularly advantageous if the rubber composition according to the invention contains zinc oxide or zinc-containing compounds for activating sulfur vulcanization.
- the vulcanization of the rubber composition is optionally carried out in the presence of sulfur and/or sulfur donors and with the aid of vulcanization accelerators, whereby some vulcanization accelerators can also act as sulfur donors and sulfur and/or sulfur donors as well as vulcanization accelerators in the prior art known amounts can be used. Sulfur and/or sulfur donors as well as one or more accelerators are added to the rubber composition in the stated amounts in the last mixing step.
- the accelerator is selected from the group consisting of thiazole accelerators and/or mercapto accelerators and/or sulfenamide accelerators and/or thiocarbamate accelerators and/or thiuram accelerators and/or thiophosphate accelerators and/or thiourea accelerators and/or xanthate accelerators and/or guanidine accelerators.
- sulfenamide accelerator which is selected from the group consisting of N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesufenamide (CBS) and/or N,N-dicyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (DCBS) and/or benzothiazyl-2-sulfenmorpholide ( MBS) and/or 2,2 ⁇ -dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) and/or N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide (TBBS).
- CBS N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesufenamide
- DCBS N,N-dicyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide
- MBS benzothiazyl-2-sulfenmorpholide
- MBTS 2,2 ⁇ -dibenzothiazyl disulfide
- TBBS N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazyls
- a sulfenamide accelerator, particularly preferably CBS, is preferably used in combination with the guanidine accelerator DPG (1,3-diphenylguanidine).
- the amount of DPG is 0 to 5 phr, preferably 0.1 to 3 phr, particularly preferably 0.5 to 2.5 phr, very particularly preferably 1 to 2.5 phr.
- the rubber composition can contain customary additives in customary parts by weight.
- the additives can be selected from the list consisting of anti-aging agents, activators, waxes, resins, mastication aids and processing aids and mixtures thereof.
- anti-aging agents examples include N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD), N,N'-ditolyl-p-phenylenediamine (DTPD), N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD) and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ) can be used.
- the rubber composition according to the invention preferably comprises 0.1 to 3 phr of anti-aging agents.
- activators examples include zinc oxide and fatty acids (e.g.
- the rubber composition according to the invention preferably comprises 0.5 to 10 phr, preferably 2 to 5 phr, of activators.
- the rubber composition according to the invention preferably comprises 0.1 to 3 phr of waxes.
- Plasticizer resins such as, for example, can be used as resins.
- the rubber composition according to the invention preferably comprises 5 to 150 phr, preferably 15 to 50 phr of resins.
- the rubber composition according to the invention preferably comprises 0.1 to 3 phr of mastication aids.
- fatty acid salts such as: B. zinc soaps are used.
- the inventive The rubber composition according to the invention preferably comprises 0.5 to 10 phr, preferably 2 to 5 phr, processing aids.
- the rubber composition contains a) 0.1 to 3 phr of anti-aging agents, b) 0.5 to 10 phr, preferably 2 to 5 phr of activators, c) 0.1 to 3 phr of waxes, d) 5 to 100 phr, preferably 15 to 50 phr resins, e) 0.1 to 3 phr mastication aids, and f) 0.5 to 10 phr, preferably 2 to 5 phr processing aids.
- the proportion of the total amount of further additives is 3 to 150 phr, preferably 3 to 100 phr and particularly preferably 5 to 80 phr.
- the rubber composition preferably contains between 0.1 to 40 phr of fatty acid esters, as well as 1 to 40, 2 to 40, 3 to 40, 4 to 40 or 5 to 40.
- the rubber composition contains 1 to 30 phr, as well 2 to 30, 3 to 30, 4 to 30 and especially 5 to 30 phr fatty acid esters.
- the fatty acid esters according to the invention can either be added to an existing rubber composition in a so-called “on top” use (in addition to other plasticizers). In such a case, use concentrations between 0.5 to 5 phr are preferred.
- the fatty acid esters according to the invention can also be used to completely or at least partially replace other plasticizers.
- the composition has a rolling resistance, tan delta, that is at least 5%, preferably 10%, in particular 15% lower, after vulcanization 60 ° C, and / or a 5%, preferably 10%, in particular 15% higher wet adhesion, tan delta at 0 ° C.
- the composition preferably has improved processability, in particular a Mooney viscosity that is at least 5%, preferably 10%, in particular 15% lower and/or a correspondingly lower material pressure during extrusion.
- the composition preferably has an improved stiffness, in particular a tensile strength and/or elongation at break and/or tensile strength module 100% and/or tensile strength module 300% higher by at least 5%, preferably 10%, in particular 15%.
- the above-mentioned improvements can be determined in comparison to an otherwise identical composition which, instead of the additive according to the invention, comprises a rubber additive known from the prior art in an identical amount. To check, two otherwise identical rubber compositions are produced and their properties are then compared.
- the improvements mentioned above can be determined in comparison to an otherwise identical composition which, instead of the additive according to the invention, comprises a plasticizer known from the prior art in an identical amount.
- Commercially available materials such as Tudalen 4192, can be used as known plasticizers.
- two otherwise identical rubber compositions are produced and their properties are then compared.
- the above improvements can also be determined in comparison to an otherwise identical composition, which does not contain the rubber additive according to the invention.
- two identical rubber compositions are produced and the rubber additive according to the invention is additionally added to one of them.
- the properties of the two rubber compositions are then compared with each other.
- the rubber composition is suitable for producing tread compounds for tires.
- the rubber composition according to the invention is also suitable for treads which consist of various tread mixtures arranged next to one another and/or one below the other (multi-component treads).
- the rubber additive defined above is usually produced by simply mixing the components. This continues until a desired homogeneous mixture is achieved. Suitable mixing devices are known to those skilled in the art.
- the rubber composition according to the invention is produced in a conventional manner, with a basic mixture, which contains all components with the exception of the vulcanization system (sulfur and substances influencing vulcanization), generally being first produced in one or more mixing stages and then The finished mixture is produced by adding the vulcanization system.
- the composition can then be further processed, e.g. B. by an extrusion process, and into the appropriate shape, e.g. B.
- tires are understood to mean pneumatic vehicle tires and solid rubber tires, including tires for industrial and construction site vehicles, truck, car and two-wheeler tires.
- the tire has the rubber composition according to the invention at least in the tread.
- the present invention further relates to a method for producing a tire, wherein one or more components of the tire are produced from the rubber composition according to the invention and the rubber composition is cured.
- the use of the rubber composition according to the invention can significantly improve the process for producing tires and treads.
- the present invention further relates to the use of fatty acid esters of at least one C 8 to C 22 fatty acid and a compound selected from C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a polyol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and/or copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide as rubber additives - tive in a rubber composition to improve the Mooney viscosity and/or extrusion properties of the rubber composition and/or to improve at least one of abrasion, wet grip and/or rolling resistance of a tire made from the rubber composition.
- At least one of the properties mentioned is improved compared to a rubber composition which, instead of the rubber additive according to the invention, comprises a known rubber additive in an identical amount.
- Materials known in the prior art that are used as rubber additives can be used as known rubber additives.
- two otherwise identical rubber compositions are produced and their properties are then compared.
- at least one of the properties mentioned is improved by at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, compared to a rubber composition which, instead of the rubber additive according to the invention, comprises a known rubber additive in an identical amount.
- At least one of the properties mentioned is improved by at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, compared to an otherwise identical rubber composition, ie the rubber additive according to the invention is additionally added to the rubber composition.
- the rubber additive according to the invention is additionally added to the rubber composition.
- two identical rubber compositions are produced and the rubber additive according to the invention is additionally added to one of them.
- the properties of the two rubber compositions are then compared.
- at least one of the properties mentioned is improved by at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, compared to a rubber composition which, instead of the rubber additive according to the invention, comprises a known plasticizer in an identical amount, and is otherwise identical.
- Known plasticizers can be commercially available materials such as Tudalen 4192 can be used.
- the extrusion properties of the rubber composition are improved compared to a rubber composition which, instead of the rubber additive according to the invention, comprises a known plasticizer in an identical amount or which does not contain any plasticizer and is otherwise identical.
- the extrusion properties are understood to mean properties such as the extrusion speed, injection swelling, extrusion rate, material pressure, material temperature and/or the surface/edge properties of the extrudate.
- the surface quality and/or edge quality of the extrudate is improved.
- the surface is assessed using a grading system of AE, where A represents the top grade.
- the edges are assessed using a grading system of 1-10, with 10 being the best grade (according to ASTM D 2230).
- the rubber additive according to the invention can be used in particular in a rubber composition for treads.
- the use according to the invention uses a mixture which contains a) one or more solid carrier materials, and b) one or more fatty acid esters, and c) optionally further components such as amides, amino alcohols and/or soaps.
- Inorganic fillers such as silicas
- waxy materials such as polyethylene waxes
- a silica is used as the carrier material.
- the weight ratio of carrier material to fatty acid ester in the mixture is, for example, 10/90 to 90/10, more preferably 20/80 to 80/20 and particularly preferably about 30/70 or 33/67.
- Example 1 Preparation of the rubber additives according to the invention a) Rubber additive A 1217.8 g of ethoxylated glycerol (Aduxol GLY-07 from Shurer + Schläpfer), 835.7 g of fatty acid and 2.0 g of hypophosphorous acid were presented.
- the oleic acid mixture had an acid number of 201.0 mg KOH/g, a saponification number of 202.0 mg KOH/g and an iodine number of 100.0 g iodine/100 g.
- the iodine number was determined according to DIN EN ISO 3961 2018-11 and the saponification number according to DIN EN ISO 3681.
- the mixture was slowly heated to 230 °C and a vacuum was applied. The course of the reaction was monitored by measuring the acid number.
- the fatty acid ester produced had an acid number of 4.6 mg KOH/g. From the measurement of the hydroxyl number it could be deduced that predominantly a monoester was obtained.
- Rubber additive B 592.2 g of polyethylene glycol 400, 408.7 g of fatty acid and 1.0 g of hypophosphorous acid were presented. The fatty acid used was desti.
- Soybean oil fatty acid is used, which contains 2 - 6% C 18 , 20 – 29% C 18:1 , 47 - 58% C 18:2 , 4 - 10% C 18:3 , 9 - 12% C 16 , 0 - 1% C 16:1 , and 0 - 1% C 12+14 contains.
- the soybean oil fatty acid used had an acid number of 194 to 204 mg KOH/g, a saponification number of 195 - 206 mg KOH/g and an iodine number of 125 - 139 g iodine/100 g.
- the mixture was slowly heated to 230 °C and a vacuum was applied. The course of the reaction was monitored by measuring the acid number.
- the fatty acid ester produced had an acid number of 1.9 mg KOH/g.
- the kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C of the fatty acid ester produced was 95.1 mm2 / sec and the dynamic viscosity at 20 ° C was 94.8 mPa s.
- Rubber additive C 352.8 g polypropylene glycol 600, 161.8 g soy fatty acid (see rubber additive B) and 0.5 g of hypophosphorous acid were presented. The mixture was slowly heated to 230 °C and a vacuum was applied. The course of the reaction was monitored by measuring the acid number.
- the fatty acid ester produced had an acid number of 1.7 mg KOH/g.
- Example 2 Preparation of a rubber additive according to the invention Preparation of the rubber composition
- the mixture was prepared under usual conditions in one or more mixing stages. This was then further processed, e.g. B. by an extrusion process and brought into the appropriate shape.
- the various components of each mixture are listed in the tables below. Table 1 For all mixture examples contained in the table, the quantities given (parts by weight) are based on 100 parts by weight of total rubber (phr).
- Test specimens were produced from all mixtures and the material properties typical for the rubber industry were determined using these test specimens using the test methods specified below: ⁇ Mooney viscosity (MS 1+4, 100 °C), after each mixing stage and after aging, respectively according to DIN EN ISO 289-1, ⁇ Extrusion properties (extrusion speed, injection swelling, extrusion rate, material pressure, material temperature) Surface assessment (Garvey Die: surface AE with A as top grade, edges 1-10 with 10 as top grade), each according to ASTM D 2230, ⁇ Material pressure at Different shear rates were measured with an HDK - Göttfert Rheograph 25 (measuring temperature 100 ° C, nozzle geometry: round, length 10 mm, diameter 1 mm).
- ⁇ Rebound elasticity at RT measured according to ASTM D-8059 ⁇ Shore A hardness at room temperature (RT), measured according to DIN EN ISO 868, ⁇ Tear strength, elongation at break and tensile strength measured according to DIN 53 504, parameters for stiffness, also for tire abrasion, ⁇ Stress values at 100 and 300% elongation at room temperature (module 100%, module 300%), according to DIN 53504, ⁇ Loss factor tan delta at -20 °C, 0 °C and 60 °C according to DIN 53545, o Dynamic mechanical Analysis in which the vulcanized material is clamped and dynamically loaded, o Adhesion to snow can be correlated with the tan delta at -20°C (the larger the tan delta at -20°C, the better the snow adhesion), as described in the Encyclopedia of Polymer Blends, Volume 2: Processing, edited by Avraam I.
- Example 3 Comparison against Process Oil
- the properties of a rubber composition containing additive A prepared in Example 1 (Composition B) were compared to the properties of an otherwise identical rubber composition containing only TDAE oil (Composition A). .
- the comparison shows improved processing properties as well as improved tire handling and comparable tire adhesion properties of the rubber composition B according to the invention.
- the rubber composition according to the invention in particular has a lower rolling resistance, tan delta at 60 ° C.
- Table 2 The relevant information and data are shown in Table 2 below.
- Figures 1a-d Images of different extrudates of compositions A and B (after 24 hours and after a week, at 60 1/min and 15 1/min) are shown in Figures 1a-d.
- Figure 1a shows extrudates of compositions A and B after 24 hours at 15 rpm
- Figure 1b shows extrudates of compositions A and B after 24 hours at 60 rpm
- Figure 1c shows extrudates of compositions A and B after one week at 151 rpm
- the extrudates of the rubber composition B according to the invention in all cases have significantly fewer edges and an improved surface structure.
- the rubber composition B according to the invention has better processability (lower Mooney viscosity) and improved rolling resistance (lower tan delta at 60 ° C).
- Example 4 Comparison against composition without rubber additive according to the invention This example compares the properties of a rubber composition with additive A from Example 1 (composition D) with an otherwise identical rubber composition without the additive (composition C).
- Table 3 Images of various extrudates of compositions C and D after 24 hours at 60 1/min and 15 1/min are shown in Figure 2a and b.
- Figure 2a shows extrudates at 15 rpm
- Figure 2b shows extrudates at 60 rpm.
- the extrudates of the rubber composition D according to the invention have an improved surface structure in both cases.
- the rubber composition D according to the invention has better processability (lower Mooney viscosity), improved tire handling (higher rigidity), better abrasion properties (improved ultimate tear properties and lower DIN abrasion values) and improved wet grip (higher tan delta at 0°C) at a comparable rolling resistance (tan delta at 60°C).
- Example 5 Comparison against Glycerol Monooleate
- the properties of a rubber composition containing additive A prepared in Example 1 (Composition E) were compared to the properties of an otherwise identical rubber composition containing glycerin monooleate instead (Composition F). The comparison shows improved processing properties as well as improved tire handling and comparable to improved tire adhesion properties of the rubber composition E according to the invention.
- the rubber composition according to the invention has in particular a lower rolling resistance, tan delta at 60 ° C.
- Table 4 The relevant information and data are shown in Table 4 below.
- Figure 3a-d Images of different extrudates of the compositions E and F (after 24 hours and after a week, at 60 1/min and 15 1/min) are shown in Figure 3a-d.
- Figure 3a shows extrudates of the compositions E and F after 24 hours at 15 l/min
- Figure 3b shows extrudates of the compositions E and F after 24 hours at 60 l/min
- Figure 3c shows extrudates of the compositions E and F after one week at 151/min
- Figure 3d Extrudates of compositions E and F after one week at 60 1/min.
- the extrudates of the rubber composition B according to the invention in all cases have significantly fewer edges and an improved surface structure.
- the rubber composition E according to the invention has improved tire handling (higher rigidity), improved snow grip (higher tan delta at -20 ° C), improved wet grip (higher tan delta at 0 ° C) and improved rolling resistance (lower tan delta at 60 °C).
- Example 6 Comparison of properties of rubber additives AC
- the properties of rubber compositions containing the additives A to C prepared in Example 1 were compared with the properties of an otherwise identical rubber composition which instead contained more TDAE process oil contains (composition G). The comparison (see the data in Table 5) shows improved processing properties.
- compositions H - J according to the invention have improved extrusion properties (low material pressure, improved extrudates) and lower mixed viscosities.
- Additive C (composition J) has, in addition to improved processing (lower Mooney MS values and material pressures), better ultimate tear properties (tear strength, elongation at break and tear strength) as an indicator of better C&C properties (cut & chip) and higher tan delta values 0°C and 20°C as an indicator of better tire grip in wet and dry conditions.
- Additive B shows an even clearer improvement in processability, evident from lower material pressures, especially at high shear rates, with simultaneously improved tear resistance, without the trade-off between wet braking (comparable tan delta at 0°C) and rolling resistance (comparable tan delta at 60°C).
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Abstract
Description
Kautschukzusammensetzung enthaltend Additiv und dessen Verwen- dung Gebiet der Erfindung Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Kautschukzusammenset- zung, die Kautschuk und mindestens ein Kautschukadditiv auf Basis eines Fettsäureesters enthält. Weiterhin betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung die Verwendung des Kautschukadditivs in einer Kautschukzusammensetzung, und einen Reifen, bei dem we- nigstens ein Bauteil zumindest teilweise aus der erfindungsge- mäßen Kautschukzusammensetzung hergestellt ist sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung. Hintergrund der Erfindung Der Trend in der Entwicklung von Laufstreifenmischungen für Ganzjahres- und Winterreifen ist in den letzten Jahren be- stimmt durch die Verbesserungen der Eigenschaften Reifengrip (Bodenhaftung) bei niedrigen Temperaturen und Reifenabrieb (Steifigkeit). Um dies zu erreichen, enthalten die jeweiligen Kautschukzusammensetzungen zum Beispiel Kautschuke mit hoher Kettenlänge. Dies hat eine schlechte Verarbeitung (hohe Visko- sität, fehlende Grünfestigkeit) der Gummimischung zur Folge. In der Kautschukindustrie existieren eine Vielzahl von Verar- beitungshilfen, bei deren Anwendung jedoch mindestens eine an- dere Eigenschaft verschlechtert wird, wie zum Beispiel eine niedrigere Steifigkeit (= höherer Reifenabrieb, schlechteres Handling) oder ein höherer Rollwiderstand. Typischerweise wer- den hierfür (Kälte-) Weichmacher der Kautschukrezeptur beige- fügt. Dieser Kompromiss zwischen Verarbeitung und den Performance- kriterien Reifengrip bei niedrigen Temperaturen/ Reifenabrieb und Reifenrollwiderstand ist in der heutigen Reifenmischungs- entwicklung nicht mehr akzeptiert, da Sicherheitsaspekte (kür- zere Bremswege bei niedrigen Temperaturen) und die Diskussio- nen über Feinstaub (Reifenabrieb, Mikroplastik) Argumente für ein effektives Marketing sind und somit die Verkäufe von Rei- fen maßgeblich mitbestimmen. US 2017/0051134 A1 betrifft eine Reifenkautschukzusammenset- zung mit verbesserter Dispergierbarkeit von Kieselsäure in ei- nem Kautschuk und daraus hergestellten Reifen. Die Zusammen- setzung umfasst Kautschukverbindung und Glycerinfettsäuremonoester sowie Kieselsäure. US 2019/0233622 Al offenbart mit Fettsäuren verestertes, ethoxyliertes Glycerin für den Einsatz in Kautschukzusammen- setzungen für Reifen mit verbesserter Verarbeitbarkeit und Ab- riebresistenz (siehe Anspruch 1, Absätze [0001] bis [0003]). Der Reifenabrieb wird maßgeblich durch die Glasübergangstempe- ratur der Kautschuke (Tan delta max peak, DMA) bestimmt. Eine Verbesserung des Rollwiderstands der hergestellten Reifen wird in US 2019/0233622 Al nicht beschrieben. Der Rollwiderstand wird durch Materialien, die den tan delta bei 60 °C verändern, beeinflusst. Abrieb und Rollwiderstand sind voneinander unab- hängige Größen und der Fachmann würde von einer Verbesserung des Einen nicht notwendigerweise auf eine Verbesserung des An- deren schließen. Eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht in der Ent- wicklung eines neuen Additivs für Winter- und Ganzjahresrei- fen, das die Verarbeitungseigenschaften der Kautschukzusammen- setzung verbessert, die für die Herstellung dieser Reifen ver- wendet wird. Gleichzeitig sollen die übrigen Performanceeigen- schaften der Reifen, insbesondere der Rollwiderstand und die Eigenschaften bezüglich Schneehaftung und Haftung unter tro- ckenen Bedingungen, sowie der Reifenabrieb nicht beeinträch- tigt oder sogar zumindest teilweise ebenfalls verbessert wer- den. Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Extrusionseigenschaften sowie die Beschaffenheit der Oberflä- chen und Kanten von Extrudaten (Garvey Die), die aus der Kaut- schukzusammensetzung hergestellt werden, zu verbessern. Zusammenfassung der Erfindung Gelöst wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch eine Kautschuk- zusammensetzung, die Kautschuk und mindestens ein Kautschukad- ditiv enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens ei- ne Kautschukadditiv Fettsäureester umfasst, welcher Fettsäure- ester aus mindestens einer C8- bis C22-Fettsäure und mindestens einer Verbindung ausgewählt aus C2- bis C4-Alkoxylat eines Polyols, Polyethylenglykol, Polypropylenglykol und/oder Copolymer aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid hergestellt ist. Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von Fettsäureestern aus mindestens einer C8– bis C22-Fettsäure und mindestens einer Verbindung ausgewählt aus C2- bis C4-Alkoxylat eines Polyols, Polyethylenglykol, Polypropylenglykol und/oder Copolymer aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid als Kautschukadditiv in einer Kautschukzusammen- setzung zur Verbesserung der Mooney-Viskosität und/oder Extrusionseigenschaften der Kautschukzusammensetzung und/oder zur Verbesserung von mindestens einem von Abrieb, Nasshaftung und/oder Rollwiderstand eines aus der Kautschukzusammensetzung hergestellten Reifens. Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Reifens, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass ein oder mehrere Bauteile des Reifens aus einer Kautschukzusammensetzung wie hierin definiert hergestellt wer- den und die Kautschukzusammensetzung ausgehärtet wird. Ein weiterer Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung betrifft einen Reifen, bei dem wenigstens ein Bauteil zumindest teilweise aus einer Kautschukzusammensetzung wie hierin definiert herge- stellt wurde, und der Reifen vorzugsweise ein Ganzjahres- oder Winterreifen ist, wobei das Bauteil insbesondere ein Lauf- streifen ist. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprü- che. Ausführungsformen der Erfindungen umfassen die im Folgen- den aufgeführten Bestandteile und können insbesondere aus die- sen bestehen. Kurze Beschreibung der Figuren Figuren 1a-d zeigen verschiedene Extrudate (nach 24h und nach einer Woche, bei 60 1/min und 151/min), die aus den Kaut- schukzusammensetzungen A und B wie in Beispiel 3 beschrieben hergestellt wurden (Figur 1a: nach 24h bei 151/min; Figur 1b: nach 24h bei 60 1/min; Figur 1c: nach einer Woche bei 15 1/min; Figur 1d: nach einer Woche bei 601/min). Figuren 2a-b zeigen verschiedene Extrudate nach 24h (bei 60 1/min und 151/min), die aus den Kautschukzusammensetzungen C und D wie in Beispiel 4 beschrieben hergestellt wurden (Figur 2a: nach 24h bei 151/min; Figur 2b: nach 24h bei 601/min). Figuren 3a-d zeigen verschiedene Extrudate (nach 24h und nach einer Woche, bei 60 1/min und 151/min), die aus den Kaut- schukzusammensetzungen E und F wie in Beispiel 5 beschrieben hergestellt wurden (Figur 3a: nach 24h bei 151/min; Figur 3b: nach 24h bei 60 1/min; Figur 3c: nach einer Woche bei 15 1/min; Figur 3d: nach einer Woche bei 601/min). Figuren 4a-b zeigen verschiedene Extrudate (bei 15 1/min und 60 1/min), die aus den Kautschukzusammensetzungen G bis J wie in Beispiel 6 beschrieben hergestellt wurden (Figur 4a: nach 24h bei 151/min; Figur 4b: nach 24h bei 601/min). Figur 5 zeigt den Verlauf des Materialdrucks der Kautschukzu- sammensetzungen G bis J aus Beispiel 6 bei verschiedenen Scherraten. Ausführliche Beschreibung der Erfindung Die Erfinder haben überraschenderweise festgestellt, dass Fettsäureester, die aus mindestens einer C8- bis C22- Fettsäure (Fettsäurekomponente, wie nachstehend näher definiert) und mindestens einer Verbindung ausgewählt aus C2- bis C4-Alkoxylat eines Polyols, Polyethylenglykol, Polypropylenglykol und/oder Copolymer aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid (Polyolkomponente, wie nachstehend näher definiert) hergestellt sind, positive Eigenschaften in einer Kautschukzusammensetzung besitzen. Im Folgenden werden die Bestandteile der erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukzusammensetzung näher beschrieben. Sämtliche Ausfüh- rungen gelten auch für den erfindungsgemäßen Reifen, bei dem wenigstens ein Bauteil zumindest teilweise aus der erfindungs- gemäßen Kautschukzusammensetzung besteht, dessen Herstellung sowie die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung der hierin definierten Fettsäureester. Die in dieser Schrift verwendete Angabe phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber by weight) ist dabei die in der Kautschukin- dustrie übliche Mengenangabe für Mischungsrezepturen. Die Do- sierung der Gewichtsteile der einzelnen Substanzen wird in dieser Schrift auf 100 Gewichtsteile der gesamten Masse aller in der Mischung vorhandenen hochmolekularen und dadurch festen Kautschuke bezogen. Polyolkomponente Der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäureester ist aus mindestens einer Verbindung ausgewählt aus C2- bis C4-Alkoxylat eines Polyols, Polyethylenglykol, Polypropylenglykol und/oder Copolymer aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid hergestellt (Polyolkomponente), die mit einer C8- bis C22-Fettsäure verestert wurde. In einer Ausführungsform weist die Polyolkomponente 2 bis 8 Hydroxylgruppen, wie 2 bis 6 Hydroxylgruppen auf. Vorzugweise weist die Polyolkomponente zwischen 2 und 4 Hydroxylgruppen auf. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die zur Herstellung des Fettsäureesters eingesetzte Polyolkomponente 2 oder 3 Hydroxylgruppen auf. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Polyolkomponente keine aromatischen Gruppen auf. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht die erfindungsge- mäße Polyolkomponente nur aus Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff. In einer Ausführungsform ist der Fettsäureester aus C8- bis C22-Fettsäure und mindestens einem Polyether wie Polyethylenglykol (PEG), Polypropylenglykol (PPG) und/oder Copolymer aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid hergestellt. Die Copolymere aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid können statisti- sche Copolymere oder Blockcopolymere sein. Dem Fachmann ist bekannt, dass Polyether mit höheren Molmassen polymolekular sind, d. h., aus Verteilungen von Makromolekülen mit unter- schiedlichen Molmassen bestehen. Es können erfindungsgemäß Polyethylenglykole, Polypropylenglykole und/oder Copolymere aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid mit einem mittleren Moleku- largewicht im Bereich von etwa 200 bis 1500 g/Mol verwendet werden, z.B. 200 bis 800 g/mol, wie etwa 400 g/mol zur Her- stellung des Fettsäureesters eingesetzt werden. In einer Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurees- ter hergestellt aus Polyethylenglykol (PEG), Polypropylenglykol (PPG) und/oder Copolymer aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid, das mit einer C8- bis C22-Fettsäure verestert wurde. In einer Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurees- ter hergestellt aus Polyethylenglykol oder Polypropylenglykol. In einer Ausführungsform ist der Fettsäureester aus mindestens einem Polyethylenglykol oder Polypropylenglykol mit einem Mo- lekulargewicht von 200 bis 800 g/mol, insbesondere 400 g/mol bis 600 g/mol hergestellt. In einer Ausführungsform ist der Fettsäureester aus mindestens einem Polyethylenglykol mit einem Molekulargewicht von 200 (PEG 200) bis 800 g/mol (PEG 800), wie 400 bis 600 g/mol, ins- besondere 400 g/mol (PEG 400) hergestellt. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist der Fettsäureester aus mindestens einem Polypropylenglykol mit einem Molekulargewicht von 200 bis 800 g/mol, wie 400 bis 600 g/mol, insbesondere 600 g/mol hergestellt. In einer Ausführungsform ist der Fettsäureester aus mindestens einem statistischen Copolymer aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid mit einem Molekulargewicht von 200 bis 800 g/mol, wie 400 bis 600 g/mol, insbesondere 400 g/mol hergestellt. In einer bevor- zugten Ausführungsform weist das statistische Copolymer aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid einen Gehalt an Ethylenoxidgruppen von 10 bis 30 Gew.-% auf. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist der Fettsäureester aus mindestens einem Block-Copolymer aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid mit einem Molekulargewicht von 50 bis 4500 g/mol, wie 200 bis 3000 und insbesondere 500 bis 2500 g/mol herge- stellt. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist das Ethylenoxid/Propylenoxid-Blockcopolymer einen Gehalt an Ethylenoxidgruppen von 10 bis 80 Gew.-%, wie 10 bis 55 Gew.-% auf. Die Blockcopolymere können aufgebaut sein, in dem sich in der Mitte Polypropylenglykolmoleküls und an beiden Enden Polyoxyethylengruppen befinden. Die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Ethylenoxid/Propylenoxid- Blockcopolymere sind handelsübliche Verbindungen. Sie können durch die durch Umsetzung von Polypropylenglykol mit Ethylenoxid hergestellt werden. Beispiele für Ethylenoxid/Propylenoxid-Blockcopolymere sind die Pluronic PE Polymere der BASF SE, wie Pluronic PE 3100, Pluronic PE 3500, Pluronic PE 4300, Pluronic PE 6100, Pluronic PE 6120, Pluronic PE 6200, Pluronic PE 6400, Pluronic PE 6800, Pluronic PE 8100, Pluronic PE 9200, Pluronic PE 9400, Pluronic PE 10100, Pluronic PE 10300, Pluronic PE 10400 und Pluronic PE 10500. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist der Fettsäureester aus min- destens einem C2- bis C4-Alkoxylat eines Polyols hergestellt. Unter Polyole, sind solche Stoffe zu verstehen, die über min- destens zwei freie Hydroxylgruppen verfügen. Der Kohlenwasser- stoffteil des Polyols ist eine Gruppe, die Kohlenstoff und Wasserstoff enthält, wobei mindestens zwei Kohlenstoffatome an eine Hydroxylgruppe gebunden sind. Sie kann geradkettig oder verzweigt sein, insbesondere geradkettig, und gegebenenfalls durch ein Heteroatom unterbrochen sein. Ein C2- bis C4-Alkoxylat eines Polyols ist ein Polyol, welches mit einem C2- bis C4-Alkylenoxid umgesetzt wurde, wobei an ei- ner Hydroxylgruppe des Polyols mehrere Reaktionen hintereinan- der stattfinden können. Beispiele von C2- bis C4-Alkylenoxiden sind Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid und 1-Butenoxid. Die Umsetzung der Polyole mit dem C2- bis C4-Alkylenoxid erfolgt mittels gän- giger Verfahren. Es können auch gemischte C2- bis C4-Alkoxylate eingesetzt wer- den, bei denen ein Polyol unter Verwendung von einem Gemisch von C2- bis C4-Alkylenoxiden umgesetzt wird (Gemisch aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid und/oder 1-Butylenoxid) In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Fettsäureester aus mindestens einem Polyolalkoxylat mit bis zu 10, wie 5 bis 10, z. B. 7 Alkylenoxid-Einheiten hergestellt. Das C2- bis C4-Alkoxylat eines Polyols kann ein mittleres Mole- kulargewicht im Bereich von etwa 200 bis 1500 g/Mol aufweisen, wie etwas 200 bis 800 g/mol, insbesondere 300 bis 500 g/mol. In einer Ausführungsform weist das C2- bis C4-Alkoxylat eines Polyols 2 bis 8 Hydroxylgruppen, wie 2 bis 6 Hydroxylgruppen auf. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist das zur Her- stellung des Fettsäureesters eingesetzte C2- bis C4-Alkoxylat eines Polyols zwischen 2 und 4 Hydroxylgruppen, wie 2 oder 3 Hydroxylgruppen auf. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Fettsäureester aus mindestens einem Polyolethoxylat mit bis zu 10, wie 5 bis 10, z. B. 7 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten (EO-Einheiten) hergestellt. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Fettsäu- reester aus mindestens einem Polyolpropoxylat mit bis zu 10 wie 5 bis 10, z. B. 7 Propylenoxid-Einheiten (PO-Einheiten) hergestellt. Das Polyolethoxylat oder Polyolpropoxylat weist vorzugsweise zwischen 2 und 4 Hydroxylgruppen auf. Das Polyol des C2- bis C4-Alkoxylats kann ein C2- bis C15-Polyol sein. Dies bedeutet, dass das Polyol 2 bis 15 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist. Als C2- bis C15-Polyolkomponente des Alkoxylats wird vorzugsweise C2- bis C10-Polyol und insbesondere C2- bis C6- Polyol eingesetzt. Die Polyole weisen vorzugsweise 2 bis 8 Hydroxylgruppen auf, wie 2 bis 8 und insbesondere 2 bis 4 Hydroxylgruppen, wie 2 oder 3 Hydroxylgruppen. Beispiele von Polyolen, die mit einem C2- C4-Alkylenoxid umge- setzt werden können sind Ethylenglykol, Propylenglykol, Diethylenglykol, Triethylenglykol, Tetraethylenglykol, 1,3- Propandiol, Glycerin, Pentaerythrit, Dipentaerythrit, Tripentaerythrit, Trimethylolethan, Trimethylolpropan und Mi- schungen davon. Vorzugsweise ist das Polyol des C2- bis C4- Alkoxylats ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Ethylenglykol, Propylenglykol, Diethylenglykol, Triethylenglykol, Tetraethylenglykol, Glycerin und Mischungen davon und ist insbesondere Glycerin. Als Polyole, die mit einem C2- C4-Alkylenoxid umgesetzt werden können, können auch Zuckeralkohole wie beispielsweise Sorbitol, Maltitol, Mannitol, Xylitol und Mischungen davon verwendet werden. Dieses hat den weiteren Vorteil, dass die so produzierten Fettsäureester nachhaltiger produziert werden können. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Polyolkomponente des Fettsäureesters eine Substanz aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyethylenglykol, Polypropylenglykol, ethoxyliertem Glycerin, ethoxyliertem Trimethylolpropan, ethoxyliertem Pentaeryrthritol, ethoxyliertem Sorbitol und/oder Mischungen davon. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Fett- säureester aus C8- bis C22-Fettsäure und ethoxyliertem Glycerin hergestellt, dass insbesondere bis zu 10, wie 5 bis 10, z. B. 7 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten aufweist. Ein erfindungsgemäßes sol- ches Glycerin ist beispielsweise als Aduxol-Gly-07 von Schärer & Schläpfer kommerziell erhältlich. In einer Ausführungsform wird zur Herstellung des Fettsäurees- ters nur eine Polyolkomponente eingesetzt (dies schließt je- doch solche höhermolekulargewichtigen Alkohole ein, die eine gewisse Molekulargewichtsverteilung aufweisen, wie PEG 400). In einer weiteren Ausführungsform werden zur Herstellung des Fettsäureesters mindestens zwei verschiedene Polyolkomponenten eingesetzt. So können z.B. zur Herstellung des Fettsäureesters ein Gemisch aus PEG, PPG und/oder PEG-PPG Copolymer eingesetzt werden. Fettsäurekomponente Die erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurekomponente beruht auf C8- bis C22-Fettsäuren. Dies bedeutet, dass die Fettsäuren 8 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatome aufweisen. Es sei angemerkt, dass unter Fett- säuren üblicherweise aliphatische gesättigte und ungesättigte Carbonsäuren mit nahezu ausschließlich unverzweigter Kohlen- stoff-Kette verstanden werden (siehe z.B. Römpp Chemie Lexikon 9. Auflage 1990, Band 2, S.1343). Erfindungsgemäß werden unter „Fettsäuren“ auch solche Säuren verstanden, die Ungesättigtheiten aufweisen. Ferner können Verzweigungen oder Heteroatome vorhanden sein, solange dies den aliphatischen Charakter der Säuren nicht wesentlich beeinträchtigt. Die erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurekomponente beruht somit auf min- destens einer gesättigten oder ungesättigten, verzweigten oder unverzweigten (= linearen) C8- bis C22-Fettsäure. In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht die erfindungs- gemäße Fettsäurekomponente aus einem Gemisch aus verschiedenen Fettsäuren. Die Fettsäurekomponente kann mindestens zwei, wie mindestens drei, vier oder fünf verschiedene C8- bis C22- Fettsäuren umfassen. Typische Beispiele für Fettsäuren die als Fettsäurekomponente in der vorliegenden Erfindung eingesetzt werden können sind Caprylsäure, Pelargonsäure, Caprinsäure, Undecansäure, Laurin- säure, Tridecansäure, Myristinsäure, Pentadecansäure, Palmitin- säure, Palmitoleinsäure, Margarinsäure, Stearinsäure, Ölsäure, Elaidinsäure, Vaccensäure, Petroselinsäure, Linolsäure, Linolensäure, Ricinolsäure, 12-Hydroxystearinsäure, Arachinsäure, Gadoleinsäure, Gondosäure, Behensäure, Cetoleinsäure und Erucasäure. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht die erfindungsge- mäße Fettsäurekomponente nur aus Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff. Die erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurekomponente kann mindestens eine gesättigte oder ungesättigte, verzweigte oder unverzweigte (= lineare) C10- bis C22– Fettsäure umfassen. Vorzugsweise umfasst die erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurekomponente mindestens eine C12- bis C22– Fettsäure, insbesondere eine ein- fach oder mehrfach ungesättigte, verzweigte oder unverzweigte (= lineare) C16- bis C20-Fettsäure oder Mischungen davon. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die erfindungsge- mäße Fettsäurekomponente mindestens eine einfach oder zweifach ungesättigte C16- bis C20-Fettsäure. Eine zweifach ungesättigte Fettsäure ist eine Fettsäure, deren Kohlenstoffkette zwei Dop- pelbindungen aufweist. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die er- findungsgemäße Fettsäurekomponente mindestens eine einfach un- gesättigte C16- bis C20-Fettsäure und mindestens eine zweifach ungesättigte C16- bis C20-Fettsäure. In einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform um- fasst die erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurekomponente mindestens eine einfach ungesättigte C16- bis C20-Fettsäure, mindestens eine zweifach ungesättigte C16- bis C20-Fettsäure und mindestens eine dreifach ungesättigte C16- bis C20-Fettsäure. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die erfindungsge- mäße Fettsäurekomponente mindestens eine C18- Fettsäure, insbe- sondere eine C18:1- Fettsäure, wie Ölsäure und/oder eine C18:2- Fettsäure. Eine C18:1- Fettsäure ist eine Fettsäure mit 18 Koh- lenstoffatomen, deren Kohlenstoffkette eine Doppelbindung auf- weist. Eine C18:2- Fettsäure ist eine Fettsäure mit 18 Kohlen- stoffatomen, deren Kohlenstoffkette zwei Doppelbindungen auf- weist. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die erfindungsge- mäße Fettsäurekomponente mindestens eine C18:1- Fettsäure sowie mindestens eine C18:2- Fettsäure. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die er- findungsgemäße Fettsäurekomponente mindestens eine C18:1- Fett- säure, mindestens eine C18:2- Fettsäure und mindestens eine C18:3- Fettsäure. Fachleuten ist bekannt, dass zur Herstellung von Fettsäurees- tern verwendete Handelsprodukte in der Regel Mischungen von Fettsäuren enthalten. Außerdem können die Fettsäuren auch als technische Schnitte vor liegen, wie sie bei der Druckspaltung oder Verseifung von natürlichen Fetten und Ölen, beispielswei- se Palmöl, Palmkernöl, Kokosöl, Olivenöl, Sojaöl, Sonnenblu- menöl, Rüböl oder Rindertalg anfallen. In einer Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurees- ter aus einem Gemisch aus Fettsäuren hergestellt, das mindes- tens 50 Gew-%, wie mindestens 75 Gew-%, insbesondere mindes- tens 90 Gew-% C8- bis C22-Fettsäuren umfasst. In einer Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurees- ter aus einem Gemisch aus Fettsäuren hergestellt, das mindes- tens 50 Gew-%, wie mindestens 75 Gew-%, insbesondere mindes- tens 90 Gew-% C12- bis C20-Fettsäuren umfasst. In einer Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurees- ter aus einem Gemisch aus Fettsäuren hergestellt, das mindes- tens 50 Gew-%, wie mindestens 75 Gew-%, insbesondere mindes- tens 90 Gew-% C16- bis C20-Fettsäuren umfasst. Vorzugsweise um- fasst das Gemisch aus Fettsäuren 50 bis 100 Gew-%, wie 75 bis 100 Gew-%, insbesondere 90 bis 100 Gew-% C16- bis C20- Fettsäuren. In einer Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurees- ter aus einem Gemisch aus Fettsäuren hergestellt, das mindes- tens 50 Gew-%, wie mindestens 65 Gew-%, insbesondere mindes- tens 75 Gew-% gesättigte oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesät- tigte C18-Fettsäuren umfasst. In einer Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurees- ter aus einem Gemisch aus Fettsäuren hergestellt, das 50 bis 95 Gew-%, wie 65 bis 90 Gew-%, insbesondere 70 bis 85 Gew-% gesättigte oder einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigte C18- Fettsäuren umfasst. Vorzugsweise enthält das zur Herstellung eingesetzte Gemisch von Fettsäuren mindestens 1 Gew-% gesättigte C18- Fettsäure, 10 Gew-% C18:1- Fettsäure und/oder mindestens 5 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure. In einer Ausführungsform umfasst das Gemisch aus Fettsäuren mindestens 50 Gew-%, wie mindestens 65 Gew-%, insbesondere mindestens 70 Gew-% C18:1- Fettsäure, insbesondere Ölsäure. In einer Ausführungsform umfasst das Gemisch aus Fettsäuren 50 bis 90 Gew-%, wie 65 bis 85 Gew-%, insbesondere 70 bis 80 Gew-% C18:1- Fettsäure, insbesondere Ölsäure. In einer Ausführungsform umfasst das Gemisch aus Fettsäuren 0,1 bis 30 Gew-%, wie 1 bis 15 Gew-%, insbesondere 5 bis 12 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure, insbesondere Linolsäure. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das Gemisch aus Fettsäuren 65 bis 85 Gew-% C18:1- Fettsäure und 1 bis 15 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform umfasst das Gemisch aus Fettsäuren mindestens 5 Gew-%, wie mindestens 10 Gew-%, insbe- sondere mindestens 15 Gew-% C18:1- Fettsäure, insbesondere Öl- säure. Das Gemisch aus Fettsäuren kann 5 bis 50 Gew-%, wie 10 bis 40 Gew-%, insbesondere 15 bis 35 Gew-% C18:1- Fettsäure umfassen, insbesondere Ölsäure. Das Gemisch aus Fettsäuren kann 10 bis 90 Gew-%, wie 25 bis 75 Gew-%, insbesondere 40 bis 65 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure umfassen, insbesondere Linolsäure. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das Gemisch aus Fettsäuren 10 bis 40 Gew-% C18:1- Fettsäure und 25 bis 75 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure, wie 15 bis 35 Gew-% C18:1- Fettsäure und 40 bis 65 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure. Weiterhin kann das Gemisch aus Fettsäuren 0,1 bis 30 Gew-%, wie 1 bis 20 Gew-%, insbesondere 2 bis 15 Gew-% C18:3- Fettsäure umfassen. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das Ge- misch aus Fettsäuren 10 bis 40 Gew-% C18:1- Fettsäure, 25 bis 75 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure und 1 bis 20 Gew-% C18:3- Fettsäure. Ins- besondere umfasst das Gemisch aus Fettsäuren 15 bis 35 Gew-% C18:1- Fettsäure und 40 bis 65 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure und 2 bis 15 Gew-% C18:3- Fettsäure. Die Säurezahl der eingesetzten Fettsäure bzw. des eingesetzten Fettsäuregemischs beträgt vorzugsweise 100 bis 300 mg KOH/g, insbesondere 150 bis 250 mg KOH/g. Die Messung der Säurezahl erfolgt mittels DIN EN ISO 2114. Die Verseifungszahl der eingesetzten Fettsäure bzw. des einge- setzten Fettsäuregemischs beträgt vorzugsweise 100 bis 300 mg KOH/g, insbesondere 150 bis 250 mg KOH/g. Die Verseifungszahl gibt die Menge Kaliumhydroxid in mg an, die für die Verseifung von 1 g der zu untersuchenden Probe erforderlich ist. Die Mes- sung der Verseifungszahl erfolgt mittels DIN EN ISO 3681. Die Iodzahl der eingesetzten Fettsäure bzw. des eingesetzten Fettsäuregemischs beträgt vorzugsweise 10 bis 200 g Iod/100 g, insbesondere 50 bis 150 g Iod/100 g. Die Jodzahl kennzeichnet den Grad der Ungesättigtkeit der Probe. Die Messung der Iodzahl erfolgt mittels DIN EN ISO 39612018-1. Fettsäureester Die Veresterung der Polyole mit den Fettsäuren kann in bekann- ter Weise durchgeführt werden. Als saure Katalysatoren können hierbei beispielsweise hypophosphorige Säure, Methansulfonsäure, Butansulfonsäure, p-Toluolsulfonsäure, Naphthalinsulfonsäure, Alkylbenzolsulfonsäure, Sulfobernsteinsäure und/oder Mischungen davon eingesetzt wer- den. Es empfiehlt sich ferner, die Veresterung bei erhöhten Temperaturen, beispielsweise bei 140 bis 250°C, vorzugsweise bei 180 bis 240°C durchzuführen. In einer bevorzugten Ausfüh- rungsform wird der Fettsäureester durch erhitzen in hypophosphorige Säure hergestellt. Wie oben beschrieben kann der Fettsäureester aus einem Gemisch von verschiedenen Fettsäuren und/oder Polyolen hergestellt werden. In einer Ausführungsform besteht der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäu- reester nur aus Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff. In einer Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurees- ter hergestellt aus mindestens einem C2- bis C4-Alkoxylat eines C2- bis C6-Polyols und mindestens einer C12- bis C22-Fettsäure, vorzugsweise mindestens einer ungesättigten C16- bis C20- Fettsäure. Der Fettsäureester ist vorzugsweise ein teilweiser Ester (d. h., nicht alle –OH-Gruppen des Polyols, aus dem der Ester ge- bildet wird, sind verestert) und ist insbesondere zu mindes- tens 40 Gew.-%, wie mindesten 70 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Ge- samtmasse an teilweisen und vollständigen Estern, ein Mono- fettsäureester einer oder eines Gemisches von C8- bis C22- Fettsäuren. In einer Ausführungsform besteht der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäu- reester im Wesentlichen aus Monofettsäureester. In einer Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurees- ter ein Monofettsäureester von C2- bis C4-Alkoxylat eines C2- bis C6-Polyols und mindestens einer C16- bis C20-Fettsäure, vor- zugsweise einer ungesättigten C16- bis C20-Fettsäure. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäureester ein Monofettsäureester von Polyethylenglykol und mindestens einer C12- bis C22-Fettsäure, vorzugsweise min- destens einer ungesättigten C16- bis C20-Fettsäure. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäureester ein Monofettsäureester von Polypropylenglykol und mindestens einer C12- bis C22-Fettsäure, vorzugsweise min- destens einer ungesättigten C16- bis C20-Fettsäure. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäureester ein Monofettsäureester von Copolymer von Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid und mindestens einer C12- bis C22- Fettsäure, vorzugsweise mindestens einer ungesättigten C16- bis C20-Fettsäure. Das Copolymer aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid kann ein statistisches Copolymer oder Blockcopolymer sein. In einer Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurees- ter ein Gemisch aus Monofettsäureestern von Polyethylenglykol oder Polypropylenglykol, wobei das zur Herstellung eingesetzte Gemisch von Fettsäuren mindestens 50 Gew-% C16- bis C20- Fettsäuren, vorzugsweise mindestens 50 Gew-% gesättigte oder (mehrfach) ungesättigte C18- Fettsäureumfasst. Das zur Herstel- lung eingesetzte Gemisch von Fettsäuren kann 50 bis 95 Gew-%, wie 65 bis 90 Gew-%, insbesondere 70 bis 85 Gew-% gesättigte oder (mehrfach) ungesättigte C18-Fettsäuren umfassen. Vorzugs- weise umfasst das Gemisch mindestens 10 % C18:1- Fettsäure und/oder mindestens 5 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäureester ein Gemisch aus Monofettsäureestern von Polyethylenglykol oder Polypropylenglykol, wobei das zur Her- stellung eingesetzte Gemisch von Fettsäuren 65 bis 85 Gew-% C18:1- Fettsäure und/oder 1 bis 15 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure um- fasst. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der erfin- dungsgemäße Fettsäureester ein Gemisch aus Monofettsäureestern von Polyethylenglykol oder Polypropylenglykol, wobei das zur Herstellung eingesetzte Gemisch von Fettsäuren 10 bis 40 Gew-% C18:1- Fettsäure und/oder 25 bis 75 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure und/oder 1 bis 20 Gew-% C18:3- Fettsäure umfasst. Insbesondere umfasst das Gemisch aus Fettsäuren 15 bis 35 Gew-% C18:1- Fett- säure und 40 bis 65 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure und 2 bis 15 Gew-% C18:3- Fettsäure. In einer Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurees- ter ein Ester aus Polyolethoxylat oder Polyolpropoxylat und einem C8- bis C22-Fettsäureestergemisch, vorzugsweise einem C12- bis C22-Fettsäureestergemisch. In einer Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäurees- ter ein Ester aus ethoxyliertem Glycerin oder Trimethylolpropan, welches bis zu 10, wie 5 bis 10 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten aufweist, und einem Fettsäureestergemisch, wobei das zur Herstellung eingesetzte Gemisch von Fettsäuren mindestens 50 Gew-% C16- bis C20- Fettsäuren, vorzugsweise 50 bis 95 Gew-% gesättigte oder unge- sättigte C18- Fettsäure umfasst. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäureester ein Ester aus ethoxyliertem Glycerin oder ethoxyliertem Trimethylolpropan, welches bis zu 10, wie 5 bis 10 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten aufweist, und einem Fettsäureestergemisch, wobei das zur Herstellung eingesetzte Gemisch von Fettsäuren 65 bis 85 Gew-% C18:1- Fettsäure und/oder 1 bis 15 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure umfasst. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der erfin- dungsgemäße Fettsäureester ein Ester aus ethoxyliertem Glyce- rin oder ethoxyliertem Trimethylolpropan, welches bis zu 10, wie 5 bis 10 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten aufweist, und einem Fettsäureestergemisch, wobei das zur Herstellung eingesetzte Gemisch von Fettsäuren 10 bis 40 Gew-% C18:1- Fettsäure und/oder 25 bis 75 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure und/oder 1 bis 20 Gew-% C18:3- Fettsäure umfasst. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der erfindungsgemäße Fettsäureester ein Monoester aus ethoxyliertem Glycerin oder ethoxyliertem Trimethylolpropan, welches 5 bis 10 Ethylenoxid- Einheiten aufweist, und einem Fettsäureestergemisch, wobei das zur Herstellung eingesetzte Gemisch von Fettsäuren vorzugswei- se mindestens 50 Gew-% gesättigte oder ungesättigte C18- Fett- säure, insbesondere 65 bis 85 Gew-%, C18:1- Fettsäure und/oder 1 bis 15 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure umfasst. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der erfin- dungsgemäße Fettsäureester ein Monoester aus ethoxyliertem Glycerin oder ethoxyliertem Trimethylolpropan, welches bis zu 10, wie 5 bis 10 Ethylenoxid-Einheiten aufweist, und einem Fettsäureestergemisch, wobei das zur Herstellung eingesetzte Gemisch von Fettsäuren 10 bis 40 Gew-% C18:1- Fettsäure und/oder 25 bis 75 Gew-% C18:2- Fettsäure und/oder 1 bis 20 Gew-% C18:3- Fettsäure umfasst. In einer Ausführungsform weist der Fettsäureester eine Säure- zahl (SZ) von 0 bis 10 mg KOH/g auf, wie 2 bis 8 mg KOH/g. Die Messung der Säurezahl kann mittels DIN EN ISO 2114 erfolgen. In einer Ausführungsform weist der Fettsäureester eine Hydroxylzahl (OHZ) von 5 bis 200 mg KOH/g auf, wie 100 bis 190 mg KOH/g und 120 bis 180 mg KOH/g. Die Hydroxylzahl ist die Menge Kaliumhydroxid (KOH) in Milligramm (mg), die den Hydro- xylgruppen entspricht, welche unter festgelegten Prüfbedingun- gen in 1 Gramm des geprüften Produktes acetyliert werden. Die Messung der Hydroxylzahl kann mittels DIN-EN-ISO 4629-1:2016- 12 bestimmt werden. In einer Ausführungsform weist der Fettsäureester einen Pourpoint von 5 bis -50°C auf, wie 0 bis -40°C und -10 bis - 30°C. Der Pourpoint ist die niedrigste Temperatur, bei welcher das Öl eben noch fließt, wenn es unter festgelegten Bedingun- gen abgekühlt wird. Die Messung des Pourpoints kann mittels DIN-ISO 3016 erfolgen. In einer Ausführungsform weist der Fettsäureester eine dynami- sche Viskosität von 50 bis 1000 mPas auf, wie 70 bis 700 mPas und 100 bis 400 mPas. Die dynamische Viskosität ist definiert als der Quotient aus der Schubspannung und dem Geschwindig- keitsgefälle. Die Messung der dynamischen Viskosität kann mit- tels DIN-ISO 3219 erfolgen. Hierfür kann ein Viskosimeter (z. B. ein Roto Visko 1 Viskosimeter der Firma Haake) oder ein Rheometer (z. B. Modular Compact 302 der Firma Anton Paar) eingesetzt werden. Kautschukadditiv Die erfindungsgemäße Kautschukzusammensetzung enthält mindes- tens ein Kautschukadditiv, das Fettsäureester umfasst. In einer Ausführungsform kann das Kautschukadditiv aus dem Fettsäureester bestehen. Alternativ enthält das Kautschukaddi- tiv mindestens 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mindestens 70 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 90 Gew.-% Fettsäureester. Neben dem Fettsäureester kann das Kautschukadditiv auch noch weitere Bestandteile aufweisen. In einer bevorzugten Ausfüh- rungsform enthält das Kautschukadditiv Fettsäureester und/oder Fettsäureseifen, insbesondere Zink- und/oder Kaliumfettsäure- seifen. Die Kautschukadditive der vorliegenden Erfindung können vorzu- gweise in einer Abmischung vorliegen, die ein oder mehrere feste Trägermaterialien und einen oder mehrere Fettsäureester sowie gegebenenfalls weitere Bestandteile enthält. Als Träger- material können vorzugsweise anorganische Füllstoffe (wie bei- spielsweise Kieselsäuren) oder wachsartige Materialien (wie beispielsweise Polyethylenwachse) verwendet werden. In einer bevorzugten Variante wird als Trägermaterial eine Kieselsäure verwendet. Beispiele von kommerziell erhältlichen Kieselsäuren, die in der Abmischung der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendet werden können, sind Sipernat 22 und Sipernat 50 von Evonik. Als weitere Bestandteile können in der Abmischung z. B. Amide, Aminoalkohole und Seifen eingesetzte werden. Es können auch mehrere erfindungsgemäße Fettsäureester in einer Abmischung vorliegen. Das Gewichtsverhältnis von Trägermaterial zu Fettsäureester in der Abmischung beträgt beispielsweise 10/90 bis 90/10, bevor- zugter 20/80 bis 80/20 und besonders bevorzugt etwa 30/70 oder 33/67. Der Einsatz einer Abmischung erleichtert insbesondere die Handhabung der Fettsäureester, wenn diese bei Raumtemperatur flüssig sind. Kautschuk Die erfindungsgemäße Kautschukzusammensetzung enthält mindes- tens einen Kautschuk. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Kautschuk ein mittels Schwefelvernetzung vernetzbarer Kautschuk. Erfindungs- gemäß werden Kautschuke verwendet, die insbesondere zur Her- stellung von Laufstreifenmischungen geeignet sind, die in der Produktion von Reifen eingesetzt werden können. Bevorzugte Kautschuke sind Dienkautschuke. Als Dienkautschuke werden Kautschuke bezeichnet, die durch Polymerisation oder Copolymerisation von Dienen und/oder Cycloalkenen entstehen und somit entweder in der Hauptkette oder in den Seitengruppen C=C-Doppelbindungen aufweisen. Bevorzugte Dienkautschuk sind Butadien-Kautschuk, Polyisopren und Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die Kautschukzu- sammensetzung mindestens einen Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk, Na- turkautschuk, Polyisopren und/oder Butadien-Kautschuk sowie gegebenenfalls deren funktionalisierte Formen. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält die Kautschukzu- sammensetzung mindestens einen Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk (Sty- rol-Butadien-Copolymer). Hierbei kann es sich sowohl um lö- sungspolymerisierten Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk (SSBR) als auch um emulsionspolymerisierten Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk (ESBR) handeln, wobei auch ein Gemisch aus wenigstens einem SSBR und wenigstens einem ESBR eingesetzt werden kann. Die Begriffe „Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk“ und „Styrol-Butadien-Copolymer“ werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung synonym verwendet. Das oder die eingesetzte(n) Styrol-Butadien-Copolymere kann/können mit Modifizierungen und Funktionalisierungen end- gruppenmodifiziert und/oder entlang der Polymerketten funktio- nalisiert sein. Bei der Modifizierung kann es sich um solche mit Hydroxy-Gruppen und/oder Ethoxy-Gruppen und/oder Epoxy- Gruppen und/oder Siloxan-Gruppen und/oder Amino-Gruppen und/oder Aminosiloxan- und/oder Carboxy-Gruppen und/oder Phthalocyanin-Gruppen und/oder Silan-Sulfid-Gruppen handeln. Es kommen aber auch weitere der fachkundigen Person bekannte Modifizierungen, auch als Funktionalisierungen bezeichnet, in Frage. Bestandteil solcher Funktionalisierungen können Metall- atome sein. Bei dem Butadien-Kautschuk (= BR, Polybutadien) kann es sich um alle dem Fachmann bekannten Typen handeln. Darunter fallen u. a. die sogenannten high-cis- und low-cis-Typen, wobei Polybutadien mit einem cis-Anteil größer oder gleich 90 Gew.-% als high-cis-Typ und Polybutadien mit einem cis-Anteil kleiner als 90 Gew.-% als low-cis-Typ bezeichnet wird. Ein low-cis- Polybutadien ist z. B. Li-BR (Lithium-katalysierter Butadien- Kautschuk) mit einem cis-Anteil von 20 bis 50 Gew.-%. Das eingesetzte Polybutadien kann endgruppenmodifiziert und/oder entlang der Polymerketten funktionalisiert sein. Es sei dazu auf die obigen im Zusammenhang mit der Modifizierung und Funktionalisierung von Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk offenbar- ten Möglichkeiten verwiesen, gegebenenfalls angepasst an die Erfordernisse von BR als Kautschukmaterial. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält die Kautschuk- zusammensetzung mindestens einen Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk, bevorzugt in Mengen von 40 bis 100 phr, besonders bevorzugt 70 bis 90 phr. Ferner kann den erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukzusammensetzungen auch ölverstreckter Kautschuk zugesetzt werden. In Bezug auf die eingesetzten Mengen an ölverstrecktem Kautschuk ist es üb- lich, dabei den Ölanteil mit „einzuwiegen“, so dass es dadurch zu Rezepturen mit „Kautschuk“-Mengen von über 100 phr, wie z. B. bis 200 phr, z. B. im Bereich 40 oder 70 bis 140 oder 150 phr, kommen kann. Da der Ölanteil üblicherweise bekannt ist, kann ölverstreckter Kautschuk jedoch so zugesetzt werden, dass die Summe der festen Kautschukkomponenten (vgl. die obige De- finition) so ist, dass insgesamt 100 Gewichtsteile Kautschuk vorliegen. In einer Ausführungsform wird das Kautschukadditiv verwendet, um die Menge an Öl in ölverstrecktem Kautschuk zu reduzieren. In diesem Fall wird in der erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukzusam- mensetzung weniger Öl eingesetzt, als dieses in einer Kaut- schukzusammensetzung mit ölverstrecktem Kautschuk ohne das Kautschukadditiv der Fall wäre. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält die Kautschuk- zusammensetzung mindestens einen Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk, der an den Polymerkettenenden und/oder entlang der Polymerketten (engl. „back bone functionalized“) mit wenigs- tens einer der oben genannten Gruppen funktionalisiert ist. Besonders bevorzugt handelt es sich bei den funktionellen Gruppen um solche Gruppen, die an Kieselsäure anbinden können, wie insbesondere Hydroxy-Gruppen und/oder Ethoxy-Gruppen und/oder Epoxy-Gruppen und/oder Siloxan-Gruppen und/oder Aminosiloxan- und/oder Carboxy-Gruppen und/oder Silan-Sulfid- Gruppen. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält die Kautschuk- zusammensetzung 5 bis 95 phr, vorzugsweise 10 bis 30 phr, min- destens eines Butadien-Kautschuks. Die erfindungsgemäße Kautschukzusammensetzung kann auch natür- liches und/oder synthetisches Polyisopren enthalten. Hierbei kann sowohl cis-1,4-Polyisopren als auch 3,4-Polyisopren ein- gesetzt werden. Vorzugweise enthält die Kautschukzusammenset- zung cis-1,4-Polyisoprenen mit einem cis-1,4-Anteil von mehr als 90 Gew.-%. Bei Naturkautschuk handelt es sich um einen Kautschuk mit einem hohen cis-1,4-Anteil. Auch das eingesetzte Polyisopren endgruppenmodifiziert und/oder entlang der Polymerketten funktionalisiert sein. Es sei dazu auf die obi- gen im Zusammenhang mit der Modifizierung und Funktionalisie- rung von Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk offenbarten Möglichkeiten verwiesen, gegebenenfalls angepasst an die Erfordernisse von Polyisopren als Kautschukmaterial. Die genannten Kautschuke können auch in Kombination miteinan- der in der Kautschukzusammensetzung enthalten sein. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die Kautschukzu- sammensetzung mindestens einen Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk und mindestens einen Butadien-Kautschuk, insbesondere 5 bis 95 phr Butadien-Kautschuk und 5 bis 80 phr Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die Kautschukzusammensetzung mindestens einen Styrol-Butadien- Kautschuk, mindestens einen Butadien-Kautschuk und mindestens einen Naturkautschuk, insbesondere 5 bis 80 phr Butadien- Kautschuk, 5 bis 80 phr Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk und 5 bis 60 phr Naturkautschuk. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die Kautschukzu- sammensetzung mindestens ein flüssiges Polymer (viskose Flüs- sigkeiten bei Normaltemperatur) wie beispielsweise LIR (flüs- siges Polyisopren), LBR (flüssiges Polybutadien) und L-SBR (flüssiges Styrol-Butadien). Als flüssiges Polyisopren kann beispielsweise Kurapren LIR30 und Kurapren LIR50 von Kuraray Co., Ltd. eingesetzt werden. Als flüssiges Polybutadien kann beispielsweise LBR-302, LBR- 307, LBR-305 LBR-352 oder LBR-361 von Kuraray Co., Ltd. einge- setzt werden. Als flüssiges Styrol-Butadien kann beispielswei- se L-SBR-820 oder L-SBR-841 von Kuraray Co., Ltd. Zusätzlich kann die erfindungsgemäße Kautschukzusammensetzung weitere Kautschuke in vergleichsweise geringen Mengen, wie 0,1 bis 50 phr enthalten. Weitere Additive Die Kautschukzusammensetzung der vorliegenden Erfindung kann weitere Additive und Bestandteile enthalten, insbesondere ei- nen oder mehrere Füllstoffe, einen oder mehrere Katalysatoren oder Aktivatoren für eine Schwefelvernetzung und gegebenen- falls weitere Zusatzstoffe. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält die Kautschukzu- sammensetzung der vorliegenden Erfindung weitere Additive und Bestandteile, die für die Herstellung von Laufstreifenmischun- gen für Reifen geeignet sind. Bevorzugt enthält die Kautschukzusammensetzung mindestens ei- nen Füllstoff. Die Kautschukzusammensetzung kann 5 bis 300 phr, bevorzugt 30 bis 300 phr, insbesondere 50 bis 200 phr we- nigstens eines Füllstoffs enthalten, wobei die Gesamtmenge an allen enthaltenen Füllstoffen gemeint ist. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung beträgt der Gesamtfüllstoffgehalt 30 bis 150 phr, besonders bevorzugt 60 bis 140 phr, wiederum bevorzugt 80 bis 130 phr, wiederum besonders bevorzugt 100 bis 130 phr und wiederum ganz beson- ders bevorzugt 110 bis 130 phr. Hierbei kann es sich um alle dem Fachmann bekannten Füllstoffe handeln, wie Ruß, Kohlenstoffnanoröhrchen, Kieselsäure, Alumosilikate, Schichtsilicate wie Kaolin, Calciumcarbonat (Kreide), Stärke, Calciumcarbonat, Bariumsulfat, Magnesiumoxi- de, Aluminiumoxide, Titandioxid, oder Kautschukgele. Bevorzugt enthält die Kautschukzusammensetzung wenigstens eine Kieselsäure als Füllstoff. Bei den Kieselsäuren kann es sich um die dem Fachmann bekannten Kieselsäuren, die als Füllstoff für Kautschukzusammensetzungen geeignet sind, handeln. Beson- ders bevorzugt ist es allerdings, wenn eine fein verteilte, gefällte Kieselsäure verwendet wird, die eine Stickstoff- Oberfläche (BET-Oberfläche) (gemäß DIN ISO 9277) von 35 bis 350 m2/g, bevorzugt von 35 bis 260 m2/g, besonders bevorzugt von 100 bis 260 m2/g und ganz besonders bevorzugt von 115 bis 235 m2/g, und eine CTAB-Oberfläche (gemäß ASTM D 3765) von 30 bis 400 m2/g, bevorzugt von 30 bis 250 m2/g, besonders bevor- zugt von 80 bis 250 m2/g und ganz besonders bevorzugt von 80 bis 230 m2/g, aufweist. Als Kieselsäuren können somit z. B. sowohl jene des Typs Ultrasil® 7000 GR (Handelsname) der Firma Evonik, sowie Ultrasil® VN3 (Handelsname) der Firma Evonik als auch hoch dispergierbare Kieselsäuren, so genannte HD-Kieselsäuren (z. B. Zeosil® 1165 MP der Firma Solvay), zum Einsatz kommen. Zur Verbesserung der Verarbeitbarkeit und zur Anbindung der Kieselsäure und anderer ggf. vorhandener polarer Füllstoffe an den Kautschuk können Silan-Kupplungsagenzien in Kautschukzu- sammensetzung eingesetzt werden. Hierbei können ein oder meh- rere verschiedene Silan-Kupplungsagenzien in Kombination mit- einander eingesetzt werden. Die Kautschukzusammensetzung kann somit ein Gemisch verschiedener Silane enthalten. Die Silan- Kupplungsagenzien reagieren mit den oberflächlichen Silanolgruppen der Kieselsäure oder anderen polaren Gruppen während des Mischens des Kautschuks bzw. der Kautschukzusam- mensetzung (in situ) oder bereits vor der Zugabe des Füllstof- fes zum Kautschuk im Sinne einer Vorbehandlung (Vormodifizie- rung). Als Silan-Kupplungsagenzien können dabei alle dem Fach- mann für die Verwendung in Kautschukzusammensetzung bekannten Silan-Kupplungsagenzien verwendet werden. Solche aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Kupplungsagenzien sind bifunktionelle Organosilane, die am Siliciumatom mindestens eine Alkoxy-, Cycloalkoxy- oder Phenoxygruppe als Abgangsgruppe besitzen und die als andere Funktionalität eine Gruppe aufweisen, die gege- benenfalls nach Spaltung eine chemische Reaktion mit den Dop- pelbindungen des Polymers eingehen kann. Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die erfindungsgemäße Kaut- schukzusammensetzung wenigstens einen Weichmacher enthält, wo- bei die Gesamtmenge an Weichmacher bevorzugt 5 bis 150 phr be- trägt. Zu den im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendeten Weichmachern gehören alle dem Fachmann bekannten Weichmacher wie aromatische, naphthenische oder paraffinische Mineralöl- weichmacher, wie z. B. MES (mild extraction solvate) oder RAE (Residual Aromatic Extract) oder TDAE (treated distillate aromatic extract), oder Rubber-to-Liquid-Öle (RTL) oder Biomass-to-Liquid-Öle (BTL) bevorzugt mit einem Gehalt an polyzyklischen Aromaten von weniger als 3 Gew.-% gemäß Methode IP 346 oder Faktisse, oder Weichmacherharze oder natürliche Öle (Sonnenblumenöl, Rapsöl). Die Kautschukzusammensetzung kann 5 bis 40 phr, bevorzugt 10 bis 30 phr Weichmacher enthal- ten. In einer Ausführungsform wird das Kautschukadditiv verwendet, um die Menge an Weichmacher in der Kautschukzusammensetzung zu reduzieren oder einen Weichmacher zu ersetzen. In diesem Fall wird in der erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukzusammensetzung weniger Weichmacher eingesetzt, als dieses in einer Kautschukzusammen- setzung ohne das Kautschukadditiv der Fall wäre. Dies kann z.B aus Umweltschutz- oder ökonomischen Gründen in bestimmten Fäl- len von Vorteil sein. Die Kautschukzusammensetzung enthält vorzugsweise ferner für die Vernetzung benötigte Substanzen wie Zinkoxid, Beschleuni- ger und/oder Schwefel. Es ist insbesondere vorteilhaft, wenn die erfindungsgemäße Kautschukzusammensetzung Zinkoxid bzw. zinkhaltige Verbindun- gen für die Aktivierung der Schwefelvulkanisation enthält. Die Vulkanisation der Kautschukzusammensetzung wird ggf. in Anwe- senheit von Schwefel und/oder Schwefelspendern und mit Hilfe von Vulkanisationsbeschleunigern durchgeführt, wobei einige Vulkanisationsbeschleuniger zugleich als Schwefelspender wir- ken können und Schwefel und/oder Schwefelspender sowie Vulka- nisationsbeschleuniger in den im Stand der Technik bekannten Mengen eingesetzt werden. Schwefel und/oder Schwefelspender sowie ein oder mehrere Beschleuniger werden im letzten Mi- schungsschritt in den genannten Mengen der Kautschukzusammen- setzung zugesetzt. Dabei ist der Beschleuniger ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Thiazolbeschleunigern und/oder Mercaptobeschleunigern und/oder Sulfenamidbeschleunigern und/oder Thiocarbamatbeschleunigern und/oder Thiurambeschleunigern und/oder Thiophosphatbeschleunigern und/oder Thioharnstoffbeschleunigern und/oder Xanthogenat- Beschleunigern und/oder Guanidin-Beschleunigern. Bevorzugt ist die Verwendung wenigstens eines Sulfenamidbeschleunigers, der ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus N-Cyclohexyl-2- benzothiazolsufenamid (CBS) und/oder N,N- Dicyclohexylbenzothiazol-2-sulfenamid (DCBS) und/oder Benzothiazyl-2-sulfenmorpholid (MBS) und/oder 2,2`- Dibenzothiazyldisulfid (MBTS) und/oder N-tert.Butyl-2- benzothiazylsulfenamid (TBBS). Es können auch mehrere Beschleuniger eingesetzt werden. Bevor- zugt wird ein Sulfenamidbeschleuniger, besonders bevorzugt CBS, in Kombination mit dem Guanidin-Beschleuniger DPG (1,3- Diphenylguanidin) eingesetzt. Die Menge an DPG beträgt dabei 0 bis 5 phr, bevorzugt 0,1 bis 3 phr, besonders bevorzugt 0,5 bis 2,5 phr, ganz besonders bevorzugt 1 bis 2,5 phr. Des Weiteren kann die Kautschukzusammensetzung übliche Zusatz- stoffe in üblichen Gewichtsteilen enthalten. Die Zusatzstoffe können ausgewählt sein aus der Liste bestehend aus Alterungs- schutzmittel, Aktivatoren, Wachse, Harze, Mastikationshilfsmittel und Verarbeitungshilfsmittel und Mi- schungen davon. Als Alterungsschutzmittel können beispielsweise N-Phenyl-N’- (1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylendiamin (6PPD), N,N‘-Diphenyl-p- phenylendiamin (DPPD), N,N‘-Ditolyl-p-phenylendiamin (DTPD), N-Isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin (IPPD) und 2,2,4- Trimethyl-1,2-dihydrochinolin (TMQ)eingesetzt werden. Die er- findungsgemäße Kautschukzusammensetzung umfasst vorzugweise 0,1 bis 3 phr Alterungsschutzmittel. Als Aktivatoren können beispielsweise Zinkoxid und Fettsäuren (z. B. Stearinsäure) oder Zinkkomplexe wie z. B. Zinkethylhexanoat eingesetzt werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Kautschukzusammensetzung umfasst vorzugweise 0,5 bis 10 phr, vorzugsweise 2 bis 5 phr Aktivatoren. Die erfindungsgemäße Kautschukzusammensetzung umfasst vorzu- gweise 0,1 bis 3 phr Wachse. Als Harze können insbesondere Weichmacherharze, wie z. B. C5- Petroleumharz, C9-Petroleumharz, Terpenharz, Cumaronindenharz oder einem Kohlenwasserstoffharz aus alpha-Methylstyrol und Styrol (AMS-Harz) eingesetzt werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Kautschukzusammensetzung umfasst vorzugweise 5 bis 150 phr, vorzugsweise 15 bis 50 phr Harze. Als Mastikationshilfsmittel kann beispielsweise 2,2’- Dibenzamidodiphenyldisulfid (DBD) eingesetzt werden. Die er- findungsgemäße Kautschukzusammensetzung umfasst vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 3 phr Mastikationshilfsmittel. Als Verarbeitungshilfsmittel können beispielsweise Fettsäure- salze, wie z. B. Zinkseifen zum Einsatz kommen. Die erfin- dungsgemäße Kautschukzusammensetzung umfasst vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 10 phr, vorzugsweise 2 bis 5 phr Verarbeitungshilfsmittel. Insbesondere enthält die Kautschukzusammensetzung a) 0,1 bis 3 phr Alterungsschutzmittel, b) 0,5 bis 10 phr, vorzugsweise 2 bis 5 phr Aktivatoren, c) 0,1 bis 3 phr Wachse, d) 5 bis 100 phr, vorzugsweise 15 bis 50 phr Harze, e) 0,1 bis 3 phr Mastikationshilfsmittel, und f) 0,5 bis 10 phr, vorzugsweise 2 bis 5 phr Verarbeitungs- hilfsmittel. Der Mengenanteil der Gesamtmenge an weiteren Zusatzstoffen be- trägt 3 bis 150 phr, bevorzugt 3 bis 100 phr und besonders be- vorzugt 5 bis 80 phr. Zusammensetzung Die Kautschukzusammensetzung enthält vorzugsweise zwischen 0,1 bis 40 phr Fettsäureester, sowie 1 bis 40, 2 bis 40, 3 bis 40, 4 bis 40 oder 5 bis 40. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält die Kautschukzu- sammensetzung 1 bis 30 phr, sowie 2 bis 30, 3 bis 30, 4 bis 30 und insbesondere 5 bis 30 phr Fettsäureester. Die erfindungsgemäßen Fettsäureester können entweder in einer sogenannten „on top“ Verwendung zu einer bestehenden Kaut- schukzusammensetzung dazu dosiert werden (zusätzlich zu ande- ren Weichmachern). In einem solchem Fall sind Einsatzkonzent- rationen zwischen 0,5 bis 5 phr bevorzugt. Die erfindungsgemä- ßen Fettsäureester können auch eingesetzt werden, um andere Weichmacher ganz oder zumindest teilweise zu ersetzen. In ei- nem solchen Fall sind deutlich höhere Einsatzkonzentration vorteilhaft, insbesondere 5 bis 40 oder 5 bis 30 phr. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist die Zusammensetzung nach der Vulkanisation einen mindestens 5 %, vorzugsweise 10 %, insbesondere 15 % niedrigeren Rollwiderstand, tan delta bei 60°C, und/oder eine 5 %, vorzugsweise 10 %, insbesondere 15 % höhere Nasshaftung, tan delta bei 0°C auf. Weiterhin weist die Zusammensetzung vorzugsweise eine verbes- serte Verarbeitbarkeit auf, insbesondere eine um mindestens 5 %, vorzugsweise 10 %, insbesondere 15 % niedrigere Mooney- Viskosität und/oder einen entsprechend niedrigeren Material- druck bei der Extrusion. Weiterhin weist die Zusammensetzung vorzugsweise eine verbes- serte Steifigkeit auf, insbesondere eine um mindestens 5 %, vorzugsweise 10 %, insbesondere 15 % höhere Reißfestigkeit und/oder Reißdehnung und/oder Zugfestigkeit Modul 100 % und/oder Zugfestigkeit Modul 300 %. Die oben genannten Verbesserungen (niedrigerer Rollwiderstand, höhere Nasshaftung, verbesserte Verarbeitbarkeit, erhöhte Steifigkeit) können im Vergleich zu einer ansonsten identi- schen Zusammensetzung bestimmt werden, die anstatt des erfin- dungsgemäßen Additivs ein aus dem Stand der Technik bekanntes Kautschukadditiv in identischer Menge umfasst. Zur Überprüfung werden zwei ansonsten identische Kautschukzusammensetzungen hergestellt und deren Eigenschaften anschließend miteinander verglichen. Ferner können die oben genannten Verbesserungen (niedrigerer Rollwiderstand, höhere Nasshaftung, verbesserte Verarbeitbarkeit, erhöhte Steifigkeit) im Vergleich zu einer ansonsten identischen Zusammensetzung bestimmt werden, die an- statt des erfindungsgemäßen Additivs ein aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Weichmacher in identischer Menge umfasst. Als bekannte Weichmacher können kommerziell erhältliche Mate- rialien, wie beispielsweise Tudalen 4192 eingesetzt werden. Zur Überprüfung werden zwei ansonsten identische Kautschukzusam- mensetzungen hergestellt und deren Eigenschaften anschließend miteinander verglichen. Die oben genannten Verbesserungen können auch im Vergleich zu einer ansonsten identischen Zusammensetzung bestimmt werden, die das erfindungsgemäße Kautschukadditiv nicht enthält. Zur Überprüfung werden in diesem Fall zwei identische Kautschukzu- sammensetzungen hergestellt und zu einer von ihnen zusätzlich das erfindungsgemäße Kautschukadditiv hinzugegeben. Anschlie- ßend werden die Eigenschaften der beiden Kautschukzusammenset- zungen miteinander verglichen. Vorzugsweise ist die Kautschukzusammensetzung für die Herstel- lung von Laufstreifenmischungen für Reifen geeignet. Die er- findungsgemäße Kautschukzusammensetzung ist ferner auch für Laufstreifen geeignet, die aus verschiedenen nebeneinander und/oder untereinander angeordneten Laufstreifenmischungen be- stehen (Multikomponentenlaufstreifen). Herstellung Das vorstehend definierte Kautschukadditiv wird in der Regel durch einfaches Vermischen der Komponenten hergestellt. Diese erfolgt solange bis eine gewünschte homogene Mischung erreicht ist. Geeignete Mischvorrichtungen sind Fachleuten bekannt. Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukzusammensetzung erfolgt auf herkömmliche Art und Weise, wobei zunächst in der Regel eine Grundmischung, die sämtliche Bestandteile mit Aus- nahme des Vulkanisationssystems (Schwefel und vulkanisations- beeinflussende Stoffe) enthält, in einer oder mehreren Misch- stufen hergestellt und im Anschluss durch Zugabe des Vulkani- sationssystems die Fertigmischung erzeugt wird. Anschließend kann die Zusammensetzung weiterverarbeitet wer- den, z. B. durch einen Extrusionsvorgang, und in die entspre- chende Form, z. B. die Form eines Laufstreifenrohlings, ge- bracht werden. Das allgemeine Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kautschukzusam- mensetzungen und deren Vulkanisate ist in “Rubber Technology Handbook”, W. Hofmann, Hanser Verlag 1994 beschrieben. Dem Fachmann ist bekannt, dass ggf. je nach Mischung, insbesondere je nach Füllstoffgehalt, weitere Mischstufen nach der ersten Grundmischstufe durchzuführen sind, um eine bessere Absenkung der Viskosität und eine bessere Homogenisierung zu erreichen. Reifen Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft auch einen Reifen, bei dem wenigstens ein Bauteil zumindest teilweise aus einer erfin- dungsgemäßen Kautschukzusammensetzung hergestellt wurde. Vor- zugsweise ist der Reifen ein Ganzjahres- oder Winterreifen. Unter Reifen werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung Fahr- zeugluftreifen und Vollgummireifen, inklusive Reifen für In- dustrie- und Baustellenfahrzeuge, LKW-, PKW- sowie Zweiradrei- fen verstanden. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der Reifen die erfindungsgemäße Kautschukzusammensetzung we- nigstens im Laufstreifen auf. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Reifens, wobei ein oder mehrere Bauteile des Reifens aus der erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukzusammensetzung hergestellt werden und die Kautschukzusammensetzung ausgehär- tet wird. Die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukzusammensetzung kann das Verfahren zur Herstellung von Reifen und Laufstreifen wesentlich verbessern. Verwendung Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft weiterhin die Verwendung von Fettsäureestern aus mindestens einer C8– bis C22-Fettsäure und einer Verbindung ausgewählt aus C2- bis C4-Alkoxylat eines Polyols, Polyethylenglykol, Polypropylenglykol und/oder Copolymer aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid als Kautschukaddi- tiv in einer Kautschukzusammensetzung zur Verbesserung der Mooney-Viskosität und/oder Extrusionseigenschaften der Kaut- schukzusammensetzung und/oder zur Verbesserung von mindestens einem von Abrieb, Nasshaftung und/oder Rollwiderstand eines aus der Kautschukzusammensetzung hergestellten Reifens. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung wird mindestens eine der genannten Eigenschaften gegenüber einer Kautschukzusammensetzung verbessert, die an- statt des erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukadditivs ein bekanntes Kautschukadditiv in identischer Menge umfasst. Als bekannte Kautschukadditive können im Stand der Technik bekannte Materi- alien, die als Kautschukadditive eingesetzt werden, verwendet werden. Zur Überprüfung werden zwei ansonsten identische Kaut- schukzusammensetzungen hergestellt und deren Eigenschaften an- schließend miteinander verglichen. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird mindestens eine der genannten Eigenschaften um mindestens 5 %, vorzugsweise min- destens 10 % verbessert gegenüber einer Kautschukzusammenset- zung, die anstatt des erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukadditivs ein bekanntes Kautschukadditiv in identischer Menge umfasst. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird mindestens eine der genannten Eigenschaften um mindestens 5 %, vorzugsweise min- destens 10 % verbessert gegenüber einer ansonsten identischen Kautschukzusammensetzung, d.h das erfindungsgemäße Kautschuk- additiv wird der Kautschukzusammensetzung zusätzlich hinzuge- fügt. Zur Überprüfung werden in diesem Fall zwei identische Kautschukzusammensetzungen hergestellt und zu einer von ihnen zusätzlich das erfindungsgemäße Kautschukadditiv hinzugegeben. Anschließend werden die Eigenschaften der beiden Kautschukzu- sammensetzungen miteinander verglichen. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird mindestens eine der genannten Eigenschaften um mindestens 5 %, vorzugsweise min- destens 10 % verbessert gegenüber einer Kautschukzusammenset- zung, die anstatt des erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukadditivs ei- nen bekannten Weichmacher in identischer Menge umfasst, und ansonsten identisch ist. Als bekannte Weichmacher können kom- merziell erhältliche Materialien, wie beispielsweise Tudalen 4192 eingesetzt werden. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden die Extrusionseigenschaften der Kautschukzusammensetzung gegenüber einer Kautschukzusammensetzung verbessert, die anstatt des er- findungsgemäßen Kautschukadditivs einen bekannten Weichmacher in identischer Menge umfasst oder keinen Weichmacher umfasst und ansonsten identisch ist. Unter den Extrusionseigenschaften versteht man Eigenschaften wie die Extrusionsgeschwindigkeit, Spritzquellung, Extrusionsrate, Materialdruck, Materialtempe- ratur und/oder die Oberflächen/Kantenbeschaffenheit des Exdrudats. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird die Oberflächenbe- schaffenheit und/oder Kantenbeschaffenheit des Exdrudats ver- bessert. Hierbei wird die Oberfläche mit einem Notensystem von A-E beurteilt, wobei A die Bestnote darstellt. Die Kanten wer- den mit einem Notensystem von 1-10 beurteilt, wobei 10 die Bestnote darstellt (jeweils gemäß ASTM D 2230). Das erfindungsgemäße Kautschukadditiv kann insbesondere in ei- ner Kautschukzusammensetzung für Laufstreifen verwendet wer- den. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird bei der erfindungs- gemäßen Verwendung eine Abmischung eingesetzt, die a) ein oder mehrere feste Trägermaterialien, und b) einen oder mehrere Fettsäureester, sowie c) gegebenenfalls weitere Bestandteile wie Amide, Aminoalkohole und/oder Seifen enthält. Als Trägermaterial können vorzugsweise anorganische Füllstoffe (wie beispielsweis Kieselsäuren) oder wachsartige Materialien (wie beispielsweise Polyethylenwachse) verwendet werden. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird als Trägermaterial eine Kieselsäure verwendet. Das Gewichtsverhältnis von Trägermaterial zu Fettsäureester in der Abmischung beträgt beispielsweise 10/90 bis 90/10, bevor- zugter 20/80 bis 80/20 und besonders bevorzugt etwa 30/70 oder 33/67. Ausführungsbeispiele Die Erfindung soll nun anhand von Vergleichs- und Ausführungs- beispielen näher erläutert werden, ohne jedoch auf diese Bei- spiele beschränkt zu sein. Beispiel 1 – Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukaddi- tive a) Kautschukadditiv A 1217,8 g ethoxyliertes Glycerin (Aduxol GLY-07 von Schärer + Schläpfer), 835,7 g Fettsäure und 2,0 g hypophosphorige Säure wurden vorgelegt. Als Fettsäure wurde ein Ölsäuregemisch ein- gesetzt, welches 72,5 % C18:1, 8% C18:2, 6 % C16:1, 4,5 % C16, 4 % C14+14:1, ≤ 4 % C14, ≤ 3 % C18, ≤ 2,5 % C18:3 und ≤ 1 % C12 enthält. Das Ölsäuregemisch wies eine Säurezahl von 201,0 mg KOH/g, ei- ne Verseifungszahl von 202,0 mg KOH/g und eine Iodzahl von 100,0 g Iod/100 g auf. Die Iodzahl wurde gemäß DIN EN ISO 3961 2018-11 bestimmt und die Verseifungszahl gemäß DIN EN ISO 3681. Die Mischung wurde langsam auf 230 °C erhitzt und Vakuum ange- legt. Der Reaktionsverlauf wurde mittels Messung der Säurezahl kontrolliert. Der hergestellte Fettsäureester wies eine Säure- zahl von 4,6 mg KOH/g auf. Aus der Messung der Hydroxylzahl konnte abgeleitet werden, dass vorwiegend ein Monoester erhal- ten wurde. b) Kautschukadditiv B 592,2 g Polyethylenglykol 400, 408,7 g Fettsäure und 1,0 g hypophosphorige Säure wurden vorgelegt. Als Fettsäure wurde desti. Sojaölfettsäure eingesetzt, welche 2 - 6 % C18, 20 – 29 % C18:1, 47 – 58 % C18:2, 4- 10 % C18:3, 9 - 12 % C16, 0 - 1 % C16:1, und 0 - 1 % C12+14 enthält. Die eingesetzte Sojaölfettsäu- re wies eine Säurezahl von 194 bis 204 mg KOH/g, eine Versei- fungszahl von 195 - 206 mg KOH/g und eine Iodzahl von 125 - 139 g Iod/100 g auf. Die Mischung wurde langsam auf 230 °C erhitzt und Vakuum ange- legt. Der Reaktionsverlauf wurde mittels Messung der Säurezahl kontrolliert. Der hergestellte Fettsäureester wies eine Säure- zahl von 1,9 mg KOH/g auf. Die kinematische Viskosität bei 20 °C des hergestellten Fettsäureesters betrug 95,1 mm2/sec und die dynamische Viskosität bei 20 °C 94,8 mPa s. b) Kautschukadditiv C 352,8 g Polypropylenglykol 600, 161,8 g Sojafettsäure (siehe Kautschukadditiv B) und 0,5 g hypophosphorige Säure wurden vorgelegt. Die Mischung wurde langsam auf 230 °C erhitzt und Vakuum ange- legt. Der Reaktionsverlauf wurde mittels Messung der Säurezahl kontrolliert. Der hergestellte Fettsäureester wies eine Säure- zahl von 1,7 mg KOH/g auf. Die kinematische Viskosität bei 20 °C des hergestellten Fettsäureesters betrug 107,1 mm2/sec. Beispiel 2 – Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukad- ditivs Herstellung der Kautschukzusammensetzung Die Mischungsherstellung erfolgte unter üblichen Bedingungen in einer oder mehreren Mischstufen. Anschließend wurde diese weiterverarbeitet, z. B. durch einen Extrusionsvorgang, und in die entsprechende Form gebracht. Die verschiedenen Komponenten der einzelnen Mischungen sind in den unten aufgeführten Tabellen angegeben. Tabelle 1 Bei sämtlichen in der Tabelle enthaltenen Mischungsbeispielen sind die angegebenen Mengenangaben (Gewichtsteile) auf 100 Ge- wichtsteile Gesamtkautschuk bezogen (phr). Aus sämtlichen Mischungen wurden Prüfkörper hergestellt und mit diesen Prüfkörpern für die Kautschukindustrie typische Ma- terialeigenschaften mit den im Folgenden angegebenen Testver- fahren ermittelt: ^ Mooney-Viskosität (MS 1+4, 100 °C), nach jeder Mischstufe und nach Alterung, jeweils gemäß DIN EN ISO 289-1, ^ Extrusionseigenschaften (Extrusionsgeschwindigkeit, Spritzquellung, Extrusionsrate, Materialdruck, Material- temperatur) Oberflächenbeurteilung (Garvey Die: Oberflä- che A-E mit A als Bestnote, Kanten 1-10 mit 10 als Best- note), jeweils gemäß ASTM D 2230, ^ Materialdruck bei verschiedenen Scherraten wurde mit ei- nem HDK - Göttfert Rheograph 25 gemessen (Messtemperatur 100°C, Düsengeometrie: rund, länge 10 mm, Durchmesser 1 mm). ^ Rückprallelastizität bei RT, gemessen gemäß ASTM D-8059 ^ Shore-A-Härte bei Raumtemperatur (RT), gemessen gemäß DIN EN ISO 868, ^ Reißfestigkeit, Reißdehnung und Zugfestigkeit gemessen gemäß DIN 53 504, Parameter für Steifigkeit, auch für Reifenabrieb, ^ Spannungswerte bei 100 und 300 % Dehnung bei Raumtempera- tur (Modul 100 %, Modul 300 %), gemäß DIN 53504, ^ Verlustfaktor tan delta bei -20 °C, 0 °C und 60 °C gemäß DIN 53545, o Dynamische mechanische Analyse, wobei das vulkani- sierte Material eingespannt und dynamisch belastet wird, o Haftung auf Schnee ist mit dem tan delta bei -20°C korrelierbar (je größer der tan delta bei -20 °C, desto besser die Schneehaftung), wie beschreiben in der Encyclopedia of Polymer Blends, Volume 2: Pro- cessing, herausgegeben von Avraam I. Isayev, Sanjay Palsule, o Nasshaftung ist mit dem tan delta bei 0°C korrelierbar (je größer der tan delta bei 0 °C, des- to besser die Nasshaftung), o Rollwiderstand ist mit dem tan delta bei 60°C korrelierbar (je kleiner der tan delta bei 60 °C, desto niedriger ist der Rollwiderstand), ^ Rückprall gemäß DIN 53512. Beispiel 3 – Vergleich gegen Prozessöl In diesem Beispiel wurden die Eigenschaften einer Kautschukzu- sammensetzung, die das in Beispiel 1 hergestellte Additiv A enthält (Zusammensetzung B), verglichen mit den Eigenschaften einer ansonsten identischen Kautschukzusammensetzung, die nur TDAE-Öl enthält (Zusammensetzung A). Der Vergleich zeigt ver- besserte Verarbeitungseigenschaften sowie ein verbessertes Reifenhandling und vergleichbare Reifenhaftungseigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukzusammensetzung B. Außerdem weist die erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukzusammensetzung insbeson- dere einen niedrigeren Rollwiderstand, tan delta bei 60 °C auf. Die entsprechenden Informationen und Daten sind in der nach- folgenden Tabelle 2 gezeigt. Rubber composition containing additive and its use Field of the invention The present invention relates to a rubber composition which contains rubber and at least one rubber additive based on a fatty acid ester. The present invention further relates to the use of the rubber additive in a rubber composition, and to a tire in which at least one component is at least partially made from the rubber composition according to the invention, as well as methods for producing the same. Background of the invention The trend in the development of tread compounds for all-season and winter tires in recent years has been determined by improvements in the properties of tire grip (grip) at low temperatures and tire abrasion (stiffness). To achieve this, the respective rubber compositions contain, for example, rubbers with a long chain length. This results in poor processing (high viscosity, lack of green strength) of the rubber mixture. There are a number of processing aids in the rubber industry, but when they are used, at least one other property is impaired, such as lower rigidity (= higher tire wear, poorer handling) or higher rolling resistance. For this purpose, (cold) plasticizers are typically added to the rubber formulation. This compromise between processing and the performance criteria of tire grip at low temperatures/tire abrasion and tire rolling resistance is no longer accepted in today's tire compound development because of safety aspects (shorter braking distances at low temperatures) and the discussions about fine dust (tire abrasion, microplastics ) Arguments for are effective marketing and therefore have a significant influence on tire sales. US 2017/0051134 A1 relates to a tire rubber composition with improved dispersibility of silica in a rubber and tires made therefrom. The composition includes rubber compound and glycerol fatty acid monoester as well as silica. US 2019/0233622 A1 discloses ethoxylated glycerin esterified with fatty acids for use in rubber compositions for tires with improved processability and abrasion resistance (see claim 1, paragraphs [0001] to [0003]). Tire wear is largely determined by the glass transition temperature of the rubber (Tan delta max peak, DMA). An improvement in the rolling resistance of the tires produced is not described in US 2019/0233622 Al. Rolling resistance is influenced by materials that change the tan delta at 60°C. Abrasion and rolling resistance are independent variables and the person skilled in the art would not necessarily conclude that an improvement in one means an improvement in the other. An object of the present invention is to develop a new additive for winter and all-season tires that improves the processing properties of the rubber composition used to manufacture these tires. At the same time, the remaining performance properties of the tires, in particular the rolling resistance and the properties regarding snow grip and adhesion under dry conditions, as well as the tire wear, should not be impaired or should even be at least partially improved. A further object of the invention is to improve the extrusion properties as well as the condition of the surfaces and edges of extrudates (Garvey Die) made from the rubber composition. Summary of the Invention The object is achieved according to the invention by a rubber composition which contains rubber and at least one rubber additive, characterized in that the at least one rubber additive comprises fatty acid esters, which fatty acid esters consist of at least one C 8 - to C 22 -Fatty acid and at least one compound selected from C 2 - to C 4 -alkoxylate of a polyol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and / or copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. A further aspect of the present invention relates to the use of fatty acid esters of at least one C 8 to C 22 fatty acid and at least one compound selected from C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a polyol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and/or copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide as a rubber additive in a rubber composition to improve the Mooney viscosity and/or extrusion properties of the rubber composition and/or to improve at least one of abrasion, wet grip and/or rolling resistance of a tire made from the rubber composition. A further aspect of the present invention relates to a method of producing a tire, characterized in that one or more components of the tire are made from a rubber composition as defined herein and the rubber composition is cured. A further aspect of the present invention relates to a tire in which at least one component has been made at least partially from a rubber composition as defined herein, and the tire is preferably an all-season or winter tire, wherein the component is in particular a tread. Preferred embodiments are the subject of the subclaims. Embodiments of the inventions include the following: the components listed and can in particular consist of these. Brief description of the figures Figures 1a-d show various extrudates (after 24 hours and after a week, at 60 rpm and 151 rpm) which were produced from the rubber compositions A and B as described in Example 3 (Figure 1a: after 24h at 151/min; Figure 1b: after 24h at 60 1/min; Figure 1c: after a week at 15 1/min; Figure 1d: after a week at 601/min). Figures 2a-b show various extrudates after 24h (at 60 1/min and 151/min), which were produced from the rubber compositions C and D as described in Example 4 (Figure 2a: after 24h at 151/min; Figure 2b: after 24 hours at 601 rpm). Figures 3a-d show various extrudates (after 24 hours and after a week, at 60 rpm and 151 rpm) which were produced from the rubber compositions E and F as described in Example 5 (Figure 3a: after 24 hours at 151 /min; Figure 3b: after 24 hours at 60 1/min; Figure 3c: after a week at 15 1/min; Figure 3d: after a week at 601/min). Figures 4a-b show various extrudates (at 15 1/min and 60 1/min) which were produced from the rubber compositions G to J as described in Example 6 (Figure 4a: after 24h at 151/min; Figure 4b: after 24h at 601 rpm). Figure 5 shows the course of the material pressure of the rubber compositions G to J from Example 6 at different shear rates. Detailed Description of the Invention The inventors have surprisingly discovered that fatty acid esters consisting of at least one C 8 to C 22 fatty acid (fatty acid component, as defined in more detail below) and at least one compound selected from C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate a polyol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and / or copolymer made from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (polyol component, as defined in more detail below) have positive properties in a rubber composition. The components of the rubber composition according to the invention are described in more detail below. All statements also apply to the tire according to the invention, in which at least one component consists at least partially of the rubber composition according to the invention, its production and the inventive use of the fatty acid esters defined herein. The specification phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber by weight) used in this document is the usual quantity specification for mixture recipes in the rubber industry. In this document, the dosage of the parts by weight of the individual substances is based on 100 parts by weight of the total mass of all high-molecular and therefore solid rubbers present in the mixture. Polyol component The fatty acid ester according to the invention is made from at least one compound selected from C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a polyol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and/or copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (polyol component), which esterifies with a C 8 to C 22 fatty acid became. In one embodiment, the polyol component has 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, such as 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups. The polyol component preferably has between 2 and 4 hydroxyl groups. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the polyol component used to produce the fatty acid ester has 2 or 3 hydroxyl groups. In a preferred embodiment, the polyol component has no aromatic groups. In a preferred embodiment, the polyol component according to the invention consists only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester is made from C 8 to C 22 fatty acid and at least one polyether such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG) and/or copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. The copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide can be random copolymers or block copolymers. It is known to those skilled in the art that polyethers with higher molecular weights are polymolecular, that is, they consist of distributions of macromolecules with different molecular weights. According to the invention, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols and/or copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with an average molecular weight in the range of approximately 200 to 1500 g/mol, for example 200 to 800 g/mol, such as approximately 400 g/mol, can be used for the production. Position of the fatty acid ester can be used. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is made from polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG) and/or copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, which has been esterified with a C 8 to C 22 fatty acid. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is made from polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester is made from at least one polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol with a molecular weight of 200 to 800 g/mol, in particular 400 g/mol to 600 g/mol. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester is made from at least one polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 200 (PEG 200) to 800 g/mol (PEG 800), such as 400 to 600 g/mol, in particular 400 g/mol (PEG 400). In a further embodiment, the fatty acid ester is made from at least one polypropylene glycol with a molecular weight of 200 to 800 g/mol, such as 400 to 600 g/mol, in particular 600 g/mol. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester is made from at least one random copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with a molecular weight of 200 to 800 g/mol, such as 400 to 600 g/mol, in particular 400 g/mol. In a preferred embodiment, the random copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide has an ethylene oxide group content of 10 to 30% by weight. In a further embodiment, the fatty acid ester is made from at least one block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with a molecular weight of 50 to 4500 g/mol, such as 200 to 3000 and in particular 500 to 2500 g/mol. According to a preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer has an ethylene oxide group content of 10 to 80% by weight, such as 10 to 55% by weight. The block copolymers can be constructed in which there are polypropylene glycol molecules in the middle and polyoxyethylene groups at both ends. The ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers to be used according to the invention are commercially available compounds. They can be produced by reacting polypropylene glycol with ethylene oxide. Examples of ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers are the Pluronic PE polymers from BASF SE, such as Pluronic PE 3100, Pluronic PE 3500, Pluronic PE 4300, Pluronic PE 6100, Pluronic PE 6120, Pluronic PE 6200, Pluronic PE 6400, Pluronic PE 6800, Pluronic PE 8100, Pluronic PE 9200, Pluronic PE 9400, Pluronic PE 10100, Pluronic PE 10300, Pluronic PE 10400 and Pluronic PE 10500. In a further embodiment, the fatty acid ester is prepared from at least one C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a polyol . Polyols are substances that have at least two free hydroxyl groups. The hydrocarbon portion of the polyol is a group containing carbon and Contains hydrogen, with at least two carbon atoms bonded to a hydroxyl group. It can be straight-chain or branched, in particular straight-chain, and optionally interrupted by a heteroatom. A C 2 - to C 4 -alkoxylate of a polyol is a polyol that has been reacted with a C 2 - to C 4 -alkylene oxide, whereby several reactions can take place in succession on a hydroxyl group of the polyol. Examples of C 2 to C 4 alkylene oxides are ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and 1-butene oxide. The polyols are reacted with the C 2 to C 4 alkylene oxide using standard processes. Mixed C 2 to C 4 alkoxylates can also be used, in which a polyol is reacted using a mixture of C 2 to C 4 alkylene oxides (mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and/or 1-butylene oxide). In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid ester consists of at least one polyol alkoxylate with up to 10, such as 5 to 10, e.g. B. 7 alkylene oxide units produced. The C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a polyol may have an average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to 1500 g/mol, such as about 200 to 800 g/mol, especially 300 to 500 g/mol. In one embodiment, the C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a polyol has 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, such as 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups. In a preferred embodiment, the C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a polyol used to produce the fatty acid ester has between 2 and 4 hydroxyl groups, such as 2 or 3 hydroxyl groups. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid ester is made from at least one polyol ethoxylate with up to 10, such as 5 to 10, e.g. B. 7 ethylene oxide units (EO units) produced. In a further preferred embodiment, the fatty acid ester consists of at least one polyol propoxylate with up to 10 like 5 to 10, e.g. B. 7 propylene oxide units (PO units) are produced. The polyol ethoxylate or polyol propoxylate preferably has between 2 and 4 hydroxyl groups. The polyol of the C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate may be a C 2 to C 15 polyol. This means that the polyol has 2 to 15 carbon atoms. The C 2 to C 15 polyol component of the alkoxylate is preferably C 2 to C 10 polyol and in particular C 2 to C 6 polyol. The polyols preferably have 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, such as 2 to 8 and in particular 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups, such as 2 or 3 hydroxyl groups. Examples of polyols that can be reacted with a C 2 -C 4 alkylene oxide are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane and mi- sions of it. Preferably, the polyol of the C 2 - to C 4 - alkoxylate is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, glycerin and mixtures thereof and is in particular glycerin. Sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, xylitol and mixtures thereof can also be used as polyols that can be reacted with a C 2 -C 4 alkylene oxide. This has the further advantage that the fatty acid esters produced in this way can be produced more sustainably. In a preferred embodiment, the polyol component of the fatty acid ester is a substance from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, ethoxylated glycerin, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, ethoxylated pentaeryrthritol, ethoxylated sorbitol and/or mixtures thereof. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the fatty acid ester is prepared from C 8 to C 22 fatty acid and ethoxylated glycerol, in particular up to 10, such as 5 to 10, e.g. B. has 7 ethylene oxide units. Such a glycerol according to the invention is commercially available, for example, as Aduxol-Gly-07 from Schärer & Schläpfer. In one embodiment, only one polyol component is used to produce the fatty acid ester (however, this includes higher molecular weight alcohols that have a certain molecular weight distribution, such as PEG 400). In a further embodiment, at least two different polyol components are used to produce the fatty acid ester. For example, a mixture of PEG, PPG and/or PEG-PPG copolymer can be used to produce the fatty acid ester. Fatty acid component The fatty acid component according to the invention is based on C 8 to C 22 fatty acids. This means that the fatty acids have 8 to 22 carbon atoms. It should be noted that fatty acids usually mean aliphatic saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids with almost exclusively unbranched carbon chains (see, for example, Römpp Chemie Lexikon 9th edition 1990, volume 2, p.1343). According to the invention, “fatty acids” also include acids that have unsaturations. Furthermore, branches or heteroatoms can be present as long as this does not significantly affect the aliphatic character of the acids. The fatty acid component according to the invention is therefore based on at least one saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched (=linear) C 8 to C 22 fatty acid. In one embodiment of the invention, the fatty acid component according to the invention consists of a mixture of different fatty acids. The fatty acid component can be at least two, such as include at least three, four or five different C 8 to C 22 fatty acids. Typical examples of fatty acids that can be used as fatty acid components in the present invention are caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenoic acid, petroselinic acid , linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ricinoleic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, arachidic acid, gadoleic acid, gondoic acid, behenic acid, cetoleic acid and erucic acid. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid component according to the invention consists only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The fatty acid component according to the invention can comprise at least one saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched (=linear) C 10 to C 22 fatty acid. The fatty acid component according to the invention preferably comprises at least one C 12 to C 22 fatty acid, in particular a mono- or polyunsaturated, branched or unbranched (= linear) C 16 to C 20 fatty acid or mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid component according to the invention comprises at least one mono- or di-unsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid. A diunsaturated fatty acid is a fatty acid whose carbon chain has two double bonds. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the fatty acid component according to the invention comprises at least one monounsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid and at least one diunsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid. In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the fatty acid component according to the invention comprises at least one monounsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid, at least one diunsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid and at least one triunsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid component according to the invention comprises at least one C 18 fatty acid, in particular a C 18:1 fatty acid, such as oleic acid and/or a C 18:2 fatty acid. A C 18:1 fatty acid is a fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms whose carbon chain has a double bond. A C 18:2 fatty acid is a fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms whose carbon chain has two double bonds. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid component according to the invention comprises at least one C 18:1 fatty acid and at least one C 18:2 fatty acid. In a further preferred embodiment, the fatty acid component according to the invention comprises at least one C 18:1 fatty acid, at least one C 18:2 fatty acid and at least one C 18:3 fatty acid. It is known to those skilled in the art that commercial products used to produce fatty acid esters generally contain mixtures of fatty acids. In addition, the fatty acids can also be present as technical cuts, such as those produced during the pressure splitting or saponification of natural fats and oils, for example palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, olive oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil or beef tallow. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is prepared from a mixture of fatty acids which comprises at least 50% by weight, such as at least 75% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, of C 8 to C 22 fatty acids. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is prepared from a mixture of fatty acids which comprises at least 50% by weight, such as at least 75% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, of C 12 to C 20 fatty acids. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is prepared from a mixture of fatty acids which comprises at least 50% by weight, such as at least 75% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, of C 16 to C 20 fatty acids. The mixture of fatty acids preferably comprises 50 to 100% by weight, such as 75 to 100% by weight, in particular 90 to 100% by weight, of C 16 to C 20 fatty acids. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is prepared from a mixture of fatty acids which contains at least 50% by weight, such as at least 65% by weight, in particular at least 75% by weight, of saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C18 -Fatty acids include. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is prepared from a mixture of fatty acids which comprises 50 to 95% by weight, such as 65 to 90% by weight, in particular 70 to 85% by weight, of saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C 18 fatty acids . The mixture of fatty acids used for production preferably contains at least 1% by weight of saturated C 18 fatty acid, 10% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and/or at least 5% by weight of C 18:2 fatty acid. In one embodiment, the mixture of fatty acids comprises at least 50% by weight, such as at least 65% by weight, in particular at least 70% by weight, of C 18:1 fatty acid, in particular oleic acid. In one embodiment, the mixture of fatty acids comprises 50 to 90% by weight, such as 65 to 85% by weight, in particular 70 to 80% by weight, of C 18:1 fatty acid, in particular oleic acid. In one embodiment, the mixture of fatty acids comprises 0.1 to 30% by weight, such as 1 to 15% by weight, in particular 5 to 12% by weight, of C 18:2 fatty acid, in particular linoleic acid. In a preferred embodiment, the mixture of fatty acids comprises 65 to 85% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and 1 to 15% by weight of C 18:2 fatty acid. In a further embodiment, the mixture of fatty acids comprises at least 5% by weight, such as at least 10% by weight, in particular at least 15% by weight, of C 18:1 fatty acid, in particular oleic acid. The mixture of fatty acids can comprise 5 to 50% by weight, such as 10 to 40% by weight, in particular 15 to 35% by weight, of C 18:1 fatty acid, in particular oleic acid. The mixture of fatty acids can comprise 10 to 90% by weight, such as 25 to 75% by weight, in particular 40 to 65% by weight, of C 18:2 fatty acid, in particular linoleic acid. In a preferred embodiment, the mixture of fatty acids comprises 10 to 40% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and 25 to 75% by weight of C 18:2 fatty acid, such as 15 to 35% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and 40 up to 65% by weight C 18:2 fatty acid. Furthermore, the mixture of fatty acids can comprise 0.1 to 30% by weight, such as 1 to 20% by weight, in particular 2 to 15% by weight, of C 18:3 fatty acid. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the mixture of fatty acids comprises 10 to 40% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid, 25 to 75% by weight of C 18:2 fatty acid and 1 to 20% by weight of C 18:3 fatty acid . In particular, the mixture of fatty acids comprises 15 to 35% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and 40 to 65% by weight of C 18:2 fatty acid and 2 to 15% by weight of C 18:3 fatty acid. The acid number of the fatty acid used or the fatty acid mixture used is preferably 100 to 300 mg KOH/g, in particular 150 to 250 mg KOH/g. The acid number is measured using DIN EN ISO 2114. The saponification number of the fatty acid used or the fatty acid mixture used is preferably 100 to 300 mg KOH/g, in particular 150 to 250 mg KOH/g. The saponification number indicates the amount of potassium hydroxide in mg that is required to saponify 1 g of the sample to be examined. The saponification number is measured using DIN EN ISO 3681. The iodine number of the fatty acid used or the fatty acid mixture used is preferably 10 to 200 g iodine/100 g, in particular 50 to 150 g iodine/100 g. The iodine number indicates the degree of unsaturation of the sample. The iodine number is measured using DIN EN ISO 39612018-1. Fatty acid esters The esterification of the polyols with the fatty acids can be carried out in a known manner. The acidic catalysts that can be used here are, for example, hypophosphorous acid, methanesulfonic acid, butanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, sulfosuccinic acid and/or mixtures thereof. It is also recommended to carry out the esterification at elevated temperatures, for example at 140 to 250 ° C, preferably at 180 to 240 ° C. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid ester is prepared by heating in hypophosphorous acid. As described above, the fatty acid ester can be prepared from a mixture of different fatty acids and/or polyols. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention consists only of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is prepared from at least one C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a C 2 to C 6 polyol and at least one C 12 to C 22 fatty acid, preferably at least one unsaturated C 16 to C 20 - fatty acid. The fatty acid ester is preferably a partial ester (ie, not all -OH groups of the polyol from which the ester is formed are esterified) and in particular is at least 40% by weight, such as at least 70% by weight. %, based on the total mass of partial and complete esters, a mono-fatty acid ester of one or a mixture of C 8 - to C 22 - fatty acids. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention consists essentially of monofatty acid esters. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a monofatty acid ester of C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a C 2 to C 6 polyol and at least one C 16 to C 20 fatty acid, preferably an unsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid. In a further embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a monofatty acid ester of polyethylene glycol and at least one C 12 to C 22 fatty acid, preferably at least one unsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid. In a further embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a monofatty acid ester of polypropylene glycol and at least one C 12 to C 22 fatty acid, preferably at least one unsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid. In a further embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a monofatty acid ester of copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and at least one C 12 to C 22 fatty acid, preferably at least one unsaturated C 16 to C 20 fatty acid. The copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide may be a random copolymer or block copolymer. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a mixture of monofatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol, the mixture of fatty acids used for production containing at least 50% by weight of C 16 to C 20 fatty acids, preferably at least 50% by weight of saturated or (multiple ) C 18 unsaturated fatty acid. The one for manufacturing The mixture of fatty acids used for this purpose can comprise 50 to 95% by weight, such as 65 to 90% by weight, in particular 70 to 85% by weight, of saturated or (poly)unsaturated C 18 fatty acids. Preferably, the mixture comprises at least 10% C 18:1 fatty acid and/or at least 5% by weight C 18:2 fatty acid. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a mixture of monofatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol, the mixture of fatty acids used for production being 65 to 85% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and/or 1 to 15% by weight of C 18 :2 - fatty acid includes. In a further preferred embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a mixture of monofatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol, the mixture of fatty acids used for production being 10 to 40% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and/or 25 to 75% by weight of C 18:2 - fatty acid and / or 1 to 20% by weight of C 18:3 - fatty acid. In particular, the mixture of fatty acids comprises 15 to 35% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and 40 to 65% by weight of C 18:2 fatty acid and 2 to 15% by weight of C 18:3 fatty acid. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is an ester of polyol ethoxylate or polyol propoxylate and a C 8 to C 22 fatty acid ester mixture, preferably a C 12 to C 22 fatty acid ester mixture. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is an ester of ethoxylated glycerol or trimethylolpropane, which has up to 10, such as 5 to 10, ethylene oxide units, and a fatty acid ester mixture, the mixture of fatty acids used for production containing at least 50% by weight of C 16 - to C 20 fatty acids, preferably 50 to 95% by weight of saturated or unsaturated C 18 fatty acid. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is an ester of ethoxylated glycerol or ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, which has up to 10, such as 5 to 10, ethylene oxide units, and a fatty acid ester mixture, the mixture of fatty acids used for production being 65 to 85% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and/or 1 to 15% by weight. C 18:2 - fatty acid includes. In a further preferred embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is an ester of ethoxylated glycerol or ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, which has up to 10, such as 5 to 10, ethylene oxide units, and a fatty acid ester mixture, the mixture of fatty acids used for production being 10 to 40% by weight of C 18:1 fatty acid and/or 25 to 75% by weight of C 18:2 fatty acid and/or 1 to 20% by weight of C 18:3 fatty acid. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a monoester of ethoxylated glycerol or ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, which has 5 to 10 ethylene oxide units, and a fatty acid ester mixture, the mixture of fatty acids used for production preferably containing at least 50% by weight of saturated or unsaturated C 18 - fatty acid, in particular 65 to 85% by weight, C 18:1 - fatty acid and / or 1 to 15% by weight of C 18:2 - fatty acid. In a further preferred embodiment, the fatty acid ester according to the invention is a monoester of ethoxylated glycerol or ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, which has up to 10, such as 5 to 10, ethylene oxide units, and a fatty acid ester mixture, the mixture of fatty acids used for production being 10 to 40 wt -% C 18:1 - fatty acid and / or 25 to 75% by weight of C 18:2 - fatty acid and / or 1 to 20% by weight of C 18:3 - fatty acid. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester has an acid number (SZ) of 0 to 10 mg KOH/g, such as 2 to 8 mg KOH/g. The acid number can be measured using DIN EN ISO 2114. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester has a hydroxyl number (OHZ) of 5 to 200 mg KOH/g, such as 100 to 190 mg KOH/g and 120 to 180 mg KOH/g. The hydroxyl number is the amount of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in milligrams (mg) that corresponds to the hydroxyl groups that are acetylated in 1 gram of the tested product under specified test conditions. The measurement of the hydroxyl number can be determined using DIN-EN-ISO 4629-1:2016-12. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester has a pour point of 5 to -50°C, such as 0 to -40°C and -10 to -30°C. The pour point is the lowest temperature at which the oil will flow when it is cooled under specified conditions. The pour point can be measured using DIN-ISO 3016. In one embodiment, the fatty acid ester has a dynamic viscosity of 50 to 1000 mPas, such as 70 to 700 mPas and 100 to 400 mPas. The dynamic viscosity is defined as the quotient of the shear stress and the velocity gradient. The dynamic viscosity can be measured using DIN-ISO 3219. A viscometer (e.g. a Roto Visko 1 viscometer from Haake) or a rheometer (e.g. Modular Compact 302 from Anton Paar) can be used for this. Rubber Additive The rubber composition according to the invention contains at least one rubber additive which comprises fatty acid esters. In one embodiment, the rubber additive may consist of the fatty acid ester. Alternatively, the rubber additive contains at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, of fatty acid esters. In addition to the fatty acid ester, the rubber additive can also have other components. In a preferred embodiment, the rubber additive contains fatty acid esters and/or fatty acid soaps, in particular zinc and/or potassium fatty acid soaps. The rubber additives of the present invention can preferably be present in a mixture which contains one or more solid carrier materials and one or more fatty acid esters and, if appropriate, other components. Inorganic fillers (such as silicas) or waxy materials (such as polyethylene waxes) can preferably be used as the carrier material. In a preferred variant, silica is used as the carrier material. Examples of commercially available silicas that can be used in the blend of the present invention are Sipernat 22 and Sipernat 50 from Evonik. Other components that can be included in the mixture include: B. amides, amino alcohols and soaps can be used. Several fatty acid esters according to the invention can also be present in a mixture. The weight ratio of carrier material to fatty acid ester in the mixture is, for example, 10/90 to 90/10, more preferably 20/80 to 80/20 and particularly preferably about 30/70 or 33/67. The use of a mixture makes it particularly easier to handle the fatty acid esters if they are liquid at room temperature. Rubber The rubber composition according to the invention contains at least one rubber. In a preferred embodiment, the rubber is a rubber that can be crosslinked by sulfur crosslinking. According to the invention, rubbers are used that are particularly suitable for producing tread compounds that can be used in the production of tires. Preferred rubbers are diene rubbers. Diene rubbers are rubbers that are created by polymerization or copolymerization of dienes and/or cycloalkenes and therefore have C=C double bonds either in the main chain or in the side groups. Preferred diene rubbers are butadiene rubber, polyisoprene and styrene-butadiene rubber. In a preferred embodiment, the rubber composition comprises at least one styrene-butadiene rubber, natural rubber, polyisoprene and/or butadiene rubber and optionally their functionalized forms. In a preferred embodiment, the rubber composition contains at least one styrene-butadiene rubber (styrene-butadiene copolymer). This can be either solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) or emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (ESBR), although a mixture of at least one SSBR and at least one ESBR can also be used. The terms “styrene-butadiene rubber” and “styrene-butadiene copolymer” are used synonymously in the context of the present invention. The styrene-butadiene copolymer(s) used can be end group modified with modifications and functionalizations and/or functionalized along the polymer chains. The modification can be those with hydroxy groups and/or ethoxy groups and/or epoxy groups and/or siloxane groups and/or amino groups and/or aminosiloxane and/or carboxy groups and/or Phthalocyanine groups and/or silane sulfide groups act. However, other modifications known to those skilled in the art, also referred to as functionalizations, are also possible. Metal atoms can be part of such functionalizations. The butadiene rubber (= BR, polybutadiene) can be any type known to those skilled in the art. These include the so-called high-cis and low-cis types, whereby polybutadiene with a cis content greater than or equal to 90% by weight is referred to as a high-cis type and polybutadiene with a cis content of less than 90% by weight is referred to as a low-cis type. A low-cis polybutadiene is e.g. B. Li-BR (lithium-catalyzed butadiene rubber) with a cis content of 20 to 50% by weight. The polybutadiene used can be end-group modified and/or functionalized along the polymer chains. Reference should be made to the possibilities disclosed above in connection with the modification and functionalization of styrene-butadiene rubber, if necessary adapted to the requirements of BR as a rubber material. According to a preferred embodiment, the rubber composition contains at least one styrene-butadiene rubber, preferably in amounts of 40 to 100 phr, particularly preferably 70 to 90 phr. Furthermore, oil-extended rubber can also be added to the rubber compositions according to the invention. With regard to the amounts of oil-extended rubber used, it is customary to “weigh” the oil content, so that recipes with “rubber” amounts of over 100 phr, such as e.g. B. up to 200 phr, e.g. B. in the range 40 or 70 to 140 or 150 phr. However, since the oil content is usually known, oil-extended rubber can be added so that the sum of the solid rubber components (see the definition above) is such that a total of 100 parts by weight of rubber is present. In one embodiment, the rubber additive is used to reduce the amount of oil in oil-extended rubber. In this case, less oil is used in the rubber composition according to the invention than would be the case in a rubber composition with oil-extended rubber without the rubber additive. According to a preferred embodiment, the rubber composition contains at least one styrene-butadiene rubber which is at the polymer chain ends and/or along the Polymer chains (“back bone functionalized”) are functionalized with at least one of the above-mentioned groups. The functional groups are particularly preferably groups that can bind to silica, such as in particular hydroxy groups and/or ethoxy groups and/or epoxy groups and/or siloxane groups and/or aminosiloxane and/or Carboxy groups and/or silane sulfide groups. According to a preferred embodiment, the rubber composition contains 5 to 95 phr, preferably 10 to 30 phr, of at least one butadiene rubber. The rubber composition according to the invention can also contain natural and/or synthetic polyisoprene. Both cis-1,4-polyisoprene and 3,4-polyisoprene can be used here. The rubber composition preferably contains cis-1,4-polyisoprene with a cis-1,4 content of more than 90% by weight. Natural rubber is a rubber with a high cis-1,4 content. The polyisoprene used can also be end group modified and/or functionalized along the polymer chains. Reference should be made to the possibilities disclosed above in connection with the modification and functionalization of styrene-butadiene rubber, if necessary adapted to the requirements of polyisoprene as a rubber material. The rubbers mentioned can also be contained in combination with one another in the rubber composition. In a preferred embodiment, the rubber composition comprises at least one styrene-butadiene rubber and at least one butadiene rubber, in particular 5 to 95 phr of butadiene rubber and 5 to 80 phr of styrene-butadiene rubber. In a further preferred embodiment, the rubber composition comprises at least one styrene-butadiene rubber, at least one butadiene rubber and at least one natural rubber, in particular 5 to 80 phr butadiene rubber. rubber, 5 to 80 phr styrene-butadiene rubber and 5 to 60 phr natural rubber. In a preferred embodiment, the rubber composition comprises at least one liquid polymer (viscous liquids at normal temperature) such as LIR (liquid polyisoprene), LBR (liquid polybutadiene) and L-SBR (liquid styrene-butadiene). For example, Kurapren LIR30 and Kurapren LIR50 from Kuraray Co., Ltd. can be used as liquid polyisoprene. be used. As the liquid polybutadiene, for example LBR-302, LBR-307, LBR-305 LBR-352 or LBR-361 from Kuraray Co., Ltd. be used. The liquid styrene-butadiene that can be used, for example, is L-SBR-820 or L-SBR-841 from Kuraray Co., Ltd. In addition, the rubber composition according to the invention can contain other rubbers in comparatively small amounts, such as 0.1 to 50 phr. Further additives The rubber composition of the present invention may contain further additives and components, in particular one or more fillers, one or more catalysts or activators for sulfur crosslinking and optionally further additives. In a preferred embodiment, the rubber composition of the present invention contains other additives and ingredients suitable for the production of tread compounds for tires. The rubber composition preferably contains at least one filler. The rubber composition can contain 5 to 300 phr, preferably 30 to 300 phr, in particular 50 to 200 phr of at least one filler, meaning the total amount of all fillers contained. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the total filler content is 30 to 150 phr, particularly preferably 60 to 140 phr, again preferably 80 to 130 phr, again particularly preferably 100 to 130 phr and again very particularly preferably 110 to 130 phr. These can be all fillers known to those skilled in the art, such as soot, carbon nanotubes, silica, aluminosilicates, layered silicates such as kaolin, calcium carbonate (chalk), starch, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, magnesium oxides, aluminum oxides, titanium dioxide, or rubber gels. The rubber composition preferably contains at least one silica as a filler. The silicas can be the silicas known to those skilled in the art which are suitable as fillers for rubber compositions. However, it is particularly preferred if a finely divided, precipitated silica is used which has a nitrogen surface (BET surface) (according to DIN ISO 9277) of 35 to 350 m2/g, preferably of 35 to 260 m2/g , particularly preferably from 100 to 260 m2 / g and very particularly preferably from 115 to 235 m2 / g, and a CTAB surface (according to ASTM D 3765) from 30 to 400 m2 / g, preferably from 30 to 250 m2 / g, particularly preferably from 80 to 250 m2/g and very particularly preferably from 80 to 230 m2/g. Silicas can therefore be used, for example: B. both those of the type Ultrasil® 7000 GR (trade name) from Evonik, as well as Ultrasil® VN3 (trade name) from Evonik, as well as highly dispersible silicas, so-called HD silicas (e.g. Zeosil® 1165 MP from Solvay ), are used. To improve the processability and to bind the silica and other polar fillers that may be present to the rubber, silane coupling agents can be used in a rubber composition. One or more different silane coupling agents can be used in combination with one another. The rubber composition can therefore contain a mixture of different silanes. The silane Coupling agents react with the surface silanol groups of the silica or other polar groups during the mixing of the rubber or the rubber composition (in situ) or before the filler is added to the rubber in the sense of a pretreatment (premodification). All silane coupling agents known to those skilled in the art for use in rubber compositions can be used as silane coupling agents. Such coupling agents known from the prior art are bifunctional organosilanes which have at least one alkoxy, cycloalkoxy or phenoxy group on the silicon atom as a leaving group and which, as other functionality, have a group which optionally, after cleavage, undergoes a chemical reaction with the double bonds of the polymer. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the rubber composition according to the invention contains at least one plasticizer, the total amount of plasticizer preferably being 5 to 150 phr. The plasticizers used in the present invention include all plasticizers known to those skilled in the art, such as aromatic, naphthenic or paraffinic mineral oil plasticizers, such as. B. MES (mild extraction solvate) or RAE (Residual Aromatic Extract) or TDAE (treated distillate aromatic extract), or rubber-to-liquid oils (RTL) or biomass-to-liquid oils (BTL) preferably with a content of polycyclic aromatics of less than 3% by weight according to method IP 346 or facts, or plasticizer resins or natural oils (sunflower oil, rapeseed oil). The rubber composition may contain 5 to 40 phr, preferably 10 to 30 phr, of plasticizer. In one embodiment, the rubber additive is used to reduce the amount of plasticizer in the rubber composition or to replace a plasticizer. In this case, less plasticizer is used in the rubber composition according to the invention than would be the case in a rubber composition without the rubber additive. This can be advantageous in certain cases, for example for environmental protection or economic reasons. The rubber composition preferably also contains substances required for crosslinking, such as zinc oxide, accelerators and/or sulfur. It is particularly advantageous if the rubber composition according to the invention contains zinc oxide or zinc-containing compounds for activating sulfur vulcanization. The vulcanization of the rubber composition is optionally carried out in the presence of sulfur and/or sulfur donors and with the aid of vulcanization accelerators, whereby some vulcanization accelerators can also act as sulfur donors and sulfur and/or sulfur donors as well as vulcanization accelerators in the prior art known amounts can be used. Sulfur and/or sulfur donors as well as one or more accelerators are added to the rubber composition in the stated amounts in the last mixing step. The accelerator is selected from the group consisting of thiazole accelerators and/or mercapto accelerators and/or sulfenamide accelerators and/or thiocarbamate accelerators and/or thiuram accelerators and/or thiophosphate accelerators and/or thiourea accelerators and/or xanthate accelerators and/or guanidine accelerators. Preference is given to using at least one sulfenamide accelerator which is selected from the group consisting of N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesufenamide (CBS) and/or N,N-dicyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide (DCBS) and/or benzothiazyl-2-sulfenmorpholide ( MBS) and/or 2,2`-dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) and/or N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide (TBBS). Multiple accelerators can also be used. A sulfenamide accelerator, particularly preferably CBS, is preferably used in combination with the guanidine accelerator DPG (1,3-diphenylguanidine). The amount of DPG is 0 to 5 phr, preferably 0.1 to 3 phr, particularly preferably 0.5 to 2.5 phr, very particularly preferably 1 to 2.5 phr. Furthermore, the rubber composition can contain customary additives in customary parts by weight. The additives can be selected from the list consisting of anti-aging agents, activators, waxes, resins, mastication aids and processing aids and mixtures thereof. Examples of anti-aging agents that can be used are N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD), N,N'-ditolyl-p-phenylenediamine (DTPD), N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD) and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ) can be used. The rubber composition according to the invention preferably comprises 0.1 to 3 phr of anti-aging agents. Examples of activators that can be used are zinc oxide and fatty acids (e.g. stearic acid) or zinc complexes such as: B. zinc ethyl hexanoate can be used. The rubber composition according to the invention preferably comprises 0.5 to 10 phr, preferably 2 to 5 phr, of activators. The rubber composition according to the invention preferably comprises 0.1 to 3 phr of waxes. Plasticizer resins such as, for example, can be used as resins. B. C 5 petroleum resin, C 9 petroleum resin, terpene resin, coumaronine resin or a hydrocarbon resin made from alpha-methylstyrene and styrene (AMS resin). The rubber composition according to the invention preferably comprises 5 to 150 phr, preferably 15 to 50 phr of resins. For example, 2,2'-dibenzamidodiphenyl disulfide (DBD) can be used as a mastication aid. The rubber composition according to the invention preferably comprises 0.1 to 3 phr of mastication aids. For example, fatty acid salts such as: B. zinc soaps are used. The inventive The rubber composition according to the invention preferably comprises 0.5 to 10 phr, preferably 2 to 5 phr, processing aids. In particular, the rubber composition contains a) 0.1 to 3 phr of anti-aging agents, b) 0.5 to 10 phr, preferably 2 to 5 phr of activators, c) 0.1 to 3 phr of waxes, d) 5 to 100 phr, preferably 15 to 50 phr resins, e) 0.1 to 3 phr mastication aids, and f) 0.5 to 10 phr, preferably 2 to 5 phr processing aids. The proportion of the total amount of further additives is 3 to 150 phr, preferably 3 to 100 phr and particularly preferably 5 to 80 phr. Composition The rubber composition preferably contains between 0.1 to 40 phr of fatty acid esters, as well as 1 to 40, 2 to 40, 3 to 40, 4 to 40 or 5 to 40. In a preferred embodiment, the rubber composition contains 1 to 30 phr, as well 2 to 30, 3 to 30, 4 to 30 and especially 5 to 30 phr fatty acid esters. The fatty acid esters according to the invention can either be added to an existing rubber composition in a so-called “on top” use (in addition to other plasticizers). In such a case, use concentrations between 0.5 to 5 phr are preferred. The fatty acid esters according to the invention can also be used to completely or at least partially replace other plasticizers. In such a case, significantly higher application concentrations are advantageous, in particular 5 to 40 or 5 to 30 phr. In a preferred embodiment, the composition has a rolling resistance, tan delta, that is at least 5%, preferably 10%, in particular 15% lower, after vulcanization 60 ° C, and / or a 5%, preferably 10%, in particular 15% higher wet adhesion, tan delta at 0 ° C. Furthermore, the composition preferably has improved processability, in particular a Mooney viscosity that is at least 5%, preferably 10%, in particular 15% lower and/or a correspondingly lower material pressure during extrusion. Furthermore, the composition preferably has an improved stiffness, in particular a tensile strength and/or elongation at break and/or tensile strength module 100% and/or tensile strength module 300% higher by at least 5%, preferably 10%, in particular 15%. The above-mentioned improvements (lower rolling resistance, higher wet grip, improved processability, increased stiffness) can be determined in comparison to an otherwise identical composition which, instead of the additive according to the invention, comprises a rubber additive known from the prior art in an identical amount. To check, two otherwise identical rubber compositions are produced and their properties are then compared. Furthermore, the improvements mentioned above (lower rolling resistance, higher wet grip, improved processability, increased stiffness) can be determined in comparison to an otherwise identical composition which, instead of the additive according to the invention, comprises a plasticizer known from the prior art in an identical amount. Commercially available materials, such as Tudalen 4192, can be used as known plasticizers. To check, two otherwise identical rubber compositions are produced and their properties are then compared. The above improvements can also be determined in comparison to an otherwise identical composition, which does not contain the rubber additive according to the invention. To check, in this case two identical rubber compositions are produced and the rubber additive according to the invention is additionally added to one of them. The properties of the two rubber compositions are then compared with each other. Preferably, the rubber composition is suitable for producing tread compounds for tires. The rubber composition according to the invention is also suitable for treads which consist of various tread mixtures arranged next to one another and/or one below the other (multi-component treads). Production The rubber additive defined above is usually produced by simply mixing the components. This continues until a desired homogeneous mixture is achieved. Suitable mixing devices are known to those skilled in the art. The rubber composition according to the invention is produced in a conventional manner, with a basic mixture, which contains all components with the exception of the vulcanization system (sulfur and substances influencing vulcanization), generally being first produced in one or more mixing stages and then The finished mixture is produced by adding the vulcanization system. The composition can then be further processed, e.g. B. by an extrusion process, and into the appropriate shape, e.g. B. the shape of a tread blank. The general process for producing rubber compositions and their vulcanizates is described in “Rubber Technology Handbook”, W. Hofmann, Hanser Verlag 1994. The person skilled in the art is aware that, depending on the mixture, in particular depending on the filler content, further mixing stages may be necessary after the first Basic mixing stage must be carried out in order to achieve a better reduction in viscosity and better homogenization. Tires The present invention also relates to a tire in which at least one component was at least partially made from a rubber composition according to the invention. The tire is preferably an all-season or winter tire. In the context of the present invention, tires are understood to mean pneumatic vehicle tires and solid rubber tires, including tires for industrial and construction site vehicles, truck, car and two-wheeler tires. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tire has the rubber composition according to the invention at least in the tread. The present invention further relates to a method for producing a tire, wherein one or more components of the tire are produced from the rubber composition according to the invention and the rubber composition is cured. The use of the rubber composition according to the invention can significantly improve the process for producing tires and treads. Use The present invention further relates to the use of fatty acid esters of at least one C 8 to C 22 fatty acid and a compound selected from C 2 to C 4 alkoxylate of a polyol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and/or copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide as rubber additives - tive in a rubber composition to improve the Mooney viscosity and/or extrusion properties of the rubber composition and/or to improve at least one of abrasion, wet grip and/or rolling resistance of a tire made from the rubber composition. In a preferred embodiment of the use according to the invention, at least one of the properties mentioned is improved compared to a rubber composition which, instead of the rubber additive according to the invention, comprises a known rubber additive in an identical amount. Materials known in the prior art that are used as rubber additives can be used as known rubber additives. To check, two otherwise identical rubber compositions are produced and their properties are then compared. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the properties mentioned is improved by at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, compared to a rubber composition which, instead of the rubber additive according to the invention, comprises a known rubber additive in an identical amount. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the properties mentioned is improved by at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, compared to an otherwise identical rubber composition, ie the rubber additive according to the invention is additionally added to the rubber composition. To check, in this case two identical rubber compositions are produced and the rubber additive according to the invention is additionally added to one of them. The properties of the two rubber compositions are then compared. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the properties mentioned is improved by at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, compared to a rubber composition which, instead of the rubber additive according to the invention, comprises a known plasticizer in an identical amount, and is otherwise identical. Known plasticizers can be commercially available materials such as Tudalen 4192 can be used. In a preferred embodiment, the extrusion properties of the rubber composition are improved compared to a rubber composition which, instead of the rubber additive according to the invention, comprises a known plasticizer in an identical amount or which does not contain any plasticizer and is otherwise identical. The extrusion properties are understood to mean properties such as the extrusion speed, injection swelling, extrusion rate, material pressure, material temperature and/or the surface/edge properties of the extrudate. In a preferred embodiment, the surface quality and/or edge quality of the extrudate is improved. The surface is assessed using a grading system of AE, where A represents the top grade. The edges are assessed using a grading system of 1-10, with 10 being the best grade (according to ASTM D 2230). The rubber additive according to the invention can be used in particular in a rubber composition for treads. In a preferred embodiment, the use according to the invention uses a mixture which contains a) one or more solid carrier materials, and b) one or more fatty acid esters, and c) optionally further components such as amides, amino alcohols and/or soaps. Inorganic fillers (such as silicas) or waxy materials (such as polyethylene waxes) can preferably be used as the carrier material. In a preferred embodiment, a silica is used as the carrier material. The weight ratio of carrier material to fatty acid ester in the mixture is, for example, 10/90 to 90/10, more preferably 20/80 to 80/20 and particularly preferably about 30/70 or 33/67. Exemplary embodiments The invention will now be explained in more detail using comparative and exemplary embodiments, but without being limited to these examples. Example 1 - Preparation of the rubber additives according to the invention a) Rubber additive A 1217.8 g of ethoxylated glycerol (Aduxol GLY-07 from Schärer + Schläpfer), 835.7 g of fatty acid and 2.0 g of hypophosphorous acid were presented. An oleic acid mixture was used as the fatty acid, which was 72.5% C 18:1 , 8% C 18:2 , 6% C 16:1 , 4.5% C 16 , 4% C 14+14:1 , ≤ 4% C 14 , ≤ 3% C 18 , ≤ 2.5% C 18:3 and ≤ 1% C 12 . The oleic acid mixture had an acid number of 201.0 mg KOH/g, a saponification number of 202.0 mg KOH/g and an iodine number of 100.0 g iodine/100 g. The iodine number was determined according to DIN EN ISO 3961 2018-11 and the saponification number according to DIN EN ISO 3681. The mixture was slowly heated to 230 °C and a vacuum was applied. The course of the reaction was monitored by measuring the acid number. The fatty acid ester produced had an acid number of 4.6 mg KOH/g. From the measurement of the hydroxyl number it could be deduced that predominantly a monoester was obtained. b) Rubber additive B 592.2 g of polyethylene glycol 400, 408.7 g of fatty acid and 1.0 g of hypophosphorous acid were presented. The fatty acid used was desti. Soybean oil fatty acid is used, which contains 2 - 6% C 18 , 20 – 29% C 18:1 , 47 - 58% C 18:2 , 4 - 10% C 18:3 , 9 - 12% C 16 , 0 - 1% C 16:1 , and 0 - 1% C 12+14 contains. The soybean oil fatty acid used had an acid number of 194 to 204 mg KOH/g, a saponification number of 195 - 206 mg KOH/g and an iodine number of 125 - 139 g iodine/100 g. The mixture was slowly heated to 230 °C and a vacuum was applied. The course of the reaction was monitored by measuring the acid number. The fatty acid ester produced had an acid number of 1.9 mg KOH/g. The kinematic viscosity at 20 ° C of the fatty acid ester produced was 95.1 mm2 / sec and the dynamic viscosity at 20 ° C was 94.8 mPa s. b) Rubber additive C 352.8 g polypropylene glycol 600, 161.8 g soy fatty acid (see rubber additive B) and 0.5 g of hypophosphorous acid were presented. The mixture was slowly heated to 230 °C and a vacuum was applied. The course of the reaction was monitored by measuring the acid number. The fatty acid ester produced had an acid number of 1.7 mg KOH/g. The kinematic viscosity at 20 °C of the fatty acid ester produced was 107.1 mm2/sec. Example 2 - Preparation of a rubber additive according to the invention Preparation of the rubber composition The mixture was prepared under usual conditions in one or more mixing stages. This was then further processed, e.g. B. by an extrusion process and brought into the appropriate shape. The various components of each mixture are listed in the tables below. Table 1 For all mixture examples contained in the table, the quantities given (parts by weight) are based on 100 parts by weight of total rubber (phr). Test specimens were produced from all mixtures and the material properties typical for the rubber industry were determined using these test specimens using the test methods specified below: ^ Mooney viscosity (MS 1+4, 100 °C), after each mixing stage and after aging, respectively according to DIN EN ISO 289-1, ^ Extrusion properties (extrusion speed, injection swelling, extrusion rate, material pressure, material temperature) Surface assessment (Garvey Die: surface AE with A as top grade, edges 1-10 with 10 as top grade), each according to ASTM D 2230, ^ Material pressure at Different shear rates were measured with an HDK - Göttfert Rheograph 25 (measuring temperature 100 ° C, nozzle geometry: round, length 10 mm, diameter 1 mm). ^ Rebound elasticity at RT, measured according to ASTM D-8059 ^ Shore A hardness at room temperature (RT), measured according to DIN EN ISO 868, ^ Tear strength, elongation at break and tensile strength measured according to DIN 53 504, parameters for stiffness, also for tire abrasion, ^ Stress values at 100 and 300% elongation at room temperature (module 100%, module 300%), according to DIN 53504, ^ Loss factor tan delta at -20 °C, 0 °C and 60 °C according to DIN 53545, o Dynamic mechanical Analysis in which the vulcanized material is clamped and dynamically loaded, o Adhesion to snow can be correlated with the tan delta at -20°C (the larger the tan delta at -20°C, the better the snow adhesion), as described in the Encyclopedia of Polymer Blends, Volume 2: Processing, edited by Avraam I. Isayev, Sanjay Palsule, o Wet adhesion can be correlated with the tan delta at 0°C (the larger the tan delta at 0°C, the better the wet grip), o Rolling resistance can be correlated with the tan delta at 60°C (the smaller the tan delta at 60°C, the lower the rolling resistance), ^ rebound according to DIN 53512. Example 3 - Comparison against Process Oil In this example, the properties of a rubber composition containing additive A prepared in Example 1 (Composition B) were compared to the properties of an otherwise identical rubber composition containing only TDAE oil (Composition A). . The comparison shows improved processing properties as well as improved tire handling and comparable tire adhesion properties of the rubber composition B according to the invention. In addition, the rubber composition according to the invention in particular has a lower rolling resistance, tan delta at 60 ° C. The relevant information and data are shown in Table 2 below.
Tabelle 2 Abbildungen von verschiedenen Extrudaten der Zusammensetzungen A und B (nach 24h und nach einer Woche, bei 60 1/min und 15 1/min) sind in Figur 1a-d dargestellt. Hierbei zeigt Figur 1a Extrudate der Zusammensetzungen A und B nach 24h bei 15 1/min, Figur 1b Extrudate der Zusammensetzungen A und B nach 24h bei 601/min, Figur 1c Extrudate der Zusammensetzun- gen A und B nach einer Woche bei 151/min und Figur 1d Extrudate der Zusammensetzungen A und B nach einer Woche bei 60 1/min. Wie abgebildet, weisen die Extrudate der erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukzusammensetzung B in allen Fällen deutlich weniger Kanten und eine verbesserte Oberflächenstruktur auf. Außerdem weist die erfindungsgemäße Kautschukzusammensetzung B eine bessere Verarbeitbarkeit (niedrigere Mooney-Viskosität) und einen verbesserten Rollwiderstand (niedriger tan delta bei 60 °C) auf. Table 2 Images of different extrudates of compositions A and B (after 24 hours and after a week, at 60 1/min and 15 1/min) are shown in Figures 1a-d. Here, Figure 1a shows extrudates of compositions A and B after 24 hours at 15 rpm, Figure 1b shows extrudates of compositions A and B after 24 hours at 60 rpm, Figure 1c shows extrudates of compositions A and B after one week at 151 rpm and Figure 1d extrudates of compositions A and B after one week at 60 1/min. As shown, the extrudates of the rubber composition B according to the invention in all cases have significantly fewer edges and an improved surface structure. In addition, the rubber composition B according to the invention has better processability (lower Mooney viscosity) and improved rolling resistance (lower tan delta at 60 ° C).
Beispiel 4 – Vergleich gegen Zusammensetzung ohne erfindungs- gemäßes Kautschukadditiv Dieses Beispiel vergleicht die Eigenschaften einer Kautschuk- zusammensetzung mit Additiv A aus Beispiel 1 (Zusammensetzung D) mit einer ansonsten identischen Kautschukzusammensetzung ohne das Additiv (Zusammensetzung C). Tabelle 3 Abbildungen von verschiedenen Extrudaten der Zusammensetzungen C und D nach 24h bei 60 1/min und 15 1/min sind in Figur 2a und b dargestellt. Hierbei zeigt Figur 2a Extrudate bei 15 1/min und Figur 2b Extrudate bei 601/min. Wie abgebildet, weisen die Extrudate der erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukzusammensetzung D in beiden Fällen eine verbesserte Oberflächenstruktur auf. Außerdem weist die erfindungsgemäße Kautschukzusammensetzung D eine bessere Verarbeitbarkeit (niedrigere Mooney-Viskosität), ein verbessertes Reifenhand- ling (höhere Steifigkeit), bessere Abrieb-Eigenschaften (ver- besserte ultimative Reißeigenschaften und niedrigere DIN Ab- riebwerte) und eine verbesserte Nasshaftung (höherer tan delta bei 0°C) bei einem vergleichbaren Rollwiderstand (tan delta bei 60°C) auf. Beispiel 5 – Vergleich gegen Glycerinmonooleat In diesem Beispiel wurden die Eigenschaften einer Kautschukzu- sammensetzung, die das in Beispiel 1 hergestellte Additiv A enthält (Zusammensetzung E), verglichen mit den Eigenschaften einer ansonsten identischen Kautschukzusammensetzung, die stattdessen Glycerinmonooleat enthält (Zusammensetzung F). Der Vergleich zeigt verbesserte Verarbeitungseigenschaften so- wie ein verbessertes Reifenhandling und vergleichbare bis ver- besserte Reifenhaftungseigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Kautschukzusammensetzung E. Außerdem weist die erfindungsgemä- ße Kautschukzusammensetzung insbesondere einen niedrigeren Rollwiderstand, tan delta bei 60 °C auf. Die entsprechenden Informationen und Daten sind in der nach- folgenden Tabelle 4 gezeigt. Abbildungen von verschiedenen Extrudaten der Zusammensetzungen E und F (nach 24h und nach einer Woche, bei 60 1/min und 15 1/min) sind in Figur 3a-d dargestellt. Hierbei zeigt Figur 3a Extrudate der Zusammensetzungen E und F nach 24h bei 15 1/min, Figur 3b Extrudate der Zusammensetzungen E und F nach 24h bei 601/min, Figur 3c Extrudate der Zusammensetzun- gen E und F nach einer Woche bei 151/min und Figur 3d Extrudate der Zusammensetzungen E und F nach einer Woche bei 60 1/min. Wie aus Figuren 3a-d ersichtlich, weisen die Extrudate der er- findungsgemäßen Kautschukzusammensetzung B in allen Fällen deutlich weniger Kanten und eine verbesserte Oberflächenstruk- tur auf. Außerdem weist die erfindungsgemäße Kautschukzusam- mensetzung E ein verbessertes Reifenhandling (höhere Steifig- keit), eine verbesserte Schneehaftung (höherer tan delta bei - 20 °C), eine verbesserte Nasshaftung (höherer tan delta bei 0 °C) sowie einen verbesserten Rollwiderstand (niedriger tan delta bei 60 °C) auf. Beispiel 6 – Vergleich Eigenschaften Kautschukadditive A-C In diesem Beispiel wurden die Eigenschaften von Kautschukzu- sammensetzungen, die die in Beispiel 1 hergestellten Additive A bis C enthalten (Zusammensetzung H-J), verglichen mit den Eigenschaften einer ansonsten identischen Kautschukzusammen- setzung, die stattdessen mehr TDAE Prozessöl enthält (Zusam- mensetzung G). Der Vergleich (siehe die Daten in Tabelle 5) zeigt verbesserte Verarbeitungseigenschaften. Abhängig vom verwendeten Additiv kann die Verarbeitung in verschiedenen Prozessschritten (zum Beispiel beim Mischen oder Extrudieren) gezielt verbessert werden. Darüber hinaus können durch die Wahl des Additivs auch weitere Materialeigenschaften zweckgerichtet optimiert werden. Tabelle 5 Generell weisen die erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzungen H - J verbesserte Extrusionseigenschaften (geringer Materialdruck, verbesserte Extrudate) und niedrigere Mischviskositäten auf. Additiv C (Zusammensetzung J) weist neben der verbesserten Verarbeitung (niedrigere Mooney MS Werte und Materialdrücke), bessere ultimative Reißeigenschaften (Reißfestigkeit, Reißdeh- nung und Weiterreißfestigkeit) als Indikator für besser C&C- Eigenschaften (Cut & Chip) und höhere tan delta Werte bei 0°C und 20 °C als Indikator für bessere Reifenhaftung unter nassen und trockenen Bedingungen auf. Additiv B (Zusammensetzung I) zeigt eine noch deutlichere Ver- besserung der Verarbeitbarkeit, ersichtlich durch geringere Materialdrücke speziell bei hohen Scherraten, bei gleichzeitig verbesserter Weiterreißfestigkeit, ohne dabei den Zielkonflikt Nassbremsen (vergleichbarer tan delta bei 0°C) - Rollwider- stand (vergleichbarer tan delta bei 60°C) negativ zu beein- flussen. Example 4 - Comparison against composition without rubber additive according to the invention This example compares the properties of a rubber composition with additive A from Example 1 (composition D) with an otherwise identical rubber composition without the additive (composition C). Table 3 Images of various extrudates of compositions C and D after 24 hours at 60 1/min and 15 1/min are shown in Figure 2a and b. Here, Figure 2a shows extrudates at 15 rpm and Figure 2b shows extrudates at 60 rpm. As shown, the extrudates of the rubber composition D according to the invention have an improved surface structure in both cases. In addition, the rubber composition D according to the invention has better processability (lower Mooney viscosity), improved tire handling (higher rigidity), better abrasion properties (improved ultimate tear properties and lower DIN abrasion values) and improved wet grip (higher tan delta at 0°C) at a comparable rolling resistance (tan delta at 60°C). Example 5 - Comparison against Glycerol Monooleate In this example, the properties of a rubber composition containing additive A prepared in Example 1 (Composition E) were compared to the properties of an otherwise identical rubber composition containing glycerin monooleate instead (Composition F). The comparison shows improved processing properties as well as improved tire handling and comparable to improved tire adhesion properties of the rubber composition E according to the invention. In addition, the rubber composition according to the invention has in particular a lower rolling resistance, tan delta at 60 ° C. The relevant information and data are shown in Table 4 below. Images of different extrudates of the compositions E and F (after 24 hours and after a week, at 60 1/min and 15 1/min) are shown in Figure 3a-d. Here, Figure 3a shows extrudates of the compositions E and F after 24 hours at 15 l/min, Figure 3b shows extrudates of the compositions E and F after 24 hours at 60 l/min, Figure 3c shows extrudates of the compositions E and F after one week at 151/min and Figure 3d Extrudates of compositions E and F after one week at 60 1/min. As can be seen from FIGS. 3a-d, the extrudates of the rubber composition B according to the invention in all cases have significantly fewer edges and an improved surface structure. In addition, the rubber composition E according to the invention has improved tire handling (higher rigidity), improved snow grip (higher tan delta at -20 ° C), improved wet grip (higher tan delta at 0 ° C) and improved rolling resistance (lower tan delta at 60 °C). Example 6 - Comparison of properties of rubber additives AC In this example, the properties of rubber compositions containing the additives A to C prepared in Example 1 (composition HJ) were compared with the properties of an otherwise identical rubber composition which instead contained more TDAE process oil contains (composition G). The comparison (see the data in Table 5) shows improved processing properties. Depending on the additive used, processing can be specifically improved in various process steps (for example when mixing or extruding). In addition, other material properties can also be optimized in a targeted manner through the choice of additive. Table 5 In general, the compositions H - J according to the invention have improved extrusion properties (low material pressure, improved extrudates) and lower mixed viscosities. Additive C (composition J) has, in addition to improved processing (lower Mooney MS values and material pressures), better ultimate tear properties (tear strength, elongation at break and tear strength) as an indicator of better C&C properties (cut & chip) and higher tan delta values 0°C and 20°C as an indicator of better tire grip in wet and dry conditions. Additive B (composition I) shows an even clearer improvement in processability, evident from lower material pressures, especially at high shear rates, with simultaneously improved tear resistance, without the trade-off between wet braking (comparable tan delta at 0°C) and rolling resistance (comparable tan delta at 60°C).
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22163392 | 2022-03-21 | ||
| PCT/EP2023/057104 WO2023180263A1 (en) | 2022-03-21 | 2023-03-20 | Rubber composition containing additive and use thereof |
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| EP4496846A1 true EP4496846A1 (en) | 2025-01-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP23713348.3A Pending EP4496846A1 (en) | 2022-03-21 | 2023-03-20 | Rubber composition containing additive and use thereof |
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| US (1) | US20250206922A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP4496846A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2025509983A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20240162118A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2023180263A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2705555A1 (en) * | 1977-02-10 | 1978-08-17 | Bayer Ag | STABLE HEAT-SENSITIVE LATEX MIXTURES |
| DE10012407A1 (en) * | 2000-03-15 | 2001-09-20 | Bayer Ag | Rubber mixtures, useful for the production of tire tread contain a polyether, a filler and optionally other processing aids and/or crosslinking agents. |
| DE10342870A1 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2005-05-12 | Clariant Gmbh | Liquid compositions containing oxalkylated polyglycerol esters |
| DE102009060389A1 (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-06-30 | Clariant International Ltd. | Cooling additives with improved flowability |
| EP3138874B1 (en) | 2014-04-30 | 2018-10-24 | Bridgestone Corporation | Rubber composition for tire, production method for rubber composition for tire, and tire |
| US10647833B2 (en) * | 2014-07-18 | 2020-05-12 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Rubber composition and pneumatic tire using same |
| JP7013264B2 (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2022-01-31 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | Dispersant for filler |
| JP6997644B2 (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2022-01-17 | Toyo Tire株式会社 | Rubber composition for tires and pneumatic tires |
| JP6997643B2 (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2022-01-17 | Toyo Tire株式会社 | Rubber composition for tires and pneumatic tires |
| WO2019163519A1 (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2019-08-29 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | Rubber composition and pneumatic tire obtained using same |
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2023
- 2023-03-20 JP JP2024556178A patent/JP2025509983A/en active Pending
- 2023-03-20 EP EP23713348.3A patent/EP4496846A1/en active Pending
- 2023-03-20 WO PCT/EP2023/057104 patent/WO2023180263A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2023-03-20 KR KR1020247034141A patent/KR20240162118A/en active Pending
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| WO2023180263A1 (en) | 2023-09-28 |
| KR20240162118A (en) | 2024-11-14 |
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