[go: up one dir, main page]

EP4487038A1 - Valve - Google Patents

Valve

Info

Publication number
EP4487038A1
EP4487038A1 EP23709351.3A EP23709351A EP4487038A1 EP 4487038 A1 EP4487038 A1 EP 4487038A1 EP 23709351 A EP23709351 A EP 23709351A EP 4487038 A1 EP4487038 A1 EP 4487038A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
piston
pilot
fluid
main
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23709351.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Bruck
Christian Groh
Frank Schulz
André Jäger
Lennard GÜNTHER
Jan Frederik LÜBBERT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydac Fluidtechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Hydac Fluidtechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydac Fluidtechnik GmbH filed Critical Hydac Fluidtechnik GmbH
Publication of EP4487038A1 publication Critical patent/EP4487038A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/36Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor
    • F16K31/40Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor
    • F16K31/406Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor acting on a piston
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/042Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by fluid pressure
    • F15B13/043Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by fluid pressure with electrically-controlled pilot valves
    • F15B13/0433Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor operated by fluid pressure with electrically-controlled pilot valves the pilot valves being pressure control valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/36Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor
    • F16K31/40Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor
    • F16K31/406Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor acting on a piston
    • F16K31/408Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor acting on a piston the discharge being effected through the piston and being blockable by an electrically-actuated member making contact with the piston
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/42Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid by means of electrically-actuated members in the supply or discharge conduits of the fluid motor
    • F16K31/423Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid by means of electrically-actuated members in the supply or discharge conduits of the fluid motor the actuated members consisting of multiple way valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/41Flow control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/413Flow control characterised by the positions of the valve element the positions being continuously variable, e.g. as realised by proportional valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/42Flow control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/428Flow control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/455Control of flow in the feed line, i.e. meter-in control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/46Control of flow in the return line, i.e. meter-out control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/51Pressure control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/513Pressure control characterised by the positions of the valve element the positions being continuously variable, e.g. as realised by proportional valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/52Pressure control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/526Pressure control characterised by the type of actuation electrically or electronically
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/575Pilot pressure control
    • F15B2211/5756Pilot pressure control for opening a valve

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a valve, in particular a proportional valve, with a main piston for controlling a main volumetric flow and with a pilot piston for controlling a pilot volumetric flow, the main and pilot pistons being guided in a valve housing such that they can be moved longitudinally and the pilot piston being controllable by means of a magnetic device.
  • DE 10323595 A1 discloses a valve, in particular in the form of a proportional seat valve or spool valve, with a valve housing and at least three fluid connections extending through the valve housing and with a main piston guided in the valve housing and a pilot control piston that effects pilot control and can be controlled by means of a solenoid device that can be energized.
  • EP 2880315 B1 discloses a valve, in particular a pilot-operated proportional directional seated valve, with a valve housing that has a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the fluid flow between this inlet and outlet being controllable by a main piston
  • a pilot valve chamber On the rear side of the main piston, a pilot valve chamber is provided with a pilot valve closing member that can be moved by an actuating device and with which the fluid flow between the pilot valve chamber and the fluid outlet can be regulated, with an inlet orifice being arranged between the fluid inlet and the pilot valve chamber, with the opening cross section of the
  • the inlet orifice can be reduced by a control element, the inlet orifice having a plurality of orifice bores, the opening cross-section of at least one of the orifice bores being able to be reduced by the control element, and the splitting of the inlet orifice into a plurality of orifice bores makes it possible to close the inlet orifice in a number of opening stages
  • pilot-controlled directional control valves with electro-hydraulic actuation control the start, stop and direction of a volume flow as well as the speed, acceleration and deceleration of a hydraulic consumer connected to the valve, for example in the form of a hydraulic working cylinder.
  • Pilot operated directional control valves are generally used where large flow rates are to be controlled with low flow losses.
  • small flow losses at high volume flows mean large opening cross-sections and thus large strokes of the main spool.
  • Disturbances that affect the valve function are the flow and frictional forces that are dependent on the volume flow and pressure difference, i.e. the valve performance and counteract the switching movement.
  • valves for such applications are known in the state of the art, which therefore necessarily have a hydraulic pilot control. Proceeding from this state of the art, the object of the invention is to further improve the functional behavior of the known valves.
  • a valve with the features of patent claim 1 solves this problem in its entirety.
  • the position of the main piston can be controlled by means of the pilot piston, which, depending on its displacement position, reports a fluid pressure present on the main piston via a fluid connection into a pilot control chamber or suppresses this fluid connection and connects the pilot control chamber to a tank or low-pressure side via a further fluid connection, in which a valve means is introduced, which closes with a seat-tight seal as soon as the one fluid connection between the main piston and the pilot control chamber is established, there is a pilot control stage within the valve with the pilot control piston in one of its possible operating or Travel positions sealed tightly.
  • the valve according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously as a so-called load valve which, even under high stresses, maintains its specifiable, adjustable position without leakage, so that it is ensured that an unintentional on the valve fluidically attacking load is unintentionally lowered, which can otherwise pose a significant safety risk.
  • the valve means is formed from a valve seat which is formed from mutually abuttable sealing surfaces of outer peripheral parts of the pilot piston and inner peripheral parts of adjacent wall parts of the valve housing.
  • the sealing surfaces that can be contacted can consist of inclined surfaces with different inclinations, so that there is a linear sealing contact or sealing edge between the pilot piston and the valve housing within the framework of the valve seat to be produced, which is associated with increased sealing pressures during operation, which lead to improved seat tightness.
  • the sealing surface of the pilot piston is located at a transition point between two different diameters of the pilot piston, of which the larger diameter delimits an annular recess in the pilot piston and the smaller diameter from a An annular groove is formed, which in the closed state of the valve seat at least partially overlaps an annular recess in the valve housing from the inside.
  • valve seat mentioned can be produced in a manner that is favorable in terms of production technology.
  • valve according to the invention, it is provided that when the pilot control piston moves with simultaneous suppression of the fluid connection from the main piston into the pilot control chamber via the valve seat released in this way Fluid guidance is released via the one recess and the annular groove in a groove-like annular channel on the outer circumference of the pilot piston, into which the tank connection on the tank side permanently conducts fluid. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that between the annular groove and the annular channel, a guide section of the pilot control piston with a wider diameter is guided along the assignable inner peripheral parts of the valve housing in each displacement position of the pilot control piston. In this way, reliable guidance of the pilot control piston within the valve housing is achieved, as well as a very compact structure for the movable components within the valve housing.
  • valve in a further particularly preferred embodiment of the valve according to the invention, it is provided that at a definable distance from the closed valve seat in the direction of the magnetic device on the valve housing side there is a movement seal which surrounds the outer circumference of the pilot control piston with a definable pretension.
  • the movement seal achieves complete sealing of the pilot control piston in the valve housing and in both directions, i.e. both in the direction of the pilot control chamber and in the direction of the magnet device, which corresponds to the pilot control pressure, there is a leak-free seal by means of the valve seat or by means of the Motion seal achieved.
  • ring-shaped relief grooves are preferably introduced along the predeterminable distance on the outer circumference of the pilot piston, the result is a pressure-free and thus unimpeded operation of the pilot piston in the valve housing.
  • a further valve seat is provided between the main piston and the valve housing as a further seat-tight means and that the third seat-tight valve by means of which a third valve seat is provided, formed by a closing ball and adjacent wall parts of the main piston.
  • the main stage of the valve formed in particular by the main piston, is designed to be seat-tight, which is particularly advantageous if the valve is designed as a load valve.
  • the various seat-tight valve means in connection with the movement seal ensure that no leakage volume flow can occur.
  • the valve according to the invention is designed to be pressure-closing, ie the basic construction of the valve closes automatically, which in turn makes it particularly suitable for use as a load valve. If there is an equilibrium between a spring force acting on the main spool and a magnetic force from the actuating magnet, the main spool of the valve remains in its specified position and thus controls the main volume flow between two fluid connection points in the valve housing. For the pertinent control behavior, it is favorable that the pilot valve as a whole has a negative overlap and that a control edge is formed by means of the first valve means between the pilot piston and the valve housing, which is particularly finely regulated during operation of the valve on the Control processes for the main piston acts.
  • the valve according to the invention is explained in more detail below using an embodiment according to the figures.
  • FIG. 1 shows essential components of the valve in the energized state
  • FIG. FIG. 2 shows the front part of the valve according to FIG. 1 in a closed valve position
  • FIG. 3 shows an illustration corresponding to FIG. 2 with the valve open
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged representation of an image detail denoted by X in FIGS.
  • the valve shown in the figures is a so-called proportional valve and has a main piston 10 for controlling a main volume flow.
  • a pilot piston 12 for controlling a pilot volumetric flow, the main piston 10 and the pilot piston 12 being guided together in a valve housing 14 so that they can be moved longitudinally.
  • the pilot control piston 12 is driven to be movable in the valve housing 14 by means of a magnetic device 16 .
  • the position of the main piston 10 can be adjusted by means of the pilot piston 12, in which a fluid pressure present on the main piston 10 is reported via a fluid connection 18 in a pilot chamber 20 with the pilot piston 12, which, when the solenoid device 16 is actuated and energized, moves the main piston 10 in its den 2, with the pilot control piston 12 moving from the energized actuation position shown in FIG. 2 to the left, viewed in the direction of the figures, into an initial position when the magnet device 16 is not actuated and de-energized 3, in which the fluid pressure, essentially decoupled from the pressure supply via the main piston 10, falls in the pilot control chamber 20 until the main piston 10 reaches an open position that regulates the main volume flow, as is shown in FIG.
  • the individual forces that occur, in particular spring forces, are shown below with their direction of action in FIG. 1 with force arrows.
  • the spring force with the arrow 23b acting on the front side of the pilot control piston 12 is the magnetic force for the actuating magnet 17 marked with the arrow 28, and the spring force acting on the actuating magnet 17 marked with the arrow 29a.
  • the pilot piston 12 is designed as a hollow piston, which has a first recess 30 on its outer circumference in the manner of an annular shoulder, which when the magnet device 16 is actuated or energized, as shown in FIG 2, in an actuation position, creates a fluid-carrying connection 18 to the main piston 10 and, with the magnet device 16 de-energized, as shown in FIG fluid-carrying connection interrupts.
  • the pilot piston 12 designed as a hollow piston has a fluid-carrying channel 32 along its inner circumference, which at its one free end leads into the pilot chamber 20 via a radially running channel section 36 of this axially running channel 32 into a second annular recess 38 opens out on the outer circumference of the hollow or pilot control piston 12, which when the magnetic device 16 is not actuated, as shown in FIG 18 to the main piston 10.
  • All the fluid guides mentioned, such as the channel section 36 as well as the tank connection 40, can be present several times as shown, with only one fluid guide being provided with a reference symbol for the sake of a simpler, clearer illustration.
  • valve housing 14 via which the main volume flow to be regulated is conducted, is forwarded to the pilot control chamber 20 as a signaling pressure when the valve is closed "energized". If the fluid pressure at the end-side, axial fluid connection 44 is greater than at the radial fluid connection 46 mounted transversely thereto, fluid at this higher pressure reaches the fluid connection 44 and a longitudinal channel 50 in the front area of the main piston 10, which is designed to be seat-tight in this respect, e.g Changeover valve 42 with its closing ball 48.
  • additional energy accumulators such as compression springs
  • the relevant closing ball 48 is moved to the right as viewed in the direction of the figures and thereby closes a radial channel 52 with an incline in the main piston 10 in a seat-tight manner, which opens into the fluid connection 46 in the valve housing 14.
  • the valve chamber 54 of the changeover valve 42 is in turn connected to a further longitudinal channel 56 which is introduced into the main piston 10 and which opens out with its free front end into a fluid chamber 58 in the main piston 10 .
  • the fluid chamber 58 is connected to a further fluid chamber 62, which is designed as an annular chamber and is arranged between the valve housing 14 and the main piston 10, via at least two connecting channels 60 in the main piston 10, which are arranged at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the valve.
  • the further fluid chamber 62 transitions fluid-carrying into an annular chamber 64 arranged in the valve housing 14 with a wider diameter, and from there a longitudinal channel section 66 designed as a high-pressure channel, which is closed at one free end by means of a plug 69, leads into a crescent Annular space 67, which is arcuate and fluid-carrying in a part of the lower segment of the valve housing 14 introduced.
  • the crescent-shaped annular chamber 67 permanently carries fluid and merges into a radially arranged transverse channel part 68 in the valve housing 14, which has a groove-shaped widening in cross-section at its inner free end towards the pilot control piston 12 and which, according to Representation according to FIG.
  • the components 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68 and 30 form the possible fluid connection 18 between the fluid connections 44, 46 on the main piston 10 and the pilot control chamber 20 between the main control pistons 10 and pilot piston 12, provided that the magnetic device 16 is energized and its right-hand operating position according to Figures 1, 2 and 4 occupies. Otherwise, in the non-actuated, normally open position of the magnet device 16, the fluid-carrying connection 18 between the first recess 30 and the transverse channel part 68 is prevented by the pilot control piston 12 assuming its initial position on the left in FIG.
  • the pressure in the pilot control chamber 20 is switched via the tank connection 40 and the further fluid-carrying connection 19 to the largely pressure-free tank side T, so that the main piston 10 can assume one of its open positions according to Figure 3, in which a main fluid connection between the fluid connections 44 and 46 is made in both possible fluid directions, which will be explained in more detail below. If the pressure at the radial connection 46 as the further fluid connection in the valve housing 14 is greater than at the fluid connection 44, the changeover valve 42 is switched as viewed in the direction of the figures, in that the closing ball 48 now assumes its left-hand closed position, which closes the channel 50.
  • fluid with a definable pressure reaches the further longitudinal channel 56 via the fluid connection 46 and the radial channel 52 as well as the valve chamber 54, so that the remaining fluid connection 18 to the pilot control chamber 20 via the pertinent path is released when the Pilot piston 12 is shown in Figure 2, occupies energized right operating position.
  • a fluid pressure from a pressure supply device, such as a hydraulic pump, should usually be present at the fluid connection 44 and a hydraulic consumer, such as a hydraulic cylinder, should be connected to the fluid connection 46 .
  • a pressure supply device such as a hydraulic pump
  • the valve is suitable as a so-called Load valve with which loads can also be lowered in a controlled manner, in particular if the actuating magnet device 16 interacts in this way with an electronic control or regulation system that is not shown in detail.
  • the main piston 10 is composed of two components 70, 72, with the pertinent components 70, 72 delimiting the fluid chamber 58 with their facing free end faces in the axial direction of displacement of the valve pistons 10, 12 .
  • a second compression spring 74 acts as a further energy store, which is supported with its other free end on stationary parts of the valve housing 14 and, as a compression spring, applies a preload to the Main piston 10 exerts in its closing direction.
  • the compression spring 22 runs on the inner circumference of the second compression spring 74 and is arranged coaxially thereto. One free end of the compression spring is supported on a step-shaped shoulder inside the first component 70 and the other free end is supported on an annular projection on the pilot piston 12. In this way, both the main piston 10 and the pilot piston 12 are prestressed by the two compression springs 74 and 22, respectively, with their respective spring force.
  • the pilot piston 12 is in tight contact with the valve housing 14 via an annular valve seat 23, so that there is no unintentional leakage flow from the pilot chamber 20 when the valve is closed can come in the direction of the tank connection 40.
  • the pilot control piston 12 moves into its left-hand starting position as viewed in the direction of the figures, involving at least the compression spring 23a, which acts between the magnet housing 14 and the actuating magnet 17 of the magnet device 16 proceed as shown in Figure 3.
  • the recess 30 on the outer circumference of the pilot piston 12 is closed by associated housing parts of the valve housing 14 and is separated from the chamber 67 carrying high pressure.
  • the respective transverse channel 68 which can be connected to the fluid chamber 58 to carry fluid and is therefore closed to the respective pressure introduction side on the main piston 10 by the adjacent outer circumference of the pilot piston 12, preferably in a fluid-tight manner.
  • the main piston 10 is held in the direction of its closed position by the outer second compression spring 74 .
  • the pilot control chamber 20 cut off from the pressure supply by the main piston 10 can now be kept pressureless via the fluid-carrying channel 32 inside the pilot piston 12 in the direction of the tank connection 40, in that the fluid pressure in the pilot control chamber 20 inevitably drops. In this way, a fluid connection is established from the pilot control chamber 20 via the fluid-carrying duct 32 to the respective transverse duct section 36 of the pertinent duct 32 . Since the pilot piston 20 is in its normally open starting position according to FIG.
  • the second recess 38 in the valve housing 14 to the left by means of the compression spring 23a acting on the pilot piston 12, and fluid can flow from there via the released valve seat 23 and via the annular groove 31 into an annular recess 33 in the valve housing 14 in a relief space or a groove-like annular channel 78 to the tank side, which is formed by an axially widened annular recess in the valve housing 14.
  • the pilot piston 12 entrains the annular channel 78 mounted in it, so that the front end engages in the fluid-carrying annular recess 33, whereas the rear end of the ring channel 78 is still in the fluid circuit with the respective tank connection 40, at least with a reduced overlap .
  • the respective tank connection 40 opens into an enlarged annular space 73 which, via a low-pressure-side connection channel 77 in the longitudinal direction through the valve housing 14, establishes a fluid connection to the tank side T.
  • the actuating magnet 17 of the magnetic device 16 is again supplied with current, the associated actuating magnet 17 or magnet armature moves counter to the effect, as seen in the viewing direction of FIG of the magnetic spring 23a to its right-hand displacement or stop position.
  • the magnetic device 16 has a coil 81 which can be energized and which, when correspondingly energized, moves the actuating magnet 17 or the magnet armature from its initial position shown in FIG. 1 to the right into its actuating position.
  • the compression spring 23a allows an unobstructed return to the initial position shown, which corresponds to the position of the pilot control piston 12 according to FIG. normally open".
  • the pilot piston 12 is also in its left starting position, and as already explained, the pilot control chamber 20 is then no longer pressurized with fluid at a predefinable pressure from the main piston 10 supplied.
  • the fluid pressure prevailing in the pilot chamber 20 also acts in principle on the back of the main piston 10, so that the main piston 10 is securely held closed due to the area ratio if the pilot piston 12 assumes the position according to FIG.
  • the actuated position or the energized position corresponds to the securely closed position for the main piston 10. Furthermore, fluid reaches the rear side of the pilot piston 12 via the fluid-carrying channel 32 in order to produce pressure equalization for the movable components in this way; solely according to the illustration according to FIGS. 2 and 4, a seat-tight shut-off of the fluid path from the pilot control chamber 20 in the direction of the tank connection 40 is now achieved via the valve seat 23, with the pertinent shut-off of the fluid path being leak-tight.
  • the first valve means 21 formed from the valve seat 23 consists of sealing surfaces 24, 25, which can be brought into contact with one another, of outer peripheral parts 35 of the pilot control piston 12 and inner peripheral parts 27 of adjacent ones Wall parts of the valve housing 14, which can be seen in particular from the representation according to FIG.
  • the sealing surface 24 of the pilot piston 12 is located at a transition point 29 between two different diameters D1, D2 of the pilot piston 12, of which the larger diameter D1 delimits the annular recess 38 in the pilot piston 12, and the smaller diameter D2 from the annular groove 31 is formed, which in the closed state of the valve seat 23 at least partially overlaps the annular recess 33 in the valve housing 14 from the inside.
  • the pilot piston 12 moves from its starting position according to FIG.
  • a seat-tight and therefore fluid-tight seal between the pilot control chamber 20 and the rear area 83 of the valve with the magnet device 16 is created via the closed valve seat 23 .
  • a movement seal 43 which is stationarily arranged in the valve housing 14 and which preferably covers the outer circumference with a predeterminable pretension 39 of the pilot piston 12 includes. Since pressurized fluid on the main piston 10 can reach the other side with the magnetic device 16 via the fluid channel 32 in the pilot piston 12, i.e.
  • the pilot piston 12 is positioned by means of the movement seal 43, in particular opposite the tank connection 40 and consequently towards the tank side T, sealed.
  • an actuating rod 84 of the magnet device 16 acts on the one free end face of the movable pilot control piston 12 in order to actuate it.
  • the movement seal 43 preferably consists of a slide ring seal 85, for example in the form of a segmented Teflon ring, which is kept under pretension by means of an elastomer O-ring 87, this slide ring 85 with predeterminable pretension against the outer circumference 39 of the pilot control piston 12 tense.
  • the pertinent movement seal 43 is preferably accommodated in the manner of a slide seal in an associated, groove-shaped recess in the valve housing 14, which, as shown in the figures, can also be composed of several parts, which is common in valve technology.
  • the said distance between the annular recess 33 and the movement seal 43 is in any case smaller than four times the diameter of the pilot piston 12 in this area and larger than twice the diameter. In particular, the distance should be 2.7 of the relevant diameter. The distance creates a kind of overlap between the transition to the ring recess 33 and the start of the moving seal 43. The overlap is necessary if the seal is not installed in order to keep the leakage at a low level.
  • a further valve seat 49 is provided between the main piston 10 and valve housing 14 as a further seat-tight valve means 47 and a third valve seat 53 is provided as a third seat-tight valve means 51, formed by the closing ball 48 together with adjacent wall parts of the main piston 10, due to the one - Set three, arranged at different points, seat-tight valve means 21, 47 and 51 created a particularly advantageous load valve.
  • the main piston 10 has on its free, left side a convex end face 98, formed from a definable radius, which serves to create a linear relationship between the stroke of the main piston 10 and the opening area it generates at the fluid connections 44 or 46 to produce. Otherwise, the main piston 10 is guided in a longitudinally movable manner on the inner peripheral side of the valve housing 14 via stepped annular surfaces, with a pertinent inclined surface forming the further valve seat 49 and thus resulting in the second seat-tight valve means 47 . Overall, a seat-tight shut-off between the fluid connection points 44, 46 is achieved in this way if the main piston 10 assumes its closed position shown in FIGS.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Indication Of The Valve Opening Or Closing Status (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a valve, in particular a proportional valve, comprising a main piston (10) for actuating a main volumetric flow and a pilot piston (12) for actuating a pilot volumetric flow. The main piston (10) and the pilot piston (12) are guided in a valve housing (14) in a longitudinally movable manner, and the pilot piston (12) can be actuated by means of a magnetic device (16). The invention is characterized in that the position of the main piston (10) can be set by means of the pilot piston (12) which, based on the movement position thereof, signals the fluid pressure acting on the main piston (10) into a pilot chamber (20) via a fluidic connection (18) or cuts off the fluidic connection (18) and connects the pilot chamber (20) to a tank or low-pressure side (T) via another fluidic connection (19) into which a valve means (21) is introduced that closes in a leak-proof manner as soon as a fluidic connection (18) is produced between the main piston (10) and the pilot chamber (20).

Description

Ventil Die Erfindung betrifft ein Ventil, insbesondere Proportionalventil, mit einem Hauptkolben zum Ansteuern eines Hauptvolumenstroms und mit einem Vorsteuerkolben zum Ansteuern eines Vorsteuervolumenstroms, wobei Haupt- und Vorsteuerkolben in einem Ventilgehäuse längsverfahrbar ge- führt sind und wobei der Vorsteuerkolben mittels einer Magneteinrichtung ansteuerbar ist. Durch DE 10323595 A1 ist Ventil bekannt, insbesondere in Form eines Proportionalsitzventiles oder Schieberventiles, mit einem Ventilgehäuse und mindestens drei das Ventilgehäuse durchgreifenden Fluid-Anschlüssen sowie mit einem im Ventilgehäuse geführten Hauptkolben und einem eine Vorsteuerung bewirkenden Vorsteuerkolben, der mittels einer bestrombaren Magneteinrichtung ansteuerbar ist, wobei bei einer geöffneten Vorsteuerung Fluid von einem der beiden Anschlüsse, die von dem Hauptkolben ansteu- erbar sind, über eine Querschnittsverengung im Hauptkolben und die Vor- steuerung zum dritten, durch den Vorsteuerkolben ansteuerbaren Anschluss gelangt, und wobei aufgrund des damit einhergehenden Druckabfalls der Hauptkolben in jeweils eine, die beiden Fluidanschlüsse von der Fluid- menge her ansteuerbare Steuerposition gelangt. Durch EP 2880315 B1 ist ein Ventil, insbesondere ein vorgesteuertes Pro- portional-Wegesitzventil bekannt, mit einem Ventilgehäuse, das einen Fluideinlass und einen Fluidauslass aufweist, wobei der Fluidstrom zwi- schen diesem Ein- und Auslass durch einen Hauptkolben regelbar ist, wobei auf einer Rückseite des Hauptkolbens eine Vorsteuerventilkammer vorgese- hen ist mit einem durch eine Betätigungseinrichtung bewegbaren Vorsteu- erventilschließglied, mit welchem der Fluidstrom zwischen der Vorsteuer- ventilkammer und dem Fluidauslass regelbar ist, wobei zwischen dem Fluideinlass und der Vorsteuerventilkammer eine Zulaufblende angeordnet ist, wobei der Öffnungsquerschnitt der Zulaufblende durch ein Steuerele- ment verkleinerbar ist, wobei die Zulaufblende mehrere Blendenbohrungen aufweist, wobei der Öffnungsquerschnitt von wenigstens einer der Blenden- bohrungen durch das Steuerelement verkleinerbar ist, und wobei es die Aufspaltung der Zulaufblende in mehrere Blendenbohrungen ermöglicht, die Zulaufblende in mehreren Öffnungsstufen zu schalten. Dahingehend vorgesteuerte Wegeventile mit elektro-hydraulischer Betäti- gung steuern Start, Stopp und Richtung eines Volumenstroms sowie Ge- schwindigkeit, Beschleunigung und Verzögerung eines an dem Ventil ange- schlossenen hydraulischen Verbrauchers, beispielsweise in Form eines hy- draulischen Arbeitszylinders. Vorgesteuerte Wegeventile werden grundsätz- lich dort eingesetzt, wo große Volumenströmen bei geringen Strömungsver- lusten gesteuert werden. Geringe Strömungsverluste bei hohen Volumen- strömen bedeuten jedoch große Öffnungsquerschnitte und somit große Hübe des Hauptkolbens. Störungen, welche die Ventilfunktion beinträchti- gen, sind die von Volumenstrom und Druckdifferenz, sprich der Ventilleis- tung abhängige, der Schaltbewegung entgegenwirkende Strömungs- und Reibungskräfte. Insbesondere bei mechanischer Betätigung durch eine Fe- der, regelmäßig in Form einer Rückstellfeder, kann der Bemessungswert der Federkraft gegenüber der Reibkraft für die Rückstellung des Kolbenschie- bers zu klein sein. Um diesen Anforderungen an das Magnetsystem bezüg- lich Hub und Kraft gerecht zu werden, müsste entweder das Magnetsystem entsprechend groß dimensioniert werden oder man steuert das Ventil hyd- raulisch vor. Wie vorstehend aufgezeigt, sind im Stand der Technik für sol- che Anwendungsfälle Ventile bekannt, die demgemäß zwangsläufig über eine hydraulische Vorsteuerung verfügen. Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die bekannten Ventile von ihrem Funktionsverhalten her weiter zu verbessern. Eine dahingehende Aufgabe löst ein Ventil mit den Merkma- len des Patentanspruches 1 in seiner Gesamtheit. Dadurch, dass gemäß dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 die Position des Hauptkolbens mittels des Vorsteuerkolbens ansteuerbar ist, der je nach seiner Verfahrstellung einen am Hauptkolben anstehenden Flu- iddruck über eine Fluidverbindung in einen Vorsteuerraum meldet oder diese Fluidverbindung unterbindet und den Vorsteuerraum mit einer Tank- oder Niederdruckseite über eine weitere Fluidverbindung verbindet, in die ein Ventilmittel eingebracht ist, das sitzdicht schließt, sobald die eine Fluid- verbindung zwischen Hauptkolben und Vorsteuerraum hergestellt ist, ist in- nerhalb des Ventils eine Vorsteuerstufe mit dem Vorsteuerkolben in einer seiner möglichen Betriebs- oder Verfahrstellungen sitzdicht abgedichtet. Aufgrund der genannten sitzdichten Abdichtung für den Vorsteuerraum mit Vorsteuerkolben, kann das erfindungsgemäße Ventil besonders vorteilhaft als sogenanntes Lastventil eingesetzt werden, das auch im Rahmen hoher Beanspruchungen leckagefrei seine vorgebbare, einstellbare Position beibe- hält, so dass sichergestellt ist, dass nicht ungewollt eine am Ventil fluidisch angreifende Last ungewollt abgesenkt wird, was ansonsten ein erhebliches Sicherheitsrisiko darstellen kann. In der geschlossenen Stellung ist das Ven- til leckagefrei und in der offenen Stellung führt es einen Regelvolumen- strom. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Ventils ist vorgesehen, dass das Ventilmittel aus einem Ventilsitz gebildet ist, der aus miteinander in Anlage bringbaren Dichtflächen von Außenumfangsteilen des Vorsteuerkolbens und Innenumfangsteilen benachbarter Wandteile des Ventilgehäuses gebildet ist. Insbesondere können die kontaktierbaren Dicht- flächen aus Schrägflächen unterschiedlicher Neigung bestehen, so dass es im Rahmen des herzustellenden Ventilsitzes zu einer linienförmigen Dicht- anlage respektive Dichtkante zwischen Vorsteuerkolben und Ventilgehäuse kommt, was im Betrieb mit erhöhten Dichtungspressungen einhergeht, die zu einer verbesserten Sitzdichtheit führen. Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Ventils ist vorgesehen, dass die Dichtfläche des Vorsteuerkolbens an einer Übergangsstelle zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen Durchmessern des Vor- steuerkolbens gelegen ist, von denen der größere Durchmesser eine ringför- mige Ausnehmung im Vorsteuerkolben begrenzt und der demgegenüber kleinere Durchmesser aus einer Ringnut gebildet ist, die im geschlossenen Zustand des Ventilsitzes zumindest teilweise eine Ringausnehmung im Ven- tilgehäuse von innen her übergreift. Dergestalt lässt sich in herstelltechnisch günstiger Weise der angesprochene Ventilsitz herstellen. Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Ventils ist vorgesehen, dass in die eine Ausnehmung am Vorsteuerkolben ein Kanalabschnitt eingreift, der in den fluidführenden Kanal des Vorsteuer- kolbens übergeht, der an einer Seite in den Vorsteuerraum ausmündet. Der- gestalt ist in besonders strömungsgünstiger Weise eine Anbindung des Vor- steuerraums an die bewegbaren Komponenten des Ventils erhalten. Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Ventils ist vorgesehen, dass bei einer Verfahrbewegung des Vorsteuerkol- bens bei gleichzeitiger Unterbindung der Fluidverbindung vom Hauptkol- ben in den Vorsteuerraum über den derart freigegebenen Ventilsitz eine Fluidführung über die eine Ausnehmung und die Ringnut in einen nutarti- gen Ringkanal am Außenumfang des Vorsteuerkolbens freigegeben ist, in den permanent fluidführend der Tankanschluss der Tankseite ausmündet. Ferner ist dabei bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass zwischen der Ringnut und dem Ringkanal ein im Durchmesser verbreiterter Führungsabschnitt des Vorsteu- erkolbens entlang der zuordenbaren Innenumfangteile des Ventilgehäuses in jeder Verfahrstellung des Vorsteuerkolbens geführt ist. Dergestalt ist eine sichere Führung des Vorsteuerkolbens innerhalb des Ventilgehäuses er- reicht sowie ein sehr kompakter Aufbau für die bewegbaren Komponenten innerhalb des genannten Ventilgehäuses. Bei einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungs- gemäßen Ventils ist vorgesehen, dass in einem vorgebbaren Abstand zum geschlossenen Ventilsitz in Richtung der Magneteinrichtung auf Seiten des Ventilgehäuses eine Bewegungsdichtung vorhanden ist, die mit einer vor- gebbaren Vorspannung den Außenumfang des Vorsteuerkolbens umfasst. Mit der Bewegungsdichtung ist eine vollständige Abdichtung des Vorsteuer- kolbens im Ventilgehäuse erreicht und in beiden Richtungen, also sowohl in Richtung des Vorsteuerraumes als auch in Richtung der Magneteinrich- tung, was dem Vorsteuerdruck entspricht, ist eine leckagefreie Abdichtung mittels des Ventilsitzes bzw. mittels der Bewegungsdichtung erreicht. Sofern bevorzugt entlang des vorgebbaren Abstandes am Außenumfang des Vorsteuerkolbens ringförmige Entlastungsnuten eingebracht sind, ergibt sich ein druckfreier und somit hemmnisfreier Betrieb des Vorsteuerkolbens im Ventilgehäuse. Besonders bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Ven- til als weiteres sitzdichtes Mittel ein weiterer Ventilsitz zwischen Hauptkol- ben und Ventilgehäuse vorgesehen ist sowie das als drittes sitzdichtes Ven- tilmittel ein dritter Ventilsitz vorgesehen ist, gebildet durch eine Schließku- gel und benachbarten Wandteilen des Hauptkolbens. Dergestalt ist auch die Hauptstufe des Ventils, insbesondere gebildet durch den Hauptkolben, sitzdicht ausgeführt, was besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn das Ventil als Lastventil konzipiert ist. Mit den verschiedenen sitzdichten Ventilmitteln in Verbindung mit der Bewegungsdichtung ist sichergestellt, dass kein Lecka- gevolumenstrom entstehen kann. Das erfindungsgemäße Ventil ist druck- schließend konzipiert, d.h. von der Grundkonstruktion her schließt das Ventil selbsttätig, was es wiederum besonders geeignet macht für den Ein- satz als Lastventil. Kommt es zu einem Gleichgewicht zwischen einer am Hauptkolben angreifenden Federkraft und einer Magnetkraft durch den Be- tätigungsmagneten, bleibt der Hauptkolben des Ventils in seiner vorgegebe- nen Stellung regelnd stehen und steuert dergestalt den Hauptvolumenstrom zwischen zwei Fluidanschlussstellen im Ventilgehäuse. Für das dahinge- hende Regelungsverhalten ist es günstig, dass das Vorsteuerventil als Gan- zes eine negative Überdeckung aufweist und dass mittels des ersten Ventil- mittels zwischen Vorsteuerkolben und Ventilgehäuse eine Steuerkante ge- bildet ist, die im Betrieb des Ventils besonders fein regulierend auf die An- steuervorgänge für den Hauptkolben einwirkt. Im Folgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Ventil anhand einer Ausführungs- form nach den Figuren näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen in prinzipieller und nicht maßstäblicher Längsschnittdarstellung die Figur 1 wesentliche Komponenten des Ventils, im bestromten Zu- stand; Figur 2 in einer geschlossenen Ventilstellung den vorderen Teil des Ventils nach der Figur 1; Figur 3 eine der Figur 2 entsprechende Darstellung bei geöffnetem Ventil; und Figur 4 eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines in den Figuren 1 und 2 mit X bezeichneten Bildausschnitts. Das in den Figuren gezeigte Ventil ist ein sogenanntes Proportionalventil und weist einen Hauptkolben 10 zum Ansteuern eines Hauptvolumen- stroms auf. Ferner ist ein Vorsteuerkolben 12 vorhanden zum Ansteuern ei- nes Vorsteuervolumenstroms, wobei der Hauptkolben 10 sowie der Vor- steuerkolben 12 gemeinsam in einem Ventilgehäuse 14 längsverfahrbar ge- führt sind. Wie sich insbesondere aus der Figur 1 ergibt, ist der Vorsteuer- kolben 12 mittels einer Magneteinrichtung 16 verfahrbar im Ventilgehäuse 14 angesteuert. Die Position des Hauptkolbens 10 ist mittels des Vorsteuerkolbens 12 ein- stellbar, in dem ein am Hauptkolben 10 anstehender Fluiddruck über eine Fluidverbindung 18 in einen Vorsteuerraum 20 mit dem Vorsteuerkolben 12 gemeldet wird, der bei betätigter, bestromter Magneteinrichtung 16 den Hauptkolben 10 in seiner den Hauptvolumenstrom unterbindenden Schließstellung hält, wie dies in der Figur 2 dargestellt ist, wobei bei unbe- tätigter, stromloser Magneteinrichtung 16 der Vorsteuerkolben 12 ausge- hend von der in Figur 2 gezeigten bestromten Betätigungsstellung in Blick- richtung auf die Figuren gesehen nach links in eine Ausgangsstellung nach der Figur 3 verfährt, bei der der Fluiddruck, im Wesentlichen abgekoppelt von der Druckversorgung über den Hauptkolben 10, im Vorsteuerraum 20 solange fällt bis der Hauptkolben 10 in eine den Hauptvolumenstrom re- gelnde Öffnungsstellung gelangt, wie dies in der Figur 3 beispielhaft für eine der möglichen Öffnungsstellungen gezeigt ist. Sofern die Richtungen „rechts“ und „links“ angesprochen sind, meint dies eine Richtung in Blick- richtung auf die Figuren gesehen. Die Position des Hauptkolbens 10 wird demgemäß mit Hilfe des Vorsteuer- kolbens 12 eingestellt. Dahingehend ist das Kräftegleichgewicht am Vor- steuerkolben 12 zu berücksichtigen, der nahezu bis auf etwaige Fertigungs- toleranzen druckausgeglichen geführt ist, weshalb es keine Druckkraft gibt. Dabei ergeben sich die folgenden Formelzusammenhänge: mit , dabei ist induzierte Reibkraft aufgrund der Bewegung des Vorsteuerkol- bens 12, mittlere Federsteifigkeit der eingesetzten Federn, die Kraft der endseitig am Vorsteuerkolben 12 angreifenden Druckfeder 22, und die an einem Betätigungsmagneten 17 angreifende Druckfe- der 23a, die in Richtung der Ausgangsstellung des Vorsteuer- kolbens 12 wirkt. An dem Betätigungsmagneten 17 mit seinem Magnetanker kann in entge- gengesetzter Wirkrichtung zu seiner ziehenden Betätigungsrichtung eine zusätzliche Druckfeder (nicht dargestellt) wirken, die dazu dient den soge- nannten Totstrom zu überwinden, sprich denjenigen Strom zur Verfügung zu stellen bis der Betätigungsmagnet 17 die Federkräfte insgesamt überwun- den hat und zu einer Bewegung ansetzt. Dergestalt lässt sich etwaigen Hemmnissen im Betrieb des Ventils vorbeugen. Im Folgenden werden die einzelnen auftretenden Kräfte, insbesondere Fe- derkräfte, mit ihrer Wirkrichtung in der Figur 1 mit Kraftpfeilen wiedergege- ben. Dabei ist die am Vorsteuerkolben 12 stirnseitig angreifende Federkraft mit dem Pfeil 23b, die Magnetkraft für den Betätigungsmagneten 17 mit dem Pfeil 28 gekennzeichnet, und die am Betätigungsmagneten 17 wir- kende Federkraft mit dem Pfeil 29a gekennzeichnet. Wie sich des Weiteren aus den Figuren ergibt, ist der Vorsteuerkolben 12 als Hohlkolben ausgebildet, der an seinem Außenumfang eine erste Aus- nehmung 30 aufweist in der Art eines ringförmigen Absatzes, die bei betä- tigter respektive bestromter Magneteinrichtung 16, gemäß der Darstellung nach der Figur 2, in einer Betätigungsstellung eine fluidführende Verbin- dung 18 zum Hauptkolben 10 herstellt und bei stromlos gehaltener Mag- neteinrichtung 16, gemäß der Darstellung nach der Figur 3, in die Aus- gangsstellung unter der Wirkung der Druckfeder 23a gelangt und die dahin- gehende fluidführende Verbindung unterbricht. Der als Hohlkolben ausge- bildete Vorsteuerkolben 12 weist entlang seines Innenumfanges einen fluid- führenden Kanal 32 auf, der mit seinem einen freien Ende in den Vorsteuer- raum 20 über einen radial verlaufenden Kanalabschnitt 36 dieses axial ver- laufenden Kanals 32 in eine zweite ringförmige Ausnehmung 38 am Außen- umfang des Hohl- oder Vorsteuerkolbens 12 ausmündet, der bei unbetätig- ter Magneteinrichtung 16 gemäß der Darstellung nach der Figur 3 in eine fluidführende Verbdingung zu einem Tankanschluss 40 gelangt, bei ge- trennter Verbindung der ersten Ausnehmung 30 von der fluidführenden Verbindung 18 zum Hauptkolben 10. Alle genannten Fluidführungen, wie der Kanalabschnitt 36 als auch der Tankanschluss 40, können wie darge- stellt mehrfach vorhanden sein, wobei der einfacheren übersichtlicheren Darstellung wegen, regelmäßig nur eine Fluidführung mit einem Bezugszei- chen versehen ist. Ferner können neben der Druckfeder 23a, von der der einfacheren Darstellung wegen nur der Federraum zwischen dem Magnet- anker 17 und feststehenden Abschluss-Gehäuseteilen des Ventilgehäuses 14 gezeigt ist, weitere, gleichgerichtete Energiespeicher, wie Druckfedern, tre- ten. In die fluidführende Verbindung zwischen Hauptkolben 10 und dem Vor- steuerraum 20 ist ein sitzdichtes Umschaltventil 42 geschaltet, das den je- weils höheren Druck von den beiden Fluidanschlüssen 44, 46 im Ventilge- häuse 14, über die der zu regelnde Hauptvolumenstrom geführt ist, in den Vorsteuerraum 20 als Meldedruck weiterleitet, wenn das Ventil „bestromt“ geschlossen ist. Ist der Fluiddruck am stirnseitigen, axialen Fluidanschluss 44 größer als am quer dazu angebrachten radialen Fluidanschluss 46 ge- langt Fluid mit diesem höheren Druck über den Fluidanschluss 44 und ei- nen Längskanal 50, im vorderen Bereich des insoweit sitzdicht ausgebilde- ten Hauptkolbens 10, zum Umschaltventil 42 mit seiner Schließkugel 48. Die dahingehende Schließkugel 48 wird in Blickrichtung auf die Figuren gesehen insoweit nach rechts bewegt und verschließt dabei einen im Hauptkolben 10 eingebrachten Radialkanal 52 mit Schrägverlauf sitzdicht, der in den Fluidanschluss 46 im Ventilgehäuse 14 ausmündet. An die Ventilkammer 54 des Umschaltventiles 42 schließt sich wiederum im Hauptkolben 10 eingebracht ein weiterer Längskanal 56 an, der mit sei- nem freien stirnseitigen Ende in eine Fluidkammer 58 im Hauptkolben 10 ausmündet. Über mindestens zwei in einem rechten Winkel zur Längsachse des Ventils gesehen angeordnete Verbindungskanäle 60 im Hauptkolben 10 wird die Fluidkammer 58 mit einer weiteren Fluidkammer 62 verbunden, die als Ringkammer ausgebildet zwischen dem Ventilgehäuse 14 und dem Hauptkolben 10 angeordnet ist. Daran anschließend geht die weitere Fluid- kammer 62 fluidführend in eine im Ventilgehäuse 14 im Durchmesser ver- breitert angeordnete Ringkammer 64 über, und von dort aus führt eine als Hochdruckkanal ausgebildete Längskanalstrecke 66, die am einen freien Ende mittels eines Stopfens 69 verschlossen ist, in einen sichelförmigen Ringraum 67, der bogenförmig und fluidführend in einem Teil des unteren Segments des Ventilgehäuses 14 eingebracht ist. Wie insbesondere die Figur 4 zeigt, geht dabei die sichelförmige Ringkam- mer 67 permanent fluidführend in ein radial angeordnetes Querkanalteil 68 im Ventilgehäuse 14 über, das an seinem inneren freien Ende zum Vorsteu- erkolben 12 hin im Querschnitt nutförmig verbreitert ist und das, gemäß der Darstellung nach der Figur 2, in teilweise Fluidüberdeckung mit der ringför- migen ersten Ausnehmung 30 am Außenumfang des Vorsteuerkolbens 12 kommt, wobei die dahingehend fluidführende Verbindung zustande kommt, sobald der Vorsteuerkolben 12 ausgehend von seiner unbestromten Ausgangsstellung nach der Figur 3, von links nach rechts bei bestromter Magneteinrichtung 16 verfahren, in seine rechte Betätigungsstelle nach den Figuren 1 und 2 gelangt. Dahingehend ist dann das Ventil in seiner ge- schlossenen, den Fluidweg zwischen den Anschlussstellen 44, 46 sperren- den Stellung. Es versteht sich, dass wie bereits dargelegt, die jeweiligen Kanäle und sons- tigen Verbindungen, wie dargestellt, je nach Bedarf mehrfach am Ventil un- tergebracht sein können, um eine sichere Fluidführung zu gewährleisten. Je- denfalls bilden die Komponenten 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68 und 30 die mögliche Fluidverbindung 18 zwischen den Fluidanschlüssen 44, 46 am Hauptkolben 10 und dem Vorsteuerraum 20 zwischen Haupt- steuerkolben 10 und Vorsteuerkolben 12 aus, sofern die Magneteinrichtung 16 bestromt ist und ihre rechte Betätigungsstellung nach den Figuren 1, 2 und 4 einnimmt. Ansonsten ist in der unbetätigten, stromlos offenen Stel- lung der Magneteinrichtung 16 die dahingehend fluidführende Verbindung 18 zwischen erster Ausnehmung 30 und Querkanalteil 68 unterbunden, in- dem der Vorsteuerkolben 12 seine in der Figur 3 linke Ausgangsstellung einnimmt. Insoweit wird also der jeweils höhere Druck am Fluidanschluss 44 oder 46 in der geschlossenen Ventilstellung des Hauptkolbens 10 in den Vorsteuerraum 20 weitergeleitet respektive weitergemeldet und zwar über den inneren fluidführenden Kanal 32 des Vorsteuerkolbens 12, sofern die- ser seine in den Figuren 1, 2, 4 gezeigte, rechte bestromte Betätigungsstel- lung einnimmt. Ansonsten ist in der unbetätigten, stromlosen Stellung der Magneteinrichtung 16 die dahingehend fluidführende Verbindung 18 zwi- schen erster Ausnehmung 30 und Querkanalteil 68 unterbunden, indem der Vorsteuerkolben 12 seine in der Figur 3 gezeigte linke Ausgangsstellung einnimmt. Dahingehend wird der Druck im Vorsteuerraum 20 über den Tankanschluss 40 und die weitere fluidführende Verbindung 19 auf die weitgehend drucklose Tankseite T geschaltet, so dass der Hauptkolben 10 eine seiner Öffnungsstellungen nach der Figur 3 einnehmen kann, bei der eine Haupt-Fluidverbindung zwischen den Fluidanschlüssen 44 und 46 in beiden möglichen Fluidrichtungen hergestellt ist, was im Folgenden noch näher erläutert werden wird. Ist der Druck am Radialanschluss 46 als dem weiteren Fluidanschluss im Ventilgehäuse 14 größer als am Fluidanschluss 44, wird in Blickrichtung auf die Figuren gesehen, das Umschaltventil 42 geschaltet, indem die Schließ- kugel 48 nunmehr ihre linke, den Kanal 50 verschließende Schließstellung einnimmt. Dergestalt gelangt Fluid mit vorgebbarem Druck über den Fluid- anschluss 46 und dem Radialkanal 52 sowie die Ventilkammer 54 in den weiteren Längskanal 56, so dass insoweit nunmehr die verbleibende Fluid- verbindung 18 zum Vorsteuerraum 20 über den dahingehenden Weg frei- gegeben ist, wenn der Vorsteuerkolben 12 seine in Figur 2 dargestellte, bestromte rechte Betätigungsstellung einnimmt. Üblicherweise soll am Fluidanschluss 44 ein Fluiddruck von einer Druckversorgungseinrichtung, wie einer Hydropumpe stammend, anstehen und am Fluidanschluss 46 soll ein hydraulischer Verbraucher, wie beispielsweise ein Hydraulikzylinder, angeschlossen sein. Andere Belegungen der Fluidanschlüsse 44, 46 im Rah- men der Verwendung solcher Proportionalventile sind denkbar. Insbeson- dere eignet sich das Ventil aufgrund seiner Sitzdichtheit als sogenanntes Lastventil mit dem kontrolliert auch Lasten abgesenkt werden können, ins- besondere wenn die Betätigungsmagneteinrichtung 16 mit einer nicht näher dargestellten elektronischen Steuerung oder Regelung dergestalt zusammen- wirkt. Wie sich aus den Figuren weiter ergibt, ist der Hauptkolben 10 aus zwei Komponenten 70, 72 zusammengesetzt, wobei die dahingehenden Kompo- nenten 70, 72 mit ihren einander zugewandten freien Stirnseiten die Fluid- kammer 58 in axialer Verschieberichtung der Ventilkolben 10, 12 gesehen begrenzen. An der freien Stirnseite der zweiten Komponente 72, die der Magneteinrichtung 16 zugewandt ist, greift als weiterer Energiespeicher eine zweite Druckfeder 74 an, die sich mit ihrem anderen freien Ende an stationären Teilen des Ventilgehäuses 14 abstützt und als Druckfeder konzi- piert eine Vorspannung auf den Hauptkolben 10, in dessen Schließrichtung ausübt. Innenumfangsseitig zu der zweiten Druckfeder 74 und koaxial zu derselben angeordnet verläuft die Druckfeder 22, die sich mit ihrem einen freien Ende an einer absatzförmigen Schulter im Inneren der ersten Kompo- nente 70 abstützt und mit ihrem anderen freien Ende an einem ringförmi- gen Vorsprung am Vorsteuerkolben 12. Dergestalt erfahren sowohl der Hauptkolben 10 als auch der Vorsteuerkolben 12 eine Vorspannung über die beiden Druckfedern 74 bzw.22 mit ihrer jeweiligen Federkraft. Im Folgenden wird nunmehr beschrieben wie die Bewegung des Hauptkol- bens 10 geregelt wird. Die Bewegung des Hauptkolbens 10 in Blickrichtung auf die Figur 2 gesehen in einen Zustand wie in Figur 3 vorgegeben, also nach links, erfolgt dabei wie folgt. Der an dem jeweiligen Fluidanschluss 44 oder 46 anstehende Druck vor dem Hauptkolben 10, welcher über das Um- schaltventil 42 und die Fluidverbindung 18 zu dem Vorsteuerkolben 12 ge- meldet wird, hält bei bestromter Magneteinrichtung 16 durch den Druck im Vorsteuerraum 20, gemäß der Darstellung nach der Figur 2, zunächst den Hauptkolben 10 über die Flächendifferenz, die durch die gegenüberliegen- den Stirnseiten des Hauptkolbens 10 gebildet wird, zu. Dabei ist, insbeson- dere gemäß der Darstellung nach den Figuren 2 und 4, der Vorsteuerkolben 12 über einen ringförmigen Ventilsitz 23 in sitzdichter Anlage mit dem Ventilgehäuse 14, so dass es insoweit im geschlossenen Zustand des Ventils nicht ungewollt zu einem Leckagestrom ausgehend vom Vorsteuerraum 20 in Richtung des Tankanschlusses 40 kommen kann. Entfällt nun eine Krafterzeugung durch die Magneteinrichtung 16 (stromlos offen) wird unter Einbezug zumindest der Druckfeder 23a, die zwischen dem Magnetgehäuse 14 und dem Betätigungsmagneten 17 der Magnetein- richtung 16 wirkt, der Vorsteuerkolben 12 in Blickrichtung auf die Figuren gesehen in seine linke Ausgangsstellung nach der Figur 3 verfahren. In der dahingehend linken Ausgangsstellung ist die Ausnehmung 30 am Außen- umfang des Vorsteuerkolbens 12 von zugehörigen Gehäuseteilen des Ven- tilgehäuses 14 verschlossen und von der hochdruckführen Kammer 67 ge- trennt. Ebenso ist der jeweilige Querkanal 68, der fluidführend mit der Flu- idkammer 58 verbindbar ist und mithin mit der jeweiligen Druckeinlei- tungsseite am Hauptkolben 10 durch den benachbarten Außenumfang des Vorsteuerkolbens 12, vorzugsweise fluiddicht, verschlossen. Des Weiteren wird der Hauptkolben 10 über die äußere zweite Druckfeder 74 in Rich- tung seiner Schließstellung gehalten. Der dahingehend von der Druckversorgung vonseiten des Hauptkolbens 10 abgeschnittene Vorsteuerraum 20 kann aber nun über den fluidführenden Kanal 32 im Innern des Vorsteuerkolbens 12 in Richtung des Tankanschlus- ses 40 drucklos gehalten werden, indem dahingehend der Fluiddruck im Vorsteuerraum 20 zwangsläufig abfällt. Dergestalt wird eine Fluidverbin- dung vom Vorsteuerraum 20 über den fluidführenden Kanal 32 zu dem je- weils quer verlaufenden Kanalabschnitt 36 des dahingehenden Kanals 32 hergestellt. Da sich der Vorsteuerkolben 20 in seiner stromlos offenen Aus- gangsstellung nach der Figur 3 befindet, wird die zweite Ausnehmung 38 im Ventilgehäuse 14 nach links, mittels der am Vorsteuerkolben 12 wirken- den Druckfeder 23a, aufgesteuert und Fluid kann von dort über den freige- gebenen Ventilsitz 23 und über die Ringnut 31 in eine Ringausnehmung 33 im Ventilgehäuse 14 in einen Entlastungsraum oder einen nutartigen Ring- kanal 78 zur Tankseite hin überströmen, der durch eine axial verbreiterte Ringausnehmung im Ventilgehäuse 14 gebildet ist. Dergestalt nimmt der Vorsteuerkolben 12 den in ihm angebrachten Ringkanal 78 mit, so dass das vordere Ende in die fluidführende Ringausnehmung 33 eingreift, wohinge- gen das hintere Ende des Ringkanals 78 zumindest mit reduzierter Überde- ckung noch in die Fluidführung mit dem jeweiligen Tankanschluss 40 ist. Von diesem Entlastungsraum oder Ringkanal 78 aus, bei freigegebenem Ventilsitz 23, strömt also das vonseiten des Vorsteuerraums 20 unter Druck stehende Fluid dann in den Ringkanal 78 aus, der vertieft im Vorsteuerkol- ben 12 mit vorgebbarer Länge derart eingebracht ist, dass in jeder mögli- chen Verschiebestellung des Vorsteuerkolbens 12, der Ringkanal 78 zumin- dest teilweise noch in fluidführender Deckung mit dem Tankanschluss 40 ist. Das im Ringkanal 78 befindliche Fluid wird dann über den jeweiligen Tankanschluss 40 auf die Tankseite T der Ventilvorrichtung gebracht, so dass insoweit der Vorsteuerraum 20 vollständig druckentlastet wird. In Ab- hängigkeit des jeweils am Hauptkolben 10 anstehenden Fluiddruckes wird dann dieser entgegen der Federwirkung der Druckfedern 22 und 74 aufge- steuert und es stellt sich dergestalt ein neues Gleichgewicht am geöffneten Ventil ein. Insbesondere mündet der jeweilige Tankanschluss 40 in einen vergrößerten Ringraum 73 ein, der über einen niederdruckseitigen Verbin- dungskanal 77 in Längsrichtung durch das Ventilgehäuse 14 geführt, eine Fluidverbindung zur Tankseite T herstellt. Wird der Betätigungsmagnet 17 der Magneteinrichtung 16 hingegen wiede- rum bestromt, verfährt der zugehörige Betätigungsmagnet 17 oder Ma- gentanker in Blickrichtung auf die Figur 1 gesehen entgegen der Wirkung der Magnetfeder 23a in seine rechte Verschiebe- respektive Anschlagstel- lung. Hierfür weist die Magneteinrichtung 16 eine bestrombare Spule 81 auf, die entsprechend bestromt den Betätigungsmagneten 17 respektive den Magnetanker von seiner in der Figur 1 gezeigten Ausgangsstellung nach rechts in seine Betätigungsstellung verfährt. Entfällt die Bestromung für die Spule 81 über einen üblichen Steckeranschluss 82 an der Magneteinrich- tung 16, erlaubt zumindest die Druckfeder 23a eine hemmnisfreie Rückstel- lung in die gezeigte Ausgangsstellung, die der Stellung des Vorsteuerkol- bens 12 nach der Figur 3 entspricht, also „stromlos offen“. In dieser Ausgangsstellung der Magneteinrichtung 16 befindet sich also auch, gemäß der Darstellung nach der Figur 3, der Vorsteuerkolben 12 in seiner linken Ausgangsstellung, und wie bereits ausgeführt, wird dahinge- hend dann der Vorsteuerraum 20 nicht länger mehr mit Fluid vorgebbaren Druckes vonseiten des Hauptkolbens 10 versorgt. Der im Vorsteuerraum 20 herrschende Fluiddruck wirkt auch grundsätzlich auf die Rückseite des Hauptkolbens 10, so dass aufgrund der Flächenübersetzung der Hauptkol- ben 10 sicher zugehalten ist, sofern der Vorsteuerkolben 12 die Position nach der Figur 2 einnimmt. Demgemäß entspricht die Betätigungsstellung oder die bestromte Stellung der sicher geschlossenen Stellung für den Hauptkolben 10. Ferner gelangt über den fluidführenden Kanal 32 des Vor- steuerkolbens 12 Fluid auf dessen Rückseite, um dergestalt einen Druckaus- gleich für die bewegbaren Komponenten herzustellen; allein gemäß der Darstellung nach den Figuren 2 und 4 ist nunmehr über den Ventilsitz 23 eine sitzdichte Absperrung des Fluidwegs vom Vorsteuerraum 20 in Rich- tung des Tankanschlusses 40 erreicht, wobei die dahingehende Absperrung des Fluidweges leckagedicht ist. Das aus dem Ventilsitz 23 gebildete erste Ventilmittel 21 besteht aus mitei- nander in Anlage bringbaren Dichtflächen 24, 25 von Außenumfangsteilen 35 des Vorsteuerkolbens 12 und Innenumfangsteilen 27 benachbarter Wandteile des Ventilgehäuses 14, was sich insbesondere aus der Darstel- lung nach der Figur 4 ergibt. Die Dichtfläche 24 des Vorsteuerkolbens 12 ist an einer Übergangsstelle 29 zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen Durchmessern D1, D2 des Vorsteuerkol- bens 12 gelegen, von denen der größere Durchmesser D1 die ringförmige Ausnehmung 38 im Vorsteuerkolben 12 begrenzt, und der demgegenüber kleinere Durchmesser D2 aus der Ringnut 31 gebildet ist, die im geschlos- senen Zustand des Ventilsitzes 23 zumindest teilweise die Ringausnehmung 33 im Ventilgehäuse 14 von innen her übergreift. Für die Schließstellung des Ventilsitzes 23 verfährt der Vorsteuerkolben 12 von seiner Ausgangs- stellung nach der Figur 3 nach rechts in die zugehörige Anschlagstellung mit dem Ventilgehäuse 14 gemäß der Darstellung nach den Figuren 2 und 4. Dergestalt kommt die Dichtfläche 24 des Vorsteuerkolbens 12 in Anlage mit der zugehörigen, schräg geneigten Dichtfläche 25 des Ventilgehäuses 14. Zur Freigabe des Ventilsitzes 23 sprich zum Herstellen der Fluidverbin- dung zwischen den Räumen 38, 31, 33 und 78 verfährt der Vorsteuerkol- ben 12 in die entgegengesetzte Richtung, bis er beispielhaft eine Position nach der Figur 3 „stromlos offen“ einnimmt. Wie sich weiter aus der Figur 4 ergibt, ist zwischen der Ringnut 31 und dem Ringkanal 78 ein im Durchmesser verbreiterter Führungsabschnitt 41 des Vorsteuerkolbens 12 vorhanden, wobei der Führungsabschnitt 41 ent- lang der zuordenbaren Innenumfangsteile 27 des Ventilgehäuses 14 in je- der seiner Verfahrstellungen geführt ist. Dergestalt ist über den geschlosse- nen Ventilsitz 23 jedenfalls eine sitzdichte und mithin fluiddichte Abdich- tung zwischen dem Vorsteuerraum 20 und dem rückwärtigen Bereich 83 des Ventils mit der Magneteinrichtung 16 geschaffen. Wie sich weiter aus den Figuren ergibt, ist in einem vorgebbaren Abstand vom Ventilsitz 23 in Richtung der Magneteinrichtung 16 aufseiten des Ven- tilgehäuses 14 eine in dem Ventilgehäuse 14 stationär angeordnete Bewe- gungsdichtung 43 vorhanden, die vorzugsweise mit einer vorgebbaren Vor- spannung den Außenumfang 39 des Vorsteuerkolbens 12 umfasst. Da über den Fluidkanal 32 im Vorsteuerkolben 12 unter Druck stehendes Fluid am Hauptkolben 10 auf die andere Seite mit der Magneteinrichtung 16 gelan- gen kann, sprich in den rückwärtigen Bereich 83, ist der Vorsteuerkolben 12 mittels der Bewegungsdichtung 43, insbesondere gegenüber dem Tank- anschluss 40 und mithin zur Tankseite T hin, abgedichtet. In diesem rück- wärtigen Bereich 83 greift insbesondere eine Betätigungsstange 84 der Mag- neteinrichtung 16 an der einen freien Stirnseite des verfahrbaren Vorsteuer- kolbens 12 zu dessen Ansteuerung an. Die Bewegungsdichtung 43 besteht bevorzugt aus einer Gleitringdichtung 85, beispielsweise in Form eines segmentierten Teflon-Rings, der mittels ei- nes elastomeren O-Dichtringes 87 auf Vorspannung gehalten, diesen Gleit- ring 85 mit vorgebbarer Vorspannung gegen den Außenumfang 39 des Vor- steuerkolbens 12 verspannt. Bevorzugt ist die dahingehende Bewegungs- dichtung 43 in der Art einer Schieberdichtung in eine zugeordnete, nutfö- mige Ausnehmung im Ventilgehäuse 14 aufgenommen, das wie dies die Fi- guren zeigen, auch mehrteilig zusammengesetzt sein kann, was in der Ven- tiltechnik üblich ist. Der genannte Abstand zwischen der Ringausnehmung 33 und der Bewegungsdichtung 43 ist jedenfalls kleiner als der vierfache Durchmesser des Vorsteuerkolbens 12 in diesem Bereich und größer als der zweifache Durchmesser. Insbesondere soll das Abstandsmaß 2,7 des dahin- gehenden Durchmessers betragen. Durch den Abstand ist eine Art Überde- ckung geschaffen zwischen dem Übergang zur Ringausnehmung 33 und dem Beginn der Bewegungsdichtung 43. Die Überdeckung ist notwendig, wenn die Dichtung nicht eingebaut wird, um die Leckage in einem gerin- gen Niveau zu halten. Insbesondere sind für einen hemmnisfreien Betrieb und für eine weitere Verbesserung der Abdichtung einzelne ringförmige Entlastungsnuten 45 in den Außenumfang des Vorsteuerkolbens 12 in die- sem Bereich eingebracht. Da wie bereits ausgeführt als weiteres sitzdichtes Ventilmittel 47 ein weiterer Ventilsitz 49 zwischen Hauptkolben 10 und Ventilgehäuse 14 geschaffen ist sowie als drittes sitzdichtes Ventilmittel 51 ein dritter Ventilsitz 53 vorgesehen ist, gebildet durch die Schließkugel 48 nebst benachbarten Wandteilen des Hauptkolbens 10, ist aufgrund der ein- gesetzten drei, an verschiedenen Stellen angeordneten, sitzdichten Ventil- mittel 21, 47 und 51 ein besonders vorteilhaftes Lastventil geschaffen. Des Weiteren weist der Hauptkolben 10 an seiner freien, linken Seite eine ballig ausgebildete Stirnseite 98 auf, gebildet aus einem vorgebbaren Ra- dius, der dazu dient, einen linearen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Hub des Hauptkolbens 10 zu seiner von ihm erzeugten Öffnungsfläche an den Fluidanschlüssen 44 oder 46 herzustellen. Ansonsten ist der Hauptkolben 10 über gestuft ausgebildete Ringflächen längsverfahrbar an der Innenum- fangsseite des Ventilgehäuses 14 verfahrbar geführt, wobei eine dahinge- hende Schrägfläche den weiteren Ventilsitz 49 ausbildet und insoweit das zweite sitzdichte Ventilmittel 47 ergibt. Insgesamt ist dergestalt eine sitz- dichte Absperrung zwischen den Fluid-Anschlussstellen 44, 46 erreicht, so- fern der Hauptkolben 10 seine in den Figuren 1, 2 und 4 gezeigte Schließ- stellung einnimmt. Einzelne, nicht näher beschriebene Dichtringsysteme re- gelmäßig in Form von üblichen O-Dichtringen, sorgen für eine fluiddichte Abgrenzung der einzelnen Fluidräume und Fluidstrecken untereinander, wie vorstehend angegeben. Wie sich insbesondere aus der Figur 1 ergibt, ist an der zweiten Kompo- nente 72 des Hauptkolbens 10 eine Messstange 92 fest angeordnet, die so- wohl den Vorsteuerkolben 12 als auch das Betätigungsmagnetsystem 16 durchgreift, um mit ihrem anderen freien Endbereich in eine als Ganzes mit 94 bezeichnete Wegmesseinrichtung auszumünden, die mit zwei Messspulen 96 versehen ist, so dass in beide Richtungen die Verfahrbewe- gung für den Hauptkolben 10 messtechnisch erfasst werden kann. Ein dahingehendes Wegmesssystem, ist beispielhaft für eine Druckwaage, in DE 102012014250 A1 beschrieben. The invention relates to a valve, in particular a proportional valve, with a main piston for controlling a main volumetric flow and with a pilot piston for controlling a pilot volumetric flow, the main and pilot pistons being guided in a valve housing such that they can be moved longitudinally and the pilot piston being controllable by means of a magnetic device. DE 10323595 A1 discloses a valve, in particular in the form of a proportional seat valve or spool valve, with a valve housing and at least three fluid connections extending through the valve housing and with a main piston guided in the valve housing and a pilot control piston that effects pilot control and can be controlled by means of a solenoid device that can be energized. wherein, when the pilot control is open, fluid flows from one of the two ports that can be actuated by the main piston via a cross-sectional constriction in the main piston and the pilot control to the third port that can be controlled by the pilot control piston, and the main piston due to the associated pressure drop in each case one, the two fluid connections from the amount of fluid controllable control position reaches. EP 2880315 B1 discloses a valve, in particular a pilot-operated proportional directional seated valve, with a valve housing that has a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the fluid flow between this inlet and outlet being controllable by a main piston On the rear side of the main piston, a pilot valve chamber is provided with a pilot valve closing member that can be moved by an actuating device and with which the fluid flow between the pilot valve chamber and the fluid outlet can be regulated, with an inlet orifice being arranged between the fluid inlet and the pilot valve chamber, with the opening cross section of the The inlet orifice can be reduced by a control element, the inlet orifice having a plurality of orifice bores, the opening cross-section of at least one of the orifice bores being able to be reduced by the control element, and the splitting of the inlet orifice into a plurality of orifice bores makes it possible to close the inlet orifice in a number of opening stages switch. To this end, pilot-controlled directional control valves with electro-hydraulic actuation control the start, stop and direction of a volume flow as well as the speed, acceleration and deceleration of a hydraulic consumer connected to the valve, for example in the form of a hydraulic working cylinder. Pilot operated directional control valves are generally used where large flow rates are to be controlled with low flow losses. However, small flow losses at high volume flows mean large opening cross-sections and thus large strokes of the main spool. Disturbances that affect the valve function are the flow and frictional forces that are dependent on the volume flow and pressure difference, i.e. the valve performance and counteract the switching movement. Especially with mechanical actuation by a spring, usually in the form of a return spring, the design value of the spring force can be compared to the frictional force for the return of the piston slide. be too small. In order to meet these demands on the magnet system with regard to stroke and force, either the magnet system would have to be dimensioned accordingly, or the valve would have to be pilot-controlled hydraulically. As shown above, valves for such applications are known in the state of the art, which therefore necessarily have a hydraulic pilot control. Proceeding from this state of the art, the object of the invention is to further improve the functional behavior of the known valves. A valve with the features of patent claim 1 solves this problem in its entirety. The fact that, according to the characterizing part of claim 1, the position of the main piston can be controlled by means of the pilot piston, which, depending on its displacement position, reports a fluid pressure present on the main piston via a fluid connection into a pilot control chamber or suppresses this fluid connection and connects the pilot control chamber to a tank or low-pressure side via a further fluid connection, in which a valve means is introduced, which closes with a seat-tight seal as soon as the one fluid connection between the main piston and the pilot control chamber is established, there is a pilot control stage within the valve with the pilot control piston in one of its possible operating or Travel positions sealed tightly. Due to the above-mentioned seat-tight seal for the pilot control chamber with pilot control piston, the valve according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously as a so-called load valve which, even under high stresses, maintains its specifiable, adjustable position without leakage, so that it is ensured that an unintentional on the valve fluidically attacking load is unintentionally lowered, which can otherwise pose a significant safety risk. In the closed position the valve is leak-free and in the open position it has a control volume flow. In a preferred embodiment of the valve according to the invention, it is provided that the valve means is formed from a valve seat which is formed from mutually abuttable sealing surfaces of outer peripheral parts of the pilot piston and inner peripheral parts of adjacent wall parts of the valve housing. In particular, the sealing surfaces that can be contacted can consist of inclined surfaces with different inclinations, so that there is a linear sealing contact or sealing edge between the pilot piston and the valve housing within the framework of the valve seat to be produced, which is associated with increased sealing pressures during operation, which lead to improved seat tightness. In a further preferred embodiment of the valve according to the invention, it is provided that the sealing surface of the pilot piston is located at a transition point between two different diameters of the pilot piston, of which the larger diameter delimits an annular recess in the pilot piston and the smaller diameter from a An annular groove is formed, which in the closed state of the valve seat at least partially overlaps an annular recess in the valve housing from the inside. In this way, the valve seat mentioned can be produced in a manner that is favorable in terms of production technology. In a further preferred embodiment of the valve according to the invention, it is provided that a channel section which merges into the fluid-carrying channel of the pilot control piston, which opens into the pilot control chamber on one side, engages in one recess on the pilot control piston. In this way, a connection of the pilot control chamber to the movable components of the valve is obtained in a particularly streamlined manner. In a further preferred embodiment of the valve according to the invention, it is provided that when the pilot control piston moves with simultaneous suppression of the fluid connection from the main piston into the pilot control chamber via the valve seat released in this way Fluid guidance is released via the one recess and the annular groove in a groove-like annular channel on the outer circumference of the pilot piston, into which the tank connection on the tank side permanently conducts fluid. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that between the annular groove and the annular channel, a guide section of the pilot control piston with a wider diameter is guided along the assignable inner peripheral parts of the valve housing in each displacement position of the pilot control piston. In this way, reliable guidance of the pilot control piston within the valve housing is achieved, as well as a very compact structure for the movable components within the valve housing. In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the valve according to the invention, it is provided that at a definable distance from the closed valve seat in the direction of the magnetic device on the valve housing side there is a movement seal which surrounds the outer circumference of the pilot control piston with a definable pretension. The movement seal achieves complete sealing of the pilot control piston in the valve housing and in both directions, i.e. both in the direction of the pilot control chamber and in the direction of the magnet device, which corresponds to the pilot control pressure, there is a leak-free seal by means of the valve seat or by means of the Motion seal achieved. If ring-shaped relief grooves are preferably introduced along the predeterminable distance on the outer circumference of the pilot piston, the result is a pressure-free and thus unimpeded operation of the pilot piston in the valve housing. It is particularly preferred that in the valve according to the invention a further valve seat is provided between the main piston and the valve housing as a further seat-tight means and that the third seat-tight valve by means of which a third valve seat is provided, formed by a closing ball and adjacent wall parts of the main piston. In this way, the main stage of the valve, formed in particular by the main piston, is designed to be seat-tight, which is particularly advantageous if the valve is designed as a load valve. The various seat-tight valve means in connection with the movement seal ensure that no leakage volume flow can occur. The valve according to the invention is designed to be pressure-closing, ie the basic construction of the valve closes automatically, which in turn makes it particularly suitable for use as a load valve. If there is an equilibrium between a spring force acting on the main spool and a magnetic force from the actuating magnet, the main spool of the valve remains in its specified position and thus controls the main volume flow between two fluid connection points in the valve housing. For the pertinent control behavior, it is favorable that the pilot valve as a whole has a negative overlap and that a control edge is formed by means of the first valve means between the pilot piston and the valve housing, which is particularly finely regulated during operation of the valve on the Control processes for the main piston acts. The valve according to the invention is explained in more detail below using an embodiment according to the figures. 1 shows essential components of the valve in the energized state; FIG. FIG. 2 shows the front part of the valve according to FIG. 1 in a closed valve position; FIG. 3 shows an illustration corresponding to FIG. 2 with the valve open; and FIG. 4 shows an enlarged representation of an image detail denoted by X in FIGS. The valve shown in the figures is a so-called proportional valve and has a main piston 10 for controlling a main volume flow. There is also a pilot piston 12 for controlling a pilot volumetric flow, the main piston 10 and the pilot piston 12 being guided together in a valve housing 14 so that they can be moved longitudinally. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, the pilot control piston 12 is driven to be movable in the valve housing 14 by means of a magnetic device 16 . The position of the main piston 10 can be adjusted by means of the pilot piston 12, in which a fluid pressure present on the main piston 10 is reported via a fluid connection 18 in a pilot chamber 20 with the pilot piston 12, which, when the solenoid device 16 is actuated and energized, moves the main piston 10 in its den 2, with the pilot control piston 12 moving from the energized actuation position shown in FIG. 2 to the left, viewed in the direction of the figures, into an initial position when the magnet device 16 is not actuated and de-energized 3, in which the fluid pressure, essentially decoupled from the pressure supply via the main piston 10, falls in the pilot control chamber 20 until the main piston 10 reaches an open position that regulates the main volume flow, as is shown in FIG. 3 as an example for a of the possible opening positions is shown. If the directions "right" and "left" are addressed, this means a direction seen in the direction of view of the figures. Accordingly, the position of the main piston 10 is adjusted with the aid of the pilot piston 12 . To this end, the balance of forces on the pilot control piston 12 must be taken into account, which is guided in a pressure-balanced manner, with the exception of any manufacturing tolerances, which is why there is no compressive force. This results in the following formula relationships: with , is there induced frictional force due to the movement of the pilot piston 12, average spring stiffness of the springs used, the force of the compression spring 22 acting on the end of the pilot piston 12, and the compression spring acting on an actuating magnet 17 of 23a, which acts in the direction of the starting position of the pilot control piston 12. An additional compression spring (not shown) can act on the actuating magnet 17 with its magnet armature in the opposite direction to its pulling actuating direction, which serves to overcome the so-called dead current, i.e. to make the current available until the actuating magnet 17 overcomes the spring forces has overcome it overall and is beginning to move. In this way, any obstacles in the operation of the valve can be prevented. The individual forces that occur, in particular spring forces, are shown below with their direction of action in FIG. 1 with force arrows. The spring force with the arrow 23b acting on the front side of the pilot control piston 12 is the magnetic force for the actuating magnet 17 marked with the arrow 28, and the spring force acting on the actuating magnet 17 marked with the arrow 29a. As can also be seen from the figures, the pilot piston 12 is designed as a hollow piston, which has a first recess 30 on its outer circumference in the manner of an annular shoulder, which when the magnet device 16 is actuated or energized, as shown in FIG 2, in an actuation position, creates a fluid-carrying connection 18 to the main piston 10 and, with the magnet device 16 de-energized, as shown in FIG fluid-carrying connection interrupts. The pilot piston 12 designed as a hollow piston has a fluid-carrying channel 32 along its inner circumference, which at its one free end leads into the pilot chamber 20 via a radially running channel section 36 of this axially running channel 32 into a second annular recess 38 opens out on the outer circumference of the hollow or pilot control piston 12, which when the magnetic device 16 is not actuated, as shown in FIG 18 to the main piston 10. All the fluid guides mentioned, such as the channel section 36 as well as the tank connection 40, can be present several times as shown, with only one fluid guide being provided with a reference symbol for the sake of a simpler, clearer illustration. Furthermore, in addition to the compression spring 23a, for the sake of simplicity, only the spring space between the magnet armature 17 and the fixed closing housing parts of the valve housing 14 is shown, additional energy accumulators, such as compression springs, occur in the same direction Valve housing 14, via which the main volume flow to be regulated is conducted, is forwarded to the pilot control chamber 20 as a signaling pressure when the valve is closed "energized". If the fluid pressure at the end-side, axial fluid connection 44 is greater than at the radial fluid connection 46 mounted transversely thereto, fluid at this higher pressure reaches the fluid connection 44 and a longitudinal channel 50 in the front area of the main piston 10, which is designed to be seat-tight in this respect, e.g Changeover valve 42 with its closing ball 48. The relevant closing ball 48 is moved to the right as viewed in the direction of the figures and thereby closes a radial channel 52 with an incline in the main piston 10 in a seat-tight manner, which opens into the fluid connection 46 in the valve housing 14. The valve chamber 54 of the changeover valve 42 is in turn connected to a further longitudinal channel 56 which is introduced into the main piston 10 and which opens out with its free front end into a fluid chamber 58 in the main piston 10 . The fluid chamber 58 is connected to a further fluid chamber 62, which is designed as an annular chamber and is arranged between the valve housing 14 and the main piston 10, via at least two connecting channels 60 in the main piston 10, which are arranged at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the valve. Subsequently, the further fluid chamber 62 transitions fluid-carrying into an annular chamber 64 arranged in the valve housing 14 with a wider diameter, and from there a longitudinal channel section 66 designed as a high-pressure channel, which is closed at one free end by means of a plug 69, leads into a crescent Annular space 67, which is arcuate and fluid-carrying in a part of the lower segment of the valve housing 14 introduced. As shown in particular in FIG. 4, the crescent-shaped annular chamber 67 permanently carries fluid and merges into a radially arranged transverse channel part 68 in the valve housing 14, which has a groove-shaped widening in cross-section at its inner free end towards the pilot control piston 12 and which, according to Representation according to FIG. 2, in partial fluid overlap with the annular first recess 30 on the outer circumference of the pilot control piston 12, the fluid-carrying connection to this effect being established as soon as the pilot control piston 12, starting from its de-energized initial position according to FIG. 3, from left to right when the magnet device 16 is energized, it reaches its right-hand operating point according to FIGS. To that end, the valve is then in its closed position, blocking the fluid path between the connection points 44, 46. It goes without saying that, as already explained, the respective channels and other connections, as shown, can be accommodated several times on the valve, as required, in order to ensure reliable fluid guidance. In any case, the components 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68 and 30 form the possible fluid connection 18 between the fluid connections 44, 46 on the main piston 10 and the pilot control chamber 20 between the main control pistons 10 and pilot piston 12, provided that the magnetic device 16 is energized and its right-hand operating position according to Figures 1, 2 and 4 occupies. Otherwise, in the non-actuated, normally open position of the magnet device 16, the fluid-carrying connection 18 between the first recess 30 and the transverse channel part 68 is prevented by the pilot control piston 12 assuming its initial position on the left in FIG. In that regard, the respective higher pressure at the fluid connection 44 or 46 in the closed valve position of the main piston 10 in the Pilot chamber 20 forwarded or passed on, namely via the inner fluid-carrying channel 32 of the pilot piston 12, provided that this is shown in Figures 1, 2, 4, right energized position occupies. Otherwise, in the non-actuated, de-energized position of the magnet device 16, the fluid-carrying connection 18 between the first recess 30 and the transverse channel part 68 is prevented by the pilot piston 12 assuming its left initial position shown in FIG. To this end, the pressure in the pilot control chamber 20 is switched via the tank connection 40 and the further fluid-carrying connection 19 to the largely pressure-free tank side T, so that the main piston 10 can assume one of its open positions according to Figure 3, in which a main fluid connection between the fluid connections 44 and 46 is made in both possible fluid directions, which will be explained in more detail below. If the pressure at the radial connection 46 as the further fluid connection in the valve housing 14 is greater than at the fluid connection 44, the changeover valve 42 is switched as viewed in the direction of the figures, in that the closing ball 48 now assumes its left-hand closed position, which closes the channel 50. In this way, fluid with a definable pressure reaches the further longitudinal channel 56 via the fluid connection 46 and the radial channel 52 as well as the valve chamber 54, so that the remaining fluid connection 18 to the pilot control chamber 20 via the pertinent path is released when the Pilot piston 12 is shown in Figure 2, occupies energized right operating position. A fluid pressure from a pressure supply device, such as a hydraulic pump, should usually be present at the fluid connection 44 and a hydraulic consumer, such as a hydraulic cylinder, should be connected to the fluid connection 46 . Other assignments of the fluid connections 44, 46 within the scope of using such proportional valves are conceivable. In particular, the valve is suitable as a so-called Load valve with which loads can also be lowered in a controlled manner, in particular if the actuating magnet device 16 interacts in this way with an electronic control or regulation system that is not shown in detail. As can also be seen from the figures, the main piston 10 is composed of two components 70, 72, with the pertinent components 70, 72 delimiting the fluid chamber 58 with their facing free end faces in the axial direction of displacement of the valve pistons 10, 12 . On the free end face of the second component 72, which faces the magnetic device 16, a second compression spring 74 acts as a further energy store, which is supported with its other free end on stationary parts of the valve housing 14 and, as a compression spring, applies a preload to the Main piston 10 exerts in its closing direction. The compression spring 22 runs on the inner circumference of the second compression spring 74 and is arranged coaxially thereto. One free end of the compression spring is supported on a step-shaped shoulder inside the first component 70 and the other free end is supported on an annular projection on the pilot piston 12. In this way, both the main piston 10 and the pilot piston 12 are prestressed by the two compression springs 74 and 22, respectively, with their respective spring force. The following now describes how the movement of the main piston 10 is regulated. The movement of the main piston 10 as viewed in the direction of FIG. 2 into a state as specified in FIG. 3, ie to the left, takes place as follows. The pressure present at the respective fluid port 44 or 46 in front of the main piston 10, which is reported to the pilot piston 12 via the switchover valve 42 and the fluid connection 18, holds when the solenoid device 16 is energized by the pressure in the pilot chamber 20, as shown according to Figure 2, first the Main piston 10 via the difference in area formed by the opposite end faces of the main piston 10. In this case, in particular according to the illustration according to Figures 2 and 4, the pilot piston 12 is in tight contact with the valve housing 14 via an annular valve seat 23, so that there is no unintentional leakage flow from the pilot chamber 20 when the valve is closed can come in the direction of the tank connection 40. If there is now no force generation by the magnet device 16 (normally open), the pilot control piston 12 moves into its left-hand starting position as viewed in the direction of the figures, involving at least the compression spring 23a, which acts between the magnet housing 14 and the actuating magnet 17 of the magnet device 16 proceed as shown in Figure 3. In the corresponding left initial position, the recess 30 on the outer circumference of the pilot piston 12 is closed by associated housing parts of the valve housing 14 and is separated from the chamber 67 carrying high pressure. Likewise, the respective transverse channel 68, which can be connected to the fluid chamber 58 to carry fluid and is therefore closed to the respective pressure introduction side on the main piston 10 by the adjacent outer circumference of the pilot piston 12, preferably in a fluid-tight manner. Furthermore, the main piston 10 is held in the direction of its closed position by the outer second compression spring 74 . The pilot control chamber 20 cut off from the pressure supply by the main piston 10 can now be kept pressureless via the fluid-carrying channel 32 inside the pilot piston 12 in the direction of the tank connection 40, in that the fluid pressure in the pilot control chamber 20 inevitably drops. In this way, a fluid connection is established from the pilot control chamber 20 via the fluid-carrying duct 32 to the respective transverse duct section 36 of the pertinent duct 32 . Since the pilot piston 20 is in its normally open starting position according to FIG. 3, the second recess 38 in the valve housing 14 to the left, by means of the compression spring 23a acting on the pilot piston 12, and fluid can flow from there via the released valve seat 23 and via the annular groove 31 into an annular recess 33 in the valve housing 14 in a relief space or a groove-like annular channel 78 to the tank side, which is formed by an axially widened annular recess in the valve housing 14. In this way, the pilot piston 12 entrains the annular channel 78 mounted in it, so that the front end engages in the fluid-carrying annular recess 33, whereas the rear end of the ring channel 78 is still in the fluid circuit with the respective tank connection 40, at least with a reduced overlap . From this relief chamber or annular channel 78, with the valve seat 23 released, the fluid which is under pressure from the pilot control chamber 20 then flows out into the annular channel 78, which is recessed in the pilot control piston 12 with a definable length and is introduced in such a way that in every possible Chen displacement position of the pilot piston 12, the annular channel 78 at least partially still in fluid-carrying coverage with the tank port 40 is. The fluid located in the ring channel 78 is then brought via the respective tank connection 40 to the tank side T of the valve device, so that the pressure in the pilot control chamber 20 is completely relieved. Depending on the fluid pressure present at the main piston 10, this is then opened against the spring action of the compression springs 22 and 74, and a new equilibrium is thus established at the opened valve. In particular, the respective tank connection 40 opens into an enlarged annular space 73 which, via a low-pressure-side connection channel 77 in the longitudinal direction through the valve housing 14, establishes a fluid connection to the tank side T. If, on the other hand, the actuating magnet 17 of the magnetic device 16 is again supplied with current, the associated actuating magnet 17 or magnet armature moves counter to the effect, as seen in the viewing direction of FIG of the magnetic spring 23a to its right-hand displacement or stop position. For this purpose, the magnetic device 16 has a coil 81 which can be energized and which, when correspondingly energized, moves the actuating magnet 17 or the magnet armature from its initial position shown in FIG. 1 to the right into its actuating position. If the coil 81 is not supplied with current via a conventional plug connection 82 on the magnet device 16, at least the compression spring 23a allows an unobstructed return to the initial position shown, which corresponds to the position of the pilot control piston 12 according to FIG. normally open". In this starting position of the magnet device 16, according to the illustration in FIG. 3, the pilot piston 12 is also in its left starting position, and as already explained, the pilot control chamber 20 is then no longer pressurized with fluid at a predefinable pressure from the main piston 10 supplied. The fluid pressure prevailing in the pilot chamber 20 also acts in principle on the back of the main piston 10, so that the main piston 10 is securely held closed due to the area ratio if the pilot piston 12 assumes the position according to FIG. Accordingly, the actuated position or the energized position corresponds to the securely closed position for the main piston 10. Furthermore, fluid reaches the rear side of the pilot piston 12 via the fluid-carrying channel 32 in order to produce pressure equalization for the movable components in this way; solely according to the illustration according to FIGS. 2 and 4, a seat-tight shut-off of the fluid path from the pilot control chamber 20 in the direction of the tank connection 40 is now achieved via the valve seat 23, with the pertinent shut-off of the fluid path being leak-tight. The first valve means 21 formed from the valve seat 23 consists of sealing surfaces 24, 25, which can be brought into contact with one another, of outer peripheral parts 35 of the pilot control piston 12 and inner peripheral parts 27 of adjacent ones Wall parts of the valve housing 14, which can be seen in particular from the representation according to FIG. The sealing surface 24 of the pilot piston 12 is located at a transition point 29 between two different diameters D1, D2 of the pilot piston 12, of which the larger diameter D1 delimits the annular recess 38 in the pilot piston 12, and the smaller diameter D2 from the annular groove 31 is formed, which in the closed state of the valve seat 23 at least partially overlaps the annular recess 33 in the valve housing 14 from the inside. For the closed position of the valve seat 23, the pilot piston 12 moves from its starting position according to FIG. 3 to the right into the associated stop position with the valve housing 14 according to the representation according to FIGS. 2 and 4. In this way, the sealing surface 24 of the pilot piston 12 comes into contact with it the associated, inclined sealing surface 25 of the valve housing 14. To release the valve seat 23, i.e. to establish the fluid connection between the spaces 38, 31, 33 and 78, the pilot piston 12 moves in the opposite direction until it moves, for example, one position of Figure 3 "de-energized open" occupies. As can also be seen from FIG. 4, between the annular groove 31 and the annular channel 78 there is a guide section 41 of the pilot piston 12 with a wider diameter, with the guide section 41 being guided along the assignable inner peripheral parts 27 of the valve housing 14 in each of its travel positions is. In this way, a seat-tight and therefore fluid-tight seal between the pilot control chamber 20 and the rear area 83 of the valve with the magnet device 16 is created via the closed valve seat 23 . As can also be seen from the figures, at a predeterminable distance from the valve seat 23 in the direction of the magnetic device 16 on the side of the valve housing 14 there is a movement seal 43 which is stationarily arranged in the valve housing 14 and which preferably covers the outer circumference with a predeterminable pretension 39 of the pilot piston 12 includes. Since pressurized fluid on the main piston 10 can reach the other side with the magnetic device 16 via the fluid channel 32 in the pilot piston 12, i.e. in the rear area 83, the pilot piston 12 is positioned by means of the movement seal 43, in particular opposite the tank connection 40 and consequently towards the tank side T, sealed. In this rear region 83, in particular, an actuating rod 84 of the magnet device 16 acts on the one free end face of the movable pilot control piston 12 in order to actuate it. The movement seal 43 preferably consists of a slide ring seal 85, for example in the form of a segmented Teflon ring, which is kept under pretension by means of an elastomer O-ring 87, this slide ring 85 with predeterminable pretension against the outer circumference 39 of the pilot control piston 12 tense. The pertinent movement seal 43 is preferably accommodated in the manner of a slide seal in an associated, groove-shaped recess in the valve housing 14, which, as shown in the figures, can also be composed of several parts, which is common in valve technology. The said distance between the annular recess 33 and the movement seal 43 is in any case smaller than four times the diameter of the pilot piston 12 in this area and larger than twice the diameter. In particular, the distance should be 2.7 of the relevant diameter. The distance creates a kind of overlap between the transition to the ring recess 33 and the start of the moving seal 43. The overlap is necessary if the seal is not installed in order to keep the leakage at a low level. In particular, they are for unhindered operation and for a further improvement of the sealing, individual ring-shaped relief grooves 45 are introduced into the outer circumference of the pilot piston 12 in this area. Since, as already explained, a further valve seat 49 is provided between the main piston 10 and valve housing 14 as a further seat-tight valve means 47 and a third valve seat 53 is provided as a third seat-tight valve means 51, formed by the closing ball 48 together with adjacent wall parts of the main piston 10, due to the one - Set three, arranged at different points, seat-tight valve means 21, 47 and 51 created a particularly advantageous load valve. Furthermore, the main piston 10 has on its free, left side a convex end face 98, formed from a definable radius, which serves to create a linear relationship between the stroke of the main piston 10 and the opening area it generates at the fluid connections 44 or 46 to produce. Otherwise, the main piston 10 is guided in a longitudinally movable manner on the inner peripheral side of the valve housing 14 via stepped annular surfaces, with a pertinent inclined surface forming the further valve seat 49 and thus resulting in the second seat-tight valve means 47 . Overall, a seat-tight shut-off between the fluid connection points 44, 46 is achieved in this way if the main piston 10 assumes its closed position shown in FIGS. Individual sealing ring systems, not described in detail, usually in the form of conventional O-rings, ensure a fluid-tight delimitation of the individual fluid spaces and fluid paths from one another, as stated above. As can be seen in particular from FIG discharge designated 94 displacement measuring device with two Measuring coils 96 are provided, so that the movement for the main piston 10 can be measured in both directions. Such a displacement measuring system is described in DE 102012014250 A1 as an example for a pressure compensator.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e 1. Ventil, insbesondere Proportionalventil, mit einem Hauptkolben (10) zum Ansteuern eines Hauptvolumenstroms und mit einem Vorsteu- erkolben (12) zum Ansteuern eines Vorsteuervolumenstroms, wobei Haupt (10)- und Vorsteuerkolben (12) in einem Ventilgehäuse (14) längsverfahrbar geführt sind und wobei der Vorsteuerkolben (12) mittels einer Magneteinrichtung (16) ansteuerbar ist, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, dass die Position des Hauptkolbens (10) mittels des Vorsteuerkolbens (12) ansteuerbar ist, der je nach seiner Verfahrstel- lung einen am Hauptkolben (10) anstehenden Fluiddruck über eine Fluidverbindung (18) in einen Vorsteuerraum (20) meldet oder diese Fluidverbindung (18) unterbindet und den Vorsteuerraum (20) mit ei- ner Tank- oder Niederdruckseite (T) über eine weitere Fluidverbin- dung (19) verbindet, in die ein Ventilmittel (21) eingebracht ist, das sitzdicht schließt, sobald die eine Fluidverbindung (18) zwischen Hauptkolben (10) und Vorsteuerraum (20) hergestellt ist. 2. Ventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ventil- mittel (21) aus einem Ventilsitz (23) gebildet ist, der aus miteinander in Anlage bringbaren Dichtflächen (24, 25) von Außenumfangsteilen (35) des Vorsteuerkolbens (12) und Innenumfangsteilen (27) benach- barter Wandteile des Ventilgehäuses (14) gebildet ist. 3. Ventil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dichtfläche (24) des Vorsteuerkolbens (12) an einer Übergangsstelle (29) zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen Durchmessern (D1, D2) des Vorsteuerkolbens (12) gelegen ist, von denen der größere Durchmes- ser (D1) eine ringförmige Ausnehmung (38) im Vorsteuerkolben (12) begrenzt und der demgegenüber kleinere Durchmesser (D2) aus ei- ner Ringnut (31) gebildet ist, die im geschlossenen Zustand des Ven- tilsitzes (23) zumindest teilweise eine Ringausnehmung (33) im Ven- tilgehäuse (14) von innen her übergreift. 4. Ventil nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass in die eine Ausnehmung (38) am Vorsteuerkolben (12) ein Kanalabschnitt (36) eingreift, der in den fluidführenden Ka- nal (32) des Vorsteuerkolbens (12) übergeht, der an einer Seite in den Vorsteuerraum (20) ausmündet. 5. Ventil nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass bei einer Verfahrbewegung des Vorsteuerkolbens (12) bei gleichzeitiger Unterbindung der Fluidverbindung (18) vom Hauptkolben (10) in den Vorsteuerraum (20) über den derart freige- gebenen Ventilsitz (23) eine Fluidführung über die eine Ausneh- mung (38) und die Ringnut (31) in einen nutartigen Ringkanal (78) am Außenumfang (39) des Vorsteuerkolbens (12) freigegeben ist, in den (78) permanent fluidführender Tankanschluss (40) der Tankseite (T) ausmündet. 6. Ventil nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass zwischen der Ringnut (31) und dem Ringkanal (78) ein im Durchmesser verbreiterter Führungsabschnitt (41) des Vor- steuerkolbens (12) entlang der zuordenbaren Innenumfangteile (27) des Ventilgehäuses (14) in jeder Verfahrstellung des Vorsteuerkol- bens (12) geführt ist. 7. Ventil nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass in einem vorgebbaren Abstand zum geschlossenen Ventilsitz (23) in Richtung der Magneteinrichtung (16) auf Seiten des Ventilgehäuses (14) eine Bewegungsdichtung (43) vorhanden ist, die mit einer vorgebbaren Vorspannung den Außenumfang (39) des Vor- steuerkolbens (12) umfasst. 8. Ventil nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass entlang des vorgebbaren Abstandes am Außenumfang (39) des Vorsteuerkolbens (12) ringförmige Entlastungsnuten (45) ein- gebracht sind. 9. Ventil nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass als weiteres sitzdichtes Ventilmittel (47) ein weiterer Ventilsitz (49) zwischen Hauptkolben (10) und Ventilgehäuse (14) vorgesehen ist. 10.Ventil nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass als drittes sitzdichtes Ventilmittel (51) ein dritter Ven- tilsitz (53) vorgesehen ist, gebildet durch eine Schließkugel (48) und benachbarten Wandteilen des Hauptkolbens (10). Patent claims 1. Valve, in particular proportional valve, with a main spool (10) for controlling a main volume flow and with a pilot piston (12) for controlling a pilot volume flow, the main (10) and pilot piston (12) being in a valve housing ( 14). reports a fluid pressure present on the main piston (10) via a fluid connection (18) in a pilot control chamber (20) or this fluid connection (18) is prevented and the pilot control chamber (20) is connected to a tank or low-pressure side (T) via a further fluid connection Connection (19) connects, in which a valve means (21) is introduced, which closes seat-tight as soon as a fluid connection (18) between the main piston (10) and pilot chamber (20) is established. 2. Valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve means (21) is formed from a valve seat (23) which can be brought into contact with sealing surfaces (24, 25) of outer peripheral parts (35) of the pilot piston (12) and inner peripheral parts (27) of adjacent wall parts of the valve housing (14). 3. Valve according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sealing surface (24) of the pilot piston (12) is located at a transition point (29) between two different diameters (D1, D2) of the pilot piston (12), of which the larger diameter (D1) an annular recess (38) in the pilot piston (12) and the comparatively smaller diameter (D2) is formed from an annular groove (31) which, when the valve seat (23) is closed, at least partially overlaps an annular recess (33) in the valve housing (14) from the inside. 4. Valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a channel section (36) which merges into the fluid-carrying channel (32) of the pilot piston (12) engages in one recess (38) on the pilot piston (12). , which opens into the pre-control room (20) on one side. 5. Valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during a movement of the pilot piston (12) with simultaneous suppression of the fluid connection (18) from the main piston (10) into the pilot chamber (20) via the valve seat released in this way ( 23) a fluid guide via which a recess (38) and the annular groove (31) is released into a groove-like annular channel (78) on the outer circumference (39) of the pilot piston (12), into the (78) permanently fluid-carrying tank connection (40) the tank side (T) opens out. 6. Valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the annular groove (31) and the annular channel (78) there is a guide section (41) of the pilot control piston (12) of enlarged diameter along the assignable inner peripheral parts (27) of the valve housing (14) is guided in every travel position of the pilot control piston (12). 7. Valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at a predetermined distance from the closed valve seat (23) in the direction of the magnetic device (16) on the side of the valve housing (14) there is a movement seal (43) which surrounds the outer circumference (39) of the pilot control piston (12) with a predeterminable prestress. 8. Valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that annular relief grooves (45) are introduced along the definable distance on the outer circumference (39) of the pilot piston (12). 9. Valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a further valve seat (49) between the main piston (10) and the valve housing (14) is provided as a further seat-tight valve means (47). 10.Valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a third valve seat (53) is provided as the third seat-tight valve means (51), formed by a closing ball (48) and adjacent wall parts of the main piston (10).
EP23709351.3A 2022-03-04 2023-03-01 Valve Pending EP4487038A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022000767.3A DE102022000767A1 (en) 2022-03-04 2022-03-04 Valve
PCT/EP2023/055214 WO2023166075A1 (en) 2022-03-04 2023-03-01 Valve

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4487038A1 true EP4487038A1 (en) 2025-01-08

Family

ID=84982492

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23700663.0A Pending EP4487036A1 (en) 2022-03-04 2023-01-10 Pilot-control electromagnetic valve
EP23709350.5A Pending EP4487037A1 (en) 2022-03-04 2023-03-01 Valve
EP23709351.3A Pending EP4487038A1 (en) 2022-03-04 2023-03-01 Valve

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23700663.0A Pending EP4487036A1 (en) 2022-03-04 2023-01-10 Pilot-control electromagnetic valve
EP23709350.5A Pending EP4487037A1 (en) 2022-03-04 2023-03-01 Valve

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (3) US20250137548A1 (en)
EP (3) EP4487036A1 (en)
JP (3) JP2025507022A (en)
KR (3) KR20240155268A (en)
CN (3) CN222746713U (en)
DE (1) DE102022000767A1 (en)
WO (3) WO2023165745A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102024000222A1 (en) * 2024-01-24 2025-07-24 Hydac Fluidtechnik Gmbh valve

Family Cites Families (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0083688B1 (en) * 1981-09-26 1986-08-13 b a r m a g Barmer Maschinenfabrik Aktiengesellschaft Electro-hydraulic pilot-operated proportional throttle valve
US4799645A (en) * 1988-01-19 1989-01-24 Deere & Company Pilot operated hydraulic control valve
US5836335A (en) * 1991-08-19 1998-11-17 Fluid Power Industries, Inc. Proportional pressure control valve
US6073652A (en) * 1999-04-01 2000-06-13 Husco International, Inc. Pilot solenoid control valve with integral pressure sensing transducer
US6149124A (en) * 1999-05-03 2000-11-21 Husco International, Inc. Pilot solenoid control valve with pressure responsive diaphragm
US6328275B1 (en) * 2000-02-04 2001-12-11 Husco International, Inc. Bidirectional pilot operated control valve
US6330798B1 (en) * 2000-04-12 2001-12-18 Husco International, Inc. Hydraulic system with shadow poppet valve
IT1316974B1 (en) * 2000-12-21 2003-05-13 Edi System S P A TWO-WAY VALVE WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC OPERATION.
DE10323595A1 (en) 2003-05-16 2004-12-09 Hydac Fluidtechnik Gmbh Valve
US7258058B2 (en) * 2005-08-31 2007-08-21 Caterpillar Inc Metering valve with integral relief and makeup function
US7921880B2 (en) * 2007-08-20 2011-04-12 Hydraforce, Inc. Three-way poppet valve with intermediate pilot port
DE102008006380A1 (en) * 2008-01-29 2009-07-30 Hydac Fluidtechnik Gmbh Pilot operated valve, in particular proportional throttle valve
US7984890B2 (en) * 2008-02-26 2011-07-26 Incova Technologies, Inc. Pilot operated valve with fast closing poppet
US8256739B2 (en) 2008-12-22 2012-09-04 Husco International, Inc. Poppet valve operated by an electrohydraulic poppet pilot valve
ITMO20110179A1 (en) * 2011-07-25 2013-01-26 Atlantic Fluid Tech S R L PILOT VALVE WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC DRIVE
DE102012006681A1 (en) 2012-03-30 2013-10-02 Hydac Fluidtechnik Gmbh Valve, in particular pilot-operated proportional pressure control valve
DE102012014250A1 (en) 2012-07-19 2014-01-23 Hydac System Gmbh Valve, in particular continuous valve
DE102012015354A1 (en) 2012-08-03 2014-05-15 Hydac Fluidtechnik Gmbh Valve, in particular pilot-operated proportional directional seat valve
DE102012015356A1 (en) * 2012-08-03 2014-05-15 Hydac Fluidtechnik Gmbh Valve, in particular pilot-operated proportional directional seat valve
DE102012017705B4 (en) * 2012-09-07 2023-07-06 Voith Patent Gmbh Switching or continuous valve
DE202015106864U1 (en) * 2015-12-16 2017-03-17 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Electromagnetic valve device and use of such
US20170284277A1 (en) * 2016-04-01 2017-10-05 Husco Automotive Holdings Llc Pilot Operated Piston Oil Cooling Jet Control Valve
JP2020012552A (en) * 2018-07-09 2020-01-23 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Electrically driven flow rate control valve
CN114402154B (en) * 2019-09-06 2024-05-31 丹佛斯有限公司 Low power hydraulic valve with increased flow rate
JP7777070B2 (en) * 2020-06-04 2025-11-27 イーグル工業株式会社 Fluid Control Device
WO2022109041A1 (en) * 2020-11-18 2022-05-27 Tescom Corporation High pressure direct pilot actuated valve
WO2023077106A1 (en) * 2021-10-29 2023-05-04 Hydraforce, Inc. Pressure control valve with reduced pilot flow and hydraulic control system with the same
WO2023175869A1 (en) * 2022-03-17 2023-09-21 Kyb株式会社 Electromagnetic relief valve system and method for controlling electromagnetic relief valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2025507954A (en) 2025-03-21
WO2023166073A1 (en) 2023-09-07
JP2025507023A (en) 2025-03-13
DE102022000767A1 (en) 2023-09-07
EP4487036A1 (en) 2025-01-08
JP2025507022A (en) 2025-03-13
CN222746713U (en) 2025-04-11
WO2023165745A1 (en) 2023-09-07
WO2023166075A1 (en) 2023-09-07
CN222950524U (en) 2025-06-06
KR20240155268A (en) 2024-10-28
CN222910941U (en) 2025-05-27
US20250207683A1 (en) 2025-06-26
EP4487037A1 (en) 2025-01-08
KR20240155899A (en) 2024-10-29
US20250163941A1 (en) 2025-05-22
US20250137548A1 (en) 2025-05-01
KR20240167824A (en) 2024-11-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE2543466C3 (en) Fluid controlled valve
DE3913460C2 (en) Hydraulic reversing valve
EP1762712B1 (en) Bypass valve for Internal combustion engines
DE3835705A1 (en) SHOCK ABSORBER FOR DAMPING MOTION PROCESSES
WO2010085991A2 (en) Proportional pressure control valve
WO2019162097A1 (en) Valve device
EP1996821A1 (en) Ludv (load-independent flow distribution system) valve arrangement
DE10143959A1 (en) Hydraulically controled actuator for valve, especially gas replacement valve in combustion engine, has control piston with area of working surface(s) changing along piston displacement path
EP1255066A2 (en) Coaxial valve
EP4487038A1 (en) Valve
EP2466155A1 (en) Hydraulically unlocked return-seat valve
EP3209917B1 (en) Pilot-operated directional control valve
DE102017008943A1 (en) valve device
EP1381779B1 (en) Directional control valve comprising an internal pressure regulator
DE102005013611B4 (en) Peumatic valve with means for actuating at least one central valve seat
WO1997004262A1 (en) Pilot operated hydraulic closure valve
EP3240966B1 (en) Valve device
DE10023583B4 (en) Electrohydraulic lowering module
DE2915505C2 (en)
DE102009050007A1 (en) Hydraulic valve for use as multi-way-switchover valve in hydraulic connection with base valve, has three-way region designed in seat valve technique
DE102008059437B3 (en) Hydraulic control valve for controlling operating cylinder, has control spools, where each spool is associated with linear variable differential transformer and hydraulic pilot controller coupled to system, for separate control of spools
EP1875084A1 (en) Directional control valve and control system provided therewith
DE102016007754A1 (en) Valve device for influencing a media flow
DE10245836B4 (en) LS-way valve assembly
EP0376023A2 (en) Electrohydraulic proportional valve

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20241004

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)