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EP4471329A1 - Dispositif de combustion avec un système de cyclones à haute pression pulsatoire du type à vide avec accès contrôlé d'oxygène et fonction de génération de chaleur - Google Patents

Dispositif de combustion avec un système de cyclones à haute pression pulsatoire du type à vide avec accès contrôlé d'oxygène et fonction de génération de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4471329A1
EP4471329A1 EP23020265.7A EP23020265A EP4471329A1 EP 4471329 A1 EP4471329 A1 EP 4471329A1 EP 23020265 A EP23020265 A EP 23020265A EP 4471329 A1 EP4471329 A1 EP 4471329A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
fuel
combustion device
combustion chamber
vacuum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23020265.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Taras Oleksandrovych Chernenko
Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Chernenko
Iryna Serhiivna Chernenko
Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Chernenko
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP23020265.7A priority Critical patent/EP4471329A1/fr
Publication of EP4471329A1 publication Critical patent/EP4471329A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F23B5/04—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
    • F23B50/06—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F23G5/245—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber with perforated bottom or grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L17/00—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
    • F23L17/005—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues using fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using solid fuels; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23B2900/00004—Means for generating pulsating combustion of solid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/101—Combustion in two or more stages with controlled oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/40—Combustion in a pulsed combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/40—Stationary bed furnace
    • F23G2203/401—Stationary bed furnace with support for a grate or perforated plate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices for fuel combustion and/or disposal of waste, mainly of household type (hereinafter referred to as the device), constructed according to the principle of gas-producing combustion, in which fuel is supplied to or through the combustion zone due to gravity, for example from a fuel container, which is located above the combustion zone (lower combustion process).
  • the device constructed according to the principle of gas-producing combustion, in which fuel is supplied to or through the combustion zone due to gravity, for example from a fuel container, which is located above the combustion zone (lower combustion process).
  • the invention provides "a combustion device with a system of pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type with controlled access of oxygen and function of heat generation".
  • the combustion device with an additional system of pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type with controlled access of oxygen and function of heat generation comprises at least a partially thermally insulated housing, a fuel container with an upper means of supplying fuel, located in the housing below the fuel container, a combustion chamber, a grate, at least one means of supplying air to the interior space of the combustion chamber and at least one means for removing gaseous combustion products.
  • the combustion chamber is made multi-staged and located above the grate, and is also equipped with a swirler of gas flows.
  • the device is additionally equipped with a system of pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type, which constantly change the pulses of vacuum force of cyclone-vortex flows, providing successive additional grinding and controlled postoxidation of any carbon and other residues.
  • the successive repetition of the pulses of hot cyclones of vacuum type provides multiple additional afterburning, which significantly improves the quality of gases outgoing into the atmosphere and greatly improves the environment during disposal and processing.
  • the process is carried out at a temperature of 1000-1700°C.
  • the required stable temperature and purity of the gases supplied to a heat exchanger are provided by the pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type.
  • the device is equipped with the heat exchanger and at least one chamber of afterburning and postoxidation, located below the grate in front of the heat exchanger.
  • the combustion chamber and the chamber of afterburning and postoxidation are vacuum-type, with an additional system of pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type with additional grinding and controlled postoxidation.
  • Waste from the woodworking industry, municipal enterprises, agricultural enterprises, etc. can be used as fuel.
  • fuel is meant the fuel specially intended for combustion, for example, wood pellets, sawdust, coal, etc., as well as waste of various types: of agricultural industry (corn, wood chips, seed husks, etc.), of animal industry (offals, animal parts, etc.), of chemical industry (rubber, plastic, etc.), rags, other solid household waste, in particular, such as refuse-derived fuel known as RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel), etc.
  • RDF Refuse Derived Fuel
  • heat generation is meant obtaining heat from other types of energy, in particular in the process of combusting various types of fuel.
  • the inventors provided their own invention, patent of Ukraine UA118238C2, published on December 10, 2018 , with an additional device equipped with a system of pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type.
  • a basic object of the invention is to provide, due to the structural features, vacuum-type cyclone-vortex flows to ensure uniform high-quality afterburning, breaking compacted fuel clusters and coal of different density and chemical composition, the absence of air pockets in the fuel, the avoidance of cooling the device part and partial removal of the latter from the required power and required temperature regime.
  • the invention provides the construction comprising the set of truncated cones, with smaller bases directed downward, multi-stage nozzles located at an acute angle relative to the center of the cone being built in between the cones, which ensures the formation of continuous vacuum-type multi-stage cyclone-vortex flows that cannot be stopped. These flows create the effect of a vacuum-type turbine.
  • the additional device prevents carbon particles from entering the heat exchanger. It provides the successive pulsed additional grinding of carbon residues, controlled postoxidation and afterburning at a temperature of 1000-1700°C. This additional device significantly improves the quality of combustion and the environment.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide the construction of universal combustion device which allows to burn fuel (solid fuel, household waste, and the like) without the need to reconfigurate the device for a specific type of fuel or for fuel with different parameters of humidity or particle size, and at the same time to generate heat due to the combustion of the obtained synthetic gas directly in the combustion chamber of the device.
  • a further object is to avoid harmful emissions at the device exit without the need for additional filtration of combustion products by way of burning carbon monoxide and other harmful substances in the space of the combustion chamber and the chamber of afterburning and postoxidation.
  • a further object of the present invention is to increase the energy efficiency of using the device by ensuring the combustion process without involving additional energy sources.
  • a further object is to increase the thermal power of heat generation to expand the field of application of the device.
  • a further object of the invention is to expand the range of the heat generation power of the device with simultaneous stabilization of the required temperature of heat generation depending on the needs of the user of the device (with an error of no more than a few degrees).
  • a further object of the invention is to increase the convenience of using the device and its maintenance.
  • a combustion device with the function of heat generation which comprises at least a partially thermally insulated housing, a fuel container with an upper means of fuel supply, a combustion chamber located in the housing below the fuel container, a grate, at least one means of supplying air to the interior space of the combustion chamber, and an additional device of pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type with controlled access of oxygen, which comprises at least a thermally insulated housing made of refractory material and one means for removing gaseous combustion products,
  • the combustion chamber is multi-stage and located above the grate, and is also equipped with a vacuum-type swirler of gas flows.
  • the device is additionally equipped with a heat exchanger and at least one chamber of afterburning and postoxidation, located below the grate in front of the heat exchanger, wherein the combustion chamber and the chamber of afterburning and postoxidation are made according to the principle of creating vacuum-type cyclone-vortex flows.
  • the chamber of afterburning and postoxidation may comprise at least one swirler of gas flows.
  • the chamber of afterburning and postoxidation may comprise at least one horizontal swirler of gas flows and at least one vertical swirler of gas flows arranged in series, and an additional device with a system of pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type.
  • the device can additionally comprise a smoke extractor connected to the means for removing gaseous combustion products.
  • a set of nozzles connected into a single system can be used, the inlet holes of which are located on the surface of the housing along its height, and the outlet holes are connected at an acute angle to the side surface of each stage of the combustion chamber.
  • each swirler of gas flows can have a circular cross-section, along the perimeter of which there are air supply channels made at an acute angle to the radial direction of the circular cross-section.
  • the device is additionally equipped with a system of pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type with controlled access of oxygen.
  • the hot cyclones are also equipped with a set of nozzles.
  • a chimney located after the heat exchanger can be used as the means for removing gaseous combustion products.
  • the fuel container may comprise an upper part and a lower part, with the upper part being separable and equipped with a fuel loading door.
  • the fuel container may comprise a lower part with at least partially lined surface located in the housing.
  • the walls of the combustion chamber may comprise at least partially lined surface.
  • the combustion chamber is made in the form of a set of truncated cones, with smaller bases directed downwards, between which multi-stage nozzles are embedded, located at an acute angle relative to the center of the cone.
  • dense, wet and heavy fuel is loaded into the combustion device, due to the presence of the set of cones, the weight of the fuel is distributed evenly to each of the cones, which prevents the formation of compacted clusters and burning-out of hollow pockets. This ensures uniform combustion and stable maintenance of the required power of the device and full control over the temperature regime of its operation.
  • the use of such construction of the grate allows the device to be maintained and cleaned without the need to stop it.
  • cyclone-vortex gas flows are obtained in the interior space of the combustion chamber.
  • the flows formed in this way make it possible to achieve the transformation of pyrolysis gases obtained during fuel combustion, first into synthesis gas, and then its combustion directly in the device.
  • the device is additionally equipped with at least one chamber of afterburning and postoxidation, inside of which the cyclone-vortex flows of gases are generated, and an additional system of pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type with controlled access of oxygen, which allows to increase the efficiency of the combustion process and additionally reduce the number of harmful substances, in particular CO, at the device exit.
  • cyclone-vortex combustion was developed as a result of studying the aerodynamics of tornadoes and atmospheric cyclones. Exactly the vacuum-type cyclone-vortex flows ensure entering the combustion products into the heat exchanger, mixing fuel with air into highly swirling flows in the combustion chamber. At the same time, the formation of cyclone-vortex flows precisely due to vacuum (the combustion chamber and the vacuum-type chamber of afterburning and postoxidation) ensures preliminary combustion of fuel instead of direct contact of flame with the heat exchanger, contributing to complete combustion of fuel.
  • the combustion of synthesis gas directly inside the device for obtaining heat generation avoids the need to cool or filter the synthesis gas before its utilization, which ensures a reduction in energy losses, higher-quality high-calorific combustion, and makes the heat generation process more efficient and environmentally friendly due to an additional system of pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type with controlled access of oxygen, also allows for clear regulation and setting of accurate temperature indicators, depending on the device purpose. That allows to reduce the emissions of CO and other harmful substances several times, compared to the combustion of natural gas.
  • testing of the proposed construction of the device showed that the use of multi-stage cyclone-vortex combustion chambers of vacuum type and an additional system of pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type with controlled access of oxygen allows for the gasification of materials of various types with high humidity (up to 75%) and different chemical composition, in particular, such as corn husks, wood chips, seed husks and other similar agricultural waste, plastic, household waste, rags, offals and other animal waste, solid household waste, etc., without the need to adjust the device for a certain type of fuel or fuel with different humidity parameters or different fractions.
  • the combustion of mixed fuel for example, fuel of different types mixed together or loading of fuel in layers of different humidity, was tested.
  • the device of the invention allows to achieve fuel combustion without its preliminary preparation, sorting or calibration.
  • the heat output ranging from 20 kW to 20,000 kW was achieved depending on the purpose of heat generation with a stable heat generation temperature for each power.
  • the said power range is achieved by reaching the temperature of the heated gases, as they enter the heat exchanger, in the range from 700°C to 2,700°C.
  • Adjusting the thermal power of the device within the said range without changing its design is achieved by adjusting the supply of air flows that enter the combustion chamber for generating vacuum-type cyclone-vortex flows, additionally equipped with the system of pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type with controlled access of oxygen and regulation of draft generated due to the means for removing of combustion products (the chimney).
  • Such adjusting can be carried out in any known way, in particular, with the help of adjustable nozzles, and is not the object of the present invention.
  • Equipping the device with the smoke extractor communicated with the means for removing gaseous combustion products allows to increase the efficiency of creating a draft to obtain vacuum inside the device, as well as to increase the convenience of adjusting the cyclone-vortex flows with an additional system of pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type with controlled access of oxygen to change the power of heat generation.
  • the use of the set of nozzles, in particular, adjustable ones, as a means of supplying air to the interior space of the combustion chamber, the inlet holes of which are located on the surface of the housing along its height, and the outlet holes communicate with the side surface of each stage of the combustion chamber, is one of the optimal ways for supplying air to the combustion chamber to obtain vacuum-type cyclone-vortex flows also in the additional system of pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type with controlled access of oxygen, which also ensures air supply adjustment.
  • swirlers of gas flows with a circular cross-section, along the perimeter of which air supply channels are located, made at an acute angle to the radial direction of the circular cross-section, allows to obtain cyclone-vortex flows even at a relatively small draft in the combustion chamber.
  • pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type which constantly change the pulses of the vacuum force of cyclone-vortex flows, ensures successive additional grinding and controlled postoxidation of any carbon and other residues.
  • the successive repetition of the pulses of hot cyclones of vacuum type provides multiple additional afterburning, which significantly improves the quality of gases outgoing into the atmosphere and greatly improves the environment during disposal and processing.
  • the process is carried out at a temperature of 1000-1700°C.
  • the necessary stable temperature and purity of the gases supplied to the heat exchanger are provided by pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type.
  • the embodiment of the fuel container with an upper part and a lower part, with the upper part being made separable and equipped with the fuel loading door, allows to increase the convenience of access to the interior space of the fuel container and the combustion chamber.
  • the embodiment of the lower part of the fuel container with at least partially lined surface, located in the housing, and the walls of the combustion chamber with at least partially lined surface allows to increase the efficiency of fuel gasification regardless of its type, as well as to increase the resistance of the device elements to acidic and alkaline environments and any temperature regimes.
  • the combustion device with function of heat generation comprises at least partially thermally insulated housing 1, the fuel container 2 with the upper fuel supply means 3, the cyclone-vortex combustion chamber 4 of vacuum type (hereinafter referred to as the combustion chamber 4) located in the housing 1 below the fuel container 2, the grate 5, the set of nozzles 6 as a means of supplying air to the interior space of the combustion chamber and the chimney 7 as a means for removing gaseous combustion products.
  • the inlet holes of the jets 6 are located on the surface of the housing 1 along its height, and the outlet holes are connected to the side surface of each stage of the combustion chamber 4.
  • the jets 6 are adjustable.
  • the combustion chamber 4 is multi-staged, located above the grate 5, and is also equipped with the vacuum-type swirler 8 of cyclone-vortex gas flows.
  • the swirler 8 of gas flows of each stage of the combustion chamber 4 has a circular cross-section ( Fig. 2 ) and along the perimeter thereof there are air supply channels 9, made at an acute angle to the radial direction of the circular cross-section.
  • the device is additionally equipped with the heat exchanger 10 located in front of the chimney 7 in the direction of moving the combustion products from the combustion chamber to the device exit.
  • the device also comprises the chamber 11 of afterburning and postoxidation, located below the grate 5 in front of the heat exchanger 10.
  • This chamber is also equipped with a vacuum-type cyclone-vortex swirler of gases, like the chamber 4.
  • the chamber 11 of afterburning and postoxidation may comprise the swirlers of gas flows similar to the swirler 8 located in the combustion chamber 4, in particular, at least one horizontal swirler 12 of gas flows and at least one vertical swirler 13 of gas flows, arranged in series.
  • the device is additionally equipped with the system of pulse hot cyclones of vacuum type with controlled access of oxygen.
  • This additional system comprises a thermally insulated housing 18 made of refractory material, comprising a set of hot cyclones 27, which ensures constant changes in vacuum force.
  • Each hot cyclone is equipped with a nozzle 24 which provides controlled access of oxygen.
  • Turbines 25 provide cyclone-vortex flows 26 for additional grinding, postoxidation and afterburning of carbon residues and other harmful gases, and also provide stabilization of the required temperature and additional cleaning of hot gases 23 before being fed into the heat exchanger 10.
  • the device can additionally comprise the smoke extractor 14 in the chimney 7.
  • the fuel container 2 comprises an upper part 15 and a lower part 16.
  • the upper part 15 is made separable and equipped with the fuel loading door with the upper fuel supply means 3.
  • the lower part 16 is located in the housing 1 and is made with at least partially lined surface 17 of refractory materials.
  • the walls of the combustion chamber 4 are also made with an at least partially lined surface 17 of refractory materials.
  • Refractory materials for lined surfaces 17 can be selected, for example, from such materials as chamotte, mullite corundum, Bacor, zirconium and other similar materials known from the prior art.
  • the choice of refractory materials depends on the type of fuel, in particular, such as RDF, which need to be disposed or combusted in the device.
  • the total weight of refractory materials can range from 200 kg to 20,000 kg. Due to the proper selection of refractory materials the efficiency of gasification of any fuel is additionally achieved, as well as the resistance to acidic or alkaline environments and significant temperature regimes.
  • the housing 1 can have a hermetically sealed metal casing 18 to improve the quality of control over the combustion process and prevent environmental influences on the processes taking place in the device.
  • the chamber 11 of afterburning and postoxidation additionally comprises the door 19 for removing ash.
  • Fuel of any type and parameters, in particular, mixed type (for example, maize tops and cobs, wood chips, seed husks and other agricultural waste, rubber, plastic, oil refinery waste, peat, coal, household waste, rags, offals, bones, feathers and other animal waste, solid household waste) is loaded into the container 2 through the fuel loading door 3 equipped with a jack.
  • Loading can be done manually or automatically depending on the furnace power.
  • Additional loading of fuel for example, from storage, can be carried out at any time after loading the first portion of fuel during operation of the device without stopping it. Additional loading of fuel can be carried out through the upper means 3 of fuel supply manually or with the help of automatic loading systems of the known type: revolver, conveyor, screw, elevator and other similar systems.
  • the volume of the container 2 can range from 0.11 m 3 to 6.5 m 3 depending on the required thermal power.
  • the fuel by gravity enters the cyclone-vortex combustion chamber 4 of vacuum type.
  • the fuel located in the combustion chamber 4 is ignited through the door on the side surface of the housing 1.
  • Air is supplied to the combustion chamber 4 through the set of nozzles 6 using the natural draft created by vacuum of the chimney 7. At the same time, even the natural draft of the chimney 7 heated by the combustion products, is sufficient to create vacuum in the combustion chamber 4. Due to the created vacuum, when air is supplied through the nozzles in the multi-stage combustion chamber 4, due to the swirlers 8 of the gas flows powerful cyclone-vortex flows 20 of vacuum type are formed. Vacuum can also be created with the help of the smoke extractor 14.
  • Combustion of fuel and its transformation into synthesis gas 22 is carried out in the combustion chamber 4 gradually due to its subsidence in the direction of the grate 5 under its own weight.
  • the lined surface 17 of refractory material allows to heat the inner surface of the walls of the container 2 and the combustion chamber 4 to the required temperature, and is a powerful heat accumulator.
  • the fuel is instantly gasified into pyrolysis gas 21.
  • the entire mass of fuel loaded into the device is held by the grate 5.
  • the grate 5 ensures the passage of the obtained synthesis gas 22 into the vacuum-type chamber 11 of afterburning and postoxidation which also comprises the means for creating cyclone-vortex flows (swirlers 12 and 13).
  • a small percentage of unburned fuel can also enter the chamber 11 through the grate 5, which ensures the gasification of all gases that have entered the chamber 11.
  • the use of two swirlers, 12 and 13, of gas flows, located in different planes, and the additional use of the new system of hot cyclones of vacuum type with controlled access of oxygen allows to further increase the efficiency of gasification and production of synthesis gas, and the repetition of the processes of additional grinding, postoxidation and afterburning of carbon residues and other harmful substances, i.e. to ensure more complete combustion of any type of fuel with any moisture content and any chemical composition, which allows to significantly reduce the emissions of CO and other harmful substances, compared to the combustion of natural gas, thereby increasing the safety of the environment and the high thermal power of the device, which does not decrease over time.
  • the flow of gases 23 heated to the required temperature in the range from 700°C to 2700°C is obtained, which enters the heat exchanger 10.
  • the temperature of the heated gases within the said range can be adjusted depending on the requirements for the required thermal power of air flows for gasification and calorific parameters of the fuel.
  • a heat exchanger a water-heating heat exchanger or one with air heat exchange, a steam boiler, a heat exchanger for fusing or melting glass, porcelain, ceramics, sponge glass, heating and melting metals and the like, an auxiliary device to boilers of an existing boiler house, etc., can be used.
  • Unburned fuel particles (ash) are removed from the chamber 11 through the door 19 using mechanical or automatic means, depending on the model of the device, even during its operation.
  • the use of the present invention makes it possible to burn fuel (solid fuel, household waste, and the like) without the need to reconfigurate the device for a specific type of fuel or for fuel with different parameters of humidity or particle size, precisely due to the formation of vacuum-type cyclone-vortex flows in the combustion chamber and the chamber of postoxidation and afterburning, and at the same time to generate heat due to combustion of the obtained synthetic gas to significantly reduce harmful emissions at the device exit, increase the energy efficiency of the device and the thermal power of heat generation, expand the adjustment interval of the heat generation power of the device and achieve stabilization of the required temperature of heat generation depending on the needs of the device user, as well as to increase the convenience of using the device and its maintenance compared to the prior art and other installations of a similar purpose.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP23020265.7A 2023-05-29 2023-05-29 Dispositif de combustion avec un système de cyclones à haute pression pulsatoire du type à vide avec accès contrôlé d'oxygène et fonction de génération de chaleur Pending EP4471329A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23020265.7A EP4471329A1 (fr) 2023-05-29 2023-05-29 Dispositif de combustion avec un système de cyclones à haute pression pulsatoire du type à vide avec accès contrôlé d'oxygène et fonction de génération de chaleur

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23020265.7A EP4471329A1 (fr) 2023-05-29 2023-05-29 Dispositif de combustion avec un système de cyclones à haute pression pulsatoire du type à vide avec accès contrôlé d'oxygène et fonction de génération de chaleur

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EP4471329A1 true EP4471329A1 (fr) 2024-12-04

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EP23020265.7A Pending EP4471329A1 (fr) 2023-05-29 2023-05-29 Dispositif de combustion avec un système de cyclones à haute pression pulsatoire du type à vide avec accès contrôlé d'oxygène et fonction de génération de chaleur

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4529377A (en) * 1983-02-28 1985-07-16 Georgia Tech Research Institute Pulse combustor apparatus
US5046435A (en) * 1988-09-14 1991-09-10 K+K Ofenbau Gmbh Process and apparatus for combustion of waste, such as household and other waste, and afterburning of residues from the combustion
FR2769078A1 (fr) * 1997-09-30 1999-04-02 Ass De Sauvegarde De L Enfance Four d'incineration en briques refractaires a canaux et a passages d'injection d'air et briques pour sa constitution
UA118238C2 (uk) 2017-05-16 2018-12-10 Олександр Володимирович Черненко Спалювальний пристрій з функцією теплогенерації
DE102020113657A1 (de) * 2020-05-20 2021-11-25 Dürr Systems Ag Thermische abluftreinigungsvorrichtung

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4529377A (en) * 1983-02-28 1985-07-16 Georgia Tech Research Institute Pulse combustor apparatus
US5046435A (en) * 1988-09-14 1991-09-10 K+K Ofenbau Gmbh Process and apparatus for combustion of waste, such as household and other waste, and afterburning of residues from the combustion
FR2769078A1 (fr) * 1997-09-30 1999-04-02 Ass De Sauvegarde De L Enfance Four d'incineration en briques refractaires a canaux et a passages d'injection d'air et briques pour sa constitution
UA118238C2 (uk) 2017-05-16 2018-12-10 Олександр Володимирович Черненко Спалювальний пристрій з функцією теплогенерації
DE102020113657A1 (de) * 2020-05-20 2021-11-25 Dürr Systems Ag Thermische abluftreinigungsvorrichtung

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