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EP4453340B1 - Construction system - Google Patents

Construction system

Info

Publication number
EP4453340B1
EP4453340B1 EP22830551.2A EP22830551A EP4453340B1 EP 4453340 B1 EP4453340 B1 EP 4453340B1 EP 22830551 A EP22830551 A EP 22830551A EP 4453340 B1 EP4453340 B1 EP 4453340B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
building block
end portion
face
front face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22830551.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4453340A1 (en
EP4453340C0 (en
Inventor
Dominique Rossi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP4453340A1 publication Critical patent/EP4453340A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4453340C0 publication Critical patent/EP4453340C0/en
Publication of EP4453340B1 publication Critical patent/EP4453340B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E04B2/46—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/50—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in particular to a construction system as well as to a construction assembly comprising several systems, allowing the composition of a wall using the systems or elements in question.
  • a preferred application relates to the building and public works industry, in particular for the construction of walls, in particular retaining walls, noise barriers or the like.
  • the invention also relates to such a wall, in particular a retaining wall.
  • a building block that comprises four walls, giving a three-dimensional shape to this element, with a longitudinal direction, a transverse direction and a height dimension, to form at least a portion of a wall wall.
  • This type of block is generally satisfactory, particularly in its installation efficiency. In particular, it allows for high speed of execution because it can be of fairly large dimensions, so that a wall wall can be built with a more limited number of blocks.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a construction system which takes advantage of building blocks in an improved manner.
  • the invention provides a construction system according to the subject of claim 1.
  • a wall of a given surface area uses a smaller number of blocks because a portion of this wall is produced by one or more connecting plates. This results in a significant gain because these plates are less bulky and/or less heavy than building blocks, so they are easier to handle by hand or with machinery. Possibly, they cause less vertical settlement of the soil, because the ground supports of the system, at the level of the blocks, are more spaced.
  • the reinforcing plate essentially has a role of retaining the earth in its horizontal thrust. While current techniques focus on blocks, the latter having by structure a significant base on the ground, the present invention here combats a prejudice with the use of intermediate elements in the form of plates, therefore with a weak ground support, negligible relative to the support of the blocks. We thus take advantage of the characteristics of the two components, blocks and plates, to quickly build wall walls.
  • the connecting plate is applied to the rear of the front wall of the two blocks that it connects, thanks to the contact between the end portions of the plate and the bearing surfaces of the first wall of the two blocks.
  • This rear support is preferably plane on plane.
  • the assembly is practical insofar as this support does not require a groove in the blocks.
  • the mass of backfill allows in fact to wedge the plate against the first walls of the blocks, exerting pressure from the back of the plate.
  • a construction set comprising a plurality of construction systems.
  • it may comprise at least a first system and a second system superimposed.
  • a slope is formed between the superimposed systems.
  • It may also comprise, in addition or as an alternative, juxtaposed systems, in particular so that their front face forms a continuity in a plane. In this case, it is advantageous to alternate the blocks and the plates over at least a portion of the length of the wall to be formed.
  • the second wall defines a rear face parallel to the front face and comprises a portion of linearly increasing thickness in the direction of the base face joining the third and fourth walls and forming an inclined internal face of the second wall, opposite the rear face.
  • the invention may be made from concrete, for example by molding.
  • the concrete may have a conventional reinforcement.
  • the blocks and/or plates are monobloc, each in a single coherent element.
  • a “wall” is a three-dimensional element; the three-dimensional element is not necessarily located on the same plane and can be discontinuous.
  • a wall for example, allows you to define a front surface, a rear surface, or a side surface.
  • FIG. 1 adopts a three-dimensional perspective corresponding to three preferred directions of the invention.
  • the depth dimension of this figure corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the system of the invention.
  • Another dimension corresponds to the lateral or transverse direction of the system; it is preferably oriented along the width of the wall composition to be constructed. It is in this direction that the blocks and plates, described in more detail below, can be juxtaposed to form a construction level.
  • the last dimension forms the height of the system; it is advantageously along this direction that the height of the wall composition is constructed; systems can be stacked along this direction.
  • the system comprises at least two blocks 1, 2 spaced from each other and connected by a connection plate 3.
  • blocks 1, 2 can be identical. An example of how these blocks are formed is given below.
  • the building block 1 has a plurality of faces which can in particular serve as contact surfaces with other elements or with the ground, or serve as facade parts.
  • a front face 12 is formed by means of a first wall 18 referenced in perspective view on the figure 1 .
  • the front face 12 may be flat or have a pattern allowing the decoration of the wall facade to be varied.
  • a rear face 13 is also visible in all of the figures and is carried by a second wall 19.
  • the first and second walls 18, 19 are parallel to each other. As shown in figure 1 , it is further advantageous for the second wall 19 to have a width dimension smaller than that of the first wall 18.
  • the first and second walls 18, 19 are connected by two other walls, respectively third wall 110 and fourth wall 111.
  • the latter have a preferred orientation preferably perpendicular to that of the first, second walls 18, 19.
  • the walls 110, 111 are directed along the height of the building block 1.
  • the third and fourth walls 110, 111 are parallel to each other. In the illustrated embodiment, they are spaced apart in the transverse direction and define, with the first and second walls 18, 19, an opening passing right through the building block 1. This area can be backfilled during construction. of the wall.
  • a preferred configuration is that the spacing between the third and fourth walls 110, 111 is less than the width dimension of at least one of the first wall 18 and the second wall 19.
  • a slice of each of the four walls 18, 19, 110, 111 defines a base face 16 of the block 1.
  • This set of first slices is preferably coplanar so as to define a flat base face 16; it may include hollow zones used for nesting with other elements. It is further preferably oriented perpendicularly to the four walls 18, 19, 110, 111.
  • the second wall 19 comprises a portion of linearly increasing thickness in the direction of the base face 16 joining the third and fourth walls 110, 111 and forming an inclined internal face 191 of the second wall 19, opposite the rear face 13. The inclined internal face 191 then makes it possible to better distribute the mechanical forces exerted on the building block 1.
  • the portion of increasing thickness makes it possible to define a space inside the block 1 and having a cavity shape opening progressively towards the front face 12. While forming this cavity of variable vertical section, the mechanical resistance is high thanks to the large section of the second wall 19 carrying the rear face 13 in its basal part. In particular, at the junction between the second wall 19 and the third and fourth walls 110, 111, the quantity of material is significant, which ensures good transmission of forces. Furthermore, when the block 1 of the invention is superimposed with a similar block 1, and there is a propensity of the wall thus formed to tilt towards the front face 12, the inclined face 191 formed by the portion of increasing thickness forms a triangulation element favorable to the resistance to breaking of the second wall 19. The stability of the assembly is therefore improved.
  • linearly increasing section portion Another advantage of the linearly increasing section portion is to provide a surface favorable to the head-to-tail cooperation of two similar superimposed blocks 1.
  • an inclined face 191 is formed which can serve as a guide for inserting a block 1 superimposed on another block 1 in one direction while the inclined face 191 formed on the superimposed block 1 provides insertion guidance in a direction perpendicular to the first.
  • the two blocks 1 can thus be nested one inside the other in a progressive manner, even if their relative starting position is not precise.
  • the portion of linearly increasing thickness is surmounted by a portion called the terminal portion, opposite the third and fourth walls 110, 111, said terminal portion being characterized by a constant thickness.
  • the terminal portion then forms a notch, which can serve to improve the cooperation between the building block 1 and another building block 1 having at least one hollow intended to receive the terminal portion.
  • the hollow is preferably located on the base face 16 and is manifested in the form of at least one groove 161, hollow and notches being complementary.
  • the limitation between the portion of linearly increasing thickness and the terminal portion is located at the same height as the upper end of the front face 12.
  • the groove 161 is configured to allow the insertion into the groove 161 of the terminal portion of another block 1.
  • the terminal portion extends beyond the upper end of the front face 2 at the level of another face, opposite the face base 16 along the height direction.
  • This other face is formed by second slices of each of the first, second, third and fourth walls 18, 19, 110, 111.
  • the highest point of the building block 1 is, at this other face, located on the second wall 19.
  • the rear face 13 is raised. Thanks to these arrangements, the second wall 19 can cooperate with a hollow stop element on the base face 16 of a superimposed element, so as to retain, in a front/rear direction, the stack.
  • the groove 161 may be flared towards the base face 16. Thanks to this shape, the overlapping nesting of two similar elements can be achieved even if the initial relative positioning between the two blocks 1 is not perfect, the flared part serving to gradually guide the terminal portion into the groove 161. It is also very advantageous for the building block 1 to comprise several grooves 161. Indeed, this makes it possible to modify the location of cooperation of the terminal portion relative to a superimposed building block 1, so as to vary the fruit of the wall to be formed. By “fruit of the wall”, we mean the obliquity of the external face of the wall.
  • the grooves 161 may extend over the entire length of the block 1 in the longitudinal direction or may extend for example over only half the length of the block 1 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the grooves 161 may be located along the third and fourth walls 110 and 111 on the base face 16, in addition to being located at the second wall 19 on the base face 16.
  • the other face, thus formed, has a first stage, called the front stage, corresponding to a portion of the second slices, in particular of the second slice of the first wall 18, and a second stage, called the rear stage, corresponding to a portion of the second slices, in particular of the second slice of the second wall 19.
  • the second stage corresponds to the upper end of the terminal portion.
  • the connecting edge 112 is preferably straight. It is advantageously perpendicular to the two stages.
  • the other face comprises a flat bottom 150 defined by a portion of the second edges, in particular edges of the third and fourth walls 110, 111, the flat bottom 150 being connected, on a first side, to the inclined internal face 191.
  • the flat bottom 150 is connected by a second side to the connecting edge 112.
  • the third wall 110 and the fourth wall 111 respectively define a first flank 15 and a second flank 14 spaced apart in a transverse direction, and each connecting the first and second walls 18, 19. A portion of the first flank 15 and a portion of the second flank 14 are then included in the flat bottom 150.
  • the flat bottom 150 is located at half a height dimension of the front face 12.
  • the base face 16 of one of the blocks 1 is at the same height level as the other face of the other element 1.
  • the terminal portion is absent from the block, the upper end of the front face 12 and the upper end of the rear face 13 are at the same height.
  • the grooves 161 are absent according to this embodiment.
  • the first stage comprises a portion of the second slice of the second wall 19 defining the rear face 13 and a portion of the second slice of the third and fourth walls 110, 111.
  • the second stage it comprises a portion of the second slice of the first wall 18 defining the front face 12 and a portion of the second slice, in elevation, of the third and fourth walls 110, 111.
  • the height of the rear face 13 is greater and preferably equal to twice the height of the front face 12.
  • the second building block 2 is identical to the first. It is not described here in more detail. It should be noted that it is not excluded that its dimensions and/or its shapes differ from those of the first block 1.
  • first block 1 and the second block 2 are spaced apart but connected by an intermediate construction component, in the form of a connecting plate 3.
  • the connecting plate 3 is a single-piece element extending essentially along the height dimension, and so as to produce a part of the width of the system.
  • the length dimension of the plate 3 is less than the height dimension and the width dimension; preferably, the length dimension is at least twice, preferably at least five times less than the width dimension.
  • the connecting plate 3 may have a width dimension greater than or equal to 1 m; it may be made from a wall having a thickness of between 0.1 and 0.15 m; thus, taking into account the flared portion described later of the end portions 31, 32, in a mode of embodiment, the overall longitudinal dimension may be between 0.2 and 0.3 m; it is preferably less than 0.25 m.
  • the height dimension is greater than twice the longitudinal dimension, and preferably at least three times.
  • the width dimension of the front face 34 of the connecting plate 3 is between 0.5 and 2 times the width dimension of at least one of the front faces 12, 22 of the blocks 1, 2.
  • the widths can all be identical.
  • the contact surface of the connecting plate 3 on the ground is formed solely by the lower edge of a wall forming the plate.
  • the connecting plate 3 is a wall of rigid, flat and thin material. And, within the framework of the invention, its thickness is directed along the longitudinal direction of the system.
  • the connecting plate 3 serves as an intermediate element between the first block 1 and the second block 2 as shown in the figures 1 to 3 . It is in contact, by opposite edges, with each of the two blocks 1,2. It includes, as reflected in the figure 1 , a front wall 33 forming the central part of the plate 3, and preferably the majority of the width dimension of said plate. On each side, to cooperate with the blocks, the front wall 33 is framed by end portions 31, 32.
  • the first end portion 31 is configured to be applied to the first block 1.
  • the second end portion 32 is configured to be applied to the second block 2.
  • the front face 34 of the plate 3, defined by the zones 31, 32, 33, is preferably of the same height dimension as the front faces 12, 22 of the blocks. Still preferably, the front faces 34, 12, 22 are in the same plane. This plane is advantageously vertical.
  • FIG. 1 gives a better illustration of the rear surface 35 of the plate 3. It is formed partly by the rear face of the front wall 33 and partly by the rear face of each of the end portions 31, 32.
  • the width dimension of the plate 3 is greater than the spacing between the first walls 18, 28 of the blocks 1, 2 so that a part of the connecting plate 3 overlaps a part of each of the blocks 1, 2.
  • the figure 3 gives a top view of the assembled system in which the first end portion 31 comprises a first panel 311 extending to the rear of the first wall 18 of the first block 1.
  • the first panel 311 (an identical situation occurs for the first panel 321) is applied opposite the front face 12 in a region of the rear surface of the first wall 18 where the fourth wall 111 is not present.
  • the latter is set back relative to the application surface of the first panel 311, in the transverse direction.
  • the width dimension of the first panel 311 (and of the first panel 321) is at least equal to the thickness dimension of the front wall 33.
  • the wedging of the connecting plate 3 is completed by a second face 312 applied to the edge of the first wall 18 of the first block 1 and by a second face 322 applied to the edge of the first wall 28 of the second block 2.
  • the pairs of faces 311, 312; 321, 322 define recesses, or re-entrant angles, making it possible to interlock with lateral vertical edges of the walls 18, 28 of the blocks 1, 2.
  • the forces applied to the connecting plate 3 are taken up, both in the transverse direction and in the longitudinal direction, when a thrust is exerted from the rear to the front on this plate. The latter is therefore well wedged when earth is backfilled in the volume defined by the space between the two blocks, at the rear of the rear surface 35.
  • the recess formed by the panels is at right angles.
  • the shape of the corresponding edges of the walls 18, 28 are identical.
  • the dimension in the longitudinal direction of the second panels 312, 322 is advantageously identical to that of the first walls 18, 28 at this level, that is to say essentially the dimension of the edge of these walls.
  • the plate 3 can be additionally wedged by means of a connecting bar passing at the rear of the rear surface 35.
  • the first block 1 may comprise a passage 160 and, similarly, the second block 2 may have a second passage of 160, the passages 160, 260 being directed in the transverse direction so as to receive a connecting bar.
  • An example of such passages is shown in figures 2 And 3 with a crossing of the third and fourth walls of the blocks. In this way, a bar introduced into the passages 160,260 forms a rear stop for the plate 3. This avoids a risk of displacement at this level, in particular before backfilling.
  • the connecting bar is applied to the rear surface 35, in particular at the level of the first end portion 31 and the second end portion 32, or, at least, is located in the vicinity of this surface 35 so that, if the plate 3 tilts backwards, it is retained.
  • the connecting bar is advantageously metallic, preferably steel.
  • the plate 3 comprises, at the ends 31, 32, a shape ensuring contact with the blocks 1, 2 leading to a withdrawal towards the rear.
  • the first end portion 31, and equivalently the second end portion 32 comprises a widening zone 313 at its rear face.
  • the rear face of the front portion 33 is advantageously flat and directed in continuity with the rear surface of the walls 18, 28.
  • the first end portion 31 comprises, from the front portion 33, a zone 313 which flares out, making it possible to increase the thickness, along the longitudinal dimension, of the plate 3 in the vicinity of the stress absorption zone between the plate 3 and the blocks 1, 2.
  • the profile of the zone 313 is linear, forming a vertically directed oblique plane.
  • the end portion 31 can take on a shape such that it is parallel to the front face 34. It is understood that this flared shape increases the quantity of material in the vicinity of the recesses formed by the sides 311, 312; 321, 322. In this way, the stress concentrations are reduced.
  • each widening zone 313,323 has a normal which intercepts the corner of the withdrawal formed by the sides 311, 312; 321,322; this configuration is also favorable to the resistance of the connecting plate 3 when exerting a thrust.
  • the system presented here does not include a surface for absorbing vertical forces between the connecting plate 3 and the blocks 1, 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL FIELD

La présente invention est relative notamment à un système de construction ainsi qu'à un ensemble de construction comportant plusieurs systèmes, permettant la composition d'une paroi murale utilisant les systèmes ou éléments en question.The present invention relates in particular to a construction system as well as to a construction assembly comprising several systems, allowing the composition of a wall using the systems or elements in question.

Une application préférée concerne l'industrie du bâtiment et des travaux publics en particulier pour la réalisation de murs, notamment de soutènement, de murs anti-bruit ou autres. L'invention concerne aussi un tel mur, en particulier de soutènement.A preferred application relates to the building and public works industry, in particular for the construction of walls, in particular retaining walls, noise barriers or the like. The invention also relates to such a wall, in particular a retaining wall.

ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE STATE OF THE ART

Dans ce domaine, on connaît, de la publication brevet WO 2020/234181 A1 , un bloc de construction qui comprend quatre parois, donnant une forme tridimensionnelle à cet élément, avec une direction longitudinale, une direction transversale et une dimension en hauteur, pour former au moins une portion de paroi murale. Ce type de bloc donne globalement satisfaction en particulier dans son efficacité de pose. Il permet notamment une grande vitesse d'exécution car il peut être de dimensions assez grandes, si bien qu'une paroi murale peut être construite avec un nombre plus limité de blocs.In this area, we know, from the patent publication WO 2020/234181 A1 , a building block that comprises four walls, giving a three-dimensional shape to this element, with a longitudinal direction, a transverse direction and a height dimension, to form at least a portion of a wall wall. This type of block is generally satisfactory, particularly in its installation efficiency. In particular, it allows for high speed of execution because it can be of fairly large dimensions, so that a wall wall can be built with a more limited number of blocks.

Cependant, il existe un besoin pour optimiser ce type de paroi murale.However, there is a need to optimize this type of wall panel.

Le document brevet FR 2567561 A1 divulgue une clôture avec des piliers et, entre les piliers, des plaques insérées dans des rainures. Cette solution n'est pas exploitable pour des blocs de construction et implique des étapes chronophages de montage des plaques.THE patent document FR 2567561 A1 discloses a fence with pillars and, between the pillars, plates inserted into grooves. This solution is not usable for building blocks and involves time-consuming steps of mounting the plates.

Un objet de la présente invention est donc de proposer un système de construction qui tire profit de blocs de construction de façon améliorée.An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a construction system which takes advantage of building blocks in an improved manner.

Les autres objets, caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à l'examen de la description suivante et des dessins d'accompagnement. Il est entendu que d'autres avantages peuvent être incorporés.Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings. It is understood that other advantages may be incorporated.

Pour atteindre cet objectif, l'invention prévoit un système de construction selon l'objet de la revendication 1.To achieve this objective, the invention provides a construction system according to the subject of claim 1.

Ainsi, une paroi murale d'une surface donnée emploie un nombre moins important de blocs car une portion de cette paroi est produite par une ou plusieurs plaques de raccordement. Cela entraîne un gain notable car ces plaques sont moins encombrantes et/ou moins lourdes que les blocs de construction, si bien qu'elles sont plus faciles à manipuler à la main ou avec des engins. Eventuellement, elles occasionnent moins de tassement vertical du sol, car les appuis au sol du système, au niveau des blocs, sont plus espacés.Thus, a wall of a given surface area uses a smaller number of blocks because a portion of this wall is produced by one or more connecting plates. This results in a significant gain because these plates are less bulky and/or less heavy than building blocks, so they are easier to handle by hand or with machinery. Possibly, they cause less vertical settlement of the soil, because the ground supports of the system, at the level of the blocks, are more spaced.

La plaque de renforcement a essentiellement un rôle de retenue de la terre dans sa poussée horizontale. alors que les techniques actuelles se concentrent sur des blocs, ces derniers présentant par structure une assise importante sur le sol, la présente invention combat ici un préjugé avec l'emploi d'éléments intermédiaires sous forme de plaques, donc avec un appui au sol faible, négligeable relativement à l'appui des blocs. On tire ainsi profit des caractéristiques des deux composants, blocs et plaques, pour construire rapidement des parois murales.The reinforcing plate essentially has a role of retaining the earth in its horizontal thrust. While current techniques focus on blocks, the latter having by structure a significant base on the ground, the present invention here combats a prejudice with the use of intermediate elements in the form of plates, therefore with a weak ground support, negligible relative to the support of the blocks. We thus take advantage of the characteristics of the two components, blocks and plates, to quickly build wall walls.

Suivant un aspect avantageux, la plaque de raccordement se trouve appliquée à l'arrière de la paroi avant des deux blocs qu'elle raccorde, grâce au contact entre les portions d'extrémité de la plaque et des surfaces d'appui de la première paroi des deux blocs. Cet appui par l'arrière est de préférence plan sur plan. Le montage est pratique dans la mesure où cet appui ne nécessite pas de rainure dans les blocs. Lors d'un soutènement, la masse de remblais permet en effet de caler la plaque contre les premières parois des blocs, en exerçant une pression par l'arrière de la plaque.According to an advantageous aspect, the connecting plate is applied to the rear of the front wall of the two blocks that it connects, thanks to the contact between the end portions of the plate and the bearing surfaces of the first wall of the two blocks. This rear support is preferably plane on plane. The assembly is practical insofar as this support does not require a groove in the blocks. During support, the mass of backfill allows in fact to wedge the plate against the first walls of the blocks, exerting pressure from the back of the plate.

Un autre aspect concerne un ensemble de constructions comportant une pluralité de systèmes de construction. Eventuellement, il peut comporter au moins un premier système et un deuxième système superposés. Éventuellement, une pente est formée entre les systèmes superposés. Il peut aussi comporter, en complément ou en alternative, des systèmes juxtaposés, notamment de sorte que leur face avant forme une continuité dans un plan. Dans ce cas, il est avantageux d'alterner les blocs et les plaques sur au moins une portion de la longueur de la paroi à former.Another aspect relates to a construction set comprising a plurality of construction systems. Optionally, it may comprise at least a first system and a second system superimposed. Optionally, a slope is formed between the superimposed systems. It may also comprise, in addition or as an alternative, juxtaposed systems, in particular so that their front face forms a continuity in a plane. In this case, it is advantageous to alternate the blocks and the plates over at least a portion of the length of the wall to be formed.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Les buts, objets, ainsi que les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront mieux de la description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation de cette dernière qui est illustré par les dessins d'accompagnement suivants dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 représente une première vue en perspective, globalement depuis la face avant du système.
  • La figure 2 représente une deuxième vue en perspective, globalement depuis la face arrière.
  • La figure 3 représente une vue de dessus d'un tel système dans le mode de réalisation des deux figures précédentes.
The aims, objects, as well as the characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly from the detailed description of an embodiment thereof which is illustrated by the following accompanying drawings in which:
  • There figure 1 represents a first perspective view, generally from the front face of the system.
  • There figure 2 represents a second perspective view, generally from the rear face.
  • There figure 3 represents a top view of such a system in the embodiment of the two preceding figures.

Les dessins sont donnés à titre d'exemples et ne sont pas limitatifs de l'invention. Ils constituent des représentations schématiques de principe destinées à faciliter la compréhension de l'invention. Cependant, les rapports de forme qui y sont visibles sont à l'échelle d'un exemple possible en pratique.The drawings are given as examples and are not limiting of the invention. They constitute schematic representations of principle intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention. However, the shape relationships visible therein are on the scale of a possible example in practice.

DESCRIPTION DÉTAILLÉEDETAILED DESCRIPTION

Avant d'entamer une revue détaillée de modes de réalisation de l'invention, sont énoncées ci-après des caractéristiques optionnelles qui peuvent éventuellement être utilisées en association ou alternativement :

  • la première portion d'extrémité 31 est au contact d'une surface d'appui de la première paroi 18 du premier bloc de construction 1, opposée à la face avant 12 du premier bloc de construction 1, et dans lequel la deuxième portion d'extrémité 32 est au contact d'une surface d'appui de la première paroi 28 du deuxième bloc de construction 2, opposée à la face avant 22 du deuxième bloc de construction 2 ;
  • la première portion d'extrémité 31 comprend un retrait défini par un premier pan 311 au contact de la surface d'appui de la première paroi 18 du premier bloc de construction 1 et par un deuxième pan 312 au contact de la tranche de la première paroi 18 du premier bloc de construction 1, et dans lequel la deuxième portion d'extrémité 312 comprend un retrait défini par un premier pan au contact de la surface d'appui de la première paroi 28 du deuxième bloc de construction 2 et par un deuxième pan au contact de la tranche de la première paroi 28 du deuxième bloc de construction 2 ;
  • le premier pan 311,321 et le deuxième pan 312,322 du retrait d'au moins l'une parmi la première portion d'extrémité 31 et la deuxième portion d'extrémité 32 forme un angle droit ;
  • la plaque de raccordement 3 comprend une surface arrière opposée à la face avant de la plaque de raccordement 3, la surface arrière 35 définissant une face arrière, respectivement, de la paroi frontale 33, une face arrière de la première portion d'extrémité 31 et une face arrière de la deuxième portion d'extrémité 32, et dans lequel chacune parmi la face arrière de la première portion d'extrémité 31 et la face arrière de la deuxième portion d'extrémité 32 comprend une zone allant en s'évasant 313,323 selon la direction longitudinale depuis la face arrière de la paroi frontale 33 ;
  • chaque zone allant en s'évasant 313,323 forme un angle compris entre 30° et 60° relativement à la direction longitudinale ;
  • chaque zone allant en s'évasant 313,323 est plane et est configurée pour qu'un plan qui lui est perpendiculaire intercepte le coin formé entre le premier pan 311,321 et le deuxième pan 312,322 du retrait correspondant ;
  • le premier bloc de construction 1 comprend un premier passage 160, le deuxième bloc 2 comprend un deuxième passage 260, le premier passage 160 et le deuxième passage 260 étant dirigés suivant la direction transversale et configurés pour recevoir une barre de liaison, la position du premier passage 160 et du deuxième passage 260 suivant la direction longitudinale étant située à l'arrière et au voisinage de la face arrière de la première portion d'extrémité 31 et de la face arrière de la deuxième portion d'extrémité 32, et de préférence à moins de 3 cm desdites faces arrière ;
  • la face avant 34 de la plaque de raccordement 3, la face avant 12 du premier bloc de construction 1 et la face avant 22 du deuxième bloc de construction 2 sont en continuité dans un même plan ;
  • le plan est perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale et à la direction transversale ;
  • la paroi frontale 33 présente, suivant la direction longitudinale, une épaisseur identique à l'épaisseur d'au moins l'une parmi la première paroi 18 du premier bloc de construction 1 et la première paroi 28 du deuxième bloc de construction 2 ;
  • la plaque de raccordement 3 présente une symétrie relativement à un plan médian comprenant la dimension longitudinale et perpendiculaire à la dimension transversale ;
  • la plaque de raccordement 3 est un élément monobloc venu d'une seule matière ;
  • la plaque de raccordement 3, le premier bloc de construction 1 et le deuxième bloc de construction 2 sont en béton.
Before commencing a detailed review of embodiments of the invention, optional features which may optionally be used in combination or alternatively are set out below:
  • the first end portion 31 is in contact with a bearing surface of the first wall 18 of the first building block 1, opposite the front face 12 of the first building block 1, and in which the second end portion 32 is in contact with a bearing surface of the first wall 28 of the second building block 2, opposite the front face 22 of the second building block 2;
  • the first end portion 31 comprises a recess defined by a first face 311 in contact with the bearing surface of the first wall 18 of the first building block 1 and by a second face 312 in contact with the edge of the first wall 18 of the first building block 1, and in which the second end portion 312 comprises a recess defined by a first face in contact with the bearing surface of the first wall 28 of the second building block 2 and by a second face in contact with the edge of the first wall 28 of the second building block 2;
  • the first side 311,321 and the second side 312,322 of the withdrawal of at least one of the first end portion 31 and the second end portion 32 form a right angle;
  • the connecting plate 3 comprises a rear surface opposite the front face of the connecting plate 3, the rear surface 35 defining a rear face, respectively, of the front wall 33, a rear face of the first end portion 31 and a rear face of the second end portion 32, and wherein each of the rear face of the first end portion 31 and the rear face of the second end portion 32 comprises a zone 313, 323 flaring in the longitudinal direction from the rear face of the front wall 33;
  • each zone widening 313,323 forms an angle between 30° and 60° relative to the longitudinal direction;
  • each flaring area 313,323 is planar and is configured so that a plane perpendicular to it intercepts the corner formed between the first section 311,321 and the second section 312,322 of the corresponding recess;
  • the first building block 1 comprises a first passage 160, the second block 2 comprises a second passage 260, the first passage 160 and the second passage 260 being directed in the transverse direction and configured to receive a connecting bar, the position of the first passage 160 and the second passage 260 in the longitudinal direction being located at the rear and in the vicinity of the rear face of the first end portion 31 and the rear face of the second end portion 32, and preferably less than 3 cm from said rear faces;
  • the front face 34 of the connecting plate 3, the front face 12 of the first building block 1 and the front face 22 of the second building block 2 are continuous in the same plane;
  • the plane is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and to the transverse direction;
  • the front wall 33 has, in the longitudinal direction, a thickness identical to the thickness of at least one of the first wall 18 of the first building block 1 and the first wall 28 of the second building block 2;
  • the connecting plate 3 has a symmetry relative to a median plane comprising the longitudinal dimension and perpendicular to the transverse dimension;
  • the connecting plate 3 is a single-piece element made from a single material;
  • the connecting plate 3, the first building block 1 and the second building block 2 are made of concrete.

Suivant une possibilité le bloc élément de construction comprend :

  • une première paroi définissant une face avant et une deuxième paroi définissant une face arrière, les première et deuxième parois étant espacées selon une direction longitudinale ;
  • une troisième paroi et une quatrième paroi définissant respectivement un premier flanc et un deuxième flanc espacés selon une direction transversale, et reliant chacune les première et deuxième parois, et dans lequel des premières tranches de chacune des première, deuxième, troisième et quatrième parois définissent une face de base, et des deuxièmes tranches de chacune des première, deuxième, troisième et quatrième parois définissent une autre face, opposée à la face de base suivant une direction en hauteur.
Depending on the possibility, the building element block includes:
  • a first wall defining a front face and a second wall defining a rear face, the first and second walls being spaced apart in a longitudinal direction;
  • a third wall and a fourth wall respectively defining a first flank and a second flank spaced apart in a transverse direction, and each connecting the first and second walls, and in which first slices of each of the first, second, third and fourth walls define a base face, and second slices of each of the first, second, third and fourth walls define another face, opposite the base face in a height direction.

De préférence, la deuxième paroi définit une face arrière parallèle à la face avant et comporte une portion d'épaisseur linéairement croissante en direction de la face de base rejoignant la troisième et la quatrième parois et formant une face interne inclinée de la deuxième paroi, à l'opposé de la face arrière.Preferably, the second wall defines a rear face parallel to the front face and comprises a portion of linearly increasing thickness in the direction of the base face joining the third and fourth walls and forming an inclined internal face of the second wall, opposite the rear face.

A titre non limitatif, l'invention peut être réalisée à partir de béton, par exemple par moulage. Le béton peut présenter une armature conventionnelle. Avantageusement, les blocs et/ou les plaques sont monoblocs, chacun en un seul élément cohérent.Without limitation, the invention may be made from concrete, for example by molding. The concrete may have a conventional reinforcement. Advantageously, the blocks and/or plates are monobloc, each in a single coherent element.

On entend par « paroi », un élément tridimensionnel, l'élément tridimensionnel ne se situe pas forcément sur un même plan et peut être discontinu. Une paroi permet par exemple de définir une surface avant une surface arrière, encore une surface latérale.A "wall" is a three-dimensional element; the three-dimensional element is not necessarily located on the same plane and can be discontinuous. A wall, for example, allows you to define a front surface, a rear surface, or a side surface.

La figure 1 adopte une perspective à trois dimensions correspondant à trois directions privilégiées de l'invention. La dimension dans la profondeur de cette figure correspond à la direction longitudinale du système de l'invention. Une autre dimension correspond à la direction latérale ou transversale du système ; elle est de préférence orientée suivant la largeur de la composition murale à construire. C'est dans cette direction que les blocs et les plaques, décrits plus en détail ci-après, peuvent être juxtaposés pour former un niveau de construction. Enfin, la dernière dimension forme la hauteur du système ; c'est avantageusement suivant cette direction que l'on construit la hauteur de la composition murale ; on peut empiler des systèmes suivant cette direction.There figure 1 adopts a three-dimensional perspective corresponding to three preferred directions of the invention. The depth dimension of this figure corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the system of the invention. Another dimension corresponds to the lateral or transverse direction of the system; it is preferably oriented along the width of the wall composition to be constructed. It is in this direction that the blocks and plates, described in more detail below, can be juxtaposed to form a construction level. Finally, the last dimension forms the height of the system; it is advantageously along this direction that the height of the wall composition is constructed; systems can be stacked along this direction.

Comme le montre la figure 1, le système comprend au moins deux blocs 1, 2 espacés l'un de l'autre et raccordés par une plaque de raccordement 3.As shown in the figure 1 , the system comprises at least two blocks 1, 2 spaced from each other and connected by a connection plate 3.

Bien que cela ne soit pas indispensable, les blocs 1, 2 peuvent être identiques. On donne ci-après un exemple de formation de ces blocs.Although not essential, blocks 1, 2 can be identical. An example of how these blocks are formed is given below.

Le bloc de construction 1 présente une pluralité de faces pouvant notamment servir de surfaces de contact avec d'autres éléments ou avec le sol, ou servir de parties de façade. Ainsi, une face avant 12 est constituée au moyen d'une première paroi 18 référencée en vue de perspective sur la figure 1. La face avant 12 peut-être plane ou présenter un motif permettant de faire varier le décor de la façade murale. A l'opposé de la face avant 12, une face arrière 13 est également visible sur l'ensemble des figures et est portée par une deuxième paroi 19. Avantageusement, les première et deuxième parois 18, 19 sont parallèles entre elles. Comme le montre la figure 1, il est en outre avantageux que la deuxième paroi 19 présente une dimension en largeur inférieure à celle de la première paroi 18.The building block 1 has a plurality of faces which can in particular serve as contact surfaces with other elements or with the ground, or serve as facade parts. Thus, a front face 12 is formed by means of a first wall 18 referenced in perspective view on the figure 1 . The front face 12 may be flat or have a pattern allowing the decoration of the wall facade to be varied. Opposite the front face 12, a rear face 13 is also visible in all of the figures and is carried by a second wall 19. Advantageously, the first and second walls 18, 19 are parallel to each other. As shown in figure 1 , it is further advantageous for the second wall 19 to have a width dimension smaller than that of the first wall 18.

Les première et deuxième parois 18, 19 sont raccordées par deux autres parois, respectivement troisième paroi 110 et quatrième paroi 111. Ces dernières présentent une orientation privilégiée de préférence perpendiculaire à celle des première, deuxième parois 18, 19. Dans la configuration adoptée aux différentes figures, les parois 110, 111 sont dirigées suivant la hauteur du bloc de construction 1. Avantageusement, les troisième et quatrième parois 110, 111 sont parallèles entre elles. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, elles sont espacées suivant la direction transversale et définissent, avec les première et deuxième parois 18, 19, une ouverture traversant de part en part le bloc de construction 1. Cette zone peut être remblayée lors de la construction du mur. En outre, une configuration préférée est que l'espacement entre les troisième et quatrième parois 110, 111 soit inférieur à la dimension en largeur d'au moins l'une parmi la première paroi 18 et la deuxième paroi 19.The first and second walls 18, 19 are connected by two other walls, respectively third wall 110 and fourth wall 111. The latter have a preferred orientation preferably perpendicular to that of the first, second walls 18, 19. In the configuration adopted in the various figures, the walls 110, 111 are directed along the height of the building block 1. Advantageously, the third and fourth walls 110, 111 are parallel to each other. In the illustrated embodiment, they are spaced apart in the transverse direction and define, with the first and second walls 18, 19, an opening passing right through the building block 1. This area can be backfilled during construction. of the wall. Furthermore, a preferred configuration is that the spacing between the third and fourth walls 110, 111 is less than the width dimension of at least one of the first wall 18 and the second wall 19.

De préférence, une tranche de chacune des quatre parois 18, 19, 110 ,111 ainsi décrites définit une face de base 16 du bloc 1. Cet ensemble de premières tranches est préférentiellement coplanaire de sorte à définir une face de base 16 plane ; elle peut comprendre des zones en creux servant à l'imbrication avec d'autres éléments. Elle est en outre de préférence orientée perpendiculairement aux quatre parois 18, 19, 110, 111. La deuxième paroi 19 comporte une portion d'épaisseur linéairement croissante en direction de la face de base 16 rejoignant la troisième et la quatrième paroi 110, 111 et formant une face interne inclinée 191 de la deuxième paroi 19, à l'opposé de la face arrière 13. La face interne inclinée 191 permet alors de mieux répartir les efforts mécaniques exercés sur le bloc de construction 1. En effet, la portion d'épaisseur croissante permet de définir un espace intérieur au bloc 1 et présentant une forme de cavité s'ouvrant progressivement vers la face avant 12. Tout en formant cette cavité de section verticale variable, la résistance mécanique est élevée grâce à la section importante de la deuxième paroi 19 portant la face arrière 13 dans sa partie basale. En particulier, au niveau de la jonction entre la deuxième paroi 19 et les troisième et quatrième parois 110, 111, la quantité de matière est importante ce qui assure une bonne transmission des efforts. Par ailleurs, lorsque le bloc 1 de l'invention est superposé avec un bloc 1 similaire, et qu'il y a une propension du mur ainsi formé à basculer vers la face avant 12, la face inclinée 191 formée par la portion d'épaisseur croissante forme un élément de triangulation favorable à la résistance à la rupture de la deuxième paroi 19. La stabilité de l'ensemble est donc améliorée.Preferably, a slice of each of the four walls 18, 19, 110, 111 thus described defines a base face 16 of the block 1. This set of first slices is preferably coplanar so as to define a flat base face 16; it may include hollow zones used for nesting with other elements. It is further preferably oriented perpendicularly to the four walls 18, 19, 110, 111. The second wall 19 comprises a portion of linearly increasing thickness in the direction of the base face 16 joining the third and fourth walls 110, 111 and forming an inclined internal face 191 of the second wall 19, opposite the rear face 13. The inclined internal face 191 then makes it possible to better distribute the mechanical forces exerted on the building block 1. Indeed, the portion of increasing thickness makes it possible to define a space inside the block 1 and having a cavity shape opening progressively towards the front face 12. While forming this cavity of variable vertical section, the mechanical resistance is high thanks to the large section of the second wall 19 carrying the rear face 13 in its basal part. In particular, at the junction between the second wall 19 and the third and fourth walls 110, 111, the quantity of material is significant, which ensures good transmission of forces. Furthermore, when the block 1 of the invention is superimposed with a similar block 1, and there is a propensity of the wall thus formed to tilt towards the front face 12, the inclined face 191 formed by the portion of increasing thickness forms a triangulation element favorable to the resistance to breaking of the second wall 19. The stability of the assembly is therefore improved.

Un autre avantage de la portion de section linéairement croissante est d'offrir une surface favorable à la coopération tête-bêche de deux blocs 1 similaires superposés. En effet, on forme une face inclinée 191 pouvant servir de guidage d'insertion d'un bloc 1 superposé à un autre bloc 1 suivant une direction alors que la face inclinée 191 formée sur le bloc 1 superposé assure un guidage d'insertion suivant une direction perpendiculaire à la première. Les deux blocs 1 peuvent ainsi être imbriqués l'un dans l'autre de manière progressive, même si leur position de départ relative n'est pas précise.Another advantage of the linearly increasing section portion is to provide a surface favorable to the head-to-tail cooperation of two similar superimposed blocks 1. Indeed, an inclined face 191 is formed which can serve as a guide for inserting a block 1 superimposed on another block 1 in one direction while the inclined face 191 formed on the superimposed block 1 provides insertion guidance in a direction perpendicular to the first. The two blocks 1 can thus be nested one inside the other in a progressive manner, even if their relative starting position is not precise.

De plus, la portion d'épaisseur linéairement croissante est surmontée par une portion dite portion terminale, à l'opposé des troisième et quatrième parois 110,111, ladite portion terminale est caractérisée par une épaisseur constante. La portion terminale forme alors un cran, lequel peut servir à améliorer la coopération entre le bloc de construction 1 et un autre bloc de construction 1 possédant au moins un creux destiné à accueillir la portion terminale. Le creux est de préférence situé sur la face de base 16 et se manifeste sous la forme d'au moins une cannelure 161, creux et crans étant complémentaires. Par ailleurs, la limitation entre la portion d'épaisseur linéairement croissante et la portion terminale se situe à la même hauteur que l'extrémité supérieure de la face avant 12. La cannelure 161 est configurée pour autoriser l'insertion dans la cannelure 161 de la portion terminale d'un autre bloc 1. La portion terminale, quant à elle, s'étend au-delà de l'extrémité supérieure de la face avant 2 au niveau d'une autre face, opposé à la face de base 16 suivant la direction en hauteur. Cette autre face est formée par des deuxièmes tranches de chacune des première, deuxième, troisième et quatrième parois 18, 19, 110, 111. Ainsi, le point culminant du bloc de construction 1 est, au niveau de cette autre face, situé sur la deuxième paroi 19. Autrement dit, la face arrière 13 est surélevée. Grâce à ces dispositions, la deuxième paroi 19 peut coopérer avec un élément de butée en creux sur la face de base 16 d'un élément superposé, de sorte à retenir, dans une direction avant/arrière, l'empilement.In addition, the portion of linearly increasing thickness is surmounted by a portion called the terminal portion, opposite the third and fourth walls 110, 111, said terminal portion being characterized by a constant thickness. The terminal portion then forms a notch, which can serve to improve the cooperation between the building block 1 and another building block 1 having at least one hollow intended to receive the terminal portion. The hollow is preferably located on the base face 16 and is manifested in the form of at least one groove 161, hollow and notches being complementary. Furthermore, the limitation between the portion of linearly increasing thickness and the terminal portion is located at the same height as the upper end of the front face 12. The groove 161 is configured to allow the insertion into the groove 161 of the terminal portion of another block 1. The terminal portion, for its part, extends beyond the upper end of the front face 2 at the level of another face, opposite the face base 16 along the height direction. This other face is formed by second slices of each of the first, second, third and fourth walls 18, 19, 110, 111. Thus, the highest point of the building block 1 is, at this other face, located on the second wall 19. In other words, the rear face 13 is raised. Thanks to these arrangements, the second wall 19 can cooperate with a hollow stop element on the base face 16 of a superimposed element, so as to retain, in a front/rear direction, the stack.

Par ailleurs, la cannelure 161 peut être évasée en direction de la face de base 16. Grâce à cette forme, l'imbrication en superposition de deux éléments similaires peut être réalisée même si le positionnement relatif initial entre les deux blocs 1 n'est pas parfait, la partie évasée servant à guider progressivement la portion terminale dans la cannelure 161. Il est aussi très avantageux que le bloc de construction 1 comprenne plusieurs cannelures 161. En effet, cela permet de modifier le lieu de coopération de la portion terminale par rapport à un bloc de construction 1 superposé, de sorte à faire varier le fruit du mur à former. Par « fruit du mur », on entend l'obliquité de la face extérieure du mur. Les cannelures 161 peuvent s'étendre sur toute la longueur du bloc 1 selon la direction longitudinale ou peuvent s'étendre par exemple sur seulement la moitié de la longueur du bloc 1 selon la direction longitudinale. Ainsi il est facile d'obtenir de nombreuses configurations d'empilement différentes selon la position de la portion terminale dans l'une des cannelures 161 d'un autre bloc de construction 1. Les cannelures 161 peuvent se situer le long de la troisième et quatrième parois 110 et 111 sur la face de base 16, en plus d'être situées au niveau de la deuxième paroi 19 sur la face de base 16.Furthermore, the groove 161 may be flared towards the base face 16. Thanks to this shape, the overlapping nesting of two similar elements can be achieved even if the initial relative positioning between the two blocks 1 is not perfect, the flared part serving to gradually guide the terminal portion into the groove 161. It is also very advantageous for the building block 1 to comprise several grooves 161. Indeed, this makes it possible to modify the location of cooperation of the terminal portion relative to a superimposed building block 1, so as to vary the fruit of the wall to be formed. By "fruit of the wall", we mean the obliquity of the external face of the wall. The grooves 161 may extend over the entire length of the block 1 in the longitudinal direction or may extend for example over only half the length of the block 1 in the longitudinal direction. Thus it is easy to obtain many different stacking configurations depending on the position of the terminal portion in one of the grooves 161 of another building block 1. The grooves 161 may be located along the third and fourth walls 110 and 111 on the base face 16, in addition to being located at the second wall 19 on the base face 16.

L'autre face, ainsi constituée, présente un premier étage, dit étage avant, correspondant à une portion des deuxièmes tranches, notamment de la deuxième tranche de la première paroi 18, et un deuxième étage, dite étage arrière, correspondant à une portion des deuxièmes tranches, notamment de la deuxième tranche de la deuxième paroi 19. Le deuxième étage correspond à l'extrémité supérieure de la portion terminale. Le bord de raccordement 112 est de préférence droit. Il est avantageusement perpendiculaire aux deux étages.The other face, thus formed, has a first stage, called the front stage, corresponding to a portion of the second slices, in particular of the second slice of the first wall 18, and a second stage, called the rear stage, corresponding to a portion of the second slices, in particular of the second slice of the second wall 19. The second stage corresponds to the upper end of the terminal portion. The connecting edge 112 is preferably straight. It is advantageously perpendicular to the two stages.

L'autre face comporte un fond plan 150 défini par une portion des deuxièmes tranches, notamment des tranches des troisième et quatrième parois 110,111, le fond plan 150 étant relié, part un premier côté, à la face interne inclinée 191. Le fond plan 150 est relié par un deuxième côté au bord de raccordement 112.The other face comprises a flat bottom 150 defined by a portion of the second edges, in particular edges of the third and fourth walls 110, 111, the flat bottom 150 being connected, on a first side, to the inclined internal face 191. The flat bottom 150 is connected by a second side to the connecting edge 112.

Plus précisément, la troisième paroi 110 et la quatrième paroi 111 définissent respectivement un premier flanc 15 et un deuxième flanc 14 espacés selon une direction transversale, et reliant chacune les première et deuxième parois 18, 19. Une portion du premier flanc 15 et une portion du deuxième flanc 14 sont alors comprises dans le fond plan 150.More precisely, the third wall 110 and the fourth wall 111 respectively define a first flank 15 and a second flank 14 spaced apart in a transverse direction, and each connecting the first and second walls 18, 19. A portion of the first flank 15 and a portion of the second flank 14 are then included in the flat bottom 150.

De manière préférée, le fond plan 150 se situe à la moitié d'une dimension en hauteur de la face avant 12. Ainsi, lors de l'imbrication de deux blocs 1 superposés, la face de base 16 de l'un des blocs 1 se retrouve à un même niveau de hauteur que l'autre face de l'autre élément 1.Preferably, the flat bottom 150 is located at half a height dimension of the front face 12. Thus, when two superimposed blocks 1 are nested, the base face 16 of one of the blocks 1 is at the same height level as the other face of the other element 1.

Selon un exemple alternatif et non illustré par les figures, la portion terminale est absente du bloc, l'extrémité supérieure de la face avant 12 et l'extrémité supérieure de la face arrière 13 sont à la même hauteur. De plus, les cannelures 161 sont absentes selon ce mode de réalisation. Ainsi, pour permettre la coopération entre deux blocs 1 de construction, la face de base 16 du bloc 1 forme une surface plate, laquelle est en appui sur l'extrémité supérieure de la face avant 12 et l'extrémité supérieure de la face arrière 13 de l'autre élément 1, les deux extrémités supérieures étant à la même hauteur.According to an alternative example and not illustrated by the figures, the terminal portion is absent from the block, the upper end of the front face 12 and the upper end of the rear face 13 are at the same height. In addition, the grooves 161 are absent according to this embodiment. Thus, to enable cooperation between two building blocks 1, the base face 16 of the block 1 forms a flat surface, which rests on the upper end of the front face 12 and the upper end of the rear face 13 of the other element 1, the two upper ends being at the same height.

Comme le montre notamment la figure 2, le premier étage comprend une portion de la deuxième tranche de la deuxième paroi 19 définissant la face arrière 13 et une portion de la deuxième tranche des troisième et quatrième parois 110, 111. Quant au deuxième étage, il comprend une portion de la deuxième tranche de la première paroi 18 définissant la face avant 12 et une portion de la deuxième tranche, en surélévation, des troisième et quatrième parois 110, 111. De par cette disposition, la hauteur de la face arrière 13 est plus grande et de préférence égale au double de la hauteur de la face avant 12.As shown in particular by the figure 2 , the first stage comprises a portion of the second slice of the second wall 19 defining the rear face 13 and a portion of the second slice of the third and fourth walls 110, 111. As for the second stage, it comprises a portion of the second slice of the first wall 18 defining the front face 12 and a portion of the second slice, in elevation, of the third and fourth walls 110, 111. By this arrangement, the height of the rear face 13 is greater and preferably equal to twice the height of the front face 12.

On notera que le bloc est avantageusement symétrique suivant un plan dirigé selon la direction en hauteur et la direction longitudinale. On indique non limitativement les dimensions possibles suivantes :

  • largeur de la face avant : 1100 mm ;
  • largeur de la face arrière : 900 mm ;
  • épaisseur de la paroi 18 à ses extrémités latérales : 100 mm ;
  • épaisseur de la paroi 18 à son milieu : 120 mm ;
  • écartement entre la troisième paroi et la quatrième paroi : 200 mm ;
  • épaisseur des parois 110,111: 140 mm ;
  • rayon de courbure des congés de raccordement entre la troisième paroi 110 et la première paroi 18 et la deuxième paroi 19 : 50 mm ; un même rayon s'applique pour la quatrième paroi 111 avec les parois 18 et 19 ;
  • arrondi d'au moins un bord des tranches verticales d'au moins une paroi 18, 19 : 10 mm.
It should be noted that the block is advantageously symmetrical along a plane directed along the height direction and the longitudinal direction. The following possible dimensions are indicated without limitation:
  • front face width: 1100 mm;
  • rear face width: 900 mm;
  • wall thickness 18 at its lateral ends: 100 mm;
  • wall thickness 18 at its middle: 120 mm;
  • distance between the third wall and the fourth wall: 200 mm;
  • wall thickness 110,111: 140 mm;
  • radius of curvature of the connection fillets between the third wall 110 and the first wall 18 and the second wall 19: 50 mm; the same radius applies for the fourth wall 111 with the walls 18 and 19;
  • rounded at least one edge of the vertical slices of at least one wall 18, 19: 10 mm.

Ces dimensions s'entendent aux tolérances de fabrication près et peuvent être notamment chacune séparément ou en combinaison diminuées ou augmentées de 10%. Elles restent uniquement indicatives.These dimensions are subject to manufacturing tolerances and may be reduced or increased by 10% individually or in combination. They are for guidance only.

Dans les illustrations, le deuxième bloc de construction 2 est identique au premier. Il n'est pas ici décrit plus en détail. On notera qu'il n'est pas exclu que ces dimensions et/ou ses formes diffèrent de celles du premier bloc 1.In the illustrations, the second building block 2 is identical to the first. It is not described here in more detail. It should be noted that it is not excluded that its dimensions and/or its shapes differ from those of the first block 1.

Comme le montre la figure 1, le premier bloc 1 et le deuxième bloc 2 sont espacés mais raccordés par un composant de construction intermédiaire, sous forme de plaque de raccordement 3.As shown in the figure 1 , the first block 1 and the second block 2 are spaced apart but connected by an intermediate construction component, in the form of a connecting plate 3.

De manière avantageuse, la plaque de raccordement 3 est un élément monobloc s'étendant essentiellement suivant la dimension en hauteur, et de manière à produire une partie de la largeur du système. La dimension en longueur de la plaque 3 est inférieure à la dimension en hauteur et à la dimension en largeur ; de préférence, la dimension en longueur est au moins deux fois, de préférence au moins cinq fois moindre que la dimension en largeur. Par exemple, la plaque de raccordement 3 peut présenter une dimension en largeur supérieure ou égale à 1 m ; elle peut être réalisée à partir d'une paroi présentant une épaisseur comprise entre 0.1 et 0.15 m ; ainsi, compte tenu de la partie évasée décrite plus loin des parties d'extrémité 31,32, dans un mode de réalisation, la dimension longitudinale globale peut être comprise entre 0,2 et 0,3 m ; elle est de préférence inférieure à 0,25 m. De préférence, la dimension en hauteur est supérieure à deux fois la dimension longitudinale, et de préférence au moins trois fois.Advantageously, the connecting plate 3 is a single-piece element extending essentially along the height dimension, and so as to produce a part of the width of the system. The length dimension of the plate 3 is less than the height dimension and the width dimension; preferably, the length dimension is at least twice, preferably at least five times less than the width dimension. For example, the connecting plate 3 may have a width dimension greater than or equal to 1 m; it may be made from a wall having a thickness of between 0.1 and 0.15 m; thus, taking into account the flared portion described later of the end portions 31, 32, in a mode of embodiment, the overall longitudinal dimension may be between 0.2 and 0.3 m; it is preferably less than 0.25 m. Preferably, the height dimension is greater than twice the longitudinal dimension, and preferably at least three times.

Selon une possibilité, la dimension en largeur de la face avant 34 de la plaque de raccordement 3 est comprise entre 0.5 et 2 fois la dimension largeur d'au moins l'une parmi la face avant 12,22 des blocs 1, 2. Les largeurs peuvent être toutes identiques.According to one possibility, the width dimension of the front face 34 of the connecting plate 3 is between 0.5 and 2 times the width dimension of at least one of the front faces 12, 22 of the blocks 1, 2. The widths can all be identical.

De préférence, la surface de contact de la plaque de raccordement 3 sur le sol est uniquement formée par la tranche inférieure d'une paroi formant la plaque. Ainsi, la plaque de raccordement 3 est une paroi de matière rigide, plate et peu épaisse. Et, dans le cadre de l'invention, son épaisseur est dirigée suivant la direction longitudinale du système.Preferably, the contact surface of the connecting plate 3 on the ground is formed solely by the lower edge of a wall forming the plate. Thus, the connecting plate 3 is a wall of rigid, flat and thin material. And, within the framework of the invention, its thickness is directed along the longitudinal direction of the system.

La plaque de raccordement 3 sert d'élément intermédiaire entre le premier bloc 1 et le deuxième bloc 2 comme le montrent les figures 1 à 3. Elle est au contact, par des bords opposés, avec chacun des deux blocs 1,2. Elle comprend, comme le reflète la figure 1, une paroi frontale 33 formant la partie centrale de la plaque 3, et de préférence la majorité de la dimension en largeur de ladite plaque. De chaque côté, pour coopérer avec les blocs, la paroi frontale 33 est encadrée par des portions d'extrémité 31,32. La première portion d'extrémité 31 est configurée pour s'appliquer sur le premier bloc 1. De manière équivalente, la deuxième portion d'extrémité 32 est configurée pour s'appliquer sur le deuxième bloc 2.The connecting plate 3 serves as an intermediate element between the first block 1 and the second block 2 as shown in the figures 1 to 3 . It is in contact, by opposite edges, with each of the two blocks 1,2. It includes, as reflected in the figure 1 , a front wall 33 forming the central part of the plate 3, and preferably the majority of the width dimension of said plate. On each side, to cooperate with the blocks, the front wall 33 is framed by end portions 31, 32. The first end portion 31 is configured to be applied to the first block 1. Equivalently, the second end portion 32 is configured to be applied to the second block 2.

La face avant 34 de la plaque 3, définie par les zones 31,32, 33, est de préférence de même dimension en hauteur que les faces avant 12,22, des blocs. Toujours de préférence, les faces avant 34,12, 22 sont dans un même plan. Ce plan est avantageusement vertical.The front face 34 of the plate 3, defined by the zones 31, 32, 33, is preferably of the same height dimension as the front faces 12, 22 of the blocks. Still preferably, the front faces 34, 12, 22 are in the same plane. This plane is advantageously vertical.

La figure 2 donne une meilleure illustration de la surface arrière 35 de la plaque 3. Elle est formée pour partie par la face arrière de la paroi frontale 33 et pour partie par la face arrière de chacune des portions d'extrémité 31,32. La dimension en largeur de la plaque 3 est supérieure à l'écartement entre les premières parois 18,28 des blocs 1, 2 si bien qu'une partie de la plaque de raccordement 3 chevauche une partie de chacun des blocs 1, 2.There figure 2 gives a better illustration of the rear surface 35 of the plate 3. It is formed partly by the rear face of the front wall 33 and partly by the rear face of each of the end portions 31, 32. The width dimension of the plate 3 is greater than the spacing between the first walls 18, 28 of the blocks 1, 2 so that a part of the connecting plate 3 overlaps a part of each of the blocks 1, 2.

Plus précisément, la figure 3 donne une vue de dessus du système assemblé dans laquelle la première portion d'extrémité 31 comprend un premier pan 311 s'étendant à l'arrière de la première paroi 18 du premier bloc 1. Ainsi, le premier pan 311 (une situation identique s'opère pour le premier pan 321) s'applique à l'opposé de la face avant 12 dans une région de la surface arrière de la première paroi 18 où la quatrième paroi 111 n'est pas présente. Cette dernière est en retrait relativement à la surface d'application du premier pan 311, selon la direction transversale. Suivant un exemple, la dimension en largeur du premier pan 311 (et du premier pan 321) est au moins égale à la dimension en épaisseur de la paroi frontale 33.More precisely, the figure 3 gives a top view of the assembled system in which the first end portion 31 comprises a first panel 311 extending to the rear of the first wall 18 of the first block 1. Thus, the first panel 311 (an identical situation occurs for the first panel 321) is applied opposite the front face 12 in a region of the rear surface of the first wall 18 where the fourth wall 111 is not present. The latter is set back relative to the application surface of the first panel 311, in the transverse direction. According to one example, the width dimension of the first panel 311 (and of the first panel 321) is at least equal to the thickness dimension of the front wall 33.

On comprend que la coopération entre le premier pan 311 et la surface arrière de la paroi 18 assure une reprise d'efforts. En particulier, lorsque de la terre est remblayée au niveau de la surface arrière 35, elle tend à plaquer la plaque de raccordement 3 contre le premier bloc 1.It is understood that the cooperation between the first section 311 and the rear surface of the wall 18 ensures a recovery of forces. In particular, when earth is backfilled at the level of the rear surface 35, it tends to press the connection plate 3 against the first block 1.

Pour la deuxième portion d'extrémité 32, une situation similaire d'application d'efforts s'opère par l'intermédiaire d'un premier pan 321.For the second end portion 32, a similar situation of application of forces occurs via a first section 321.

De manière préférée, le calage de la plaque de raccordement 3 est complété par un deuxième pan 312 s'appliquant sur la tranche de la première paroi 18 du premier bloc 1 et par un deuxième pan 322 s'appliquant sur la tranche de la première paroi 28 du deuxième bloc 2. On comprend que, dans cette situation, les paires de pans 311,312 ; 321,322 définissent des retraits, ou angles rentrants, permettant de s'imbriquer avec des bords verticaux latéraux des parois 18,28 des blocs 1, 2. Dans cette configuration, les efforts appliqués sur la plaque de raccordement 3 sont repris, aussi bien selon la direction transversale que selon la direction longitudinale, lorsqu'une poussée s'exerce de l'arrière vers l'avant sur cette plaque. Cette dernière est donc bien calée lorsque de la terre est remblayée dans le volume défini par l'espace entre les deux blocs, à l'arrière de la surface arrière 35.Preferably, the wedging of the connecting plate 3 is completed by a second face 312 applied to the edge of the first wall 18 of the first block 1 and by a second face 322 applied to the edge of the first wall 28 of the second block 2. It is understood that, in this situation, the pairs of faces 311, 312; 321, 322 define recesses, or re-entrant angles, making it possible to interlock with lateral vertical edges of the walls 18, 28 of the blocks 1, 2. In this configuration, the forces applied to the connecting plate 3 are taken up, both in the transverse direction and in the longitudinal direction, when a thrust is exerted from the rear to the front on this plate. The latter is therefore well wedged when earth is backfilled in the volume defined by the space between the two blocks, at the rear of the rear surface 35.

De préférence, le retrait formé par les pans est à angle droit. De préférence, la forme des bordures correspondantes des parois 18 28 sont identiques. Au surplus, la dimension suivant la direction longitudinale des deuxièmes pan 312,322, est avantageusement identique à celle des premières parois 18,28 à ce niveau, c'est-à-dire essentiellement la dimension de la tranche de ces parois. Éventuellement, on peut caler de manière supplémentaire la plaque 3 au moyen d'une barre de liaison passant à l'arrière de la surface arrière 35. Le premier bloc 1 peut comporter un passage 160 et, de manière similaire, le deuxième bloc 2 peut présenter un deuxième passage de 160, les passages 160,260 étant dirigés suivant la direction transversale de manière à recevoir une barre de liaison. Un exemple de tels passages ressort des figures 2 et 3 avec une traversée des troisièmes et quatrièmes parois des blocs. De la sorte, une barre introduite dans les passages 160,260 forme une butée arrière pour la plaque 3. Cela évite un risque de déplacement à ce niveau, notamment avant le remblayage.Preferably, the recess formed by the panels is at right angles. Preferably, the shape of the corresponding edges of the walls 18, 28 are identical. In addition, the dimension in the longitudinal direction of the second panels 312, 322 is advantageously identical to that of the first walls 18, 28 at this level, that is to say essentially the dimension of the edge of these walls. Optionally, the plate 3 can be additionally wedged by means of a connecting bar passing at the rear of the rear surface 35. The first block 1 may comprise a passage 160 and, similarly, the second block 2 may have a second passage of 160, the passages 160, 260 being directed in the transverse direction so as to receive a connecting bar. An example of such passages is shown in figures 2 And 3 with a crossing of the third and fourth walls of the blocks. In this way, a bar introduced into the passages 160,260 forms a rear stop for the plate 3. This avoids a risk of displacement at this level, in particular before backfilling.

De préférence, la barre de liaison s'applique sur la surface arrière 35, en particulier au niveau de la première portion d'extrémité 31 et de la deuxième portion d'extrémité 32, ou, pour le moins, est située au voisinage de cette surface 35 de sorte que, si la plaque 3 bascule vers l'arrière, elle est retenue. La barre de liaison est avantageusement métallique, de préférence en acier.Preferably, the connecting bar is applied to the rear surface 35, in particular at the level of the first end portion 31 and the second end portion 32, or, at least, is located in the vicinity of this surface 35 so that, if the plate 3 tilts backwards, it is retained. The connecting bar is advantageously metallic, preferably steel.

La plaque 3 comporte, aux extrémités 31,32, une forme assurant le contact avec les blocs 1, 2 conduisant à un retrait vers l'arrière. Pour éviter que les formes engendrées à ces niveaux soient pénalisantes pour la résistance mécanique, la première portion d'extrémité 31, et de manière équivalente la deuxième portion d'extrémité 32, comprend une zone allant en s'évasant 313 au niveau de sa face arrière. Comme le montre la figure 3, la face arrière de la portion frontale 33 est avantageusement plane et dirigée dans la continuité de la surface arrière des parois 18,28.The plate 3 comprises, at the ends 31, 32, a shape ensuring contact with the blocks 1, 2 leading to a withdrawal towards the rear. To prevent the shapes generated at these levels from being detrimental to the mechanical resistance, the first end portion 31, and equivalently the second end portion 32, comprises a widening zone 313 at its rear face. As shown in figure 3 , the rear face of the front portion 33 is advantageously flat and directed in continuity with the rear surface of the walls 18, 28.

Avantageusement, ces portions partagent une même épaisseur. La première portion d'extrémité 31 comprend, à partir de la portion frontale 33, une zone allant en s'évasant 313 permettant d'accroître l'épaisseur, selon la dimension longitudinale, de la plaque 3 au voisinage de la zone de reprise d'efforts entre la plaque 3 et les blocs 1, 2. Dans l'exemple illustré, le profil de la zone 313 est linéaire, formant un plan oblique dirigé verticalement. Au-delà de cette zone 313, la portion d'extrémité 31 peut reprendre une forme telle qu'elle est parallèle à la face avant 34. On comprend que cette forme évasée augmente la quantité de matière au voisinage des retraits formés par les pans 311, 312 ; 321,322. De cette manière, les concentrations de contraintes sont amoindries.Advantageously, these portions share the same thickness. The first end portion 31 comprises, from the front portion 33, a zone 313 which flares out, making it possible to increase the thickness, along the longitudinal dimension, of the plate 3 in the vicinity of the stress absorption zone between the plate 3 and the blocks 1, 2. In the example illustrated, the profile of the zone 313 is linear, forming a vertically directed oblique plane. Beyond this zone 313, the end portion 31 can take on a shape such that it is parallel to the front face 34. It is understood that this flared shape increases the quantity of material in the vicinity of the recesses formed by the sides 311, 312; 321, 322. In this way, the stress concentrations are reduced.

Suivant une possibilité, le plan défini par chaque zone allant en s'évasant 313,323 présente une normale qui intercepte le coin du retrait formé par les pans 311, 312 ; 321,322 ; cette configuration est également favorable à la résistance de la plaque de raccordement 3 lors de l'exercice d'une poussée.According to one possibility, the plane defined by each widening zone 313,323 has a normal which intercepts the corner of the withdrawal formed by the sides 311, 312; 321,322; this configuration is also favorable to the resistance of the connecting plate 3 when exerting a thrust.

De préférence, le système est ici présenté ne comporte pas de surface de reprise d'efforts verticaux entre la plaque de raccordement 3 et les blocs 1, 2.Preferably, the system presented here does not include a surface for absorbing vertical forces between the connecting plate 3 and the blocks 1, 2.

On donne ci-après un exemple de dimensions pour la plaque de raccordement :

  • largeur totale comprise entre 1 et 1,5 m, de préférence 1,3 m ;
  • largeur de la face avant 34 : entre 0,9 et 1,3 m, de préférence 1,1 m ;
  • largeur de la face arrière de la paroi frontale (ses parents les bords inférieurs des deux zones allant en s'évasant 313,323 : entre 0,6 et 1 m, de préférence 0,8 m ;
  • épaisseur de la paroi frontale : entre 0,09 et 0,13 m, de préférence 0,11 m ;
  • épaisseur de la portion d'extrémité 31,32 à l'arrière de la première paroi 18,28 : entre 0,09 et 0,13 m, de préférence 0,11 m ;
  • dimension en largeur du premier pan 311,321 : supérieure à l'épaisseur de la portion d'extrémité indiquée ci-dessus, et de préférence inférieure à trois fois ladite épaisseur.
An example of dimensions for the connection plate is given below:
  • total width between 1 and 1.5 m, preferably 1.3 m;
  • front face width 34: between 0.9 and 1.3 m, preferably 1.1 m;
  • width of the rear face of the front wall (its parents the lower edges of the two zones going into flare 313,323: between 0.6 and 1 m, preferably 0.8 m;
  • front wall thickness: between 0.09 and 0.13 m, preferably 0.11 m;
  • thickness of the end portion 31,32 at the rear of the first wall 18,28: between 0.09 and 0.13 m, preferably 0.11 m;
  • width dimension of the first panel 311,321: greater than the thickness of the end portion indicated above, and preferably less than three times said thickness.

L'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisations précédemment décrits et s'étend à tous les modes de réalisation couverts par les revendications.The invention is not limited to the embodiments previously described and extends to all embodiments covered by the claims.

LISTE DES REFERENCESLIST OF REFERENCES

1.1.
Premier blocFirst block
12.12.
Face avantFront face
13.13.
Face arrièreBack side
14.14.
Deuxième flancSecond flank
15.15.
Premier flancFirst flank
16.16.
Face de baseBase face
161.161.
CannelureGroove
18.18.
Première paroiFirst wall
19.19.
Deuxième paroiSecond wall
191.191.
Face interne inclinéeInclined inner face
110.110.
Troisième paroiThird wall
111.111.
Quatrième paroiFourth wall
112.112.
Bord de raccordementConnecting edge
150.150.
Fond planBackground plan
160.160.
PassagePassage
2.2.
Premier blocFirst block
22.22.
Face avantFront face
23.23.
Face arrièreBack side
24.24.
Deuxième flancSecond flank
25.25.
Premier flancFirst flank
26.26.
Face de baseBase face
261.261.
CannelureGroove
28.28.
Première paroiFirst wall
29.29.
Deuxième paroiSecond wall
291.291.
Face interne inclinéeInclined inner face
210.210.
Troisième paroiThird wall
211.211.
Quatrième paroiFourth wall
212.212.
Bord de raccordementConnecting edge
250.250.
Fond platFlat bottom
260.260.
PassagePassage
3.3.
Plaque de raccordementConnection plate
31.31.
Première portion d'extrémitéFirst end portion
311.311.
Premier panFirst part
312.312.
Deuxième panSecond part
313.313.
Zone s'évasantFlaring area
32.32.
Deuxième portion d'extrémitéSecond end portion
321.321.
Premier panFirst part
322.322.
Deuxième panSecond part
323.323.
Zone s'évasantFlaring area
33.33.
Paroi frontaleFront wall
34.34.
Face avantFront face
35.35.
Surface arrièreBack surface

Claims (14)

  1. A building system comprising a first building block (1) and a second building block (2), each of the first building block (1) and the second building block (2) comprising:
    - a first wall (18, 28) defining a front face (12, 22) and a second wall (19, 29) defining a rear face (13, 23), the first wall and the second wall being spaced apart along a longitudinal direction,
    - a third wall (110.210) and a fourth wall (111.211) defining respectively a first flank (15.25) and a second flank (14.24) spaced apart along a transverse direction, and each connecting the first wall (18.28) and the second wall (19.29),
    which system which includes a connection plate (3) disposed between the first building block (1) and the second building block (2) along the transverse direction, the connection plate (3) comprising:
    - a frontal wall (33) at least partly defining a front face (34) of the connection plate (3), the front face (34) of the connection plate (3), the front face (12) of the first building block (1) and the front face (22) of the second building block (2) being parallel,
    - a first end portion (31) in contact with the first wall (18) of the first building block (1) and a second end portion (32) in contact with the first wall (28) of the second building block (2), and
    wherein the connecting plate (3) comprises a rear surface opposite to the front face of the connecting plate (3), the rear surface (35) defining a rear face, respectively, of the frontal wall (33), a rear face of the first end portion (31) and a rear face of the second end portion (32), and wherein each of the rear face of the first end portion (31) and the rear face of the second end portion (32) comprises a gradually flaring zone (313.323) along the longitudinal direction from the rear face of the frontal wall (33),
    characterised in that the first end portion (31) is in contact with a bearing surface of the first wall (18) of the first building block (1), opposite to the front face (12) of the first building block (1), and wherein the second end portion (32) is in contact with a bearing surface of the first wall (28) of the second building block (2), opposite to the front face (22) of the second building block (2),
    and in that the first building block (1) comprises a first passageway (160), the second block (2) comprises a second passageway (260), the first passageway (160) and the second passageway (260) being directed along the transverse direction and configured to receive a connecting bar, the position of the first passageway (160) and the second passageway (260) along the longitudinal direction being located rearwardly of and in the vicinity of the rear face of the first end portion (31) and the rear face of the second end portion (32).
  2. The system according to the preceding claim, wherein the first end portion (31) comprises a recess defined by a first section (311) in contact with the bearing surface of the first wall (18) of the first building block (1) and by a second section (312) in contact with the slice of the first wall (18) of the first building block (1), and wherein the second end portion (312) comprises a recess defined by a first section in contact with the bearing surface of the first wall (28) of the second building block (2) and by a second section in contact with the slice of the first wall (28) of the second building block (2).
  3. The system according to the preceding claim, wherein the first section (311.321) and the second section (312.322) of the recess of at least one of the first end portion (31) and the second end portion (32) form a right angle.
  4. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the position of the first passageway (160) and of the second passageway (260) along the longitudinal direction is located less than 3 cm from the rear face of the first end portion (31) and the rear face of the second end portion (32).
  5. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each gradually flaring zone (313.323) forms an angle between 30° and 60° relative to the longitudinal direction.
  6. The system according to any one of the preceding claims in combination with any one of claims 2 and 3, wherein each gradually flaring zone (313.323) is planar and configured so that a plane perpendicular thereto intersects the corner formed between the first section (311.321) and the second section (312.322) of the corresponding recess.
  7. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the front face (34) of the connection plate (3), the front face (12) of the first building block (1) and the front face (22) of the second building block (2) are in continuity in a same plane.
  8. The system according to the preceding claim, wherein the plane is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
  9. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the frontal wall (33) has, along the longitudinal direction, a thickness identical to the thickness of at least one of the first wall (18) of the first building block (1) and the first wall (28) of the second building block (2).
  10. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection plate (3) has a symmetry relative to a median plane comprising the longitudinal dimension and perpendicular to the transverse dimension.
  11. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection plate (3) is a one-piece element made of a single material.
  12. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection plate (3), the first building block (1) and the second building block (2) are of concrete.
  13. A retaining wall comprising at least one system according to any one of the preceding claims.
  14. The retaining wall according to the preceding claim, comprising backfill applied to the rear surface (35).
EP22830551.2A 2021-12-21 2022-12-06 Construction system Active EP4453340B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2114056A FR3130860B1 (en) 2021-12-21 2021-12-21 Building system
PCT/EP2022/084644 WO2023117413A1 (en) 2021-12-21 2022-12-06 Construction system

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EP4453340A1 EP4453340A1 (en) 2024-10-30
EP4453340C0 EP4453340C0 (en) 2025-09-03
EP4453340B1 true EP4453340B1 (en) 2025-09-03

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WO (1) WO2023117413A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2436832A1 (en) * 1974-07-31 1976-02-19 Robert Giesler Solid boundary wall concrete building component set - with parallelogram shaped slab wall components and grooved prism blocks for pillars
FR2567561A1 (en) * 1984-07-16 1986-01-17 Riondel Francois Method and prefabricated elements for the construction and foundation of enclosure walls
GB2324548B (en) * 1997-04-24 1999-03-10 Lisa Marie Coulthard Construction system, e.g. for wall or fence
CA2696981A1 (en) * 2007-06-11 2008-12-18 Habiterra Building Solutions Inc. Building block system
FR3096379B1 (en) * 2019-05-21 2022-12-02 Dominique Rossi building element

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FR3130860A1 (en) 2023-06-23
EP4453340C0 (en) 2025-09-03
FR3130860B1 (en) 2024-10-04
WO2023117413A1 (en) 2023-06-29

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