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EP4323120B1 - Separation of separation material in a centrifugal separator - Google Patents

Separation of separation material in a centrifugal separator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4323120B1
EP4323120B1 EP22723095.0A EP22723095A EP4323120B1 EP 4323120 B1 EP4323120 B1 EP 4323120B1 EP 22723095 A EP22723095 A EP 22723095A EP 4323120 B1 EP4323120 B1 EP 4323120B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
separated
force
conveying device
inlet
zks
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22723095.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP4323120A1 (en
EP4323120C0 (en
Inventor
Markus Bauer
Daniel Schwabl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Montanuniversitaet Leoben
Original Assignee
Montanuniversitaet Leoben
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority to RS20250844A priority Critical patent/RS67149B1/en
Priority to HRP20250988TT priority patent/HRP20250988T1/en
Publication of EP4323120A1 publication Critical patent/EP4323120A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4323120B1 publication Critical patent/EP4323120B1/en
Publication of EP4323120C0 publication Critical patent/EP4323120C0/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
    • B03B5/32—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions using centrifugal force
    • B03B5/34—Applications of hydrocyclones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B11/00—Feed or discharge devices integral with washing or wet-separating equipment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for separating material in a centrifugal force separator (ZKS) and a device for carrying out this method.
  • ZKS centrifugal force separator
  • ZKS enable the separation of particles based on their density relative to the density of a separation medium. Originally developed for coal processing, ZKS are now used for a wide variety of sorting tasks.
  • ZKS typically comprise cylindrical housings whose longitudinal axis is usually aligned at an angle, for example, between 20° and 40°, to the horizontal during operation.
  • Separation medium is usually introduced through an involute-shaped inlet in the housing shell in a lower region of the ZKS, creating a vortex flow with an air core along the longitudinal axis of the ZKS, and the separation medium exits through an involute-shaped outlet in the upper region of the housing shell.
  • the material to be separated is introduced through an inlet usually located centrally on an upper end face of the cylindrical housing.
  • Low-density particles float at the interface between the separation medium and the air core and are transported by gravity along the longitudinal axis of the ZKS to an outlet located centrally on the lower rear side of the cylindrical housing.
  • the particles contained in the material to be separated can thus be sorted according to their density in relation to the density of the separation medium.
  • CMSs are also known under the names dense media separators (DMS), cylindrical cyclone separators, dynamic separators, and the product names Dyna Whirlpool separators, TriFlo separators, and LAR-CODEMS (large coal dense media separators).
  • DMS dense media separators
  • Suitable CMSs are for example in the DE 198 47 229 A1 and in the WO 02/00352 A1 revealed.
  • CN 106 861 896 A discloses a centrifugal force separator, wherein a conveyor belt carries the material to be separated, which falls into the centrifugal force separator at the end of the conveyor belt due to gravity.
  • CN 109 701 732 A discloses a centrifuge on which a feed unit is arranged, wherein the feed unit has a screw conveyor which ends in front of the centrifuge.
  • JP 2014 230498 A discloses a tissue separator comprising a centrifugal force separator.
  • a first solution containing tissue markers is introduced from above through a first inlet opening, and a second liquid is introduced through a second lateral opening to generate a vortex in the conically tapered container.
  • CN 208 928 368 U discloses a conveyor system for conveying material to be separated to a centrifugal force separator. Particles fall from a discharge plate into the centrifugal force separator.
  • EP 0 876 847 A2 discloses a process for separating mixed plastics. A separation liquid is fed through a stirred tank.
  • An object of the present invention can be seen in alleviating or eliminating at least some of the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • An object of the present invention can also be seen in enabling an efficient separation process with high stability and high throughput for different types of material to be separated.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides a method for separating material to be separated in a centrifugal force separator (ZKS), wherein a separation medium is introduced into the ZKS in such a way that a vortex with an air core is generated inside the ZKS, wherein the material to be separated is introduced into the ZKS via at least one forced conveying device.
  • ZKS centrifugal force separator
  • Another embodiment of the invention provides a device for carrying out the method described above, the device comprising a ZKS with a separating material inlet for introducing separating material and a separating medium inlet for introducing a separating medium, wherein the device has at least one forced conveying device connected to the separating material inlet.
  • the material to be separated is typically introduced by gravity alone.
  • the particles slide from a funnel into a hose or pipe that opens into the centrifugal separator.
  • the material to be separated can be flushed in as a suspension.
  • At least one forced-feed conveyor is connected to the material to be separated inlet of the ZKS in such a way that forced conveyance of the material to be separated into the ZKS is enabled.
  • the forced-feed conveyor is advantageously flanged directly onto the material to be separated inlet of the ZKS.
  • a flange can be provided with a flat gasket, flexible sealing compound, or an O-ring, for example, and tightened to create a tight connection.
  • the forced-feed conveyor can be connected to the ZKS, for example, via a sleeve with sealing lips or, if the material to be separated inlet is designed as a pipe section (casing pipe), via an annular space seal or press-ring seal.
  • the forced-feed conveyor is connected to the material to be separated inlet via a compensator. This has the advantage that shrinkage, for example, can be absorbed and compensated.
  • the forced conveying device can, for example, be a pipe containing a rotating screw or spiral that ensures the forced conveying of the material to be separated. It is preferred if the material to be separated is introduced via a screw conveyor or spiral conveyor provided as a forced conveying device. According to a preferred embodiment, the forced conveying device is therefore a screw conveyor or a spiral conveyor.
  • the introduction via the forced conveying device via a drive unit is preferably steplessly is adjustable.
  • the forced conveying device therefore has a preferably continuously adjustable drive unit. This enables precise control of the material feed, thereby ensuring a high throughput without overloading the ZKS.
  • the separation process can be flexibly adapted to the type of material to be separated by regulating the conveying speed.
  • the forced conveying device is therefore preferably driven by a motor whose speed can be continuously adjusted.
  • the material to be separated is fed into the forced conveying device from a storage container equipped with an agitator.
  • the forced conveying device is therefore preferably connected to a storage container equipped with an agitator.
  • the agitator can reduce material bridges during feeding of the forced conveying device, further increasing the efficiency and stability of the material to be separated feed.
  • the material to be separated is introduced into the forced conveying device from a storage container with a discharge base.
  • the forced conveying device is therefore preferably connected to a storage container having a discharge base.
  • the discharge base is preferably a moving base, e.g., a screw discharge base.
  • the base of the storage container is formed at least partially, preferably entirely, by screws, which enables particularly uniform feeding of the forced conveying device.
  • the formation of material bridges can be particularly effectively reduced.
  • the flow of the material to be separated can also be varied within a wide range by changing the rotational speed of the screws.
  • the ZKS has a substantially cylindrical housing for accommodating the separation medium and the material to be separated. Therefore, the ZKS preferably has a housing with a front side and a rear side, which are connected via a substantially cylindrical housing shell. Front side and rear side can also be referred to as the cover and base of the central control unit.
  • Central control units (CCS) as used in the DE 198 47 229 A1 and the WO 02/00352 A1 are disclosed.
  • the ZKS preferably has at least one separating material inlet and at least one separating medium inlet.
  • the separating material inlet and the separating medium inlet are preferably separate inlets, and it is preferred that the separating material and the separating medium are introduced into the ZKS separately. Separation systems in which the separating material and the separating medium are introduced together are also known in the prior art. However, separate introduction has the advantage, among other things, that the flow of the separating medium is easier to control.
  • the material to be separated is introduced at the front of the ZKS.
  • the material to be separated be introduced substantially into the center of the front of the ZKS.
  • the material to be separated inlet is therefore preferably arranged at the front of the ZKS, in particular substantially centrally at the front of the ZKS.
  • the material to be separated is introduced essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the ZKS.
  • the longitudinal axis of the forced conveyor device is therefore preferably aligned essentially in line with the longitudinal axis of the ZKS.
  • the longitudinal axis of the forced conveyor device it is also possible for the longitudinal axis of the forced conveyor device to be aligned at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the ZKS, in particular if more than one forced conveyor device is connected to the ZKS.
  • the ZKS has a light material outlet, which is preferably arranged on the rear side of the ZKS opposite the front side, in particular essentially centrally on the rear side.
  • low-density material can thus migrate from a material to be separated inlet on the front side through an air column forming along the longitudinal axis of the ZKS to the light material outlet on the rear side of the ZKS, where it can be recovered as a light material fraction.
  • the separation medium inlet of the device according to the invention is preferably an involute-shaped inlet on the preferably substantially cylindrical housing shell of the ZKS. It is advantageous if the separation medium inlet is arranged on the housing shell adjacent to the rear of the ZKS, in particular if the separation medium inlet borders the rear of the ZKS.
  • the separation medium inlet is preferably arranged substantially tangentially to a substantially cylindrical housing shell of the ZKS.
  • the separation medium is preferably introduced through such a separation medium inlet.
  • the separation medium is therefore preferably introduced adjacent to the rear of the ZKS.
  • the separation medium is preferably introduced substantially tangentially to the envelope of the separation medium flow.
  • the material to be separated is introduced into the ZKS via at least one further forced conveyor device.
  • the device according to the invention therefore preferably has at least one further forced conveyor device connected to the material to be separated inlet. It is not absolutely necessary for the multiple forced conveyor devices to open into a single opening in the ZKS housing.
  • the material to be separated inlet can also comprise several adjacent openings, to each of which a forced conveyor device is connected. It is particularly preferred if the material to be separated is introduced into the ZKS via at least two, in particular at least three forced conveyor devices; or if the device according to the invention has at least two, in particular at least three forced conveyor devices connected to the material to be separated inlet.
  • forced conveyor devices allow even greater flexibility in the introduction of the material to be separated.
  • different material to be separated e.g. with regard to composition or size distribution
  • the forced conveyor devices can also be operated at different conveying speeds. This allows the conveyor speed to be adjusted to the material being separated, ensuring high throughput without overloading the ZKS.
  • the ratio in which the different separating materials are introduced into the ZKS can be adjusted to the material being separated, ensuring high throughput without overloading the ZKS.
  • the preferred embodiments described herein in connection with a single forced conveying device apply equally to each of the forced conveying devices of the methods and devices according to the invention, which relate to the use or presence of multiple forced conveying devices. Therefore, for example, in connection with the method and device according to the invention, it is preferred that at least one, particularly preferably each, of the forced conveying devices is a screw conveyor or a spiral conveyor. It is also preferred that at least one, particularly preferably each, of the forced conveying devices is connected to a storage container having a discharge bottom or an agitator.
  • the introduction via the forced conveyor devices takes place in different directions which deviate from the longitudinal axis of the ZKS.
  • the forced conveyor devices are arranged at an angle to one another.
  • the forced conveyor devices therefore each have a longitudinal axis, wherein the longitudinal axes are arranged at an angle to one another.
  • the longitudinal axis of one forced conveyor device is aligned substantially flush with the longitudinal axis of the ZKS, while the longitudinal axis of at least one further forced conveyor device is aligned at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the ZKS, preferably between 5° and 80°, even more preferably between 10° and 60°, in particular between 15° and 45°.
  • the introduction takes place via forced conveyor devices whose longitudinal axes are arranged at an angle between 10° and 120°, preferably between 20° and 100°, even more preferably between 30° and 80°, most preferably between 40° and 60° to one another.
  • the introduction takes place via at least three forced conveying devices, wherein the angle between the longitudinal axes of each pair of forced conveying devices is between 10° and 120°, preferably between 20° and 100°, even more preferably between 30° and 80°, most preferably is between 40° and 60°.
  • the angle between the longitudinal axes of the forced conveying devices is between 10° and 120°, preferably between 20° and 100°, even more preferably between 30° and 80°, most preferably between 40° and 60°.
  • the device has at least three forced conveying devices, wherein the angle between the longitudinal axes of each pair of forced conveying devices is between 10° and 120°, preferably between 20° and 100°, even more preferably between 30° and 80°, most preferably between 40° and 60°.
  • the described arrangements make it possible to operate several forced conveying devices simultaneously in an efficient manner and to introduce the material to be separated from each forced conveying device into the air column forming in the ZKS.
  • the method and device according to the invention are suitable for separating a wide variety of materials, for example minerals, coal, and waste of any kind, in particular post-consumer or post-industrial waste.
  • the use of the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous for plastic waste or old plastic. Due to their shape, volume, and low weight, waste, especially old plastic, very easily leads to blockages in ZKS as used in the prior art. In particular, flat particle collectives, e.g., plastic films, can easily become entangled and agglomerate.
  • the material to be separated therefore comprises plastics.
  • the method and device according to the invention are excellently suited for separating such materials, since the forced conveying prevents or significantly reduces blockages.
  • the proportion of plastics in the material to be separated is preferably at least 5 wt.%, preferably at least 10 wt.%, even more preferably at least 25 wt.%, even more preferably at least 50 wt.%, in particular at least 75 wt.%.
  • the proportion of plastics in the material to be separated can preferably be up to 90 wt.%, preferably up to 100 wt.%.
  • the plastics are preferably selected from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS), or mixtures thereof.
  • the plastics are preferably polyolefins, in particular PE and/or PP.
  • Polyolefins are particularly well-suited for plastics recycling in thermal-chemical conversion plants. It is therefore preferred if the proportion of polyolefins, in particular the proportion of PE and/or PP, in the material to be separated is at least 1 wt.%, preferably at least 5 wt.%, more preferably at least 10 wt.%, in particular at least 20 wt.%.
  • the material to be separated is moistened before being introduced into the ZKS. It has been shown that the use of wet or moist material to be separated can lead to a particularly efficient separation process, since the transfer of material from the air column into the separation medium can be facilitated. For example, the transfer of hydrophobic plastics contained in the material to be separated from the air core into water as the separation medium can be facilitated.
  • the material to be separated is preferably moistened with the same liquid that is also used as the separation medium.
  • the material to be separated introduced into the ZKS preferably contains at least 0.1 wt.% separation medium, preferably at least 0.5 wt.%, even more preferably at least 1 wt.%, in particular at least 5 wt.%.
  • the material to be separated introduced into the ZKS preferably contains less than 80 wt.% separation medium, preferably less than 50 wt.%, even more preferably less than 25 wt.%, in particular less than 15 wt.%.
  • the material to be separated introduced into the ZKS contains between 0.1 and 80 wt.% of separation medium, preferably between 0.2 and 50 wt.%, even more preferably between 0.5 and 25 wt.%, even more preferably between 1 and 20 wt.%, in particular between 5 and 15 wt.% of separation medium.
  • the material to be separated consists of a mixture of solid particles and liquids, in particular of oil and solids, for example metal chips.
  • Metal chips often have an oily, greasy coating, which is deposited on metal components and the resulting metal chips due to metal processing operations.
  • the centrifugal separator the Metal chips are separated from the oily coating and, so to speak, washed.
  • the heavier metal chips are transported along the inside of the ZKS housing shell by means of the separation medium to the separation medium outlet, while the separated oil is transported centrally to the light material outlet. Separation with water or aqueous solutions therefore also includes a washing effect.
  • separation of particles according to their density is required, but purely surface contaminants are to be washed away, for example, chips mixed with oil.
  • the separation medium preferably contains water; in particular, the separation medium consists of water, especially when the material to be separated comprises plastics, in particular polyolefins. Polyolefins with a lower density than water can thus be efficiently separated from other materials with a higher density.
  • the separation medium contains at least oil (e.g. in an emulsion), or preferably consists of oil.
  • the separation medium contains at least methanol, ethanol and/or isopropanol.
  • the separation medium can comprise aqueous solutions containing salts or suspensions (water with fine particles such as lime powder or ferrosilicon).
  • water/alcohol mixtures or oils can be used as separation media for the separation of materials with a density of less than 1 g/cm3.
  • the separation medium contains at least grease solvents, such as surfactants, in particular cationic, anionic, and/or amphoteric surfactants.
  • surfactants in particular cationic, anionic, and/or amphoteric surfactants.
  • oily deposits adhering to the material to be separated can be rinsed off or more effectively removed from the material to be separated.
  • the centrifugal force separator has a (cylindrical) housing with an end face, on which a separating material inlet is provided.
  • the housing is in particular inclined with respect to a base surface (for example at an angle of 20 to 70, in particular 45 degrees between the central axis of the cylindrical housing and the base plane) and the end face on which the material to be separated inlet is provided is the upper end face.
  • the forced conveying device is coupled to the end face in such a way that the material to be separated can be forcibly conveyed through the material to be separated inlet.
  • the material to be separated is thus guided through the material to be separated inlet at least as far as it enters the housing and is accordingly forcibly conveyed.
  • a forced conveying device is, for example, a screw conveyor whose conveyor screw extends as far as the material to be separated inlet or, for example, projects through the material to be separated inlet into the interior of the housing.
  • the forced conveying device has an outlet area from which the material to be separated can be forced into the housing.
  • the forced conveying device can have a cylindrical outer housing, inside which a conveying device, such as a screw conveyor, is arranged.
  • the outlet region is formed at a free end of the forced conveying device, wherein the forced conveying device is arranged such that the outlet region is present at the material to be separated inlet or within the housing.
  • the outlet area has an outlet opening on one end face at the free end of the forced conveying device.
  • the material to be separated can be discharged into the housing in the axial direction or in the conveying direction.
  • the outlet region has an outlet opening on a lateral surface of the forced conveying device.
  • the material to be separated can be discharged into the housing transversely to the axial direction or the conveying direction. Discharge transversely to the axial direction can have particular advantages during separation in that the material to be separated is already introduced with the introduction direction towards the edge of the housing, thus enabling rapid removal of the heavy fraction by means of the edge flow of the separation medium.
  • the material to be separated can primarily be introduced via the open front side of the screw conveyor or spiral conveyor, but introduction via the shell surface is also possible. Bores or longitudinal slots, or a sieve/perforated plate, for example, can be provided at the outlet opening in order to disperse the particles or the material to be separated more evenly and to avoid localized overloading due to larger agglomerates.
  • the outlet region of the forced conveying device is located inside the housing.
  • the forced conveying device is arranged displaceably relative to the housing such that a position of the outlet region inside the housing can be adjusted along the longitudinal axis of the (cylindrical) housing.
  • the forced conveying device has a longitudinal axis which runs through the separation material inlet, wherein the forced conveying device is displaceable along the longitudinal axis (central axis) relative to the (e.g., cylindrical) housing.
  • the forced conveying device can be displaced and the insertion depth of the forced conveying device into the housing is changed. This allows the residence time of the separation material, i.e., e.g., the particles, in the ZKS to be changed. This can be advantageous for certain separation tasks, for example, if the residence time is increased.
  • the device has a safety device which is designed to detect an inadmissible internal pressure of the centrifugal force separator and/or a malfunction of the forced conveying device, wherein the safety device is coupled to the drive unit in such a way that, if an impermissible internal pressure is detected in the centrifugal force separator and/or if there is a malfunction in the forced conveying device, the drive unit can be stopped.
  • the outlet area with outlet openings there, so that the material to be separated can be discharged into the housing at a desired position. This allows for precise separation to be predetermined and defined, since, for example, at the desired position at which the material to be separated leaves the forced conveying device, a predetermined path to the separation medium outlet for the heavy fraction and a light material outlet for the light fraction can be set.
  • overpressure can occur in the cylinder in the event of overload.
  • the overpressure or jamming can be measured via the rotation of the forced conveying system, its electric motor, or a pressure sensor, and an emergency stop can be initiated.
  • Fig. 1 shows a device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the device has a ZKS 1 with a cylindrical housing 4, in which one end face 2 and an opposite rear side 3 are connected to one another via a substantially cylindrical housing shell 4'.
  • the ZKS 1 further comprises a material to be separated inlet 5 arranged substantially centrally on the front side 2 and a light material outlet 6 arranged substantially centrally on the rear side.
  • the substantially cylindrical housing shell 4' has an involute-shaped separation medium inlet 7 adjacent to the rear side 3 of the ZKS and an involute-shaped separation medium outlet 8 adjacent to the front side 2 of the ZKS 1.
  • the device shown further comprises a forced conveying device 9 connected to the material to be separated inlet 5.
  • the longitudinal axis 10 of the ZKS 1 is aligned substantially flush with the longitudinal axis 11 of the forced conveying device 9.
  • the forced conveying device 9 is connected to a storage container 12 which has an agitator 13.
  • separation medium 14 is introduced into the separation medium inlet 7, preferably by a pump with adjustable speed (not shown), so that a vortex flow with an air core is generated along the longitudinal axis 10 of the ZKS 1 and the separation medium exits the ZKS again through the separation medium outlet 8.
  • the material to be separated is forcibly conveyed from the storage container 12 by the forced conveying device 9 into the separation material inlet 5 on the front side 2 of the ZKS 1 and is thus introduced essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis 10 of the ZKS 1.
  • Low-density material floats at the interface between the separation medium and the air core and is conveyed along the longitudinal axis 10 of the ZKS 1 to the light material outlet 6 on the rear side 3, where it exits as light material fraction 16.
  • the longitudinal axis 10 of the ZKS 1 is preferably aligned at an angle of 20° to 40° to the horizontal, so that the transport of low-density material from the separation material inlet 5 to the light material outlet 6 is ensured by gravity.
  • higher-density material passes from the air core into the separation medium, is pushed radially outward by centrifugal force, and leaves the ZKS 1 together with the separation medium through the separation medium outlet 8 as the heavy material fraction. 15.
  • the movement directions of the separation medium and the lower-density material to be separated are thus opposite.
  • the separation medium flows in a vortex path from the rear side 3 of the ZKS 1 toward the front side 2, whereas low-density particles move from the material to be separated inlet 5 on the front side 2 to the light material outlet 6 on the rear side 3 of the ZKS.
  • Fig. 2 shows a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the ZKS 1 essentially corresponds to the ZKS 1 of the Fig. 1 shown embodiment.
  • the embodiment shown has three forced conveying devices 9, 9', 9", which are connected to the material to be separated inlet 5 of the ZKS 1.
  • the longitudinal axes 11, 11', 11" of the forced conveying devices 9, 9', 9" are arranged at an angle to one another and to the longitudinal axis 10 of the ZKS.
  • the forced conveying devices 9, 9', 9" can in turn be connected to storage containers (not shown), preferably having agitators or discharge floors.
  • the forced conveying devices 9, 9', 9" can open into a common forced conveying section, in which a further forced conveying takes place, for example by means of a further forced conveying device (e.g. with a conveyor screw), so that the separating medium is forcibly guided into the interior of the housing 4.
  • the common forced conveying section can be designed with a further forced conveying device and can be designed according to the embodiments of the forced conveying device 9 from Figures 1 or 3 be trained.
  • the method according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention can be carried out essentially analogously to the method described above with respect to Fig. 1 described procedures.
  • the material to be separated is Fig. 2 shown embodiment via three separate forced conveying devices 9, 9', 9'' into the ZKS 1.
  • different separating material e.g. in terms of composition or size distribution, can be introduced via the separate forced conveying devices 9, 9', 9".
  • the forced conveying devices 9, 9', 9" can They can be operated at different conveying speeds, which are adapted to the respective material to be separated.
  • FIG 3 shows a forced conveying device 9, the outlet area 19 of which is located inside the housing 4 of the centrifugal force separator 1.
  • the centrifugal force separator 1 is similar to the embodiment of Figure 1 formed, wherein the forced conveying device 9 is arranged displaceably within the housing 4.
  • the centrifugal force separator 1 comprises, in particular, a cylindrical housing 4, which has an end face 2 along its longitudinal axis (central axis) 10, on which a material to be separated inlet 5 is provided.
  • the housing 4 is, in particular, inclined relative to a base plane 21 (for example, at an angle between the central axis of the cylindrical housing and the base plane 21 of 20 degrees to 70 degrees), and the end face 2, on which the material to be separated inlet 5 is provided, is the upper end face.
  • the forced conveying device 9 is coupled to the end face 2 in such a way that the material to be separated can be forced through the material to be separated inlet 5.
  • the material to be separated is thus guided through the material to be separated inlet 5 at least up to the inlet into the housing 4 and is accordingly forced conveyed.
  • the forced conveying device 9 has an outlet region 19, from which the material to be separated can be forced into the housing 4.
  • the forced conveying device 9 can have a cylindrical outer housing, in the interior of which a conveying device, such as a conveyor screw, is arranged.
  • the outlet region 19 is formed at a free end of the forced conveying device 9, wherein the forced conveying device 9 is arranged such that the outlet region 19, as in Fig. 3 shown, is present within the housing 4.
  • the outlet area 19 has an outlet opening 20 on a lateral surface of the forced conveying device 9.
  • the material to be separated can be discharged into the housing 4 transversely to the axial direction 11 or the conveying direction.
  • a discharge transversely to the axial/longitudinal direction 11 can be particularly advantageous in the separation in such a way that the material to be separated is already introduced in the direction of introduction towards the inner surface of the casing 4, thus enabling faster removal of the heavy fraction by means of the edge flow of the separation medium.
  • the outlet region 19 of the outlet opening 20 is thus located inside the housing 4.
  • the forced conveying device 9 is further arranged so as to be displaceable along the longitudinal axis 11 along a (particularly translational) direction of movement 18 relative to the housing 4, such that a position of the outlet region 19 inside the housing 4 can be adjusted along the longitudinal axis 11 of the cylindrical housing 4.
  • An outer tube (pipe section (casing tube)) of the forced conveying device 9 can be provided, for example, with a seal 17, e.g., a flat seal, flexible sealing compound, or an O-ring, and tightened, thereby achieving a tight connection.
  • the seal 17 can be formed, for example, via a sleeve with sealing lips or, if the material to be separated inlet is designed as a pipe section (casing tube), via an annular space seal or press-ring seal.

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  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Trennung von Trenngut in einem Zentrifugalkraftscheider (ZKS) sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for separating material in a centrifugal force separator (ZKS) and a device for carrying out this method.

ZKS ermöglichen die Trennung von Partikeln nach ihrer Dichte in Bezug zur Dichte eines Trennmediums. Ursprünglich für die Kohleaufbereitung entwickelt, kommen ZKS mittlerweile für Sortieraufgaben unterschiedlichster Art zum Einsatz.ZKS enable the separation of particles based on their density relative to the density of a separation medium. Originally developed for coal processing, ZKS are now used for a wide variety of sorting tasks.

ZKS umfassen typischerweise zylindrische Gehäuse, deren Längsachse im Betrieb meist winklig, beispielsweise zwischen 20° und 40°, zur Horizontalen ausgerichtet ist. Trennmedium wird üblicherweise durch einen evolventenförmigen Einlass im Gehäusemantel in einem unteren Bereich des ZKS eingeleitet, sodass eine Wirbelströmung mit einem Luftkern entlang der Längsachse des ZKS erzeugt wird und das Trennmedium durch einen evolventenförmigen Auslass im oberen Bereich des Gehäusemantels wieder austritt. Trenngut wird durch einen üblicherweise zentral an einer oberen Stirnseite des zylindrischen Gehäuses angeordneten Einlass eingebracht. Partikel mit geringer Dichte schwimmen an der Grenzfläche zwischen dem Trennmedium und dem Luftkern auf und werden durch die Schwerkraft entlang der Längsachse des ZKS zu einem zentral an der unteren Rückseite des zylindrischen Gehäuses angeordneten Auslass befördert. Partikel hoher Dichte sinken in das Trennmedium ab, werden durch die Zentrifugalkraft radial nach außen gedrückt und verlassen den ZKS durch einen Trennmediumauslass im oberen Bereich des Gehäuses. Die im Trenngut enthaltenen Partikel können so nach ihrer Dichte in Bezug zur Dichte des Trennmediums sortiert werden.ZKS typically comprise cylindrical housings whose longitudinal axis is usually aligned at an angle, for example, between 20° and 40°, to the horizontal during operation. Separation medium is usually introduced through an involute-shaped inlet in the housing shell in a lower region of the ZKS, creating a vortex flow with an air core along the longitudinal axis of the ZKS, and the separation medium exits through an involute-shaped outlet in the upper region of the housing shell. The material to be separated is introduced through an inlet usually located centrally on an upper end face of the cylindrical housing. Low-density particles float at the interface between the separation medium and the air core and are transported by gravity along the longitudinal axis of the ZKS to an outlet located centrally on the lower rear side of the cylindrical housing. High-density particles sink into the separation medium, are pushed radially outwards by centrifugal force, and exit the ZKS through a separation medium outlet in the upper region of the housing. The particles contained in the material to be separated can thus be sorted according to their density in relation to the density of the separation medium.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher ZKS bekannt. ZKS sind unter anderem auch unter den Bezeichnungen Schwertrübescheider (dense media separator, DMS), zylindrischer Zyklonscheider (cylindrical cyclone separator), dynamischer Scheider (engl. dynamic separator); bzw. unter den Produktbezeichnungen Dyna Whirlpool-Scheider, TriFlo-Scheider und LAR-CODEMS (large coal dense media separator) bekannt. Geeignete ZKS sind beispielsweise in der DE 198 47 229 A1 und in der WO 02/00352 A1 offenbart.A variety of different CMSs are known from the state of the art. CMSs are also known under the names dense media separators (DMS), cylindrical cyclone separators, dynamic separators, and the product names Dyna Whirlpool separators, TriFlo separators, and LAR-CODEMS (large coal dense media separators). Suitable CMSs are for example in the DE 198 47 229 A1 and in the WO 02/00352 A1 revealed.

CN 106 861 896 A offenbart einen Zentrifugalkraftscheider, wobei ein Förderband das Trenngut befördert, welches am Ende des Förderbands aufgrund der Schwerkraft in den Zentrifugalkraftscheider hineinfällt. CN 106 861 896 A discloses a centrifugal force separator, wherein a conveyor belt carries the material to be separated, which falls into the centrifugal force separator at the end of the conveyor belt due to gravity.

CN 109 701 732 A offenbart eine Zentrifuge, an der eine Zuführeinheit angeordnet ist, wobei die Zuführeinheit einen Schneckenförderer aufweist, welcher vor der Zentrifuge endet. CN 109 701 732 A discloses a centrifuge on which a feed unit is arranged, wherein the feed unit has a screw conveyor which ends in front of the centrifuge.

JP 2014 230498 A offenbart einen Gewebeseparator, der einen Zentrifugalkraftscheider aufweist. Darin wird einerseits von oben über eine erste Einlassöffnung eine erste Lösung mit Gewebezeichen eingeführt und über eine seitliche zweite Öffnung eine zweite Flüssigkeit eingeführt, um einen Wirbel in dem konisch zulaufenden Behälter zu generieren. JP 2014 230498 A discloses a tissue separator comprising a centrifugal force separator. A first solution containing tissue markers is introduced from above through a first inlet opening, and a second liquid is introduced through a second lateral opening to generate a vortex in the conically tapered container.

CN 208 928 368 U offenbart eine Fördereinrichtung zum Fördern von Trenngut zu einem Zentrifugalkraftscheider. Partikel fallen von einer Entladeplatte in den Zentrifugalkraftscheider hinein. CN 208 928 368 U discloses a conveyor system for conveying material to be separated to a centrifugal force separator. Particles fall from a discharge plate into the centrifugal force separator.

EP 0 876 847 A2 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Trennung von Mischkunststoffen. Eine Trennflüssigkeit wird über einen Rührbehälter zugeführt. EP 0 876 847 A2 discloses a process for separating mixed plastics. A separation liquid is fed through a stirred tank.

Viele aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte ZKS sind zwar grundsätzlich gut zur Trennung unterschiedlicher Materialien geeignet, sie weisen allerdings Nachteile auf, die die Effizienz und Stabilität des Trennprozesses beeinträchtigen. Insbesondere ist der Durchsatz des Trennverfahrens häufig nicht zufriedenstellend und Unterbrechungen können auftreten. Vielfach ist außerdem eine aufwendige Vorsortierung des Trennguts notwendig, was die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens zusätzlich beeinträchtigen kann.Although many state-of-the-art ZKSs are generally well-suited for separating different materials, they have disadvantages that impair the efficiency and stability of the separation process. In particular, the throughput of the separation process is often unsatisfactory, and interruptions can occur. In many cases, complex pre-sorting of the material to be separated is also necessary, which can further impair the economic viability of the process.

Eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung kann darin gesehen werden, zumindest einzelne Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu lindern bzw. zu beseitigen. Eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung kann auch darin gesehen werden, einen effizienten Trennprozess mit hoher Stabilität und hohem Durchsatz für unterschiedliche Arten von Trenngut zu ermöglichen.An object of the present invention can be seen in alleviating or eliminating at least some of the disadvantages of the prior art. An object of the present invention can also be seen in enabling an efficient separation process with high stability and high throughput for different types of material to be separated.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung stellt ein Verfahren zur Trennung von Trenngut in einem Zentrifugalkraftscheider (ZKS) zur Verfügung, wobei ein Trennmedium derart in den ZKS eingeleitet wird, dass ein Wirbel mit einem Luftkern im Inneren des ZKS erzeugt wird, wobei das Trenngut über mindestens eine Zwangsfördereinrichtung in den ZKS eingebracht wird.An embodiment of the invention provides a method for separating material to be separated in a centrifugal force separator (ZKS), wherein a separation medium is introduced into the ZKS in such a way that a vortex with an air core is generated inside the ZKS, wherein the material to be separated is introduced into the ZKS via at least one forced conveying device.

Ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung stellt eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des oben beschriebenen Verfahrens zur Verfügung, die Vorrichtung aufweisend einen ZKS mit einem Trennguteinlass zum Einbringen von Trenngut und einem Trennmediumeinlass zum Einleiten eines Trennmediums, wobei die Vorrichtung mindestens eine mit dem Trennguteinlass verbundene Zwangsfördereinrichtung aufweist.Another embodiment of the invention provides a device for carrying out the method described above, the device comprising a ZKS with a separating material inlet for introducing separating material and a separating medium inlet for introducing a separating medium, wherein the device has at least one forced conveying device connected to the separating material inlet.

In den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten ZKS erfolgt die Einbringung des Trennguts typischerweise alleine durch die Schwerkraft. Die Partikel rutschen beispielsweise von einem Trichter in einen Schlauch oder ein Rohr, welches in den ZKS mündet. Alternativ dazu ist auch das Einspülen des Trennguts als Suspension bekannt.In the state-of-the-art centrifugal separators, the material to be separated is typically introduced by gravity alone. For example, the particles slide from a funnel into a hose or pipe that opens into the centrifugal separator. Alternatively, the material to be separated can be flushed in as a suspension.

Im Zusammenhang mit Ausführungsbeispielen der vorliegenden Erfindung hat sich gezeigt, dass wesentliche Nachteile der bekannten Trennprozesse überwunden werden können, wenn das Trenngut in den ZKS zwangsgefördert wird. Diese Art der Materialeinbringung ermöglicht einen kontinuierlichen und steuerbaren Eintrag in den ZKS. Materialbrücken und Anbackungen können vermieden bzw. reduziert werden. Verstopfungen treten seltener auf, was den Wartungsaufwand reduziert und die Anlagenverfügbarkeit erhöht. Die kontinuierliche Materialzufuhr ermöglicht einen stabileren Trennprozess, wodurch eine hohe Trenneffizienz erreicht wird und hohe Durchsätze aufrechterhalten werden können. Die Zwangsförderung ermöglicht darüber hinaus eine bessere Flexibilität des Trennprozesses in Bezug auf heterogene Partikelkollektive, wodurch der Aufwand von Vorsortierungen des Trennguts reduziert wird.In connection with embodiments of the present invention, it has been shown that significant disadvantages of known separation processes can be overcome if the material to be separated is forced into the ZKS. This type of material introduction enables continuous and controllable entry into the ZKS. Material bridges and caking can be avoided or reduced. Blockages occur less frequently, which reduces maintenance effort and increases system availability. The continuous material feed enables a more stable separation process, thereby achieving high separation efficiency and maintaining high throughputs. Forced conveying also enables greater flexibility of the separation process with respect to heterogeneous particle collectives. which reduces the effort required for pre-sorting the material to be separated.

Um das Trenngut in den ZKS zwangszufördern, wird mindestens eine Zwangsfördereinrichtung derart mit dem Trennguteinlass des ZKS verbunden, dass eine Zwangsförderung des Trennguts in den ZKS ermöglicht wird. Vorteilhafterweise wird die Zwangsfördereinrichtung direkt am Trennguteinlass des ZKS angeflanscht. Ein Flansch kann beispielsweise mit einer Flachdichtung, flexibler Dichtmasse oder einem O-Ring versehen werden und angezogen werden, wodurch eine dichte Verbindung erreicht werden kann. Alternativ dazu kann die Zwangsfördereinrichtung beispielsweise über eine Manschette mit Dichtlippen oder bei Ausgestaltung des Trennguteinlasses als Rohrstück (Futterrohr) über eine Ringraumdichtung oder Pressringdichtung mit dem ZKS verbunden werden. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Zwangsfördereinrichtung über einen Kompensator mit dem Trennguteinlass verbunden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass beispielsweise Schwindungen absorbiert und ausgeglichen werden können.In order to force-feed the material to be separated into the ZKS, at least one forced-feed conveyor is connected to the material to be separated inlet of the ZKS in such a way that forced conveyance of the material to be separated into the ZKS is enabled. The forced-feed conveyor is advantageously flanged directly onto the material to be separated inlet of the ZKS. A flange can be provided with a flat gasket, flexible sealing compound, or an O-ring, for example, and tightened to create a tight connection. Alternatively, the forced-feed conveyor can be connected to the ZKS, for example, via a sleeve with sealing lips or, if the material to be separated inlet is designed as a pipe section (casing pipe), via an annular space seal or press-ring seal. In a preferred embodiment, the forced-feed conveyor is connected to the material to be separated inlet via a compensator. This has the advantage that shrinkage, for example, can be absorbed and compensated.

Im Weiteren werden zusätzliche vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens und der Vorrichtung gemäß exemplarischen Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung beschrieben.In the following, additional advantageous embodiments of the method and the device according to exemplary embodiments of the invention are described.

Jegliche Förderanlagen, die eine Zwangsförderung ermöglichen, sind im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung geeignet. Bei der Zwangsfördereinrichtung kann es sich beispielsweise um ein Rohr handeln, in welchem sich eine rotierende Schnecke oder Spirale befindet, die für die Zwangsförderung des Trennguts sorgt. Bevorzugt ist es, wenn das Trenngut über einen als Zwangsfördereinrichtung vorgesehenen Schneckenförderer oder Spiralförderer eingebracht wird. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform handelt es sich bei der Zwangsfördereinrichtung daher um einen Schneckenförderer oder einen Spiralförderer.Any conveying systems that enable forced conveying are suitable in connection with the method and device according to the invention. The forced conveying device can, for example, be a pipe containing a rotating screw or spiral that ensures the forced conveying of the material to be separated. It is preferred if the material to be separated is introduced via a screw conveyor or spiral conveyor provided as a forced conveying device. According to a preferred embodiment, the forced conveying device is therefore a screw conveyor or a spiral conveyor.

Im Zusammenhang mit Ausführungsbeispielen der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es günstig, wenn die Einbringung über die Zwangsfördereinrichtung über eine Antriebseinheit vorzugsweise stufenlos regelbar ist. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung weist die Zwangsfördereinrichtung daher eine vorzugsweise stufenlos regelbare Antriebseinheit auf. Dies ermöglicht eine präzise Steuerung der Materialzufuhr, wodurch ein hoher Durchsatz gewährleistet wird, ohne den ZKS zu überladen. Außerdem kann der Trennprozess durch Regelung der Fördergeschwindigkeit flexibel an die Art des Trennguts angepasst werden. Vorzugsweise wird die Zwangsfördereinrichtung daher von einem Motor angetrieben, dessen Drehzahl stufenlos geregelt werden kann.In connection with embodiments of the present invention, it is advantageous if the introduction via the forced conveying device via a drive unit is preferably steplessly is adjustable. In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the forced conveying device therefore has a preferably continuously adjustable drive unit. This enables precise control of the material feed, thereby ensuring a high throughput without overloading the ZKS. Furthermore, the separation process can be flexibly adapted to the type of material to be separated by regulating the conveying speed. The forced conveying device is therefore preferably driven by a motor whose speed can be continuously adjusted.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird das Trenngut von einem Vorlagebehälter mit einem Rührwerk in die Zwangsfördereinrichtung eingebracht. Die Zwangsfördereinrichtung ist daher vorzugsweise mit einem Vorlagebehälter aufweisend ein Rührwerk verbunden. Durch das Rührwerk können Materialbrücken bei der Beschickung der Zwangsfördereinrichtung reduziert werden, was die Effizienz und Stabilität des Trennguteintrags weiter erhöht.In a preferred embodiment, the material to be separated is fed into the forced conveying device from a storage container equipped with an agitator. The forced conveying device is therefore preferably connected to a storage container equipped with an agitator. The agitator can reduce material bridges during feeding of the forced conveying device, further increasing the efficiency and stability of the material to be separated feed.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird das Trenngut von einem Vorlagebehälter mit einem Austragsboden in die Zwangsfördereinrichtung eingebracht. Die Zwangsfördereinrichtung ist daher vorzugsweise mit einem Vorlagebehälter aufweisend einen Austragsboden verbunden. Der Austragsboden ist vorzugsweise ein bewegter Boden z.B. ein Schneckenaustragsboden. In dieser Ausführungsform wird der Boden des Vorlagebehälters zumindest teilweise, vorzugsweise vollständig, durch Schnecken gebildet, was eine besonders gleichmäßige Beschickung der Zwangsfördereinrichtung ermöglicht. Die Bildung von Materialbrücken kann besonders wirksam reduziert werden. Der Trenngutstrom kann außerdem durch die Veränderung der Drehgeschwindigkeit der Schnecken in einem breiten Bereich variiert werden.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the material to be separated is introduced into the forced conveying device from a storage container with a discharge base. The forced conveying device is therefore preferably connected to a storage container having a discharge base. The discharge base is preferably a moving base, e.g., a screw discharge base. In this embodiment, the base of the storage container is formed at least partially, preferably entirely, by screws, which enables particularly uniform feeding of the forced conveying device. The formation of material bridges can be particularly effectively reduced. The flow of the material to be separated can also be varied within a wide range by changing the rotational speed of the screws.

Im Rahmen von Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung ist es bevorzugt, wenn der ZKS ein im Wesentlichen zylindrisches Gehäuse zur Aufnahme des Trennmediums und des Trennguts aufweist. Vorzugsweise weist der ZKS daher ein Gehäuse mit einer Stirnseite und einer Rückseite auf, welche über einen im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Gehäusemantel verbunden sind. Stirnseite und Rückseite können auch als Deckel und Boden des ZKS bezeichnet werden. Besonders bevorzugt sind ZKS, wie sie in der DE 198 47 229 A1 und der WO 02/00352 A1 offenbart sind.Within the scope of exemplary embodiments of the invention, it is preferred if the ZKS has a substantially cylindrical housing for accommodating the separation medium and the material to be separated. Therefore, the ZKS preferably has a housing with a front side and a rear side, which are connected via a substantially cylindrical housing shell. Front side and rear side can also be referred to as the cover and base of the central control unit. Central control units (CCS) as used in the DE 198 47 229 A1 and the WO 02/00352 A1 are disclosed.

Vorzugsweise weist der ZKS zumindest einen Trennguteinlass und zumindest einen Trennmediumeinlass auf. Bei dem Trennguteinlass und dem Trennmediumeinlass handelt es sich vorzugsweise um separate Einlässe und es ist bevorzugt, dass Trenngut und Trennmedium getrennt voneinander in den ZKS eingebracht werden. Im Stand der Technik bekannt sind auch Trennsysteme, in welchen Trenngut und Trennmedium gemeinsam eingebracht werden. Die getrennte Einbringung hat allerdings unter anderem den Vorteil, dass die Strömung des Trennmediums einfacher zu kontrollieren ist.The ZKS preferably has at least one separating material inlet and at least one separating medium inlet. The separating material inlet and the separating medium inlet are preferably separate inlets, and it is preferred that the separating material and the separating medium are introduced into the ZKS separately. Separation systems in which the separating material and the separating medium are introduced together are also known in the prior art. However, separate introduction has the advantage, among other things, that the flow of the separating medium is easier to control.

Das Trenngut wird an der Stirnseite des ZKS eingebracht. Insbesondere ist es bevorzugt, dass das Trenngut im Wesentlichen ins Zentrum der Stirnseite des ZKS eingebracht wird. Der Trennguteinlass ist daher vorzugsweise stirnseitig am ZKS angeordnet, insbesondere im Wesentlichen zentral an der Stirnseite des ZKS.The material to be separated is introduced at the front of the ZKS. In particular, it is preferred that the material to be separated be introduced substantially into the center of the front of the ZKS. The material to be separated inlet is therefore preferably arranged at the front of the ZKS, in particular substantially centrally at the front of the ZKS.

Vorzugsweise wird das Trenngut im Wesentlichen in Richtung der Längsachse des ZKS eingebracht. Die Längsachse der Zwangsfördereinrichtung ist daher vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen fluchtend mit der Längsachse des ZKS ausgerichtet. Es ist allerdings auch möglich, dass die Längsachse der Zwangsfördereinrichtung winkelig zur Längsachse des ZKS ausgerichtet ist, insbesondere wenn mehr als eine Zwangsfördereinrichtung mit dem ZKS verbunden ist. Vorzugsweise weist der ZKS einen Leichtgutauslass auf, welcher vorzugsweise an der der Stirnseite gegenüberliegenden Rückseite des ZKS angeordnet ist, insbesondere im Wesentlichen zentral an der Rückseite. Während des Betriebs kann Material niedriger Dichte so von einem Trennguteinlass an der Stirnseite durch eine sich entlang der Längsachse des ZKS ausbildende Luftsäule zum Leichtgutauslass an der Rückseite des ZKS wandern, wo es als Leichtgutfraktion gewonnen werden kann.Preferably, the material to be separated is introduced essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the ZKS. The longitudinal axis of the forced conveyor device is therefore preferably aligned essentially in line with the longitudinal axis of the ZKS. However, it is also possible for the longitudinal axis of the forced conveyor device to be aligned at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the ZKS, in particular if more than one forced conveyor device is connected to the ZKS. Preferably, the ZKS has a light material outlet, which is preferably arranged on the rear side of the ZKS opposite the front side, in particular essentially centrally on the rear side. During operation, low-density material can thus migrate from a material to be separated inlet on the front side through an air column forming along the longitudinal axis of the ZKS to the light material outlet on the rear side of the ZKS, where it can be recovered as a light material fraction.

Vorzugsweise handelt es sich beim Trennmediumeinlass der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung um einen evolventenförmig ausgebildeten Einlass am vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Gehäusemantel des ZKS. Günstig ist es, wenn der Trennmediumeinlass am Gehäusemantel benachbart der Rückseite des ZKS angeordnet ist, insbesondere wenn der Trennmediumeinlass an die Rückseite des ZKS angrenzt. Vorzugsweise ist der Trennmediumeinlass im Wesentlichen in tangentialer Richtung zu einem im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Gehäusemantel des ZKS angeordnet. Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird das Trennmedium vorzugsweise durch einen solchen Trennmediumeinlass eingebracht. Vorzugsweise wird das Trennmedium daher benachbart der Rückseite des ZKS eingebracht. Vorzugsweise wird das Trennmedium im Wesentlichen tangential zur Einhüllenden der Trennmediumströmung eingebracht.The separation medium inlet of the device according to the invention is preferably an involute-shaped inlet on the preferably substantially cylindrical housing shell of the ZKS. It is advantageous if the separation medium inlet is arranged on the housing shell adjacent to the rear of the ZKS, in particular if the separation medium inlet borders the rear of the ZKS. The separation medium inlet is preferably arranged substantially tangentially to a substantially cylindrical housing shell of the ZKS. In the method according to the invention, the separation medium is preferably introduced through such a separation medium inlet. The separation medium is therefore preferably introduced adjacent to the rear of the ZKS. The separation medium is preferably introduced substantially tangentially to the envelope of the separation medium flow.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Trenngut über mindestens eine weitere Zwangsfördereinrichtung in den ZKS eingebracht. Vorzugsweise weist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung daher mindestens eine weitere mit dem Trennguteinlass verbundene Zwangsfördereinrichtung auf. Dabei ist es nicht zwingend notwendig, dass die mehreren Zwangsfördereinrichtungen in eine einzige Öffnung im Gehäuse des ZKS münden. Der Trennguteinlass kann auch mehrere benachbarte Öffnungen umfassen, an die jeweils eine Zwangsfördereinrichtung angeschlossen ist. Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn das Trenngut über mindestens zwei, insbesondere mindestens drei Zwangsfördereinrichtungen in den ZKS eingebracht wird; bzw. wenn die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mindestens zwei, insbesondere mindestens drei mit dem Trennguteinlass verbundene Zwangsfördereinrichtungen aufweist. Das Vorsehen mehrerer Zwangsfördereinrichtungen ermöglicht eine noch größere Flexibilität bei der Einbringung des Trennguts. Vorteilhafterweise kann unterschiedliches Trenngut, z.B. in Bezug auf die Zusammensetzung oder die Größenverteilung, über separate Zwangsfördereinrichtungen eingebracht werden. Die Zwangsfördereinrichtungen können darüber hinaus mit voneinander abweichenden Fördergeschwindigkeiten betrieben werden. So kann die Fördergeschwindigkeit an das jeweilige Trenngut angepasst werden und ein hoher Durchsatz kann gewährleistet werden, ohne den ZKS zu überladen. Zusätzlich kann das Verhältnis, in welchem die unterschiedlichen Trenngüter in den ZKS eingebracht werden, geregelt werden.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the material to be separated is introduced into the ZKS via at least one further forced conveyor device. The device according to the invention therefore preferably has at least one further forced conveyor device connected to the material to be separated inlet. It is not absolutely necessary for the multiple forced conveyor devices to open into a single opening in the ZKS housing. The material to be separated inlet can also comprise several adjacent openings, to each of which a forced conveyor device is connected. It is particularly preferred if the material to be separated is introduced into the ZKS via at least two, in particular at least three forced conveyor devices; or if the device according to the invention has at least two, in particular at least three forced conveyor devices connected to the material to be separated inlet. The provision of several forced conveyor devices allows even greater flexibility in the introduction of the material to be separated. Advantageously, different material to be separated, e.g. with regard to composition or size distribution, can be introduced via separate forced conveyor devices. The forced conveyor devices can also be operated at different conveying speeds. This allows the conveyor speed to be adjusted to the material being separated, ensuring high throughput without overloading the ZKS. In addition, the ratio in which the different separating materials are introduced into the ZKS.

Die hierin im Zusammenhang mit einer einzelnen Zwangsfördereinrichtung beschriebenen bevorzugten Ausführungsformen gelten in gleichem Maße für jede der Zwangsfördereinrichtungen der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und Vorrichtungen, welche die Benutzung bzw. das Vorliegen mehrerer Zwangsfördereinrichtungen betreffen. Es ist daher beispielsweise im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bevorzugt, dass mindestens eine, insbesondere bevorzugt jede, der Zwangsfördereinrichtungen ein Schneckenförderer oder ein Spiralförderer ist. Es ist ebenfalls bevorzugt, dass zumindest eine, insbesondere bevorzugt jede, der Zwangsfördereinrichtungen mit einem Vorlagebehälter aufweisend einen Austragsboden oder ein Rührwerk verbunden ist.The preferred embodiments described herein in connection with a single forced conveying device apply equally to each of the forced conveying devices of the methods and devices according to the invention, which relate to the use or presence of multiple forced conveying devices. Therefore, for example, in connection with the method and device according to the invention, it is preferred that at least one, particularly preferably each, of the forced conveying devices is a screw conveyor or a spiral conveyor. It is also preferred that at least one, particularly preferably each, of the forced conveying devices is connected to a storage container having a discharge bottom or an agitator.

Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Einbringung über die Zwangsfördereinrichtungen in unterschiedlichen Richtungen, welche von der Längsachse des ZKS abweichen. In Bezug auf die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist es daher bevorzugt, wenn die Zwangsfördereinrichtungen winkelig zueinander angeordnet sind. Vorzugsweise weisen die Zwangsfördereinrichtungen daher jeweils eine Längsachse auf, wobei die Längsachsen in einem Winkel zueinander angeordnet sind. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Längsachse einer Zwangsfördereinrichtung im Wesentlichen fluchtend mit der Längsachse des ZKS ausgerichtet, während die Längsachse mindestens einer weiteren Zwangsfördereinrichtung in einem Winkel zur Längsachse des ZKS ausgerichtet ist, bevorzugt zwischen 5° und 80°, noch mehr bevorzugt zwischen 10° und 60°, insbesondere zwischen 15° und 45°. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform erfolgt die Einbringung über Zwangsfördereinrichtungen, deren Längsachsen in einem Winkel zwischen 10° und 120°, bevorzugt zwischen 20° und 100°, noch mehr bevorzugt zwischen 30° und 80°, am meisten bevorzugt zwischen 40° und 60° zueinander angeordnet sind. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Einbringung über mindestens drei Zwangsfördereinrichtungen, wobei der Winkel zwischen den Längsachsen jedes Paares der Zwangsförderungseinrichtungen zwischen 10° und 120°, bevorzugt zwischen 20° und 100°, noch mehr bevorzugt zwischen 30° und 80°, am meisten bevorzugt zwischen 40° und 60° beträgt. Im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist es ebenfalls bevorzugt, wenn der Winkel zwischen den Längsachsen der Zwangsfördereinrichtungen zwischen 10° und 120°, bevorzugt zwischen 20° und 100°, noch mehr bevorzugt zwischen 30° und 80°, am meisten bevorzugt zwischen 40° und 60° beträgt. Vorzugsweise weist die Vorrichtung mindestens drei Zwangsfördereinrichtungen auf, wobei der Winkel zwischen den Längsachsen jedes Paares der Zwangsförderungseinrichtungen zwischen 10° und 120°, bevorzugt zwischen 20° und 100°, noch mehr bevorzugt zwischen 30° und 80°, am meisten bevorzugt zwischen 40° und 60° beträgt. Die beschriebenen Anordnungen ermöglichen es, mehrere Zwangsfördereinrichtungen auf effiziente Art und Weise gleichzeitig zu betreiben und das Trenngut von jeder Zwangsfördereinrichtung in die sich im ZKS ausbildende Luftsäule einzutragen.Preferably, the introduction via the forced conveyor devices takes place in different directions which deviate from the longitudinal axis of the ZKS. With regard to the device according to the invention, it is therefore preferred if the forced conveyor devices are arranged at an angle to one another. Preferably, the forced conveyor devices therefore each have a longitudinal axis, wherein the longitudinal axes are arranged at an angle to one another. In a preferred embodiment, the longitudinal axis of one forced conveyor device is aligned substantially flush with the longitudinal axis of the ZKS, while the longitudinal axis of at least one further forced conveyor device is aligned at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the ZKS, preferably between 5° and 80°, even more preferably between 10° and 60°, in particular between 15° and 45°. In a preferred embodiment, the introduction takes place via forced conveyor devices whose longitudinal axes are arranged at an angle between 10° and 120°, preferably between 20° and 100°, even more preferably between 30° and 80°, most preferably between 40° and 60° to one another. Preferably, the introduction takes place via at least three forced conveying devices, wherein the angle between the longitudinal axes of each pair of forced conveying devices is between 10° and 120°, preferably between 20° and 100°, even more preferably between 30° and 80°, most preferably is between 40° and 60°. In connection with the device according to the invention, it is also preferred if the angle between the longitudinal axes of the forced conveying devices is between 10° and 120°, preferably between 20° and 100°, even more preferably between 30° and 80°, most preferably between 40° and 60°. Preferably, the device has at least three forced conveying devices, wherein the angle between the longitudinal axes of each pair of forced conveying devices is between 10° and 120°, preferably between 20° and 100°, even more preferably between 30° and 80°, most preferably between 40° and 60°. The described arrangements make it possible to operate several forced conveying devices simultaneously in an efficient manner and to introduce the material to be separated from each forced conveying device into the air column forming in the ZKS.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung sind für die Trennung unterschiedlichster Arten von Trenngut, beispielsweise von Mineralien, Kohle und Abfällen jeglicher Art, insbesondere post-consumer Abfall oder postindustrieller Abfall, geeignet. Besonders vorteilhaft ist der Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens für Kunststoffabfälle, bzw. Altplastik. Abfälle, insbesondere Altplastik, führen aufgrund ihrer Form, ihres Volumens und geringen Gewichtes sehr leicht zu Blockaden in ZKS, wie sie im Stand der Technik eingesetzt werden. Insbesondere flächige Partikelkollektive, z.B. Plastikfolien, können sich leicht verhaken und agglomerieren. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das Trenngut daher Kunststoffe. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung sind hervorragend für die Trennung derartiger Materialien geeignet, da die Zwangsförderung Blockaden verhindert, bzw. erheblich reduziert.The method and device according to the invention are suitable for separating a wide variety of materials, for example minerals, coal, and waste of any kind, in particular post-consumer or post-industrial waste. The use of the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous for plastic waste or old plastic. Due to their shape, volume, and low weight, waste, especially old plastic, very easily leads to blockages in ZKS as used in the prior art. In particular, flat particle collectives, e.g., plastic films, can easily become entangled and agglomerate. In a preferred embodiment, the material to be separated therefore comprises plastics. The method and device according to the invention are excellently suited for separating such materials, since the forced conveying prevents or significantly reduces blockages.

Vorzugsweise beträgt der Anteil von Kunststoffen am Trenngut mindestens 5 Gew.-%, bevorzugt mindestens 10 Gew.-%, noch mehr bevorzugt mindestens 25 Gew.-%, noch mehr bevorzugt mindestens 50 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 75 Gew.-%. Der Anteil von Kunststoffen am Trenngut kann vorzugsweise bis zu 90 Gew.-%, bevorzugt bis zu 100 Gew.-% betragen. Die Kunststoffe sind vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus Polyethylen (PE), Polypropylen (PP), Polyvinylchlorid (PVC), Polyethylenterephthalat (PET) und Polystyrol (PS), oder Mischungen derselben. Vorzugsweise sind die Kunststoffe Polyolefine, insbesondere PE und/oder PP. Polyolefine eignen sich besonders gut für das Kunststoffrecycling in thermisch-chemischen Konversionsanlangen. Es ist daher bevorzugt, wenn der Anteil an Polyolefinen, insbesondere der Anteil an PE und/oder PP, am Trenngut mindestens 1 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mindestens 5 Gew.-%, mehr bevorzugt mindestens 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 20 Gew.-% beträgt.The proportion of plastics in the material to be separated is preferably at least 5 wt.%, preferably at least 10 wt.%, even more preferably at least 25 wt.%, even more preferably at least 50 wt.%, in particular at least 75 wt.%. The proportion of plastics in the material to be separated can preferably be up to 90 wt.%, preferably up to 100 wt.%. The plastics are preferably selected from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS), or mixtures thereof. The plastics are preferably polyolefins, in particular PE and/or PP. Polyolefins are particularly well-suited for plastics recycling in thermal-chemical conversion plants. It is therefore preferred if the proportion of polyolefins, in particular the proportion of PE and/or PP, in the material to be separated is at least 1 wt.%, preferably at least 5 wt.%, more preferably at least 10 wt.%, in particular at least 20 wt.%.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das Trenngut vor dem Einbringen in den ZKS angefeuchtet. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass der Einsatz von nassem bzw. feuchtem Trenngut zu einem besonders effizienten Trennprozess führen kann, da der Übertritt von Material von der Luftsäule ins Trennmedium erleichtert werden kann. Beispielsweise kann so der Übertritt von im Trenngut enthaltenen hydrophoben Kunststoffen vom Luftkern in Wasser als Trennmedium erleichtert werden. Das Trenngut wird dabei vorzugsweise mit derselben Flüssigkeit angefeuchtet, welche auch als Trennmedium eingesetzt wird. Vorzugsweise enthält das in den ZKS eingebrachte Trenngut mindestens 0,1 Gew.-% Trennmedium, bevorzugt mindestens 0,5 Gew.-%, noch mehr bevorzugt mindestens 1 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 5 Gew.-%. Vorzugsweise enthält das in den ZKS eingebrachte Trenngut allerdings weniger als 80 Gew.-% Trennmedium, bevorzugt weniger als 50 Gew.-%, noch mehr bevorzugt weniger als 25 Gew.-%, insbesondere weniger als 15 Gew.-%. Vorzugsweise enthält das in den ZKS eingebrachte Trenngut zwischen 0,1 und 80 Gew.-% Trennmedium, bevorzugt zwischen 0,2 und 50 Gew.-%, noch mehr bevorzugt zwischen 0,5 und 25 Gew.-%, noch mehr bevorzugt zwischen 1 und 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere zwischen 5 und 15 Gew.-% Trennmedium.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the material to be separated is moistened before being introduced into the ZKS. It has been shown that the use of wet or moist material to be separated can lead to a particularly efficient separation process, since the transfer of material from the air column into the separation medium can be facilitated. For example, the transfer of hydrophobic plastics contained in the material to be separated from the air core into water as the separation medium can be facilitated. The material to be separated is preferably moistened with the same liquid that is also used as the separation medium. The material to be separated introduced into the ZKS preferably contains at least 0.1 wt.% separation medium, preferably at least 0.5 wt.%, even more preferably at least 1 wt.%, in particular at least 5 wt.%. However, the material to be separated introduced into the ZKS preferably contains less than 80 wt.% separation medium, preferably less than 50 wt.%, even more preferably less than 25 wt.%, in particular less than 15 wt.%. Preferably, the material to be separated introduced into the ZKS contains between 0.1 and 80 wt.% of separation medium, preferably between 0.2 and 50 wt.%, even more preferably between 0.5 and 25 wt.%, even more preferably between 1 and 20 wt.%, in particular between 5 and 15 wt.% of separation medium.

Gemäß einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform besteht das Trenngut aus einer Mischung aus Feststoffpartikeln und Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere aus Öl und Feststoffen, beispielsweise Metallspäne. Metallspäne weisen oftmals einen ölhaltigen schmierigen Belag auf, welcher aufgrund von Metallverarbeitungsvorgängen auf Metallbauteilen und entsprechend daraus entstehende Metallspänen aufgetragen ist. In dem Zentrifugalscheider werden die Metallspäne von dem ölhaltigen Belag getrennt und sozusagen gewaschen. Die schwereren Metallspäne werden entlang der Innenseite des Gehäusemantels des ZKS mittels des Trennmediums zu dem Trennmediumauslass und das abgeschiedene Öl zentral zu dem Leichtgutauslass befördert. Es ist bei der Trennung mit Wasser oder wässrigen Lösungen somit auch ein Wascheffekt inkludiert. Es gibt auch Anwendungen, wo nicht nur die Trennung der Partikel nach ihrer Dichte, sondern rein oberflächliche Verunreinigungen abgewaschen werden sollen z.B. Späne, die mit Öl versetzt sind.According to a further exemplary embodiment, the material to be separated consists of a mixture of solid particles and liquids, in particular of oil and solids, for example metal chips. Metal chips often have an oily, greasy coating, which is deposited on metal components and the resulting metal chips due to metal processing operations. In the centrifugal separator, the Metal chips are separated from the oily coating and, so to speak, washed. The heavier metal chips are transported along the inside of the ZKS housing shell by means of the separation medium to the separation medium outlet, while the separated oil is transported centrally to the light material outlet. Separation with water or aqueous solutions therefore also includes a washing effect. There are also applications where not only the separation of particles according to their density is required, but purely surface contaminants are to be washed away, for example, chips mixed with oil.

Im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren enthält das Trennmedium vorzugsweise Wasser, insbesondere besteht das Trennmedium aus Wasser vor allem wenn das Trenngut Kunststoffe, insbesondere Polyolefine, aufweist. Polyolefine mit geringerer Dichte als Wasser können so effizient von anderen Materialien mit höherer Dichte abgetrennt werden.In the context of the process according to the invention, the separation medium preferably contains water; in particular, the separation medium consists of water, especially when the material to be separated comprises plastics, in particular polyolefins. Polyolefins with a lower density than water can thus be efficiently separated from other materials with a higher density.

Gemäß einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform enthält das Trennmedium zumindest Öl (z.B. in einer Emulsion), bzw. besteht vorzugsweise aus Öl.According to a further exemplary embodiment, the separation medium contains at least oil (e.g. in an emulsion), or preferably consists of oil.

Gemäß einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform enthält das Trennmedium zumindest Methanol, Ethanol und/oder Isopropanol.According to a further exemplary embodiment, the separation medium contains at least methanol, ethanol and/or isopropanol.

Entsprechend kann das Trennmedium wässrige Lösungen aufweisen, welche mit Salzen bzw. Suspensionen (Wasser mit feinen Partikeln wie z.B.: Kalkpulver o. Ferrosilizium) versehen sind. Ferner können für die Trennung von Trenngütern bei einer Dichte insbesondere kleiner 1 g/cm3 Wasser/Alkoholmischungen oder Öle als Trennmedium eingesetzt werden.Accordingly, the separation medium can comprise aqueous solutions containing salts or suspensions (water with fine particles such as lime powder or ferrosilicon). Furthermore, water/alcohol mixtures or oils can be used as separation media for the separation of materials with a density of less than 1 g/cm³.

Gemäß einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform weist das Trennmedium zumindest Fettlöser, wie beispielsweise Tenside, insbesondere kationische, anionische und/oder amphotere Tenside, auf. Somit können beispielsweise ölhaltige Beläge, welche auf dem Trenngut anhaften, gespült bzw. von dem Trenngut besser gelöst werden.According to another exemplary embodiment, the separation medium contains at least grease solvents, such as surfactants, in particular cationic, anionic, and/or amphoteric surfactants. Thus, for example, oily deposits adhering to the material to be separated can be rinsed off or more effectively removed from the material to be separated.

Gemäß einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung weist der Zentrifugalkraftscheider ein (zylindrisches) Gehäuse mit einer Stirnseite auf, an welchem ein Trennguteinlass vorgesehen ist. Das Gehäuse ist insbesondere gegenüber einer Bodenfläche geneigt (beispielsweise in einem Winkel zwischen Mittelachse des zylindrischen Gehäuses und der Bodenebene von 20 bis 70, insbesondere 45 Grad) und die Stirnfläche, an welchem der Trennguteinlass vorgesehen ist, ist die obere Stirnseite. Die Zwangsfördereinrichtung ist derart an der Stirnseite gekoppelt, dass das Trenngut durch den Trennguteinlass zwangsförderbar ist. Das Trenngut wird somit mindestens bis zu dem Eintritt in das Gehäuse durch den Trennguteinlass geführt und entsprechend zwangsgefördert. Es findet somit kein unkontrolliertes und ungeführtes Einbringen von Trenngut statt, wie beispielsweise über einen reinen Schwerkrafttransport. Eine Zwangsfördereinrichtung ist beispielsweise ein Schneckenförderer, dessen Förderschnecke sich bis zu dem Trennguteinlass erstreckt bzw. beispielsweise durch den Trennguteinlass in das Innere des Gehäuses ragt.According to a further exemplary embodiment of the device, the centrifugal force separator has a (cylindrical) housing with an end face, on which a separating material inlet is provided. The housing is in particular inclined with respect to a base surface (for example at an angle of 20 to 70, in particular 45 degrees between the central axis of the cylindrical housing and the base plane) and the end face on which the material to be separated inlet is provided is the upper end face. The forced conveying device is coupled to the end face in such a way that the material to be separated can be forcibly conveyed through the material to be separated inlet. The material to be separated is thus guided through the material to be separated inlet at least as far as it enters the housing and is accordingly forcibly conveyed. There is therefore no uncontrolled and unguided introduction of material to be separated, as is the case with pure gravity transport, for example. A forced conveying device is, for example, a screw conveyor whose conveyor screw extends as far as the material to be separated inlet or, for example, projects through the material to be separated inlet into the interior of the housing.

Gemäß einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung weist die Zwangsfördereinrichtung einen Auslassbereich auf, aus welchem das Trenngut in das Gehäuse zwangsförderbar ist. Beispielsweise kann die Zwangsfördereinrichtung ein zylinderförmige Außengehäuse aufweisen, in dessen Inneren eine Fördereinrichtung, wie beispielsweise eine Förderschnecke, angeordnet ist.According to another exemplary embodiment of the device, the forced conveying device has an outlet area from which the material to be separated can be forced into the housing. For example, the forced conveying device can have a cylindrical outer housing, inside which a conveying device, such as a screw conveyor, is arranged.

Gemäß einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung ist der Auslassbereich an einem freien Ende der Zwangsfördereinrichtung ausgebildet, wobei die Zwangsfördereinrichtung derart angeordnet ist, dass der Auslassbereich an dem Trennguteinlass oder innerhalb des Gehäuses vorliegt.According to a further exemplary embodiment of the device, the outlet region is formed at a free end of the forced conveying device, wherein the forced conveying device is arranged such that the outlet region is present at the material to be separated inlet or within the housing.

Gemäß einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung weist der Auslassbereich eine Auslassöffnung an einer Stirnseite an dem freien Ende der Zwangsfördereinrichtung auf. Somit kann das Trenngut in Axialrichtung bzw. in Förderrichtung in das Gehäuse abgegeben werden.According to another exemplary embodiment of the device, the outlet area has an outlet opening on one end face at the free end of the forced conveying device. Thus, the material to be separated can be discharged into the housing in the axial direction or in the conveying direction.

Gemäß einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung weist der Auslassbereich eine Auslassöffnung an einer Mantelfläche der Zwangsfördereinrichtung auf. Somit kann das Trenngut quer zur Axialrichtung bzw. zur Förderrichtung in das Gehäuse abgegeben werden. Ein Austrag quer zur Axialrichtung kann insbesondere Vorteile bei der Trennung dahingehend aufweisen, dass das Trenngut bereits mit Einbringrichtung zu dem Rand des Gehäuses eingeführt wird und somit ein schneller Abtrag der Schwerfraktion mittels der Randströmung des Trennmediums ermöglicht wird. Somit kann das Trenngut primär über die offene Stirnseite des Schneckenförderers oder Spiralförderers eingebracht werden, aber auch eine Einbringung über die Mantelfläche ist möglich. An der Auslassöffnung können z.B. Bohrungen oder Längsschlitze, oder ein Sieb/Lochblech vorgesehen werden, um die Partikel bzw. das Trenngut gleichförmiger zu dispergieren, um punktuelle Überladungen durch größere Agglomerate zu vermeiden.According to a further exemplary embodiment of the device, the outlet region has an outlet opening on a lateral surface of the forced conveying device. This means that the material to be separated can be discharged into the housing transversely to the axial direction or the conveying direction. Discharge transversely to the axial direction can have particular advantages during separation in that the material to be separated is already introduced with the introduction direction towards the edge of the housing, thus enabling rapid removal of the heavy fraction by means of the edge flow of the separation medium. This means that the material to be separated can primarily be introduced via the open front side of the screw conveyor or spiral conveyor, but introduction via the shell surface is also possible. Bores or longitudinal slots, or a sieve/perforated plate, for example, can be provided at the outlet opening in order to disperse the particles or the material to be separated more evenly and to avoid localized overloading due to larger agglomerates.

Gemäß einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung liegt der Auslassbereich der Zwangsfördereinrichtung im Inneren des Gehäuses vor.According to a further exemplary embodiment of the device, the outlet region of the forced conveying device is located inside the housing.

Gemäß einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung, ist die Zwangsfördereinrichtung verschiebbar relativ zu dem Gehäuse angeordnet, derart, dass eine Position des Auslassbereichs im Inneren des Gehäuses entlang der Längsachse des (zylinderförmigen) Gehäuses einstellbar ist. Mit anderen Worten weist die Zwangsfördereinrichtung eine Längsachse auf, welche durch den Trennguteinlass verläuft, wobei die Zwangsfördereinrichtung verschiebbar entlang der Längsachse (Mittelachse) relativ zu dem (z.B. zylindrischen) Gehäuse ist. In diesem Falle kann die Zwangsfördereinrichtung verschoben werden und die Eischubtiefe der Zwangsfördereinrichtung in das Gehäuse wird geändert. Dadurch lässt sich die Verweilzeit des Trennguts, d.h. z.B. der Partikel, im ZKS verändern. Dies kann für bestimmte Trennaufgaben von Vorteil sein, wenn man die Verweilzeit z.B. erhöht.According to a further exemplary embodiment of the device, the forced conveying device is arranged displaceably relative to the housing such that a position of the outlet region inside the housing can be adjusted along the longitudinal axis of the (cylindrical) housing. In other words, the forced conveying device has a longitudinal axis which runs through the separation material inlet, wherein the forced conveying device is displaceable along the longitudinal axis (central axis) relative to the (e.g., cylindrical) housing. In this case, the forced conveying device can be displaced and the insertion depth of the forced conveying device into the housing is changed. This allows the residence time of the separation material, i.e., e.g., the particles, in the ZKS to be changed. This can be advantageous for certain separation tasks, for example, if the residence time is increased.

Gemäß einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung weist die Vorrichtung eine Sicherheitsvorrichtung auf, welche eingerichtet ist, einen unzulässigen Innendruck des Zentrifugalkraftscheiders und/oder eine Betriebsstörung der Zwangsfördereinrichtung festzustellen, wobei die Sicherheitsvorrichtung mit der Antriebseinheit derart gekoppelt ist, dass bei festgestellten unzulässigem Innendruck des Zentrifugalkraftscheiders und/oder einer Betriebsstörung der Zwangsfördereinrichtung ein Betriebsstopp der Antriebseinheit einstellbar ist. Am Ende der Fördererstrecke, beispielsweise im Inneren des Gehäuses befindet sich der Auslassbereich mit dortigen Auslassöffnungen, sodass an einer gewünschten Position das Trenngut in dem Gehäuse ausgegeben werden kann. Somit kann eine exakte Trennung vorbestimmt und definiert werden, da beispielsweise an der gewünschten Position, an welcher das Trenngut die Zwangsfördereinrichtung verlässt, einen vorbestimmten Weg zu dem Trennmediumauslass der Schwerfraktion und einem Leichtgutauslass der Leichtfraktion einstellbar ist.According to a further exemplary embodiment of the device, the device has a safety device which is designed to detect an inadmissible internal pressure of the centrifugal force separator and/or a malfunction of the forced conveying device, wherein the safety device is coupled to the drive unit in such a way that, if an impermissible internal pressure is detected in the centrifugal force separator and/or if there is a malfunction in the forced conveying device, the drive unit can be stopped. At the end of the conveyor section, for example inside the housing, there is the outlet area with outlet openings there, so that the material to be separated can be discharged into the housing at a desired position. This allows for precise separation to be predetermined and defined, since, for example, at the desired position at which the material to be separated leaves the forced conveying device, a predetermined path to the separation medium outlet for the heavy fraction and a light material outlet for the light fraction can be set.

Aufgrund der Zwangsführung des Trennguts kann bei Überlastung ein Überdruck im Zylinder entstehen. Der Überdruck oder das Verklemmen kann über die Rotation der Zwangsfördereinrichtung, deren Elektromotor, oder mittels eines Drucksensors gemessen werden und ein Notstopp initiiert werden.Due to the forced conveying of the material to be separated, overpressure can occur in the cylinder in the event of overload. The overpressure or jamming can be measured via the rotation of the forced conveying system, its electric motor, or a pressure sensor, and an emergency stop can be initiated.

Im Folgenden werden bevorzugte, nicht einschränkende Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen näher erläutert.

  • Figur 1 zeigt schematisch eine Vorrichtung gemäß einem exemplarischen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung aufweisend eine Zwangsfördereinrichtung.
  • Figur 2 zeigt schematisch eine Vorrichtung gemäß einem anderen exemplarischen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung aufweisend mehrere Zwangsfördereinrichtungen.
  • Figur 3 zeigt schematisch eine Vorrichtung gemäß einem exemplarischen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung aufweisend eine Zwangsfördereinrichtung, deren Auslassbereich im Inneren des Gehäuses des Zentrifugalscheiders vorliegt.
In the following, preferred, non-limiting embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention comprising a forced conveying device.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a device according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention comprising several forced conveying devices.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically a device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention comprising a forced conveying device whose outlet area is located inside the housing of the centrifugal separator.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Vorrichtung gemäß einem exemplarischen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Die Vorrichtung weist einen ZKS 1 mit einem zylindrische Gehäuse 4 auf, bei welchem eine Stirnseite 2 und eine gegenüberliegende Rückseite 3 über einen im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Gehäusemantel 4' miteinander verbunden sind. Der ZKS 1 weist weiters einen im Wesentlichen zentral an der Stirnseite 2 angeordneten Trennguteinlass 5 sowie einen im Wesentlichen zentral an der Rückseite angeordneten Leichtgutauslass 6 auf. Der im Wesentlichen zylindrische Gehäusemantel 4' weist einen an die Rückseite 3 des ZKS angrenzenden evolventenförmigen Trennmediumeinlass 7 und einen an die Stirnseite 2 des ZKS 1 angrenzenden evolventenförmigen Trennmediumauslass 8 auf. Die gezeigte Vorrichtung weist weiters eine mit dem Trennguteinlass 5 verbundene Zwangsfördereinrichtung 9 auf. In der gezeigten Ausführungsform ist die Längsachse 10 des ZKS 1 im Wesentlichen fluchtend mit der Längsachse 11 der Zwangsfördereinrichtung 9 ausgerichtet. Die Zwangsfördereinrichtung 9 ist mit einem Vorlagebehälter 12 verbunden, welcher ein Rührwerk 13 aufweist. Fig. 1 shows a device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The device has a ZKS 1 with a cylindrical housing 4, in which one end face 2 and an opposite rear side 3 are connected to one another via a substantially cylindrical housing shell 4'. The ZKS 1 further comprises a material to be separated inlet 5 arranged substantially centrally on the front side 2 and a light material outlet 6 arranged substantially centrally on the rear side. The substantially cylindrical housing shell 4' has an involute-shaped separation medium inlet 7 adjacent to the rear side 3 of the ZKS and an involute-shaped separation medium outlet 8 adjacent to the front side 2 of the ZKS 1. The device shown further comprises a forced conveying device 9 connected to the material to be separated inlet 5. In the embodiment shown, the longitudinal axis 10 of the ZKS 1 is aligned substantially flush with the longitudinal axis 11 of the forced conveying device 9. The forced conveying device 9 is connected to a storage container 12 which has an agitator 13.

Im Zusammenhang mit der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform wird zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens gemäß einem exemplarischen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung Trennmedium 14 in den Trennmediumeinlass 7 eingeleitet, vorzugsweise durch eine Pumpe mit regelbarer Geschwindigkeit (nicht gezeigt), sodass eine Wirbelströmung mit einem Luftkern entlang der Längsachse 10 des ZKS 1 erzeugt wird und das Trennmedium durch den Trennmediumauslass 8 wieder aus dem ZKS austritt. Trenngut wird vom Vorlagebehälter 12 durch die Zwangsfördereinrichtung 9 in den Trennguteinlass 5 an der Stirnseite 2 des ZKS 1 zwangsgefördert und so im Wesentlichen in Richtung der Längsachse 10 des ZKS 1 eingebracht. Material niedriger Dichte schwimmt an der Grenzfläche zwischen dem Trennmedium und dem Luftkern auf und wird entlang der Längsachse 10 des ZKS 1 zum Leichtgutauslass 6 an der Rückseite 3 befördert, wo es als Leichtgutfraktion 16 austritt. Während des Betriebs wird die Längsachse 10 des ZKS 1 vorzugsweise in einem Winkel von 20° bis 40° zur Horizontalen ausgerichtet, sodass der Transport des Materials niedriger Dichte vom Trennguteinlass 5 zum Leichtgutauslass 6 durch die Schwerkraft gewährleistet wird. Material höherer Dichte tritt im Gegensatz dazu aus dem Luftkern in das Trennmedium über, wird durch die Zentrifugalkraft radial nach außen gedrückt und verlässt den ZKS 1 gemeinsam mit dem Trennmedium durch den Trennmediumauslass 8 als Schwergutfraktion 15. Die Bewegungsrichtung des Trennmediums und des Trenngutmaterials niedrigerer Dichte sind in der gezeigten Ausführungsform also entgegengesetzt. Das Trennmedium strömt in einer Wirbelbahn von der Rückseite 3 des ZKS 1 in Richtung der Stirnseite 2, wohingegen sich Partikel mit niedriger Dichte vom Trennguteinlass 5 an der Stirnseite 2 zum Leichtgutauslass 6 an der Rückseite 3 des ZKS bewegen.In connection with the Fig. 1 In the embodiment shown, to carry out a method according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, separation medium 14 is introduced into the separation medium inlet 7, preferably by a pump with adjustable speed (not shown), so that a vortex flow with an air core is generated along the longitudinal axis 10 of the ZKS 1 and the separation medium exits the ZKS again through the separation medium outlet 8. The material to be separated is forcibly conveyed from the storage container 12 by the forced conveying device 9 into the separation material inlet 5 on the front side 2 of the ZKS 1 and is thus introduced essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis 10 of the ZKS 1. Low-density material floats at the interface between the separation medium and the air core and is conveyed along the longitudinal axis 10 of the ZKS 1 to the light material outlet 6 on the rear side 3, where it exits as light material fraction 16. During operation, the longitudinal axis 10 of the ZKS 1 is preferably aligned at an angle of 20° to 40° to the horizontal, so that the transport of low-density material from the separation material inlet 5 to the light material outlet 6 is ensured by gravity. In contrast, higher-density material passes from the air core into the separation medium, is pushed radially outward by centrifugal force, and leaves the ZKS 1 together with the separation medium through the separation medium outlet 8 as the heavy material fraction. 15. In the illustrated embodiment, the movement directions of the separation medium and the lower-density material to be separated are thus opposite. The separation medium flows in a vortex path from the rear side 3 of the ZKS 1 toward the front side 2, whereas low-density particles move from the material to be separated inlet 5 on the front side 2 to the light material outlet 6 on the rear side 3 of the ZKS.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Der ZKS 1 entspricht dabei im Wesentlichen dem ZKS 1 der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform. Allerdings weist die in Fig. 2 gezeigte Ausführungsform drei Zwangsfördereinrichtungen 9, 9', 9" auf, welche mit dem Trennguteinlass 5 des ZKS 1 verbunden sind. Die Längsachsen 11, 11', 11" der Zwangsfördereinrichtungen 9, 9', 9" sind winkelig zueinander sowie zur Längsachse 10 des ZKS angeordnet. Die Zwangsfördereinrichtungen 9, 9', 9" können wiederum mit Vorlagebehältern (nicht gezeigt), vorzugsweise aufweisend Rührwerke oder Austragsböden, verbunden sein. Fig. 2 shows a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention. The ZKS 1 essentially corresponds to the ZKS 1 of the Fig. 1 shown embodiment. However, the one shown in Fig. 2 The embodiment shown has three forced conveying devices 9, 9', 9", which are connected to the material to be separated inlet 5 of the ZKS 1. The longitudinal axes 11, 11', 11" of the forced conveying devices 9, 9', 9" are arranged at an angle to one another and to the longitudinal axis 10 of the ZKS. The forced conveying devices 9, 9', 9" can in turn be connected to storage containers (not shown), preferably having agitators or discharge floors.

Beispielsweise können die Zwangsfördereinrichtungen 9, 9', 9" in einem gemeinsamen Zwangsförderabschnitt münden, in welchem eine weitere Zwangsförderung, beispielsweise mittels einer weiteren Zwangsfördereinrichtung (z.B. mit Förderschnecke), stattfindet, sodass das Trennmedium in das Innere des Gehäuses 4 zwangsgeführt wird. Der gemeinsame Zwangsförderabschnitt kann mit einer weiteren Zwangsfördereinrichtung ausgebildet sein und kann entsprechend den Ausführungsformen der Zwangsfördereinrichtung 9 aus Figuren 1 oder 3 ausgebildet sein.For example, the forced conveying devices 9, 9', 9" can open into a common forced conveying section, in which a further forced conveying takes place, for example by means of a further forced conveying device (e.g. with a conveyor screw), so that the separating medium is forcibly guided into the interior of the housing 4. The common forced conveying section can be designed with a further forced conveying device and can be designed according to the embodiments of the forced conveying device 9 from Figures 1 or 3 be trained.

Im Zusammenhang mit der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform kann das Verfahren gemäß einem exemplarischen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung im Wesentlichen analog zu dem oben in Bezug auf Fig. 1 beschriebenen Verfahren durchgeführt werden. Allerdings wird das Trenngut in der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform über drei separate Zwangsfördereinrichtungen 9, 9', 9'' in den ZKS 1 eingebracht. Vorteilhafterweise kann unterschiedliches Trenngut, z.B. in Bezug auf die Zusammensetzung oder die Größenverteilung, über die separaten Zwangsfördereinrichtungen 9, 9', 9" eingebracht werden. Die Zwangsfördereinrichtungen 9, 9', 9" können dabei mit unterschiedlichen Fördergeschwindigkeiten betrieben werden, die an das jeweilige Trenngut angepasst sind.In connection with the Fig. 2 shown embodiment, the method according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention can be carried out essentially analogously to the method described above with respect to Fig. 1 described procedures. However, the material to be separated is Fig. 2 shown embodiment via three separate forced conveying devices 9, 9', 9'' into the ZKS 1. Advantageously, different separating material, e.g. in terms of composition or size distribution, can be introduced via the separate forced conveying devices 9, 9', 9". The forced conveying devices 9, 9', 9" can They can be operated at different conveying speeds, which are adapted to the respective material to be separated.

Figur 3 zeigt eine Zwangsfördereinrichtung 9, deren Auslassbereich 19 im Inneren des Gehäuses 4 des Zentrifugalkraftscheiders 1 vorliegt. Der Zentrifugalkraftscheiders 1 ist ähnlich zu der Ausführungsform aus Figur 1 ausgebildet, wobei die Zwangsfördereinrichtung 9 verschiebbar innerhalb des Gehäuses 4 angeordnet ist. Figure 3 shows a forced conveying device 9, the outlet area 19 of which is located inside the housing 4 of the centrifugal force separator 1. The centrifugal force separator 1 is similar to the embodiment of Figure 1 formed, wherein the forced conveying device 9 is arranged displaceably within the housing 4.

Der Zentrifugalkraftscheider 1 weist insbesondere ein zylindrisches Gehäuse 4 auf, welches entlang seiner Längsachse (Mittelachse) 10 eine Stirnseite 2 hat, an welchem ein Trennguteinlass 5 vorgesehen ist. Das Gehäuse 4 ist insbesondere gegenüber einer Bodenebene 21 geneigt (beispielsweise in einem Winkel zwischen Mittelachse des zylindrischen Gehäuses und der Bodenebene 21 von 20 Grad bis 70 Grad und die Stirnfläche 2, an welchem der Trennguteinlass 5 vorgesehen ist, ist die obere Stirnseite. Die Zwangsfördereinrichtung 9 ist derart an der Stirnseite 2 gekoppelt, dass das Trenngut durch den Trennguteinlass 5 zwangsförderbar ist. Das Trenngut wird somit mindestens bis zu dem Eintritt in das Gehäuse 4 durch den Trennguteinlass 5 geführt und entsprechend zwangsgefördert.The centrifugal force separator 1 comprises, in particular, a cylindrical housing 4, which has an end face 2 along its longitudinal axis (central axis) 10, on which a material to be separated inlet 5 is provided. The housing 4 is, in particular, inclined relative to a base plane 21 (for example, at an angle between the central axis of the cylindrical housing and the base plane 21 of 20 degrees to 70 degrees), and the end face 2, on which the material to be separated inlet 5 is provided, is the upper end face. The forced conveying device 9 is coupled to the end face 2 in such a way that the material to be separated can be forced through the material to be separated inlet 5. The material to be separated is thus guided through the material to be separated inlet 5 at least up to the inlet into the housing 4 and is accordingly forced conveyed.

Die Zwangsfördereinrichtung 9 weist einen Auslassbereich 19 auf, aus welchem das Trenngut in das Gehäuse 4 zwangsförderbar ist. Beispielsweise kann die Zwangsfördereinrichtung 9 ein zylinderförmige Außengehäuse aufweisen, in dessen Inneren eine Fördereinrichtung, wie beispielsweise eine Förderschnecke, angeordnet ist. Der Auslassbereich 19 ist an einem freien Ende der Zwangsfördereinrichtung 9 ausgebildet, wobei die Zwangsfördereinrichtung 9 derart angeordnet ist, dass der Auslassbereich 19, wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt, innerhalb des Gehäuses 4 vorliegt.The forced conveying device 9 has an outlet region 19, from which the material to be separated can be forced into the housing 4. For example, the forced conveying device 9 can have a cylindrical outer housing, in the interior of which a conveying device, such as a conveyor screw, is arranged. The outlet region 19 is formed at a free end of the forced conveying device 9, wherein the forced conveying device 9 is arranged such that the outlet region 19, as in Fig. 3 shown, is present within the housing 4.

Der Auslassbereich 19 weist eine Auslassöffnung 20 an einer Mantelfläche der Zwangsfördereinrichtung 9 auf. Somit kann das Trenngut quer zur Axialrichtung 11 bzw. zur Förderrichtung in das Gehäuse 4 abgegeben werden. Ein Austrag quer zur Axial-/Längsrichtung 11 kann insbesondere Vorteile bei der Trennung dahingehend aufweisen, dass das Trenngut bereits mit Einbringrichtung zur Mantelinnenfläche des Gehäuses 4 eingeführt wird und somit ein schnellerer Abtrag der Schwerfraktion mittels der Randströmung des Trennmediums ermöglicht wird.The outlet area 19 has an outlet opening 20 on a lateral surface of the forced conveying device 9. Thus, the material to be separated can be discharged into the housing 4 transversely to the axial direction 11 or the conveying direction. A discharge transversely to the axial/longitudinal direction 11 can be particularly advantageous in the separation in such a way that the material to be separated is already introduced in the direction of introduction towards the inner surface of the casing 4, thus enabling faster removal of the heavy fraction by means of the edge flow of the separation medium.

Der Auslassbereich 19 der Auslassöffnung 20 liegt somit im Inneren des Gehäuses 4 vor. Die Zwangsfördereinrichtung 9 ist ferner entlang der Längsachse 11 verschiebbar entlang einer (insbesondere translatorischen) Bewegungsrichtung 18 relativ zu dem Gehäuse 4 angeordnet, derart, dass eine Position des Auslassbereichs 19 im Inneren des Gehäuses 4 entlang der Längsachse 11 des zylinderförmigen Gehäuses 4 einstellbar ist. Somit kann die Position der Auslassöffnung 20 beliebig im inneren des Gehäuses 4 eingestellt werden. Ein Außenrohr (Rohrstück (Futterrohr)) der Zwangsfördereinrichtung 9 kann beispielsweise mittels einer Dichtung 17, z.B. einer Flachdichtung, flexibler Dichtmasse oder einem O-Ring versehen werden und angezogen werden, wodurch eine dichte Verbindung erreicht werden kann. Ferner kann die Dichtung 17 beispielsweise über eine Manschette mit Dichtlippen oder bei Ausgestaltung des Trennguteinlasses als Rohrstück (Futterrohr) über eine Ringraumdichtung oder Pressringdichtung ausgebildet sein.The outlet region 19 of the outlet opening 20 is thus located inside the housing 4. The forced conveying device 9 is further arranged so as to be displaceable along the longitudinal axis 11 along a (particularly translational) direction of movement 18 relative to the housing 4, such that a position of the outlet region 19 inside the housing 4 can be adjusted along the longitudinal axis 11 of the cylindrical housing 4. Thus, the position of the outlet opening 20 can be arbitrarily adjusted inside the housing 4. An outer tube (pipe section (casing tube)) of the forced conveying device 9 can be provided, for example, with a seal 17, e.g., a flat seal, flexible sealing compound, or an O-ring, and tightened, thereby achieving a tight connection. Furthermore, the seal 17 can be formed, for example, via a sleeve with sealing lips or, if the material to be separated inlet is designed as a pipe section (casing tube), via an annular space seal or press-ring seal.

Claims (15)

  1. A device for separating material to be separated in a centrifugal force separator (1), wherein the device comprises:
    the centrifugal force separator (1) with an inlet (5) for material to be separated for introducing material to be separated and a separating medium inlet (7) for introducing a separating medium (14), and
    the at least one force-conveying device (9) connected to the inlet (5) for material to be separated,
    characterized in that
    the centrifugal force separator (1) comprises a housing (4) with an end face (2) at which an inlet (5) for material to be separated is provided,
    wherein the force-conveying device (9) is coupled to the end face (4) such that the material to be separated can be force-conveyed through the inlet (5) for material to be separated.
  2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the force-conveying device (9) is a screw conveyor or a spiral conveyor.
  3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the force-conveying device (9) comprises a preferably continuously controllable drive unit.
  4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the force-conveying device (9) is connected to a storage container (12) comprising a discharge tray or an agitator (13).
  5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    wherein the force-conveying device (9) comprises an outlet region (19) from which the material to be separated can be force-conveyed into the housing (4).
  6. The device according to claim 5,
    wherein the outlet region (19) is formed at a free end of the force-conveying device (9),
    wherein the force-conveying device (9) is arranged such that the outlet region (19) is present at the inlet (5) for material to be separated or in the housing (4).
  7. The device according to claim 6,
    wherein the outlet region (19) comprises an outlet opening (20) at an end face at the free end of the force-conveying device (9).
  8. The device according to claim 6 or 7,
    wherein the outlet region (19) comprises an outlet opening (20) at a surface area of the force-conveying device (9).
  9. The device according to any one of claims 6 to 8,
    wherein the outlet region (19) is located in the interior of the housing (4).
  10. The device according to any one of claims 6 to 9,
    wherein the force-conveying device (9) is arranged displaceably relative to the housing (4) such that a position of the outlet region (19) in the interior of the housing (4) can be adjusted along the longitudinal axis (11).
  11. The device according to claim 10,
    wherein the force-conveying device (9) comprises a longitudinal axis (11) which runs through the inlet (5) for material to be separated,
    wherein the force-conveying device (9) is displaceable along the longitudinal axis (11) relative to the housing (4).
  12. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the device comprises at least one further force-conveying device (9') connected to the inlet (5) for material to be separated.
  13. The device according to claim 12, wherein the force-conveying devices (9, 9') each comprise a longitudinal axis (11, 11'), wherein the longitudinal axes (11, 11') are arranged at an angle to one another.
  14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the angle between the longitudinal axes (11, 11') of the force-conveying devices (9, 9') is between 10° and 120°, preferably between 20° and 100°, even more preferably between 30° and 80°, most preferably between 40° and 60°.
  15. A method for separating material to be separated in a centrifugal force separator (1) by means of a device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the method comprises:
    introducing a separating medium (14) into the centrifugal force separator (1) such that a vortex with an air core is generated in the interior of the centrifugal force separator (1), and
    introducing the material to be separated via at least one force-conveying device (9) into the centrifugal force separator (1).
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US20240198354A1 (en) 2024-06-20
HUE072400T2 (en) 2025-11-28
RS67149B1 (en) 2025-09-30
WO2022219141A1 (en) 2022-10-20
EP4074420A1 (en) 2022-10-19
HRP20250988T1 (en) 2025-10-24
PL4323120T3 (en) 2025-09-29
ES3038248T3 (en) 2025-10-10
EP4323120C0 (en) 2025-05-28
CA3215527A1 (en) 2022-10-20

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