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EP4307322A1 - Fil rond isolé par un vernis, procédé de fabrication et utilisation correspondante - Google Patents

Fil rond isolé par un vernis, procédé de fabrication et utilisation correspondante Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4307322A1
EP4307322A1 EP22184696.7A EP22184696A EP4307322A1 EP 4307322 A1 EP4307322 A1 EP 4307322A1 EP 22184696 A EP22184696 A EP 22184696A EP 4307322 A1 EP4307322 A1 EP 4307322A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
wire
round wire
thermally unstable
enamel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP22184696.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tobias Katzenberger
Bastian PLOCHMANN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP22184696.7A priority Critical patent/EP4307322A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2023/068150 priority patent/WO2024012906A1/fr
Priority to EP23739163.6A priority patent/EP4523231A1/fr
Priority to CN202380053135.1A priority patent/CN119547162A/zh
Publication of EP4307322A1 publication Critical patent/EP4307322A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01BCABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/065Insulating conductors with lacquers or enamels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a enamel-insulated round wire, a method for producing a enamel-insulated round wire and the use of enamel-insulated round wires.
  • a common example of an enameled round wire is a copper wire, i.e. a so-called enameled copper wire.
  • An enameled copper wire is an insulated conductor that was covered with an electrically insulating layer of varnish during production. The thickness and weight of this paint insulation is very low compared to other insulation materials with the same effect.
  • Enamelled copper wire is therefore preferred for the construction of electrical coils, transformers and machines.
  • Other applications include solderable switching wires and the production of high-frequency strands.
  • Electrical insulating varnishes are used to coat enamelled copper wires that are used as electrical conductors in electrical components such as coils, rotors and stators. To produce these electrical components, the coated and insulated round wire is wound using automated winding machines.
  • the painted electrical wires on the edges of the electrical components should not be damaged and should fit easily into the grooves of the components so that a high packing density of the wire in the electrical components can be achieved. High packing densities are required to achieve optimal induction performance.
  • a high packing density is also desirable because electrical machines such as electric motors that contain such electrical components are becoming more and more miniaturized because there is an increased demand for ever smaller devices and components.
  • low-voltage motors are usually manufactured using wound round enameled wires, which are drawn into the stator laminated core after the winding process.
  • a limiting factor is the copper filling in the groove, i.e. the number of wires, which can be inserted into the groove fully automatically using this technology.
  • the enamelled copper wires are first wrapped around a template using a so-called flyer winder and then pulled into the groove in a bundle.
  • the initially very ordered winding is no longer fixed, which can result in unfavorable structures - such as wire crossings.
  • Such crossings additionally increase the effective cross section of the wire bundles, which further increases the required pulling force and thus the load on both the pulling machine and the winding.
  • slippery waxes e.g. paraffins
  • siloxane co-polymers are used as a coating according to the state of the art.
  • the use of siloxane co-polymers in the top layer of wire enamel also results in a significant increase in lubricity.
  • an electrical insulation system EIS of an electric motor which comprises electrical conductors in the form of round enamel wires with a round enamel wire winding arranged in a groove of a laminated core of a stator.
  • the cavities between the windings of the conductors are filled with impregnation resin.
  • the content of impregnation resin is determined by introducing a carrier containing impregnation resin into the conductor in order to sufficiently cast the cavities in the conductor of the laminated core.
  • the impregnation resin wets the surface of the round wire varnish before it hardens.
  • the wire enamel itself comprises a large number of individual plastic layers, for example made of polyethylene, "PE”, polyetherimide, “PEI”, polyamidimide “PAI”, polyimide “PI”, for example each layer being applied in a slidable manner on the layer below and/or above is to be flexible to mechanical stress, e.g. stretching, bending, etc.
  • siloxane co-polymer technology - at least in the top wire enamel layer - it is possible to realize very high copper fillings fully automatically, but subsequent impregnation - for example of the filled groove - using impregnating resin, which includes, for example, polyetherimide, polyether and / or epoxy resin, not possible because the chemical surface groups that provide lubricity repel the impregnation resin.
  • impregnating resin which includes, for example, polyetherimide, polyether and / or epoxy resin, not possible because the chemical surface groups that provide lubricity repel the impregnation resin.
  • no chemical bond can be created between the non-polar functional groups - for example siloxane or fluorine groups, i.e. the anti-friction varnish surface on the one hand and the polar impregnation resin on the other.
  • Impregnation of a round wire with high lubricity, produced by fluorine and/or siloxane groups on the surface, is therefore not yet possible.
  • impregnation resins are regularly used in the grooves for low-voltage motors.
  • the subject of the present invention is a lacquer-insulated round wire, comprising an electrical conductor which is insulated with wire lacquer and which surrounds the round wire in such a way that a layer of thermally unstable material is used as the top layer or as the penultimate layer directly adjacent to the surface the wire enamel insulation is provided.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a lacquer-insulated round wire as described above and a layer of thermally unstable material thereon for the production of low-voltage electric motors.
  • a lubricating varnish layer is applied over the thermally unstable layer, which becomes at least holey when the thermally unstable layer decomposes and/or is partially or completely removed in some places due to gas release from the decomposing lower thermally unstable layer.
  • the anti-friction varnish layer can be provided over the entire surface or in part, whereby when partially coated with anti-friction varnish, it floats in areas like "ice floes" on the lower layer, especially when melting on the lower layer.
  • the anti-friction varnish can make up a surface area, for example in the range from 40% to 100%, preferably 50% to 99%, in particular in the range from 55% to 95% of the surface of the wire enamel insulation.
  • a lubricating varnish is chemically designed so that the base is thermally unstable, with lubricating properties being achieved on the surface by introducing, copolymerizing, mixing and/or blending the base polymer with lubricating components.
  • Such lubricity components are, for example, paraffins, waxes, soaps, lubricants, solid lubricants, organic groups and compounds such as surfactants, organosilicon compounds, in particular siloxanes, polysiloxanes, silazanes, polysilazanes, boron nitride, fluorinated compounds such as perfluorooctanoic acid "PFOA”, polytetrafluoroethylene “PTFE” or “Teflon ® " and similar in the thermally unstable wire enamel insulation layers.
  • PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Teflon ® fluorinated compounds
  • the top wire enamel insulation layer is made of a thermally unstable material such as polyethylene so that it can be used after insertion in the groove when heated, this layer decomposes and exposes the underlying layers, which are, for example, part of a multi-layer wire enamel structure that is compatible with the impregnation resins.
  • the thermally unstable layer comprises, for example, a compound selected from the group comprising: polyethylene, polyethylene glycol, polyolefin and/or polyolefin wax alone or in any combinations.
  • the temperature stability can be influenced by varying the chain length of the polymer. Basically, the temperature stability is shifted to higher temperatures with longer chain lengths.
  • the so-called current UV process is often used, whereby the stators are heated in advance by energizing the individual phases before being immersed in the liquid impregnation resin.
  • the temperatures in the copper windings which are heated directly by the Joule effect, briefly reach 200°C to 300°C before the heat is distributed relatively homogeneously in the stator. It is therefore common practice to connect the stators and heat them, also to reduce the viscosity of the impregnation resin and to specifically bring about chemical gelling.
  • wire enamels include several, for example in the range of 3 to 30, layers of different or identical polymers, e.g. polyetherimide, polyetherimine and/or polyamideimide, as well as any combinations or mixtures thereof. This is commonly referred to as the multi-layer wire enamel construction of the wire insulation enamel.
  • impregnation resins based on polyurethane, saturated and particularly preferably unsaturated polyesterimide, polyamideimide, polyester and/or epoxy resin, as well as any combinations, mixtures, copolymers and/or blends thereof, combined, are used for the multilayer wire enamel structure.
  • the number of layers varies, for example it is between 3 and 25 layers, preferably 7 to 20 layers, or 10 to 20 layers, particularly preferably for example 15 layers.
  • the layers are preferably hardened separately from one another, so that sliding interfaces are created between them and no chemical bond occurs between the layers.
  • the thermally unstable layer can also be applied as a top layer - slightly thicker than the other wire enamel layers.
  • the layers of the multilayer wire enamel structure for the wire enamel insulation of round wires are in the range from 0.2 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, in particular from 0.3 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m and particularly advantageously in the range between 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m .
  • the thermally unstable layer is also applied, for example, as a prepreg based on polyethylene and/or polyethylene glycol.
  • Figure 1 shows an overview of the state of the art, how enameled round wires are usually constructed and are present as an impregnated composite in a groove, for example of a low-voltage electric motor such as a traction motor.
  • a composite 7 of round wires 1 insulated with wire enamel 2 and impregnated with impregnation resin 3 can be seen.
  • a lubricating varnish layer 5 comprises, for example, a siloxane copolymer, whereby the lubricating varnish layer 5 receives a slippery surface 8, on which the impregnation resin 3 unfortunately rolls off .
  • Figure 2 shows - based on this prior art - the solution according to the present invention using an exemplary embodiment.
  • the multi-layer wire varnish structure 2 or 4 on the round wire 1 is used again.
  • a thin anti-friction varnish layer 5 is applied as the top “last” layer.
  • anti-friction coatings 5 are suitable for the relevant area of application.
  • natural waxes, montan waxes, polyethylene waxes, and copolymers with propylene polymers are suitable from higher ⁇ -olefins, polypropylene oxides, esters from higher functional polyols and longer chain fatty acids.
  • polytetrafluoroethylene dispersions such as those from the WO 2007/045575 are known, are suitable as a lubricating varnish for the lubricating varnish layer 5.
  • lubricating varnish layers 5 with siloxane copolymer which are suitable as a lubricating varnish layer 5.
  • the polymers contained in the paint are functionalized with components, for example the modification of polyamide imides with terminal longer-chain alkyl groups.
  • thermally unstable layer 10 for example made of polyethylene glycol, as the "penultimate" layer.
  • the thermally unstable layer 10 can also be made of another suitable polymer, which decomposes at higher temperatures, such as those that occur in the production of low-voltage motors with already filled stator slots, and - through, for example, gas evolution such as CO2 evolution - at least the upper layer partly blows off, as shown by arrow 11 in the Figure 2 shown.
  • the core of the invention is to use the multi-layer structure of a wire enamel in order to use the top layer of anti-friction varnish for the process of pulling the enamel-insulated round wires into the stator groove of the motor and then - after filling the groove - to pass the anti-friction layer through the temperature input. "Bursting" of an underlying layer to such an extent that a surface that can be chemically bonded with the impregnation resin is exposed.
  • Arrow 11 By heating, for example energizing, the winding already in the slot during the manufacture of the motor, a temperature input is created in the thermally unstable layer 10 and decomposes it.
  • the decomposition usually releases CO2 in gaseous form and causes the overlying anti-friction varnish layer 5 to burst in many places, so that the material of the penultimate layer 10 comes to rest on the surface of the varnish insulation. See the illustration in the middle Figure 2 .
  • Impregnation of the winding with impregnation resin 3 now encounters a surface which at least partially consists of a thermally unstable layer 10, which means that a good chemical bonding of the impregnation agent 3 to the thermally unstable layer 10 is possible at these points.
  • the multilayer wire enamel structure 2, or 4 is exposed, via which a good chemical bond to the impregnation resin 3 is also possible.
  • Figure 3 shows a further advantageous embodiment of the invention.
  • the anti-friction varnish 9 is designed in such a way that, in addition to the anti-friction properties achieved by the siloxane groups it contains, it is a thermally unstable base material Material such as polyethylene and/or polyethylene glycol.
  • the anti-friction varnish 9 When temperature is introduced - shown by arrow 11 - which occurs during the manufacture of an engine, the anti-friction varnish 9 on a thermally unstable material basis dissolves. Below the anti-friction varnish 9, the multi-layer wire varnish structure 4 is exposed, which - see arrow 12 - has a surface that can be easily bonded chemically to the impregnation resin 3 when impregnated with impregnating resin 3.
  • the multi-layer structure can be used to at least break up the top anti-friction varnish layer without the often existing intermediate step with temperature input of current and / or Joule heating to 200 ° C or more, so that a subsequent impregnation with liquid impregnation resin can bind to the thermally unstable layer located under the top sliding layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
EP22184696.7A 2022-07-13 2022-07-13 Fil rond isolé par un vernis, procédé de fabrication et utilisation correspondante Withdrawn EP4307322A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22184696.7A EP4307322A1 (fr) 2022-07-13 2022-07-13 Fil rond isolé par un vernis, procédé de fabrication et utilisation correspondante
PCT/EP2023/068150 WO2024012906A1 (fr) 2022-07-13 2023-07-03 Fil de section circulaire émaillé, son procédé de fabrication et son utilisation
EP23739163.6A EP4523231A1 (fr) 2022-07-13 2023-07-03 Fil de section circulaire émaillé, son procédé de fabrication et son utilisation
CN202380053135.1A CN119547162A (zh) 2022-07-13 2023-07-03 漆包绝缘圆线、其制造方法及其用途

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22184696.7A EP4307322A1 (fr) 2022-07-13 2022-07-13 Fil rond isolé par un vernis, procédé de fabrication et utilisation correspondante

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4307322A1 true EP4307322A1 (fr) 2024-01-17

Family

ID=82595150

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22184696.7A Withdrawn EP4307322A1 (fr) 2022-07-13 2022-07-13 Fil rond isolé par un vernis, procédé de fabrication et utilisation correspondante
EP23739163.6A Pending EP4523231A1 (fr) 2022-07-13 2023-07-03 Fil de section circulaire émaillé, son procédé de fabrication et son utilisation

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23739163.6A Pending EP4523231A1 (fr) 2022-07-13 2023-07-03 Fil de section circulaire émaillé, son procédé de fabrication et son utilisation

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (2) EP4307322A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN119547162A (fr)
WO (1) WO2024012906A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0823120A1 (fr) * 1995-04-26 1998-02-11 Dr. Beck & Co. Aktiengesellschaft Formulation de vernis pour fils metalliques a lubrifiant interne
WO2007045575A1 (fr) 2005-10-21 2007-04-26 Altana Electrical Insulation Gmbh Lubrifiant pour fils laques
DE102010039168A1 (de) * 2010-08-10 2012-02-16 Schwering & Hasse Elektrodraht Gmbh Elektroisolierlacke aus modifizierten Polymeren und daraus hergestellte elektrische Leiter mit verbesserter Gleitfähigkeit
EP3769403A1 (fr) 2018-05-04 2021-01-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système d'isolation électrique d'un moteur électrique et procédé de fabrication correspondant

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0823120A1 (fr) * 1995-04-26 1998-02-11 Dr. Beck & Co. Aktiengesellschaft Formulation de vernis pour fils metalliques a lubrifiant interne
WO2007045575A1 (fr) 2005-10-21 2007-04-26 Altana Electrical Insulation Gmbh Lubrifiant pour fils laques
DE102010039168A1 (de) * 2010-08-10 2012-02-16 Schwering & Hasse Elektrodraht Gmbh Elektroisolierlacke aus modifizierten Polymeren und daraus hergestellte elektrische Leiter mit verbesserter Gleitfähigkeit
EP3769403A1 (fr) 2018-05-04 2021-01-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système d'isolation électrique d'un moteur électrique et procédé de fabrication correspondant
US20210242760A1 (en) * 2018-05-04 2021-08-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electric Insulation System of an Electric Motor, and Associated Manufacturing Process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4523231A1 (fr) 2025-03-19
WO2024012906A1 (fr) 2024-01-18
CN119547162A (zh) 2025-02-28

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