EP4396524A1 - Systèmes et procédés pour charger des compositions explosives ayant des profils de densité définis de manière programmable/sélective dans des trous de forage - Google Patents
Systèmes et procédés pour charger des compositions explosives ayant des profils de densité définis de manière programmable/sélective dans des trous de forageInfo
- Publication number
- EP4396524A1 EP4396524A1 EP22865191.5A EP22865191A EP4396524A1 EP 4396524 A1 EP4396524 A1 EP 4396524A1 EP 22865191 A EP22865191 A EP 22865191A EP 4396524 A1 EP4396524 A1 EP 4396524A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- borehole
- density
- explosive composition
- hose
- conduit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/10—Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
Definitions
- aspects of the present disclosure relate to systems, apparatuses, methods, and processes for delivering or loading explosive compositions into a set of boreholes in accordance with one or more programmably or selectably configurable densities or density profiles / distributions, for instance, such that multiple distinct segments of a given borehole and/or different boreholes across a multi-borehole array can have distinct or different programmably specified densities and/or density profiles / distributions.
- the corresponding consequence of this hydrostatic gradient is a higher ideal energy (e.g., relative bulk strength (RBS)) for the explosive composition product at the base of the borehole / blasthole, and a lower ideal energy (e.g., RBS) at the top of the borehole / blasthole.
- RBS relative bulk strength
- the in-situ bulk explosive composition density can be changed by changing the stoichiometry of the chemical sensitising agent(s) in the part of the borehole / blasthole where density change is desired.
- One desirable aspect of this can be to reduce the energy level at the base of the borehole / blasthole column by increasing the sensitising agent concentration in that section of bulk explosive composition product, and/or adding less sensitising agent in the bulk explosive composition product at the top of the borehole / blasthole to increase the energy of the explosive composition product at the top of the borehole / blasthole.
- At least one control system or control unit configured for changing (including adjusting, modifying, or varying) a concentration / flow rate (which may be in accordance with a concentration / flow function, e.g., mathematical function or algorithm, such as a flow rate function) of a set of sensitizing agents (e.g., at least one chemical sensitizing agent, such as at least one chemical gassing agent) for an explosive composition, b.
- a concentration / flow rate which may be in accordance with a concentration / flow function, e.g., mathematical function or algorithm, such as a flow rate function
- a set of sensitizing agents e.g., at least one chemical sensitizing agent, such as at least one chemical gassing agent for an explosive composition, b.
- sensitizing agents are introduced at or into at least one (particular, structural) portion of an explosive composition loading system or apparatus (e.g., by way of a set of automatically actuatable / controllable valves and/or pumps associated with at least one port corresponding to the system or apparatus) in a manner that facilitates or enables (customizable, programmable, selectable, or variable) generation of two or more explosive compositions having at least one density profile / distribution (including across one or more explosive composition sequences, e.g., corresponding to one or more borehole loading sequences), c.
- the changing of the concentration / flow rate provides the sensitizing agents with a concentration profile / distribution within and along a conduit / hose during flow of the explosive compositions toward and prior to the explosive compositions reaching a distal end portion of the conduit / hose that is fluidically coupled to an outlet structure (of the conduit / hose), wherein the concentration profile / distribution corresponds to the density profile / distribution (including such that multiple distinct segments of a given borehole and/or different boreholes across a multi-borehole array can have mutually distinct or different programmably specified densities and/or density profiles / distributions).
- the density profile / distribution includes a gradient, optionally including a monotonic increase in density to compensate for hydrostatic pressure in the borehole; b. the density profile / distribution includes a mathematical function with a nonzero average, including a sinusoidal function, a square wave function, or a triangular wave function, to provide customizable, programmable, selectable, or variable selection of velocity of detonation (VoD) in the sensitized explosive composition; and/or c. the density profile / distribution corresponds to two or mutually distinct or different programmably specified densities corresponding to two or more respective rock types in the borehole or from the borehole to a next borehole.
- VoD velocity of detonation
- the at least one control system or control unit is configured for automatically managing, coordinating, or controlling the introduction and flow / conveyance of explosive composition constituents into and/or along (specific) portions of the system/apparatus, as well as the formulation or production and output of different-density explosive compositions in and/or among the set of boreholes in accordance with a blast plan, including wherein the control system is configured for automatically selectively managing, controlling, monitoring, establishing, changing, adjusting, modifying, and/or varying the concentration(s) / flow rate(s) of, or concentration / flow function(s) for, the set of sensitizing agents introducible or introduced at the sensitizing agent introduction site (away from the outlet structure of the conduit / hose) in a pre-scheduled manner with respect to the generation of a sequence or series of the in-conduit / in-hose masses, volumes, or inventories that will be output by the outlet structure to produce explosive compositions having intended densities or density profiles / distributions within
- the density or density profile / distribution of the final explosive composition (currently intended to be output or being output from the conduit / hose outlet structure into a final segment of a borehole currently being loaded) and the density or density profile / distribution of an initial explosive composition that will be output into the initial or first segment of the next-in-sequence borehole to be loaded can each be selected, set, established, defined (e.g., preset or predefined) as a (particular) default or neutral density (e.g., an identical or essentially identical neutral density) or neutral density value, or default or neutral density profile / distribution, respectively (wherein the default or neutral density is defined as an explosive composition density that can enhance or maximize the likelihood of or ensure reliable explosive composition detonation in a blasthole, e.g., following an explosive initiation event produced by a borehole-resident explosive initiation device that properly operates / initiates), wherein the default or neutral density, or neutral density value, or default or neutral density profile / distribution defines at least one
- the default or neutral density, or neutral density value, or default or neutral density profile / distribution includes: values of substantially 0.80 - 1.25 g/cc or g/cm 3 , including between substantially 0.90 and substantially 1.2 g/cc, including less than or equal to 1 g/cc, or substantially 1 g/cc.
- control system or control unit is configured to establish at the sensitizing agent introduction site at least one sensitizing agent concentration / flow rate or concentration / flow rate function that corresponds to or which will implement the selected explosive composition density or density profile / distribution, after the in-conduit / in-hose explosive composition constituents corresponding to the selected density or density profile / distribution have flowed away from the sensitizing agent introduction site through the conduit / hose and are output from the outlet structure thereof, based on one or more of: a. current or most-recent system configuration data, including: i. one or more of the set of sensitizing agents under consideration, ii. the explosive composition, iii.
- the void size stabilization agent includes a chemical agent that facilitates void (e.g., gas bubble) size management, predictability, or controllability (e.g., by way of reducing or preventing void coalescence associated with or attributed to Ostwald ripening and/or diffusion).
- void e.g., gas bubble
- predictability e.g., by way of reducing or preventing void coalescence associated with or attributed to Ostwald ripening and/or diffusion.
- the void size stabilization agent include or is a surface-active chemical composition that is soluble in an organic phase and is capable of one or more of: lowering the interfacial tension of a fuel, enhancing foaming, and increasing foam stability in the organic phase (e.g., a surface-active chemical composition that can reduce surface tension within aqueous / organic interfaces in high internal phase water-in-oil emulsions), optionally including a fluoro-aliphatic esther (e.g., EXSOL (Energy extending SOLution) available through Orica International Pte Ltd (Singapore)).
- EXSOL Energy extending SOLution
- the void size stabilization agents are introduced at one or more void size stabilization agent introduction sites positioned before, essentially at or at, and/or after the (chemical) sensitizing agent introduction site.
- a method/process for delivering or loading explosive compositions having with one or more programmably or selectably configurable densities or density profiles / distributions into boreholes, and for outputting into the borehole the explosive composition having the selected (e.g., programmably specified) density or density profile / distribution at the outlet structure of the conduit / hose) including: changing (including adjusting, modifying, or varying) a concentration / flow rate (which may be in accordance with a concentration / flow function, e.g., mathematical function or algorithm, such as a flow rate function) of a set of sensitizing agents (e.g., at least one chemical sensitizing agent, such as at least one chemical gassing agent) for an explosive composition, wherein the sensitizing agents are introduced at or into at least one (particular, structural) portion of an explosive composition loading system or apparatus (e.g., by way of a set of automatically actuatable / controllable valves and/or pumps associated with
- each void size stabilization agent introduction site is located: a. away from and hence is not proximate to the outlet structure of the conduit / hose (e.g., each void size stabilization agent introduction site is one or more meters, such as multiple, several, many, tens, or multiple tens of meters away from the outlet structure, in a manner analogous to that described above), wherein the control system or control unit is configurable or configured for managing or controlling the introduction of at least one void size stabilization agent into a set of void size stabilization introduction sites at particular times such that distinct or different lengthwise segments of the conduit / hose (e.g., which are also away from the outlet structure of the conduit / hose) can carry or contain distinct or different in-conduit / in-hose void size stabilization agent concentrations and/or types; or b.
- an end-of-hose conduit / hose structure e.g., which can be analogous, similar, generally identical, or essentially identical to an end-of-hose conduit / hose apparatus, structure, or nozzle device that can be configured for receiving / carrying and introducing the void size stabilization agent(s) into an explosive composition proximate to or at the end of the conduit / hose.
- a method/process for delivering or loading explosive compositions having with one or more programmably or selectably configurable densities or density profiles / distributions into boreholes
- FIG. ID is a graph showing median or average bubble size or length measurements in micrometers (pm) associated with the microscope images of FIGs. 1A - 1C, for (1) no BSSA; (2) 0.01% BSSA by mass in the ANE; (3.1) 0.02% BSSA by mass in the ANE corresponding to a first experimental trial; and (3.2) 0.02% BSSA by mass in the ANE corresponding to a second experimental trial, at times of approximately 40 minutes after mixing the set of gassing agents with the ANE and approximately 90 minutes after mixing the set of gassing agents with the ANE.
- FIGs. 3A - 3B are schematic illustrations showing aspects of a representative rotary union structure carried or supported by and coupled to a hose reel, where the rotary union structure is fluidically coupled to or includes a chemical gassing agent (CGA) introduction, delivery, or injection nozzle structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- CGA chemical gassing agent
- FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a non-limiting representative borehole loading scenario or sequence in which a plurality of boreholes are to be loaded, or have been loaded, with a chemically sensitizable or sensitized explosive composition by way of a system 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the control system can maintain a given (chemical) sensitizing agent concentration / flow rate or concentration / flow rate function across a selected / specified (e.g., automatically determined) time interval that will subsequently produce a target volume of explosive composition having the selected density or density profile / distribution across or along a target segment of the borehole, and more particularly, across or along a target length or depth of the borehole for boreholes having an approximately uniform or essentially constant diameter, when this explosive composition is output into the borehole.
- the target segment / target length of the borehole can correspond to or be specified by blast plan data corresponding to this borehole.
- a void size stabilization agent can be a chemical agent that facilitates void (e.g., gas bubble) size management, predictability, or controllability by way of reducing or preventing void coalescence associated with or attributed to “Ostwald ripening” and/or diffusion.
- a void size stabilization agent can include or be a surfaceactive chemical composition, which is soluble in an organic phase and is capable of at least some of lowering the interfacial tension of a fuel, enhancing foaming, and increasing foam stability in the organic phase (e.g., a surface-active chemical composition that can reduce surface tension within aqueous / organic interfaces in high internal phase water-in-oil emulsions).
- Such physical and temporal sequencing of in-conduit / in-hose material contents can occur by way of the control system changing, adjusting, or establishing concentration / flow rates of or concentration / flow rate functions for (a) a set of (chemical) sensitizing agents, and/or (b) a set of void size stabilization agents at particular times.
- a representative borehole 5 is shown as being formed or drilled in a downward direction relative to the surface of the earth or away from a surface 1 of a portion of a geologic formation such as a mine bench.
- a borehole 5 can be formed or drilled in an approximately horizontal direction, an upward direction, or an inclined direction relative to the surface of the earth or away from an exposed or accessible surface in a given type of mining environment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a non-limiting representative borehole loading scenario or sequence in which a plurality of boreholes 5a-c are to be loaded, or have been loaded, with a chemically sensitizable or sensitized explosive composition by way of a system 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 is provided in association with Table 1 below, which can correspond to a blast plan / loading plan for the plurality of boreholes 5a-c.
- first stemming material 2a can be introduced above the fourth segment S4, corresponding to an uppermost portion of the first borehole / blasthole 5a.
- second stemming material 2b can be introduced above the eighth segment S8, corresponding to the top of the second borehole / blasthole 5b; and after each segment S9 - S12 in the third borehole 5c has been loaded, third stemming material 2c can be introduced above the twelfth segment S12, corresponding to the top of the third borehole / blasthole 5c.
- this in-conduit / in-hose explosive composition product inventory in the product pump / mixer 170 plus the hose 200 totals to approximately 178 kg and is manufactured to have a neutral cup density of approximately 0.90, which “primes” the system 10 with an initial explosive composition product inventory from the chemical sensitizing agent introduction site 174 to the output end of hose 200.
- This initial or as-primed explosive composition product inventory is intended to be delivered into the first segment S 1 of the first borehole 5a.
- the hose 200 is lowered down into the first segment S 1 of the first borehole 5a accordingly.
- the control unit 190 changes the flow rate(s) of the set of chemical sensitizing agents from the neutral density in response to the predicted physical conditions and expected pressures to establish / maintain the target density corresponding to the second segment S2 in the first blasthole 5a.
- the control unit 190 begins to produce the required mass of explosive composition product within the system 10 for the second segment S2 in the first borehole 5a as (i) the hose is progressively withdrawn through the first segment SI in the first borehole 5a, and (ii) the previously manufactured neutral density product is delivered into the first segment S 1 in the first borehole 5a.
- control system 190 directs the further manufacture of approximately 106 kg of explosive composition product at unchanged, most-current, or same addition rate(s) or flow rate(s) for the set of chemical gassing agents, and directs the delivery of this additional 106 kg of explosive composition product into the second segment S2 of the first borehole 5a.
- this representative borehole loading scenario with a hose withdrawal rate of approximately 0.2m/s, the full loading of Segment 2 will be accomplished in approximately 1.5 seconds.
- Table 1 above indicates that a total of approximately 336 kg of explosive composition product should be manufactured for the third segment S3 of the first borehole 5a.
- approximately 178 kg of explosive composition product destined for and ready for loading into the third segment S3 of the first borehole 5a has been manufactured within the system 10 by the time the loading of the second segment S2 of the first borehole 5a has been completed.
- the hose 200 is progressively withdrawn through the third segment S3 of the first borehole 5a, and explosive composition product for this third segment S3 begins to be delivered therein.
- control system 190 directs the manufacture of approximately 158 kg of additional explosive composition product at an identical, most-current, or same chemical sensitization agent addition or flow rate, and continues to direct the delivery of such additional explosive composition product into the third segment S3 of the first borehole 5a.
- control system 190 again changes the addition or flow rate(s) of the set of chemical sensitization agents in response to the predicted physical conditions and expected pressures to establish / maintain the target density for the fourth segment S4 of the first borehole 5a, and the required mass of product destined for this fourth segment S4 begins to be produced at those conditions as the hose 200 is progressively withdrawn through the third segment S3 of the first borehole 5a.
- Daq (t) is Henry’s law coefficient of N2 at temperature (t) in aqueous phase (Pa/mole fraction of N2 dissolved);
- Nou (P,t, %em) is Moles of N2 dissolved/mole of fuel phase at temperature (t) and pressure (P);
- the mass flow delivery rate of the gasser (% ga sser) may be then calculated by converting molar flow rates in Eq 6 via the applicable molecular weight and the composition of the sensitising agent.
- the gasser flow rate for the position within the deck may be then calculated based on the following relationship: passer — ⁇ bulk ' %gasser (Eq 7) where rhbuik is the mass flow rate of the bulk product (kg/min), and m ga sser is the mass flow rate of the gasser flow (kg/min).
- Eq 7 passer — ⁇ bulk ' %gasser
- the uppermost explosive product composition segment in the first borehole 5a i.e., the fourth segment S4 of this borehole 5a
- Such an explosive composition product can: (i) act as a layer that resists floating in water when in-situ; (ii) be used safely for “top up” requirements, if needed; and, since the within-system or system-resident explosive product inventory of approximately 178 kg is greater than the as-designed or intended explosive product composition mass of approximately 82 kg for the fourth segment S4 of the first blasthole 5a Segment 4, (iii) be used to load some of the explosive composition product that will be pumped into the fifth segment S5 at the toe or base of the second borehole 5b.
- the control system 190 thus changes the addition or flow rate(s) for the set of chemical sensitizing agents in response to the predicted physical conditions and expected pressures to establish / maintain the target density for the sixth segment S6 in the second borehole 5b, and the required mass of explosive composition product will begin to be produced at these manufacture conditions (eventually totalling approximately 284 kg as indicated in Table 1), as the hose 200 is progressively withdrawn through the fifth segment S5 in the second borehole 5b, thereby delivering the 178kg of neutral density explosive composition product into and completing the loading of the fifth segment S5 in the second borehole 5b.
- the control system 190 gain changes the addition or flow rate(s) for the set of chemical sensitization agents in response to the predicted physical conditions and expected pressures to establish / maintain the target density for the eighth segment S8 of the second borehole 5b, and the required mass of explosive composition product of approximately 82 kg corresponding to this eighth segment S8 begins to be produced within the system 10 at these manufacturing conditions as the hose 200 is progressively withdrawn through the seventh segment S7 of the second borehole 5b.
- the control system 190 adjusts or changes the addition or flow rate(s) of the set of chemical sensitizing agents to manufacture approximately 178 kg of explosive composition product that will or is expected to provide an in-hole average density for the ninth segment S9 of the third borehole 5c of approximately 1.22, as indicated in Table 1.
- the control system 190 adjusts or changes the addition or flow rate(s) of the set of chemical sensitization agents in response to the predicted physical conditions and expected pressures to establish / maintain the target density for the tenth segment S10 of the third borehole 5c, and the required mass of explosive composition product destined for this tenth segment S10 will begin to be produced within the system at those manufacturing conditions.
- the within-system system inventory is approximately 178kg of explosive composition product that has been manufactured for providing the in-hole target density for the eleventh segment S 11 of the third borehole 5c.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Pipeline Systems (AREA)
- Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US202163239546P | 2021-09-01 | 2021-09-01 | |
| PCT/SG2022/050636 WO2023033743A1 (fr) | 2021-09-01 | 2022-09-01 | Systèmes et procédés pour charger des compositions explosives ayant des profils de densité définis de manière programmable/sélective dans des trous de forage |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4396524A1 true EP4396524A1 (fr) | 2024-07-10 |
| EP4396524A4 EP4396524A4 (fr) | 2025-07-23 |
Family
ID=85412698
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22865191.5A Pending EP4396524A4 (fr) | 2021-09-01 | 2022-09-01 | Systèmes et procédés pour charger des compositions explosives ayant des profils de densité définis de manière programmable/sélective dans des trous de forage |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250130028A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4396524A4 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2022339345A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3230471A1 (fr) |
| CL (1) | CL2024000644A1 (fr) |
| PE (1) | PE20241911A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023033743A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OA11987A (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2006-04-18 | Espanola Explosivos | Method and plant for in situ fabrication of explosives from water-based oxidant product. |
| ES2226529B1 (es) * | 2002-06-26 | 2006-06-01 | Union Española De Explosivos, S.A. | Procedimiento para la fabricacion "in situ" de mezclas explosivas. |
| SG11202005827SA (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2020-07-29 | Dyno Nobel Inc | Systems for automated loading of blastholes and methods related thereto |
| EP3556741A1 (fr) * | 2018-04-16 | 2019-10-23 | Maxamcorp Holding, S.L. | Procédé et installation pour le chargement de puits de forage avec une suspension en vrac à base d'eau ou des explosifs de type gel aqueux |
| CN110779406B (zh) * | 2019-08-30 | 2022-04-19 | 中煤科工集团淮北爆破技术研究院有限公司 | 现场混装乳化炸药变密度分段装药方法及装置 |
-
2022
- 2022-09-01 WO PCT/SG2022/050636 patent/WO2023033743A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-09-01 PE PE2024000362A patent/PE20241911A1/es unknown
- 2022-09-01 US US18/687,886 patent/US20250130028A1/en active Pending
- 2022-09-01 EP EP22865191.5A patent/EP4396524A4/fr active Pending
- 2022-09-01 CA CA3230471A patent/CA3230471A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-09-01 AU AU2022339345A patent/AU2022339345A1/en active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-03-01 CL CL2024000644A patent/CL2024000644A1/es unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA3230471A1 (fr) | 2023-03-09 |
| WO2023033743A1 (fr) | 2023-03-09 |
| AU2022339345A1 (en) | 2024-03-28 |
| PE20241911A1 (es) | 2024-09-19 |
| EP4396524A4 (fr) | 2025-07-23 |
| US20250130028A1 (en) | 2025-04-24 |
| CL2024000644A1 (es) | 2024-09-27 |
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