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EP4377985A1 - Disjoncteur et procédé - Google Patents

Disjoncteur et procédé

Info

Publication number
EP4377985A1
EP4377985A1 EP22783315.9A EP22783315A EP4377985A1 EP 4377985 A1 EP4377985 A1 EP 4377985A1 EP 22783315 A EP22783315 A EP 22783315A EP 4377985 A1 EP4377985 A1 EP 4377985A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unit
low
switching device
current
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22783315.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marvin TANNHÄUSER
Manfred Heindl
Jörg Hußmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP4377985A1 publication Critical patent/EP4377985A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/547—Combinations of mechanical switches and static switches, the latter being controlled by the former
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/14—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/548—Electromechanical and static switch connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/10—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess voltage, e.g. for lightning protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/12—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by voltage falling below a predetermined value, e.g. for no-volt protection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of a protective switching device for a low-voltage circuit with an electronic interruption unit according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a method for a protective switching device for a low-voltage circuit with an electronic interruption unit according to the preamble of patent claim 14.
  • Low voltage means voltages of up to 1000 volts AC or up to 1500 volts DC.
  • Low voltage means, in particular, voltages that are greater than extra-low voltage, with values of 50 volts AC or 120 volts DC.
  • Low-voltage circuits or networks or systems mean circuits with rated currents or rated currents of up to 125 amperes, more specifically up to 63 amperes.
  • Low-voltage circuits mean, in particular, circuits with rated currents or rated currents of up to 50 amperes, 40 amperes, 32 amperes, 25 amperes, 16 amperes or 10 amperes.
  • the current values mentioned refer in particular to nominal, rated and/or cut-off currents, i.e. the maximum current that is normally carried through the circuit or at which the electrical circuit is usually interrupted, for example by a protective device such as a protective switching device , miniature circuit breakers or circuit breakers.
  • Miniature circuit breakers have long been known overcurrent protection devices that are used in electrical installation technology in low-voltage circuits. These protect lines from damage caused by heating due to excessive current and/or short circuits.
  • a circuit breaker can switch off the circuit in the event of an overload and/or Switch off the short circuit automatically.
  • a miniature circuit breaker is a safety element that does not reset automatically.
  • circuit breakers In contrast to miniature circuit breakers, circuit breakers are intended for currents greater than 125 A, sometimes even from 63 amperes. Miniature circuit breakers are therefore simpler and more delicate in design. Miniature circuit breakers usually have a mounting option for mounting on a so-called top-hat rail (mounting rail, DIN rail, TH35).
  • Miniature circuit breakers are built electromechanically. In a housing, they have a mechanical switching contact or shunt trip for interrupting (tripping) the electrical current.
  • a bimetallic protective element or bimetallic element is usually used for tripping (interruption) in the event of prolonged overcurrent (overcurrent protection) or thermal overload (overload protection).
  • An electromagnetic release with a coil is used for brief release when an overcurrent limit value is exceeded or in the event of a short circuit (short-circuit protection).
  • One or more arc quenching chamber(s) or devices for arc quenching are provided. Furthermore, connection elements for conductors of the electrical circuit to be protected.
  • Protective switching devices with an electronic interrupting unit are relatively new developments. These have a semiconductor-based electronic interruption unit. This means that the electrical current flow of the low-voltage circuit is routed via semiconductor components or semiconductor switches, which interrupt the electrical current flow or can be switched to be conductive.
  • Protective switching devices with an electronic interruption unit also often have a mechanical isolating contact system, in particular with isolating properties in accordance with relevant standards for low-voltage circuits, the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact system are connected in series with the electronic interrupting unit, ie the current of the low-voltage circuit to be protected is routed both via the mechanical isolating contact system and via the electronic interrupting unit.
  • the present invention relates in particular to low-voltage AC circuits with an AC voltage, usually with a time-dependent sinusoidal AC voltage with the frequency f.
  • a harmonic AC voltage can be represented by the rotation of a pointer whose length corresponds to the amplitude (U) of the voltage.
  • the instantaneous deflection is the projection of the pointer onto a coordinate system.
  • An oscillation period corresponds to a full rotation of the pointer and its full angle is 2 ⁇ (2Pi) or 360°.
  • the angular frequency is the rate of change of the phase angle of this rotating phasor.
  • the time-dependent value from the angular velocity to and the time t corresponds to the time-dependent angle ⁇ (t), which is also referred to as the phase angle ⁇ (t).
  • the object of the present invention is to improve a protective switching device of the type mentioned at the outset, in particular to improve the safety of such a protective switching device or to create a new concept for such a protective switching device.
  • a protective switching device for protecting an electrical low-voltage circuit, in particular a low-voltage alternating current circuit, having:
  • a mechanical isolating contact unit that can be operated and switched by a mechanical handle, so that opening of contacts to avoid a current flow or closing of the contacts for a current flow in the low-voltage circuit (through the handle) can be switched, so that (in particular ) a galvanic isolation can be switched in the low-voltage circuit;
  • opening contacts is also referred to as disconnecting and closing contacts is referred to as connecting;
  • an electronic interruption unit which is connected in series with the mechanical isolating contact unit on the circuit side and which, by means of semiconductor-based switching elements, ensures a high-impedance (in particular non-conductive) state of the switching elements to prevent current flow and a low-impedance (conductive) state of the switching elements for having current flow in the low voltage circuit;
  • a high-impedance (in particular non-conductive) state of the switching elements (to prevent current flow) is also referred to as the switched-off state (process: switching off) and a low-impedance (conductive) state of the switching elements (to current flow) as switched-on state (operation: switching on) denotes;
  • control unit which is connected to the (first) voltage sensor unit, the current sensor unit, the mechanical isolating contact unit and the electronic interrupting unit, whereby when current limit values or current time limit values are exceeded (i.e. when a current limit value for a specific Time period is exceeded) an avoidance of a current flow of the low-voltage circuit is initiated, in particular to avoid a short-circuit current.
  • the protective switching device is inventively designed such that a user of the protective switching device mechanical handle (for a switch-on process) operated to close the contacts (switch-on process), the electronic interruption unit is high-impedance. After the contacts have closed, the electronic interruption unit only has a low resistance when a checking function allows the switching elements to have a low resistance (switch-on process completed).
  • increased operational safety is achieved, whereby, for example, a device with defective protective functions, in which the checking function does not permit a low-impedance state, does not switch on in the circuit as a live device that assumes a protective function.
  • a completely new operating concept in which a user of the protective switching device can switch it on (i.e. the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are closed by the mechanical handle), but not switch it on (the switching elements of the electronic interruption unit are not in a low-impedance state).
  • Switching on is carried out exclusively by the protective switching device itself. Switching on the protective switching device, i.e. a current flow in the low-voltage circuit, cannot be forced by the user. In particular, the user cannot force the protective switching device to be switched on, even when the protective switching device is in a fault-free state or the low-voltage circuit is fault-free (e.g. no short circuit).
  • the protective switching device thus contains two switching units, a mechanical isolating contact unit (switching unit) and an electronic interruption unit (switching unit), wherein
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit has the function for (galvanic) connection and disconnection (performs/takes over), and - the electronic interrupting unit the function to.
  • a display unit for displaying information is provided on the protective switching device, which is connected to the control unit (SE).
  • the display unit shows the states of the protective switching device.
  • the information display shows in particular the status of the switching elements of the electronic interruption unit. Furthermore, in particular the position of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit can be displayed.
  • the checking function has a self-test of the functionality of the protective switching device, in which at least one component, in particular a plurality of components, of a unit, in particular a plurality of units, of the protective switching device is (are) checked, and in the case of functions ability of the at least one component, in particular a plurality of components, a unit, in particular a plurality of units, the low-impedance state (of the electronic interrupting unit) is permitted.
  • a self-test of the functionality of at least one component of a unit of the Protective switching device consists in the values supplied by the component of the unit or unit, for example the voltage sensor unit or current sensor unit, to the control unit, for example values of the determined level of the voltage or current, defined limit values (upper and/or lower limit values) do not exceed or fall below .
  • the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are opened if there is a lack of functionality (lack of functionality of the protective switching device during the self-test).
  • the electronic interruption unit is checked with regard to functionality to the effect that the semiconductor-based switching element is functional.
  • Short-term means a certain period of time, in particular a period of less than 1 ms or less than 5 ms.
  • short-term is also meant a time range of the phase angle of the AC voltage in which the instantaneous Voltage value u(t) of the AC voltage, in particular the magnitude of the instantaneous voltage value, is less than a specific voltage value, for example less than or equal to 50 volts.
  • the electronic interrupter unit can be used for this period / this period or a part of this period / this period to check the functionality be switched to low resistance.
  • the magnitude of the current or the magnitude of the voltage at the load-side connection determined during this brief switch-on, for example by a second voltage sensor unit, can be evaluated in order to conclude that the electronic interruption unit or the semiconductor-based switching element is functional. If the voltage level at the connection on the load side is the same as at the connection on the mains side when it is briefly switched on, the electronic interruption unit or the semiconductor-based switching element is, for example, functional (provided there is no short circuit on the connection on the load side). In addition, the level of the current can therefore be evaluated in parallel.
  • the electronic interruption unit is checked with regard to functionality to the effect that an overvoltage protection component, such as an energy absorber or overvoltage protection element, of the electronic interruption unit is operable.
  • an overvoltage protection component such as an energy absorber or overvoltage protection element
  • the check can be done, for example, in that the electronic interruption unit briefly is switched on, ie the semiconductor-based switching element is briefly switched to low resistance, see above.
  • a check can be carried out by monitoring the level of the voltage and/or the current, since an overvoltage protection component generally generates short-term current flows during such switching operations, which can be evaluated. From this it can be concluded that it is functional.
  • This has the particular advantage that a protective switching device with a faulty or defective electronic interruption unit is not switched on (no current flow is permitted through high-impedance switching elements), so that increased operational reliability is achieved in the low-voltage circuit.
  • the (first) voltage sensor unit is checked with regard to its functionality for determining the magnitude of the voltage. This can be done, for example, on the one hand by the (first) voltage sensor unit supplying values of the magnitude of the voltage that do not exceed defined limit values (upper and/or lower limit values) or are within an expected range of values.
  • a second voltage sensor unit for example the first voltage sensor unit at the line-side connection and a second voltage sensor unit at the load-side connection
  • both voltage values being compared with one another, in particular when the electronic interruption unit is switched off/on (and closed contacts) .
  • Corresponding deviations in the voltage levels allow conclusions to be drawn about the functionality for determining the voltage level. For example, if the voltage difference is too high, there is no functionality.
  • there is a simple way of checking the functionality of a unit in this case the voltage
  • the current sensor unit is checked with regard to its functionality for determining the magnitude of the current.
  • the check can be carried out, for example, by briefly switching on the electronic interruption unit, i.e. the semiconductor-based switching element is briefly switched to low resistance, see above.
  • the current level determined can be checked. If the value of the determined current level is in an expected value range, e .g . functionality, otherwise e.g. not .
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the temperature of the device, a unit and/or a component is monitored.
  • the monitoring of the temperature of the microprocessor, the semiconductor-based switching elements or other semiconductor elements is advantageous here. If the temperature exceeds certain temperature limit values, the operability is missing or endangered.
  • the checking function carries out a check of at least one, in particular several or all, of the following parameters:
  • Overvoltage or overvoltage value means that the valid operating voltage is exceeded . This does not mean the levels of overvoltage dips, for example in the case of so-called bursts or surges, which can typically be around 4 kV or 8 kV (in a 230 volt or 400 volt network), so-called network overvoltages (i.e. for example the ten times the normative voltage of the low-voltage circuit) .
  • the first overvoltage value can be a certain percentage higher than the normative voltage value. For example, with a normative voltage value of 230 volts, for example 10% higher, 230V + 10%.
  • the second overvoltage value can be a certain higher percentage higher than the normative voltage value. For example, with a normative voltage value of 230 volts, for example 20% higher, 230V + 20%.
  • the third overvoltage value can be a certain even higher percentage higher than the normative voltage value. For example, with a normative voltage value of 230 volts, for example 30% higher, 230V + 30%. This has the particular advantage that e.g.
  • a protective switching device is not connected to a network with a deviating standard voltage (operating voltage) or to a load with faulty parameters. So e.g. a lack of protection in the event of incorrect connection of e .g . a 230 volt circuit breaker to e.g. the two phases with a voltage of 400 volts can be detected and avoided, and an incorrect supply of a load with too high a voltage can be avoided. A related potential destruction of the protective switching device can also be avoided. In a similar way, switching on after a short circuit can be detected and avoided before the full supply voltage is switched on. Similarly, if the voltage is too low (a 230 volt device in a 115 volt network), problems and a lack of protection can be avoided. In this way, increased operational reliability is achieved in the low-voltage circuit.
  • the electronic interruption unit if the first overvoltage value is exceeded, overvoltage information is output, if the second overvoltage value is exceeded, the electronic interruption unit becomes high-impedance, if the third overvoltage value is exceeded, it opens of the contacts (release) by the mechanical isolating contact unit, if the voltage falls below the first undervoltage value, undervoltage information is given and/or the electronic interruption unit remains at high resistance (in particular with a third undervoltage limit value), in particular if the voltage level is greater than a second undervoltage value, if the first temperature limit value is exceeded, temperature information is output, if the second temperature limit value is exceeded, the electronic interrupter unit becomes highly resistive, if the third temperature limit value is exceeded, the Contacts (disconnection), when the load-side first resistance value or load-side first impedance value is undershot, impedance information is output, or when the load-side second resistance value or load-side second impedance value is undershot, the electronic interruption unit remains at high resistance
  • the checking function continuously checks at least one, in particular several or all, of the parameters. This occurs in particular if the contacts have not been opened. If the value no longer exceeds or falls below the respective parameter(s), a low-impedance state of the switching elements is permitted.
  • the electronic interruption unit When a current is determined that exceeds a first current threshold value, in particular that the first current threshold value is exceeded for a first period of time, the electronic interruption unit has a high resistance and the mechanical isolating contact unit remains closed.
  • the electronic interruption unit becomes highly resistive immediately or almost immediately.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit can also be opened.
  • the protective switching device is designed in such a way that the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit can be opened by the control unit but cannot be closed.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit has a trip-free mechanism such that if the contacts begin to open after the contacts have started to close, the contacts return to the open position even if the closing process continues .
  • the moving contacts will return to and remain in the open position, even if the process of closing the contacts is maintained by the handle.
  • the protective switching device has a residual current sensor for determining residual currents in the low-voltage circuit.
  • the protective switching device can be expanded to include a residual current detection function.
  • a compact, versatile protective switching device is available. According to the invention, a corresponding method for a protective switching device for a low-voltage circuit with electronic (semiconductor-based) switching elements with the same and additional advantages is claimed.
  • the method for a circuit breaker protecting a low voltage electrical circuit comprising:
  • a mechanical isolating contact unit that can be operated by a mechanical handle, so that an opening of contacts can be switched to prevent a current flow or a closing of the contacts can be switched to a current flow in the low-voltage circuit
  • an electronic interruption unit which is connected in series with the mechanical isolating contact unit on the circuit side and which, thanks to semiconductor-based switching elements, has a high-impedance state of the switching elements to prevent current flow and a low-impedance state of the switching elements to current flow in the low-voltage circuit
  • a user of the protective switching device can use the mechanical handle (for a switch-on process) to close the contacts (switch-on process), the electronic interruption unit is high-impedance, after the contacts have been closed, the electronic interruption unit is only low-impedance if a check is carried out - function allows a low-impedance state of the switching elements.
  • the computer program product includes instructions which, when the program is executed by a microcontroller, cause the latter to perform a checking function to carry out a protective switching device according to one of Patent Claims 1 to 15.
  • the microcontroller is part of the protective switching device, in particular the control unit.
  • a corresponding computer-readable storage medium on which the computer program product is stored is claimed.
  • Figure 1 shows a first representation of a protective switching device
  • FIG. 2 shows a second representation of a protective switching device
  • FIG. 3 shows a third representation of a protective switching device
  • FIG. 4 shows a representation of states of a protective switching device
  • FIG. 5 shows a fourth representation of a protective switching device.
  • Figure 1 shows a representation of a protective switching device SG for. Protection of a low voltage electrical circuit with an enclosure GEH comprising:
  • Connections for conductors of the low-voltage circuit in particular first network-side connections L1, N1 for a network-side, in particular energy-source-side, connection EQ of the protective switching device SG and second load-side connections L2, N2 for a load-side, in particular energy-sink side - in the case of passive loads
  • Connection ES (load-side connection) of the protective switching device SG it being possible for connections L1, L2 on the phase conductor side and connections N1, N2 on the neutral conductor side to be provided
  • the load-side connection L2, N2 can have a passive load (consumer) and/or an active load ((further) energy source), or a load that can be both passive and active, e.g. in chronological order;
  • a current sensor unit SI for determining the level of the current of the low-voltage circuit, such that in particular instantaneous (phase angle-related) current values DI are available,
  • a mechanical isolating contact unit MK which can be operated and switched in particular by a mechanical handle, so that opening of contacts to avoid a current flow or closing of the contacts for a current flow in the low-voltage circuit (through the handle) can be switched, so that is (in particular) a galvanic isolation in the low-voltage circuit can be switched; with the MK mechanical isolating contact unit, opening contacts is also referred to as disconnecting and closing contacts is referred to as connecting;
  • an electronic interruption unit EU which is connected in series with the mechanical isolating contact unit on the circuit side is connected and which, due to semiconductor-based switching elements, has a high-impedance state of the switching elements to prevent current flow and a low-impedance state of the switching elements to current flow in the low-voltage circuit;
  • a high-impedance state of the switching elements to prevent current flow
  • a low-resistance (conductive) state of the switching elements to current flow
  • control unit SE which is connected to the (first) voltage sensor unit SU, the current sensor unit SI, the mechanical isolating contact unit MK and the electronic interruption unit EU, whereby when current limit values or current time limit values are exceeded (i.e. when a current - limit value is exceeded for a specific period of time), avoidance of a current flow in the low-voltage circuit is initiated, in particular to avoid a short-circuit current.
  • the line-side connections L1, N1 are connected on the one hand to the mechanical isolating contact unit MK.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is connected to the electronic interruption unit EU.
  • the electronic interruption unit EU is connected to the load-side connections L2, N2.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is connected to the load-side connections L2, N2 and the electronic interruption unit EU is connected to the line-side connections L1, N1.
  • a power pack for supplying energy is then advantageously (directly) connected to the mains-side connections, so that it is constantly supplied with energy from the mains-side connections and the energy source EQ usually present there.
  • the checking function can be started or carried out before the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit are closed.
  • the (first) voltage sensor unit SU and the current sensor unit SI are arranged between the mechanical isolating contact unit MK and the electronic interruption unit EU.
  • a second voltage sensor unit can be arranged between the electronic interruption unit EU and the load-side connections L2, N2.
  • the protective switching device SG can have an energy supply with a power pack NT (not shown in FIG. 1).
  • the power pack NT is connected to the conductors of the low-voltage circuit, preferably to the conductors between the mechanical isolating contact system MK and the electronic interruption unit EU.
  • the power pack NT is used to supply energy to the control unit SE and/or the electronic interruption unit EU and, if applicable, the first (or/and second) voltage sensor SU and/or current sensor SI.
  • the computer program product can advantageously be stored on a computer-readable storage medium; such as a USB stick, CD-ROM, etc. ; be stored, e.g. allow an upgrade to an advanced version.
  • control unit SE can:
  • the protective switching device SG in particular the control unit SE, is designed in such a way that when current limit values or current time limit values are exceeded (i.e. when a current limit value is exceeded for a certain period of time), avoidance of a current flow in the low-voltage circuit is initiated, in particular to avoid a short- to avoid short-circuit current. This is achieved in particular by the electronic interruption unit EU changing from the low-impedance state to the high-impedance state.
  • the avoidance of a current flow in the low-voltage circuit is initiated, for example, by a first interruption signal TRIP, which is sent from the control unit SE to the electronic interruption unit EU, as shown in FIG.
  • the electronic interruption unit EU is drawn in as a block in both conductors.
  • At least one conductor, in particular the active conductor or phase conductor, has semiconductor-based switching elements.
  • the neutral conductor can be free of switching elements, ie without semiconductor-based switching elements. This means that the neutral conductor is connected directly, ie it does not become highly resistive. Ie there is only a single-pole interruption (of the phase conductor). If further active conductors/phase conductors are provided, the phase conductors have semiconductor-based switching elements in a second variant of the electronic interruption unit EU. The neutral conductor is connected directly, ie it does not become highly resistive. For example for a three-phase AC circuit.
  • the neutral conductor can also have a semiconductor-based switching element, ie when the electronic interruption unit EU is interrupted, both conductors become highly resistive.
  • the electronic interruption unit EU can have semiconductor components such as bipolar transistors, field effect transistors (FET), isolated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), metal oxide layer field effect transistors (MOSFET) or other (self-guided) power semiconductors.
  • IGBTs and MOSFETs in particular are particularly well suited for the protective switching device according to the invention due to low flow resistances, high junction resistances and good switching behavior.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK can interrupt on a single pole. This means that only one of the two conductors, in particular the active conductor or phase conductor, is interrupted, i.e. there is mechanical contact. The neutral conductor is then contact-free, i.e. the neutral conductor is directly connected.
  • phase conductors have mechanical contacts of the mechanical isolating contact system.
  • neutral conductor is directly connected. For example for a three-phase AC circuit.
  • the neutral conductor also has mechanical contacts, as shown in FIG.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK means, in particular, a (standard-compliant) isolating function, implemented by the isolating contact unit MK.
  • a (standard-compliant) isolating function implemented by the isolating contact unit MK.
  • the isolating function the following points are always possible: -minimum air gap according to the standard (minimum clearance of the contacts), -contact position display of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact system, -actuation of the mechanical isolating contact system (no blocking of the isolating contact system), meant.
  • the DIN EN 60947 or IEC 60947 series of standards are relevant for the isolating function and its properties, to which reference is made here.
  • the isolating contact system is advantageously characterized by a minimum clearance of the opened isolating contacts in the opening (open position, open contacts) depending on the rated impulse withstand voltage and the degree of contamination.
  • the minimum clearance is in particular between (at the minimum) 0.01 mm and 14 mm.
  • the minimum clearance is advantageously between 0.01 mm at 0.33 kV and 14 mm at 12 kV, in particular for degree of pollution 1 and in particular for inhomogeneous fields.
  • the minimum clearance can advantageously have the following values: E DIN EN 60947-1 (VDE 0660-100):2018-06
  • the pollution degrees and field types correspond to those defined in the standards.
  • a protective switching device that is dimensioned according to the rated impulse withstand voltage and conforms to the standard can advantageously be achieved.
  • the mechanical isolating contact unit MK can alternatively or additionally be controlled by the control unit SE in order to initiate an avoidance of current flow in the low-voltage circuit when current limit values or current-time limit values are exceeded. Specifically, if necessary causes a galvanic separation. The initiation of avoiding a current flow or a possibly.
  • Galvanic interruption of the low-voltage circuit is effected, for example, by a second interruption signal TRIPG that is sent from the control unit SE to the mechanical isolating contact system MK, as shown in FIG.
  • a second interruption signal TRIPG that is sent from the control unit SE to the mechanical isolating contact system MK, as shown in FIG.
  • an interruption of the low-voltage circuit can be initiated, in particular by the mechanical isolating contact unit MK, when the current level is determined which exceeds the second current threshold value.
  • the second current threshold value corresponds, for example, to the standard current (time) limit values, i.e. the I (t) characteristics for protective devices, for example according to the IEC 60947 or IEC 60898 standard.
  • the specialist selects the selected current (time) limit values according to the present use / application.
  • the third current threshold value can be selected according to standardized current-time limit values, i.e. the I-t characteristics for protection devices, for example according to the IEC 60947 or IEC 60898 standard. cation.
  • the protective switching device SG is designed according to the invention in such a way that the electronic interruption unit EU has a high resistance in the disconnected state, i.e. when the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK are open. If a user of the protective switching device SG operates the mechanical handle for a switch-on process in order to close the contacts, a checking function is carried out, in particular after the contacts have been closed (i.e. switched on). If the checking function delivers a positive result, the electronic interruption unit EU has a low resistance. Otherwise not.
  • FIG. 2 shows a protective switching device SG according to FIG. 1, with the difference that: the electronic interrupting unit EU is designed as a single-pole interrupting unit, the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is designed as a two-pole interrupting unit is designed (galvanically interrupting), a power supply NT is provided that is connected between the mechanical isolating contact unit MK and electronic interrupting unit EU, the power supply NT supplies the control unit SE with energy (indicated by an arrow).
  • FIG. 3 shows a possible external representation of a protective switching device SG according to FIG. 1 or 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows a protective switching device SG that can be mounted on a top-hat rail and has a width of z.B. 1 TE, 1, 5 TE or 2 TE with two-pole connections (L, N) .
  • the width of built-in devices such as protective switching devices, miniature circuit breakers, residual current circuit breakers, etc. is specified in modular widths, or TE for short.
  • the width of a pitch unit is ⁇ 18 mm.
  • a single-pole circuit breaker has a width of 1 HP.
  • the built-in components of electrical installation distributors are matched to the pitch units according to DIN 43871 "Small installation distributors for built-in devices up to 63 A", e .g . the width of mounting rails/top-hat rails.
  • FIG. 3 shows the protective switching device SG with a handle HH for the mechanical isolating contact unit MK.
  • the handle HH of the mechanical isolating contact unit MK can be operated by a user, ie it can be switched on and off.
  • the protective switching device SG according to FIG. 3 has a display unit AE for displaying information on the protective switching device SG.
  • the display unit AE is integrated in the handle HH.
  • the handle HH can advantageously serve as a contact position display (in particular be part of the display unit AE).
  • the display unit AE has z .B. (At least) one light-emitting diode/light-emitting diode, for example a two-color light-emitting diode, which z.B. flashing amber or glowing red. In the example according to FIG. 3, the light-emitting diode is partially covered depending on the position of the handle.
  • the display unit AE shows, for example, a green state, for example by means of a colored marking, in the example on or in the area of the handle HH.
  • the protective switching device SG is switched on and off, i.e. the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is closed and the electronic interrupter unit EU has a high resistance.
  • the protective switching device SG has no energy supply because, for example, the electrical low-voltage circuit is dead.
  • the display unit AE shows, for example, a yellow status, for example by means of a colored marking, in the example on or in the area of the handle HH.
  • a third state Z3 the protective switching device SG is switched on but still switched off, ie the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is closed and the electronic interruption unit EU has a high resistance.
  • the protective switching device SG is (normally) supplied with energy. However, the protective switching device SG is not yet switched on, ie current cannot yet flow in the electrical low-voltage circuit.
  • the protective switching device SG carries out its checking function, for example.
  • the display unit AE shows, for example, a flashing yellow one State, for example by a flashing light emitting diode, in the example on or in the area of the handle HH, as indicated in Figure 3.
  • a fourth state Z4 the protective switching device SG is switched on and switched on, i.e. the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is closed and the electronic interruption unit EU has a low resistance.
  • the protective switching device SG is (normally) supplied with energy.)
  • a current can flow in the electrical low-voltage circuit.
  • the protective switching device SG has, for example, ended its checking function with a positive result.
  • the display unit AE shows, for example, a red state, for example by means of a red luminous diode/light emitting diode, in the example on or in the area of the handle HH, as indicated in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 shows the states Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 of the protective switching device SG.
  • the second and third states Z2, Z3 are combined to form a mode control.
  • the protective switching device SG essentially has three modes.
  • a first mode OFF in which the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is open and the electronic interruption unit EU is high-impedance
  • a second CONTROL mode in which the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is closed and the electronic interrupting unit EU has a high resistance
  • a third mode ON in which the mechanical isolating contact unit MK is closed and the electronic interruption unit EU is low-impedance.
  • a change from the first mode OFF to the second mode CONTROL is only possible manually by a user by actuating the handle BT.
  • a change from the second CONTROL mode back to the first OFF mode is possible manually by a user by actuating the handle BT and optionally by the control unit SE.
  • a change from the second mode CONTROL to the third mode ON and back is only possible "automatically" by the protective switching device SG itself, through an automatic switch-on process AE (or automatic switch-off process - for example, when a short-circuit condition is met). In particular, a user cannot force a change from the second mode CONTROL to the third mode ON.
  • the checking function includes a self-test of the functionality of the protective switching device.
  • this self-test at least one component, in particular a plurality of components, of a unit, in particular a plurality of units, of the protective switching device SG is checked. If the tested components or units are functional, the low-impedance state is permitted. Otherwise, disconnection can advantageously take place, i.e. the contacts can be opened (in particular, a galvanic isolation can be brought about).
  • a self-test of the functionality of at least one component of a unit of the protective switching device can consist of the values supplied by the component of the unit or the unit, for example the voltage sensor unit or current sensor unit, to the control unit, for example values of the determined level of the voltage or of the current, do not exceed defined limit values (upper and/or lower limit values).
  • a further self-test can consist in the electronic interruption unit being switched on for a short time, ie the semiconductor-based switching element is switched to low resistance for a short time.
  • the semiconductor-based switching element is switched to low resistance for a short time.
  • a specific period of time during which the instantaneous voltage value u(t) of the AC voltage does not exceed a specific value, for example 50 volts.
  • the AC voltage can be switched on (electronic interruption unit EU low-impedance), ie until the instantaneous voltage value has reached a maximum of 50 volts.
  • the semiconductor-based switching element is switched to low resistance for a short time.
  • the switch-on period is less than 1 ms, in particular less than 0.9 ms, more specifically around 0.8 ms (or in each case half, in each case depending on the switch-on time).
  • a second voltage sensor unit SU2 can be provided for a further test, which is provided between the electronic interruption unit EU and the load-side connection, i.e. at the load-side connection, as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows a protective switching device SG according to FIG. 2, with the difference that a corresponding second voltage sensor unit SU2 is provided.
  • a release unit/release function (not shown in detail) is provided in FIG. 5, which causes release of the actuation of the contacts of the mechanical isolating contact unit by the handle HH.
  • a release signal Enable which is sent from the control unit to the isolating contact unit in the example according to FIG. 5, the contacts KKL, KKN can only be closed by the handle. Otherwise, closing is not possible (permanent slipping of the handle HH). The contacts remain in the open position / switching state.
  • this release unit/function is expedient, particularly if the electronic interruption unit is connected to the line-side connection or the control unit is also supplied with energy when the contacts are open.
  • the protective switching device in the example the mechanical isolating contact unit, is designed in such a way that position information of the contacts (open/closed) is determined and transmitted to the control unit SE is, for example by a position signal POSI.
  • the position information can be determined, for example, by a first position sensor, which is provided in particular in or on the mechanical isolating contact unit, which is connected to the control unit.
  • information about the position of the handle can be determined and transmitted to the control unit SE (by means of a handle position signal (not shown)).
  • the handling information can be determined, for example, by a second position sensor that is connected to the control unit.
  • the protective switching device is advantageously designed in such a way that position information of the contacts (open/closed) is determined and transmitted to the control unit SE.
  • the position information can be determined, for example, by a first position sensor that is connected to the control unit.
  • the protective switching device is advantageously designed in such a way that handling information about the position of the handle (open/closed) is determined and transmitted to the control unit SE.
  • the handling information can be determined, for example, by a second position sensor that is connected to the control unit.
  • the electronic interrupting unit or the semiconductor-based switching element is, for example, functional (provided there is no short circuit on the connection on the load side).
  • the level of the current can be evaluated in parallel.
  • the self-test of the device can also include a temperature measurement, for example of the microprocessor or the semiconductor-based switching elements. By monitoring the temperature on the microprocessor, for example, it is possible to check the control unit.
  • the verification function can also include a test of the low-voltage circuit, more specifically the load-side or line-side connection. For example, at least one, in particular several or all, of the following parameters can be checked:
  • the check for overvoltage and undervoltage values can be carried out using specific measurements by the voltage sensor unit.
  • the limit values can be defined as already shown.
  • the check for parameters of the load-side connection in particular whether the resistance value falls below a first and/or second load-side resistance value or a first and/or second impedance value on the load-side, can also be carried out, for example, by briefly switching on the electronic interruption unit and taking measurements using the voltage and current sensor unit become. The determined values are compared with the specified first and second resistance or impedance values.
  • the parameters to be checked i.e.
  • High-impedance means a state in which only a current of negligible magnitude flows.
  • resistance values greater than 1 kilohm, more preferably greater than 10 kilohms, 100 kilohms, 1 megohm, 10 megohms, 100 megohms, 1 gigaohm, or greater.
  • Low-impedance means a state in which the specified current value can flow.
  • low-impedance means resistance values that are less than 10 ohms, better less than 1 ohm, 100 milliohms, 10 milliohms, 1 milliohm, 100 microohms or less.

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un disjoncteur pour la protection d'un circuit électrique basse tension, comprenant : - la fonction de détermination du niveau du courant du circuit basse tension, - une unité de contacts de séparation mécanique qui peut être actionnée à l'aide d'une poignée mécanique de telle sorte qu'une fonction d'ouverture de contacts peut être commutée afin d'empêcher un flux de courant ou une fonction de fermeture des contacts peut être commutée pour un flux de courant dans le circuit basse tension, et - une unité d'interruption électronique qui est reliée en série à l'unité de contacts de séparation mécanique sur le côté circuit et qui, en conséquence d'éléments de commutation à base de semi-conducteurs, présente un état ohmique élevé des éléments de commutation afin d'empêcher un flux de courant et un état ohmique faible des éléments de commutation pour un flux de courant dans le circuit basse tension, - le niveau de courant déterminé étant comparé à des seuils de courant et si les seuils de courant sont dépassés, un processus pour empêcher le flux de courant dans le circuit basse tension est démarré. Selon l'invention, un utilisateur du disjoncteur utilise la poignée mécanique pour fermer les contacts, ladite unité d'interruption électronique étant à un niveau ohmique élevé. Après fermeture des contacts, l'unité d'interruption électronique est à un niveau ohmique faible uniquement après qu'une fonction de vérification permet un état ohmique faible des éléments de commutation.
EP22783315.9A 2021-09-28 2022-09-12 Disjoncteur et procédé Pending EP4377985A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021210824.5A DE102021210824A1 (de) 2021-09-28 2021-09-28 Schutzschaltgerät und Verfahren
PCT/EP2022/075277 WO2023052114A1 (fr) 2021-09-28 2022-09-12 Disjoncteur et procédé

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EP4377985A1 true EP4377985A1 (fr) 2024-06-05

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US (1) US20240395476A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4377985A1 (fr)
CN (2) CN118020131A (fr)
DE (1) DE102021210824A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023052114A1 (fr)

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DE102020216409B4 (de) * 2020-12-21 2022-08-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schutzschaltgerät und Verfahren

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DE102018209114B3 (de) * 2018-06-08 2019-03-21 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Schutzschalter mit Überwachungseinrichtung und Verfahren hierfür
US11170964B2 (en) * 2019-05-18 2021-11-09 Amber Solutions, Inc. Intelligent circuit breakers with detection circuitry configured to detect fault conditions
US11437211B2 (en) 2019-09-03 2022-09-06 Atom Power, Inc. Solid-state circuit breaker with self-diagnostic, self-maintenance, and self-protection capabilities
DE102019213604A1 (de) * 2019-09-06 2021-03-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schutzschaltgerät, Schutzschaltsystem und Verfahren

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US20240395476A1 (en) 2024-11-28
CN118043924A (zh) 2024-05-14
CN118020131A (zh) 2024-05-10
DE102021210824A1 (de) 2023-03-30
WO2023052114A1 (fr) 2023-04-06

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