EP4352304A1 - Dispositif de déclenchement d'avalanches équipé d'un dispositif de génération d'ondes acoustiques - Google Patents
Dispositif de déclenchement d'avalanches équipé d'un dispositif de génération d'ondes acoustiquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4352304A1 EP4352304A1 EP22735557.5A EP22735557A EP4352304A1 EP 4352304 A1 EP4352304 A1 EP 4352304A1 EP 22735557 A EP22735557 A EP 22735557A EP 4352304 A1 EP4352304 A1 EP 4352304A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compressed gas
- triggering device
- avalanche
- avalanche triggering
- open end
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
- G10K9/02—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers driven by gas; e.g. suction operated
- G10K9/04—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers driven by gas; e.g. suction operated by compressed gases, e.g. compressed air
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
- E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
Definitions
- TITLE Avalanche triggering device equipped with an acoustic wave generation device
- the present invention relates to the field of preventive triggering of avalanches and more particularly relates to an avalanche triggering device.
- the preventive triggering of avalanches mainly aims to secure ski areas, traffic networks, or even homes.
- the snowpack that forms on the slope of a wall includes a set of layers of snow deposited on top of each other during precipitation. These different layers are often made up of different types of snow, resulting in a certain heterogeneity of the snowpack, often at the origin of the avalanche.
- the preventive triggering of avalanches consists in provoking a shock wave on an upper zone of the surface of the snowpack in such a way as to cause a disruption of the balance of the snowpack in this zone, and this before the accumulation of snow can cause a destructive natural avalanche.
- a first known technique consists of placing explosive charges by an operator at the precise location where the avalanche is to be triggered. This placement can be done either from a helicopter by launching, or from the ground, the explosive charge can then be deposited, slid or launched at the appropriate place. The firing of the charge, in both cases, is generally obtained by slow fuse or electrically. The risks inherent in this technique are significant. In addition to the risks directly related to the handling of explosives, the operator must, for the placement of explosive charges intervening directly on the ground, go to often steep areas where the snowpack is unstable.
- One way to reduce the risks associated with handling explosives is to use explosive gases to generate a shock wave to trigger the avalanche.
- the document FR2636729 describes a remote avalanche triggering system which operates without explosive material and which is known under the trade mark Gazex®.
- a remote avalanche triggering system which operates without explosive material and which is known under the trade mark Gazex®.
- Such a system comprises a barrel mounted on a concrete support and comprising an opening oriented towards the surface of the snowpack, a filling circuit configured to fill the barrel with an explosive gas mixture, and a firing device which is configured to trigger the explosion of the explosive gas mixture.
- This type of avalanche triggering system comprises a reserve of gas sufficient for one season which is installed in an adjacent technical room, and a firing device which is controlled remotely.
- this type of avalanche triggering system has complete autonomy and offers perfect safety for the operator.
- the fixed installation of this system also makes it possible to guarantee sufficient, reproducible and durable power for the protection of large avalanche paths.
- the main disadvantages associated with this type of system are related to the need to store two different types of gas, in order to be able to produce the explosive gas mixture, to route these gases independently to the barrel, and to provide a device for firing, which complicates the structure of the avalanche triggering system.
- the present invention aims to remedy all or part of these drawbacks.
- the technical problem underlying the invention therefore consists in providing an avalanche triggering device which is simple and economical in structure, while limiting the risk of injury to an operator.
- the present invention relates to an avalanche triggering device comprising an acoustic wave generating device which is configured to generate acoustic waves, the acoustic wave generating device comprising:
- main body comprising at least one inlet orifice configured to be fluidically connected to the source of compressed gas, the main body defining at least in part an inlet chamber into which the at least one inlet orifice opens, the inlet chamber being configured to be supplied with compressed gas from the source of compressed gas,
- a bell which is tubular and which comprises a first open end which is located opposite the vibrating membrane and a second open end which is opposite to the first open end, the bell having a cross section which increases in the direction of the second end opened.
- Such a configuration of the avalanche triggering device, and in particular the fact that it generates acoustic waves from a source of compressed gas, makes it possible to simplify the structure of the avalanche triggering device, since it does not It is not necessary in particular to provide a firing device and a large number of gas supply ducts.
- the shock wave generated by the avalanche triggering device according to the present invention is not obtained by the explosion of a gas mixture, but by the emission of acoustic waves, the safety of use of the avalanche triggering device according to the present invention proves to be increased.
- the avalanche triggering device has a simple and economical structure, while considerably limiting the risk of injury to an operator.
- the avalanche triggering device may additionally have one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination.
- the main body and the vibrating membrane at least partly delimit the intake chamber.
- the device for generating acoustic waves is configured to generate acoustic waves oriented at least partly in the direction of a snowpack.
- the device for generating acoustic waves is configured to generate acoustic waves having a frequency lower than 400 Hz, advantageously lower than 100 Hz, and for example lower than 30 Hz.
- the device for generating acoustic waves is configured to generate acoustic waves having a maximum acoustic pressure greater than 150 dB, and for example greater than 180 dB.
- the main body comprises an outlet orifice fluidically connected to the first open end of the pavilion and configured to be fluidically connected to the inlet chamber, the vibrating membrane being movable between a position of closure in which the vibrating membrane closes the outlet orifice so that the inlet chamber and the bell are fluidically isolated, and a release position in which the vibrating membrane releases the outlet orifice so that the chamber intake and the roof are fluidly connected.
- the outlet orifice is provided in a central portion of the main body.
- the pavilion has a cross section which increases from the first open end to the second open end.
- the pavilion has a generally frustoconical shape.
- the pavilion has a length greater than 2000 mm.
- the pavilion has a length greater than 4000 mm, and for example approximately 4800 mm.
- the first open end of the pavilion has an internal diameter greater than 200 mm, and for example approximately 350 mm.
- the second open end of the pavilion has an internal diameter greater than 800 mm, advantageously greater than 1300 mm, and for example approximately 1500 mm.
- the second open end of the pavilion could however have an internal diameter greater than 2400 mm.
- the vibrating membrane has a circular shape.
- the pavilion has a circular cross section.
- the vibrating membrane has a thickness comprised between 5 and 20 mm, and for example approximately 12 mm.
- the vibrating membrane has an external diameter greater than 800 mm, and for example of approximately 1000 mm.
- the pavilion extends along a direction of extension which is substantially rectilinear.
- the roof comprises a first roof portion which comprises the first open end and which is curved, and a second roof portion which comprises the second open end and which extends in a direction of extension which is substantially rectilinear.
- the avalanche triggering device comprises a mounting bracket that is configured to be fixed to a mountainside, the acoustic wave generating device being fixed to the mounting bracket.
- the fixing support is a fixing mast.
- the fixing mast is configured to extend substantially vertically.
- the mounting bracket is fixed to a support base, for example made of concrete, which is anchored to the ground.
- the avalanche triggering device comprises an attachment member, such as an attachment ring, intended for transporting the avalanche triggering device by an aircraft, such as a helicopter or a drone.
- the attachment member is configured to accommodate a hook or a carabiner connected to the aircraft, for example via a sling.
- the avalanche triggering device comprises a compressed gas distribution circuit which fluidically connects the source of compressed gas to the at least one inlet orifice, the gas distribution circuit compressed gas comprising a solenoid valve configured to occupy a closed configuration in which the solenoid valve fluidically isolates the source of compressed gas and the at least one inlet port and an open configuration in which the solenoid valve fluidically connects the source of compressed gas to the at least one inlet.
- the avalanche triggering device comprises a control unit which is configured to control the operation of the solenoid valve.
- the avalanche triggering device comprises a remote control device configured to communicate remotely with the control unit, and in particular to emit control signals, such as signals radio frequencies, in the direction of the control unit.
- the remote control device comprises a control box, such as a remote control or a control console, which is configured to be worn by an operator.
- control unit comprises a communication antenna, which is for example fixed to the roof.
- the compressed gas distribution circuit comprises a pressure reducer, such as a single pressure reducer, arranged upstream of the solenoid valve.
- the compressed gas distribution circuit comprises a non-return valve arranged downstream of the solenoid valve.
- the main body comprises a plurality of inlet ports which are configured to be fluidically connected to the source of compressed gas and which open into the inlet chamber.
- the inlet orifices are distributed, and for example regularly distributed, around a central axis of the vibrating membrane.
- the source of compressed gas is configured to supply the admission chamber with compressed gas with an admission pressure greater than 35 bars, and for example between 40 and 50 bars.
- the source of compressed gas is configured to supply the admission chamber with compressed gas with an admission flow rate of compressed gas greater than 200 L/s, and for example approximately 350 L/s.
- the main body has a circular cross section.
- the source of compressed gas comprises at least one compressed gas storage tank, such as a bottle of compressed gas.
- the at least one compressed gas storage tank can be fixed, for example in a removable manner, to the pavilion, and in particular to an exterior surface of the pavilion.
- the compressed gas source comprises several compressed gas storage tanks.
- the source of compressed gas comprises a manifold fluidly connected to each of the compressed gas storage tanks.
- the collector is arranged upstream of the regulator.
- the avalanche triggering device comprises a pressure sensor configured to detect a gas pressure downstream of the source of compressed gas.
- the compressed gas is compressed air, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon or a mixture of several of these gases.
- the source of compressed gas comprises an air compressor.
- the avalanche triggering device comprises an electrical energy storage device, such as a rechargeable battery, which is configured to electrically power the avalanche triggering device.
- the electrical energy storage device can for example be fixed to the roof.
- the second open end is configured to be placed above a snowpack.
- the second open end is configured to be oriented towards the snowpack.
- the avalanche triggering device comprises a deflector disposed in the main body and configured to direct the compressed gas admitted into the inlet chamber towards the outlet orifice of the main body.
- the present invention further relates to a method for triggering avalanches comprising the following steps:
- the acoustic waves generated are oriented at least partly in the direction of a snowpack.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of an avalanche triggering device according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a side view of the avalanche triggering device of figure 1.
- Figure 3 is a schematic view of the avalanche triggering device of figure 1.
- Figure 4 is a partial view in longitudinal section of the avalanche triggering device of Figure 1.
- Figure 5 is an enlarged scale view of a detail in Figure 4.
- Figure 6 is a partial view in longitudinal section of an avalanche triggering device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figures 1 to 5 represent an avalanche triggering device 2 comprising an acoustic wave generation device 3 which is configured to generate acoustic waves oriented at least partly in the direction of a snowpack.
- the avalanche triggering device 2 comprises a fixing support 4, such as a fixing mast, which extends substantially vertically and which is fixed to a support base 5 , for example concrete, anchored to a mountainside, and the acoustic wave generation device 3 is fixed to an upper part of the fixing support 4.
- the device for triggering avalanches 2 could comprise a hooking device, such as a hooking ring, configured to accommodate a fixing device, such as a hook or a carabiner, connected to an aircraft, for example via of a sling, so as to allow the transport of the avalanche triggering device 2 by the aircraft.
- the aircraft could for example be a helicopter or a drone.
- the acoustic wave generation device 3 could be directly attached to the support base 5.
- the acoustic wave generation device 3 comprises a source of compressed gas 6 comprising a plurality of compressed gas storage tanks 7, such as cylinders of compressed gas.
- the compressed gas contained in the compressed gas storage tanks 7 can for example be compressed air, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon or even a mixture of several of these gases.
- the compressed gas source 6 further comprises a manifold 8 to which the compressed gas storage tanks 7 are connected.
- a non-return valve 9 is arranged between the manifold 8 and each compressed gas storage tank 7.
- the avalanche triggering device 2 further comprises a pressure sensor 11 configured to detect a gas pressure downstream from the source of compressed gas 6, and for example downstream from the collector 8. The presence of such a sensor pressure 11 makes it possible to detect the state of filling of the compressed gas storage tanks 7.
- the acoustic wave generation device 3 further comprises a main body 12 which is for example of circular section and which comprises one or more inlet orifice(s) 13 configured to be fluidically connected to the source of compressed gas 6, and more particularly to the manifold 8.
- the main body 12 comprises several inlet orifices 13, and for example five inlet orifices.
- the main body 12 could comprise a single inlet orifice 13.
- the main body 12 further comprises an outlet orifice 14 provided in a central portion of the main body 12.
- the inlet orifices 13 are distributed, and for example regularly distributed, around the outlet port 14.
- the acoustic wave generation device 3 also comprises a vibrating membrane 15 which is housed in the main body 12.
- the vibrating membrane 15 has a thickness of between 5 and 20 mm, and for example approximately 12 mm.
- the vibrating membrane 15 has a circular shape, and has an external diameter greater than 800 mm, and for example approximately 1000 mm.
- the main body 12 at least partially delimits an inlet chamber 16 into which the inlet orifice(s) 13 opens.
- the inlet chamber 16 is configured to be supplied with compressed gas coming from the source of compressed gas 6.
- the inlet chamber 16 has a generally annular shape, and extends around the outlet orifice 14.
- the source of compressed gas 6 is configured to supply the admission chamber 16 with compressed gas with an admission pressure greater than 35 bars, and for example between 40 and 50 bars, and with a compressed gas inlet flow greater than 200 L/s, and for example around 350 L/s.
- the acoustic wave generation device 3 also comprises a bell 17 which is tubular and which has a length greater than 2000 mm, and advantageously greater than 4000 mm, and for example approximately 4800 mm.
- the bell 17 has a first open end 17.1 which is located opposite the vibrating membrane 15 and a second open end 17.2 which is opposite the first open end 17.1.
- the first open end 17.1 is fluidically connected to the outlet orifice 14, and the second open end 17.2 is configured to be placed above a snowpack.
- the second open end 17.2 can also be configured to be oriented towards the snowpack.
- the vibrating membrane 15 is more particularly movable between a closed position in which the vibrating membrane 15 closes the outlet orifice 14 so that the inlet chamber 16 and the bell 17 are fluidly isolated from one another. another, and a release position in which the vibrating membrane 15 releases the outlet orifice 14 so that the inlet chamber 16 and the bell 17 are fluidly connected to each other.
- the pavilion 17 has a generally frustoconical shape and has a cross section which is circular and which increases from the first open end 17.1 and up to the second open end 17.2.
- the cross-section of the pavilion 17 can increase continuously or discontinuously (see figure 6) up to the second open end 17.2.
- the first open end 17.1 of the flag 17 has an internal diameter greater than 200 mm, and for example approximately 350 mm
- the second open end 17.2 of the flag 17 has an internal diameter greater than to 800 mm, advantageously greater than 1300 mm, and for example approximately 1500 mm
- the second open end 17.1 of the pavilion 17 could however have an internal diameter greater than 2400 mm.
- the pavilion 17 extends in a direction of extension which is substantially rectilinear.
- the flag 17 could include a first flag portion which includes the first open end 17.1 and which is curved, and a second flag portion which includes the second open end 17.2 and which is curved. extends from the first roof portion in a direction of extension which is substantially rectilinear.
- the compressed gas storage tanks 7 are fixed, for example in a removable manner, to an outer surface of the pavilion 17, and are distributed around the pavilion 17.
- the avalanche triggering device 2 also comprises a deflector 19 arranged in the main body 12 and configured to direct the compressed gas admitted into the admission chamber 16 towards the outlet orifice 14.
- the inlet chamber 16 can for example be delimited at least in part by the main body 12 and the deflector 19.
- the avalanche triggering device 2 further comprises a compressed gas distribution circuit 21 which fluidically connects the source of compressed gas 6 to the or each inlet orifice 13.
- the compressed gas distribution circuit 21 comprises in particular a solenoid valve 22 configured to occupy a closed configuration in which the solenoid valve 22 fluidically isolates the inlet orifice(s) 13 from the source of compressed gas 6, and an open configuration in which the solenoid valve 22 fluidically connects the orifice(s) (s) input 13 to compressed gas source 6.
- the compressed gas distribution circuit 21 further comprises a pressure reducer 23, such as a single pressure reducer, disposed downstream of the manifold 8 and upstream of the solenoid valve 22, and a non-return valve 24 disposed downstream of the solenoid valve 22.
- the compressed gas distribution circuit 21 also comprises a distributor 25 disposed downstream of the solenoid valve 22 and provided with several fluid outlet paths, and for example five, each connected to a respective inlet port 13.
- the avalanche triggering device 2 further comprises a control unit 26 which is configured to control the operation of the acoustic wave generation device 3, and more particularly of the solenoid valve 22.
- the control 26 comprises a communication antenna 27, which is for example fixed to the roof 17.
- the avalanche triggering device 2 further comprises a remote control device 28 configured to communicate remotely with the control unit 26, and in particular to transmit control signals, such as radiofrequency signals, in the direction of the control unit 26.
- the remote control device 28 can for example comprise a control box, such as a remote control or a control console, which is configured to be worn by an operator.
- the avalanche triggering device 2 also comprises an electrical energy storage device 29, such as a rechargeable battery, which is configured to electrically supply the avalanche triggering device 2.
- the triggering device avalanche 2 further comprises at least one photovoltaic panel 31 in order to be able to recharge the battery.
- the electrical energy storage device 29 and the photovoltaic panel 31 can for example be fixed to the pavilion 17.
- the avalanche triggering device 2 also includes a temperature sensor 32 and a seismometer 33.
- the compressed gas source 6 could comprise an air compressor instead of the compressed gas storage tanks 7.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2106207A FR3124017B1 (fr) | 2021-06-11 | 2021-06-11 | Dispositif de déclenchement d’avalanches équipé d’un dispositif de génération d’ondes acoustiques |
| PCT/FR2022/051095 WO2022258930A1 (fr) | 2021-06-11 | 2022-06-08 | Dispositif de déclenchement d'avalanches équipé d'un dispositif de génération d'ondes acoustiques |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4352304A1 true EP4352304A1 (fr) | 2024-04-17 |
Family
ID=77999046
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22735557.5A Pending EP4352304A1 (fr) | 2021-06-11 | 2022-06-08 | Dispositif de déclenchement d'avalanches équipé d'un dispositif de génération d'ondes acoustiques |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4352304A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3124017B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022258930A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12332039B1 (en) | 2024-02-17 | 2025-06-17 | Alpine Snowpack Management LLC | Avalanche triggering apparatus |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2636729B1 (fr) | 1988-09-19 | 1990-12-07 | Schippers Jacob | Procede et dispositif pour declencher une avalanche |
| US9347756B2 (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2016-05-24 | Gavin Washburn | Non explosive process and device for triggering an avalanche |
| JP5748540B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-15 | 2015-07-15 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 音波発生装置およびそれを使用した音波式付着物除去・抑制装置、音波式スートブロワ装置、熱交換装置、排ガス処理装置、産業機器ならびに音波発生装置の運用方法、熱交換装置の運用方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-06-11 FR FR2106207A patent/FR3124017B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-06-08 WO PCT/FR2022/051095 patent/WO2022258930A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-06-08 EP EP22735557.5A patent/EP4352304A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3124017A1 (fr) | 2022-12-16 |
| WO2022258930A1 (fr) | 2022-12-15 |
| FR3124017B1 (fr) | 2024-07-05 |
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