EP4341587A1 - Gangschaltung mit tauchspulenaktor - Google Patents
Gangschaltung mit tauchspulenaktorInfo
- Publication number
- EP4341587A1 EP4341587A1 EP22730162.9A EP22730162A EP4341587A1 EP 4341587 A1 EP4341587 A1 EP 4341587A1 EP 22730162 A EP22730162 A EP 22730162A EP 4341587 A1 EP4341587 A1 EP 4341587A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coil
- actuator
- coil actuator
- plunger
- winding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/38—Detents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
- F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
- F16H61/0251—Elements specially adapted for electric control units, e.g. valves for converting electrical signals to fluid signals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
- B60K23/02—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for main transmission clutches
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H2003/0811—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts using unsynchronised clutches
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/12—Detecting malfunction or potential malfunction, e.g. fail safe ; Circumventing or fixing failures
- F16H2061/1204—Detecting malfunction or potential malfunction, e.g. fail safe ; Circumventing or fixing failures for malfunction caused by simultaneous engagement of different ratios resulting in transmission lock state or tie-up condition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H2063/005—Preassembled gear shift units for mounting on gear case
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/304—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by electrical or magnetic force
- F16H2063/305—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by electrical or magnetic force using electromagnetic solenoids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
- F16H2063/3093—Final output elements, i.e. the final elements to establish gear ratio, e.g. coupling sleeves or other means establishing coupling to shaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/0021—Transmissions for multiple ratios specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
- F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
- F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
- F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
- F16H3/089—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gear shift of an electrical drive, a plunger coil actuator, a control unit for activating at least two plunger coil actuators, a method for assembling and a method for disassembling a plunger coil actuator and in particular to a double coil and sequential switching electronics for a plunger coil actuator drive an electrified vehicle.
- Moving coil actuators are linear actuators in which a runner is moved linearly along an axis of the runner using an electric current via Lorentz forces.
- the basic concept is that of a plunger coil, i.e. a coil wound from a wire to conduct an electric current, which lies in a magnetic field of a permanent magnet, so that when the coil is energized, a force is built up which moves the coil in an axial direction relative to the permanent magnet shifted direction.
- the permanent magnet can be fixed on the rotor and the coil can be designed as part of the stator, or the coil can be wound around the axis of the rotor and the permanent magnet can be part of the stator.
- Plunger coil actuators are used in various designs in many areas of mechanical engineering for sometimes highly dynamic linear movements.
- plunger coil actuators are used for changing gears in electrical drives.
- Such electric drives can be used in automobiles, for example, and require appropriately safe gear shifts.
- these gear shifts include components such as shift rods in particular, which must be moved linearly with great accuracy and fine tuning.
- Moving coil actuators can perform such movements with the necessary precision and control.
- FIG. 16 shows an example from the prior art for a plunger coil actuator 410 in a gearshift 430 for changing gears of an electric drive. Are shown in a cross section parts of a hous ses 431 of the gearshift 430, which has in particular an opening through which a shift rod 432 for moving a shift fork 434 is guided.
- the moving coil actuator 410 comprises two coils 4131, 4132 in a cylindrical outer shell 414.
- a part 411 of the switching rod 432 dips into a region of the coils 4131, 4132, so that the switching rod 432 itself forms the rotor of the moving coil actuator 410.
- the part 411 of the switching rod 432 is firmly connected to a permanent magnet 412 and is movably mounted within the coils 4131, 4132 together with this.
- the coils 4131, 4132 are energized, a magnetic field is formed which exerts a force on the permanent magnet 412 and thus the shift rod 432 moves.
- Fig. 17 shows a view of the shell 414 of the plunger coil actuator 410.
- the shell 414 has a screw flange 415 via which the plunger coil actuator 410 is attached to the housing 431 with screws 416.
- the cramped spatial conditions of the gearshift 430 mean that the screw flange 415 cannot simply be made round for geometric reasons, but must have the contour shown.
- the cramped spatial conditions often lead to restrictive requirements in terms of shape and dimensions, which in each case complicates the manufacture of the components and makes them more expensive.
- a topology of the electric drive is sketched on the left-hand side of the figure. This shows two electric motors ren 501, 502, each of which drives a partial transmission 510, 520.
- the sub-gear 510, 520 are connected to one another via a differential gear 530, which transmits the forces of the electric motors 510, 520 to wheel axles 540 of an electric automobile.
- a sub-transmission 520 has in particular a switching mechanism 550, which includes a dog clutch 555, as in a right side of the figure is shown. The switching mechanism 550 or part of the claw clutch 555 is moved by the shift fork 434 (cf. FIG.
- the structure of the Ge transmission with the two non-identical sub-transmissions 510, 520 allows a distribution of a desired power to the electric motors 501, 502.
- the efficiency and vibration behavior of the entire drive train can be optimized.
- control units for each plunger coil actuator can each include a microcontroller, which activates the plunger coil actuator via a full bridge circuit.
- a disadvantage of this solution is the complicated or redundant structure of the control, in particular due to the use of individual control units for each actuator. In the cramped spatial conditions of vehicle drives, for example, this structure can be difficult to implement. In addition, there may be an increased potential for failures.
- Shaft arranged shift sleeve 436 which is combined with a locking device 440 of the shift rod 432 and the shift fork 434.
- a ball-spring unit 442 running over a contour ensures that a force counteracts a deflection and so the shift rod 432 and thus the shift fork 434 with it held in position by a certain force (locking force).
- the positions may correspond approximately to a first gear, a neutral position, and a second gear.
- the locking causes costs for transmission manufacturers due to the procurement of the components and processing steps in the gear shift.
- a contribution to this goal is made by a gearshift according to claim 1, a method for assembling a moving coil actuator according to claim 11, a A method for disassembling a plunger coil actuator according to claim 13, a method for sequentially activating at least two plunger coil actuators according to claim 14, a method for winding a wire into a coil according to claim 15, a method for producing a plunger coil actuator according to claim 16 and a machine-readable storage medium according to claim 17.
- the dependent claims relate to advantageous developments of the independent claims.
- the present invention relates to a moving coil actuator with a rotor, a magnetic component and a coil.
- the coil has a plurality of coil sections along an axis, which can in particular run parallel to an axis of the rotor.
- the coil is formed by a wire which successively forms a first winding from a first end of the coil and up to a second end of the coil for each coil section in a winding direction assigned to a coil section. There is at least one change in the winding direction between a first coil section and a subsequent second coil section, so that when the wire is energized, each coil section increases a force on the magnetic component to cause a linear movement of the rotor.
- the wire successively forms a second winding from the second end of the coil up to the first end of the coil for each coil section in the winding direction assigned to the respective coil section. The wire thus both enters and exits the coil at the first end of the coil.
- winding should be understood to mean a helical arrangement of the wire in at least one layer.
- the first winding has only one layer, while the second winding has the same, larger number of layers in all coil parts.
- An arrangement of the layers can be selected according to need and requirement such that there is an orthocyclic, a helical or even a random winding.
- a number of turns in each coil section and in each layer can be based on geometric boundary conditions, in particular on a shape or size of the magnetic component or the rotor. fers, and/or adapted to operating conditions such as expected current levels or desired forces.
- the advantages of the winding of the coil presented here are, in particular, a reduced volume.
- One advantage is that only a single wire is sufficient for winding all coil sections, and a separate wire does not have to be used for each coil section. This reduces the number of connections for energizing the plunger coil actuator.
- there is an advantage in entering and exiting the wire on the same side of the coil since in this way the wire can be routed out of the moving coil actuator or the coil can be connected to a power source without an additional element that does not contribute to the magnetic field of the coil Return of the wire can be done.
- the magnetic component forms a dipole magnetic field with a magnetic north pole and a magnetic south pole along the axis.
- the coil comprises two coil sections with opposite winding directions, so that due to the opposite winding direction of the coil sections, a current flowing through the coil leads to a force in both coil sections, which acts in the same direction on the magnetic component and thereby on the rotor.
- the Lorentz force in both coils then acts in the same direction. If the current flow is reversed, the effect on the magnetic component and thus the force on the rotor are reversed.
- the coil of the plunger coil actuator has only two coil sections
- the coil can alternatively also be described as having a first coil section with a first winding around the axial axis and a third winding around the axial axis, and a second coil section with a counter-rotating, second winding around the axial axis.
- the second coil section is arranged next to the first coil section with respect to the axial axis (at a certain distance).
- the opposite, second winding is connected in series between the first winding and the third winding, so that an electric current is generated when the first, second and third winding are energized
- the rotor couples to the magnetic member or to one of the coil sections to effect movement when energized.
- the magnetic component is permanently connected to the rotor, and the coil is thus part of a stator.
- the magnetic component can have a hollow-cylindrical shape that lies around the rotor.
- the coil can also be wound around the rotor and the magnetic component can be designed as part of the stator, for example in the form of a tube or cylinder jacket.
- the plunger coil actuator also includes an advantageously cylindrical outer shell, which has a circumferential groove on an outside for applying a shaft retaining ring and/or a circumferential sealing element and/or a common input and output of the wire for energizing the coil.
- a shaft retaining ring or grooved ring can advantageously be used to guide the plunger coil actuator during assembly or disassembly in a device, such as in a depression in a housing of a gear shift for an electric drive.
- the circumferential sealing element can in particular be an O-ring.
- the O-ring can be fitted in a further groove, for example parallel to the groove for the shaft locking ring, on the outside of the outer shell.
- the common entry and exit of the wire or the connection of the coil for energizing takes advantage of the fact that the wire exits on the same side of the coil. In particular, in this way the wire can very easily be energized on one side of the plunger coil actuator (for example an end face).
- Exemplary embodiments also relate to a control unit for activating at least two actuators.
- the actuators can be plunger coil actuators of the form mentioned above.
- the control unit includes an electronic switch or switch connection, which can have a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) in particular and is designed to activate and deactivate the respective actuator or, when energized in a first state, to activate the allows each actuator and in a second state prevents activation.
- MOSFET metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor
- the control unit also includes a bridge switching device, for example a full bridge or a four-quadrant controller, in which the electronic switches or MOSFET switches are switched at a load position such that a current at the load position is divided between the electronic switches.
- the bridge 5 circuit is designed to be connected to a supply voltage and to provide parallel energization of the electronic switches when connected to the supply voltage.
- the at least two actuators can be arranged in parallel on a bridge branch of a full bridge.
- the control unit also includes an electronic control unit, which in particular can have a microcontroller and which includes a connection device with a connection to each of the electronic switches.
- the control unit is designed to control the parallel energization via the bridge switching device and also to set each of the electronic switches individually to the first state or the second state via the connecting device.
- the connecting device can have, for example, a line from a suitable port of the electronic control unit to a gate connection of one of the electronic switches.
- Circuitry used in particular for plunger coil actuators for moving shift rods in a gear shift which is designed to reliably lock the shift rods in a selected shift position or allow them to remain.
- the connecting device includes a safety circuit which has exactly one AND gate and one NOR gate for each actuator and otherwise no gates and is designed to allow at most one actuator to be activated at any time.
- the safety circuit offers the advantage of being independent of software or a program in a simple and space-saving manner. mization of the electronic control unit to ensure sequential activation.
- Embodiments also relate to a gear shift, or to a device for changing gears, in particular of an electric drive.
- the gearshift comprises a housing that has a depression with an opening through which a movable component, in particular a shift rod, is guided for changing gears.
- the gearshift also includes an actuator, in particular a plunger coil actuator, which is designed to move the component and which is mounted in the depression in particular by means of an interference fit.
- the actuator can be mounted through the interference fit in the depression or in a widened part of the opening or in an area of the housing in which the component is guided through a wall of the housing.
- the interference fit offers the advantage of being able to do without screwing the actuator.
- the switching rod can be identical to the rotor of the moving coil actuator.
- the plunger coil actuator does not necessarily have to have the coil winding described above.
- the actuator of the gear shift is designed as a plunger coil actuator as described above.
- the coil can have the structure described above and the coil winding described for it, and an outer shell of the plunger coil actuator can be provided with a groove for applying a shaft retaining ring for easier assembly or disassembly and with a sealing element.
- the gearshift also includes at least two actuators and a control unit of the type described above.
- Embodiments also relate to a method for winding a wire into a coil for a voice coil actuator.
- the procedure includes the steps:
- the coil can either be part of the stator or part of the rotor of the plunger coil actuator.
- the coil is part of the stator and the rotor includes a permanent magnet that forms a dipole magnetic field similar to that of a bar magnet with poles on an axis of the rotor.
- the coil then advantageously has two coil sections.
- the first winding can only comprise one layer.
- Other geometries are conceivable; in particular, the construction of the foregoing embodiment can be duplicated to a plurality of permanent magnets and correspondingly a plurality of coil sections.
- Exemplary embodiments also relate to a method for assembling an actuator, in particular a moving coil actuator, in a sink of a housing of a device, in particular a gear shift of an electric drive.
- the procedure is characterized by the steps:
- a plunger coil actuator is assembled by pressing a stator of the plunger coil actuator or a part of the plunger coil actuator, which includes the sleeve and the coil, into a depression in a transmission housing by means of an interference fit, so that a through an opening in the Lowering of the transmission housing guided movable component represents a rotor of the plunger coil actuator.
- the plunger coil actuator does not necessarily have to have the coil winding described above.
- the actuator shell can be a simple rotating part.
- clamping the actuator or moving coil actuator can include pushing the actuator or moving coil actuator into a mounting device that is designed with a latch that can engage in the groove.
- the clamping then also includes securing the actuator or moving coil actuator by the bolt so that the actuator or moving coil actuator cannot fall out.
- Pressing can then include exerting a press-in force on the mounting device so as to mount the actuator in the housing. In this case, the pressing force is advantageously higher than a force that is able to release the actuator or plunger coil actuator from its seat in the housing.
- the assembly device can be pot-shaped, for example, in order to at least partially accommodate the actuator or plunger coil actuator. Pressing can then take place by the action of the press-in force, for example, on a floor of the assembly device. In this way, the press-in force can be transferred directly to the actuator or moving coil actuator. As soon as the actuator or plunger coil actuator is pressed into the housing, the bolt can be released again by pulling and the mounting device can be lifted off the actuator or plunger coil actuator.
- the assembly device can be mounted on any linear press tool.
- a simple hand press can be used for this purpose.
- hydraulic or pneumatic presses are also possible in automated or collaborative production lines, as are common in gearbox construction are.
- the fitting of the assembly device with the actuator or immersion coil actuator can also be done manually or automatically, for example by a robot.
- a screw connection can be completely dispensed with.
- the number of work steps can be significantly reduced compared to screwing.
- the method thus enables an external assembly of a moving coil actuator in a depression around an opening of a housing, through which a component to be moved by the moving coil actuator is guided.
- the component can be permanently connected to the rotor of the plunger coil actuator or be identical.
- the casing of the actuator can have a sealing element on an outside, in particular an O-ring, which seals against air and/or moisture penetrating into the housing.
- Exemplary embodiments also relate to a method for dismantling an actuator, in particular a plunger coil actuator, which is fixed by an interference fit in a depression in a housing of a device, in particular a gear shift of an electric drive.
- the actuator comprises an advantageously cylindrical outer shell, which has a circumferential groove on an outside for fixing a shaft retaining ring. The procedure is characterized by the steps:
- Screw rests on the case at one end;
- this method is applied to a plunger coil actuator that is fixed in a recess of a housing of a gear shift for an electric drive by an interference fit.
- the coil of the plunger coil actuator does not necessarily have to have the winding described above.
- the ring component can in particular be a steel ring.
- the ring component has three threaded holes.
- the shaft circlip can be fitted with circlip pliers, for example.
- Embodiments also relate to a method for sequentially activating at least two actuators.
- the actuators are each connected to an electronic switch, which can include a MOSFET in particular, and the electronic switches are designed to activate or deactivate the respective actuator.
- the method is characterized by the following steps: parallel energization of the electronic switches via a bridge circuit;
- the at least two actuators are each plunger coil actuators.
- the plunger coil actuators do not necessarily have to have a coil with the winding described above.
- Exemplary embodiments also relate to a computer program product with software code stored thereon, which is intended to carry out one of the methods described above when the software code is executed by a data processing machine.
- Embodiments of the present invention can be summarized as follows.
- a moving coil actuator instead of two individual coils, one Double coil manufactured with a special winding technique that only needs one connection on the front.
- a control unit or sequential switching electronics uses a full bridge and a microcontroller together with additional electrical switches in order to control or energize several moving coil actuators sequentially, i.e. one after the other.
- the control unit offers the advantage that switching electronics for controlling a single plunger coil actuator do not have to be duplicated.
- the prerequisite here is that positions of the moving coil actuators or positions of the components moved by them are maintained independently, ie without energizing the moving coil actuators.
- a logic circuit can be used to prevent several actuators from being energized at the same time, which represents an increase in safety.
- the housing of the actuator can be pressed into the gearbox or a housing.
- a steel ring with three threads can be placed over the actuator if dismantling is necessary.
- a shaft circlip is then placed in a groove provided for this purpose.
- Three screws are screwed into the ring, which is supported on the shaft circlip and the plunger coil actuator can be pulled out of the gearbox housing.
- Embodiments of the plunger coil actuator and the control unit can be used in a variety of systems in which form-fitting switching elements are used, such as in switchable all-wheel drives, differential locks, motorsport transmissions, motorcycle transmissions, in machining technology or in valve control.
- the method of assembly and the method of disassembly also reduce production and material costs, as well as the space required for the switching actuator.
- the methods can be used if a pot-shaped object is to be installed in a device with the open side facing inwards and is to be able to be dismantled.
- Bobbin wound coil includes.
- the circumferential direction can in particular be given by an angle in a plane at right angles to an axis of the voice coil actuator, the coil body or a direction of movement of the runner.
- a magnetic resistance is locally reduced at this axial position by the reluctance component, and a corresponding reluctance force results on the magnetic component and thus on the rotor. In this way, the slider is locked in an axial locking position.
- the reluctance force acts on the slider in an area around the locked position as a restoring force in the locked position.
- the reluctance force is superimposed on the force that is exerted on the magnetic component or on the rotor by energizing the coil.
- the axial extent or thickness of the reluctance component is advantageously small compared to the axial extent or length of the voice coil actuator.
- the circumferentially extending reluctance member may cause a much larger reluctance force than such a gap or a disconnection in the bobbin or coil, so that the locked position can be held more securely.
- the plunger coil actuator thus causes gear locking, although not through a Lorentz force, but through the reluctance force, which does not require the coils to be energized.
- a further reluctance component made of the ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material is applied to the coil body at at least one further axial position.
- the reluctance component and the further reluctance component each extend at least over an angle of 180° in the circumferential direction, and they are also arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction by 180°.
- the reluctance component and the further reluctance component can thus each essentially have the shape of an arc of a circle.
- the moving coil actuator thus comprises a plurality of reluctance components for forming a profile of the reluctance force along an axis of the moving coil actuator, with some reluctance components being offset or rotated relative to one another by 180°. It has been found that such arrangements can compensate for a radial force on the magnetic component. A radial force can occur in particular because the reluctance components are not designed to be rotationally symmetrical in the circumferential direction. The compensation does not have to be complete; local forces can therefore still act in the radial direction on the magnetic component or the rotor.
- the reluctance components are each inserted or clamped in a groove of the bobbin or in a bobbin groove and thereby fixed, in particular against axial movements.
- FIG. 1 For exemplary embodiments, relate to a method for producing a plunger coil actuator.
- the method includes manufacturing a coil body with a coil body groove at an axial position of the coil body.
- the method also includes inserting a reluctance component made of a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material into the coil body groove, wherein after insertion, the reluctance component extends in a circumferential direction on or around the bobbin.
- Fig. l illustrates an embodiment of a moving coil actuator with a coil winding according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a winding diagram of a coil in the voice coil actuator of FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows photographs of an exemplary embodiment of the coil.
- Fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a control unit according to the present invention.
- Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment of the control unit with a safety circuit.
- FIG. 6 shows steps of a method according to the present invention for winding a coil for a voice coil actuator.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the method of winding a coil.
- FIG. 8 shows steps of a method according to the present invention for assembling a voice coil actuator.
- FIG. 9 illustrates the method of assembling a voice coil actuator.
- Fig. io shows steps of a method according to the present invention for disassembling a moving coil actuator.
- Fig. li illustrates the method for dismantling the plunger coil actuator. 12 shows steps of a method according to the present invention for sequentially activating multiple voice coil actuators.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a course of a reluctance force for a plunger coil actuator with reluctance components according to the present invention.
- Fig. 14 shows further exemplary embodiments for arrangements of Reluctance parts in the plunger coil actuator.
- FIG. 15 illustrates a method of manufacturing a voice coil actuator according to the present invention.
- FIG. 17 illustrates further aspects of the voice coil actuator of FIG. 16.
- Figure 19 shows a prior art gear lock system.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a section through a moving coil actuator 100 having a
- the coil 130 is formed by a wire which, starting from a first end of the coil 130 and up to a second end of the coil 130, successively forms a first winding for each coil section 131, 132 in a winding direction assigned to each coil section (cf. also Fig 2). There is a change in the winding direction between a first coil section 131 and a subsequent second coil section 132 .
- the wire successively forms a second winding from the second end of the coil 130 up to the first end of the coil 130 for each coil section 132, 131 in the winding direction assigned to the respective coil section 131, 132.
- the wire thus enters and exits the first end of the coil 130 .
- each coil section 131, 132 increases a force on the magnetic component 120.
- the magnetic component 120 is firmly connected to the rotor 110; in this way, a current through the coil 130 moves the rotor 110.
- the voice coil actuator 100 comprises a sleeve 140 which has a groove 145 for applying a shaft locking ring for assembly or disassembly.
- the voice coil actuator 100 is mounted in a housing 310 having an opening 315 therein.
- the rotor 110 is guided through the opening 315 .
- the plunger coil actuator 100 is fitted in a depression 316 around the opening 315 of the housing 310 by means of an oversize fit.
- the moving coil actuator 100 has a sealing element 150 in the form of an O-ring in a further groove of the casing 140 .
- FIG. 2 illustrates the winding diagram of the coil 130 in the voice coil actuator 100 of FIG. 1.
- the wire 135 winds from a first end A of the coil 130 as a first winding an innermost layer of the first coil section 131 in a first winding direction. Then the wire 135 winds as a first winding in a first winding direction of the second coil section 132 in a direction opposite to the first winding direction oriented second winding direction. Subsequently, the wire 135 forms a second winding of the second coil portion 132 in the second winding direction from a second end B of the coil. The wire 135 then forms a second winding of the first coil section 131 in the first winding direction and exits the coil 130 again at the first end A.
- the second winding comprises one layer in each of the two coil sections 131 , 132 .
- the number of layers of each individual winding is odd in each case, but can be selected separately, apart from this restriction, in each coil section 131, 132 and for each winding.
- Fig. 3 shows recordings of an embodiment of the coil 130 of the plunger coil actuator 100 from FIG. 1, the winding described in FIG. 2 being present.
- the coil 130 can be inserted into a stator of a plunger coil actuator 100 together with corresponding aluminum spacers.
- the coil 130 can also be potted in the stator.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a control unit 200 for activating at least two moving coil actuators 100, 410. More than just one moving coil actuator 100, 410 must generally be used, particularly in drives with more than three gears. The moving coil actuators 100, 410 do not necessarily have to have all the features of the moving coil actuator 100 from FIG.
- the control unit 200 comprises three electronic switches 210 for each one plunger coil actuator 100, 410.
- Each electronic switch 210 can assume a first state and a second state. In the first state, the electronic switch 210 allows the
- each electronic switch 210 includes, in particular, a MOSFET.
- the control unit 200 also includes a bridge switching device 220, which is designed to be connected to a supply voltage and to provide parallel energization of the electronic switches 210 when the supply voltage is connected.
- the bridge switching device 220 can in particular be a full-bridge circuit which has a bridge arm to which the electronic switches 210 and thus the voice coil actuators 100, 410 are connected in parallel.
- the bridge switching device 220 is connected in particular to a drain connection of the respective electronic switch 210 .
- Bridge switching devices for operating plunger coil actuators are known to those skilled in the art; however, in the exemplary embodiments, the control unit 200 instead of an individual bridge switching device (and an individual control unit in each case) for each plunger coil actuator 100, 410, only the individual bridge switching device 220 is sufficient.
- the control unit 200 further includes an electronic control unit 230 which includes a connection device 240 with a connection 241 , 242 , 243 to each of the electronic switches 210 .
- the control unit 230 can in particular be a microcontroller.
- the control unit 230 is designed to control the parallel energization via the bridge switching device 220 .
- the control unit 230 is designed to switch each of the electronic switches 210 individually to the open position via the connection device 240
- control unit 230 is in particular connected to a gate connection of the electronic switch 210 in each case.
- the control unit 200 offers a simplification of the circuit of several plunger coil actuators 100, 410.
- Known full bridges have, in particular, four MOSFETs for controlling a plunger coil actuator 100, 410. If each of the three voice coil actuators 100, 410 is controlled by its own control unit, each with a microcontroller and a full bridge, then a total of twelve MOSFETs and three microcontrollers are required.
- the control unit 200 in the exemplary embodiment illustrated makes do with just seven MOSFETs and a microcontroller.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the control unit 200 in which the connection device 240 comprises a safety circuit 245 .
- the safety circuit 245 includes exactly one AND gate and one NOR gate for each moving coil actuator 100, 410, and no other gates.
- the security Safety circuit 245 is designed to allow at most one plunger coil actuator 100, 410 to be activated at any time.
- the control unit 200 offers protection against simultaneous actuation of two plunger coil actuators 100, 410 with the aid of the logic circuit 245 shown.
- the combination of a NOR and an AND gate means that only a plunger coil actuator 100, 410 can be energized, independently of a programming of the control unit 230 (e.g. a software of a microcontroller). In particular, this represents an increase in safety.
- the certainty that at no point in time two moving coil actuators 100, 410 are activated at the same time is guaranteed at the lowest operating level immediately before the moving coil actuators 100, 410 are connected.
- Fig. 6 shows steps of a method according to the present invention for winding a wire 135 into a coil 130 for a voice coil actuator 100.
- the method includes forming a first winding S110 from a first end A of the coil 130 for a plurality of coil sections 131, 132 in a winding direction assigned to a coil section 131, 132, so that there is at least one change in the winding direction between a first coil section 131 and a subsequent second coil section 132.
- the method also includes forming a second winding S120 from the second end B of the coil 130 for each coil section 132, 131 in the winding direction assigned to the respective coil section 131, 132, so that the wire 135 at the first end A of the coil 130 of the coil 130 exits.
- Fig. 7 shows the coil 130 according to Fig. 2 or Fig. 3 during an exemplary embodiment of the method for winding the wire 135.
- the figure illustrates in particular how the change in winding direction between a first coil section 131 and a second coil section 132 can be executed.
- a first winding is carried out with the wire 135 in the first coil section 131 .
- the wire 135 is then guided further into the second coil section 132, the winding direction being reversed for the first time.
- a winding direction of the first winding and the second winding in the second coil section 132 is opposite to a winding direction of the first winding of the first coil section 131.
- the wire 135 is then wound from an end of the second coil section 132 that is close to the first coil section 131 with a renewed reversal of the Winding direction returned as that in the first coil section 131 .
- There the wire is wound into a second winding of the first coil section 131, the winding direction corresponding to that of the first winding in the first coil section 131.
- the wire 135 then exits the coil 130 again at the first end A of the coil 130 .
- Fig. 8 shows steps of a method for assembling a diving coil actuator 100, 410 in a depression 316 of a housing 310 of a device for changing gears of an electric drive.
- the plunger coil actuator 100, 410 does not necessarily have to have all the features of the plunger coil actuator 100 shown in FIG.
- the method includes a clamping S210 of the plunger coil actuator 100, 410 and the housing 310.
- the method further includes a pressing S220 of the plunger coil actuator 100, 410 in the depression 316 of the housing 310, through which the plunger coil actuator 100, 410 is fixed in the depression 316.
- Fig. 9 illustrates an advantageous embodiment of the method for mounting a plunger coil actuator 100, 410.
- an assembly device 600 which has a section for a latch 610 .
- the assembly device 600 is cup-shaped and adapted to the dimensions of an outer shell of the plunger coil actuator 100, 410 in order to accommodate the plunger coil actuator 100, 410 or part of the plunger coil actuator 100, 410.
- Parts (b) and (c) of the figure show two views of a situation in which the mounting device 6oo is applied to the moving coil actuator 100, 410 or to a stator part of the moving coil actuator 100, 410.
- the plunger coil actuator 100, 410 comprises an outer shell with a preferably circumferential groove 145.
- the clamping S210 includes pushing the plunger coil actuator 100, 410 into the assembly device 600, which is designed with the latch 610, which can engage in the groove 145.
- the clamping S210 further includes securing the plunger coil actuator 100, 410 by the bolt 610, so that the plunger coil actuator 100, 410 cannot fall out.
- the pressing S220 includes exerting a press-in force on the mounting device 600 in order to mount the plunger coil actuator 100 , 410 in a depression 316 of the housing 310 .
- the plunger coil actuator 100, 410 is pushed into the assembly device 600 and secured by the bolt 610 against falling out.
- the bolt 610 engages in the groove 145; this can also be used for a shaft circlip during disassembly.
- the actual press-in force which will be higher than the force that could cause the plunger coil actuator 100, 410 to fall out, is transmitted directly to the plunger coil actuator 100, 410 via the bottom of the assembly device 600.
- the bolt 610 can be released again by pulling and the assembly device 600 can be lifted off the plunger coil actuator 100, 410.
- the mounting device 600 can be mounted on any linear press tool.
- a simple hand press serves as an example.
- hydraulic or pneumatic presses are also possible in automated or collaborative production lines, as are common in transmission construction.
- the loading of the assembly device with the plunger coil actuator 100, 410 can also be done manually or automatically, e.g. by a robot.
- Fig. 10 shows steps of a method for dismantling a plunger coil actuator 100 by an interference fit in a sink (316) of a housin ses 310 of a device for changing gears of an electric drive is fixed.
- the moving coil actuator 100 does not necessarily have to have all the features of the moving coil actuator 100 from FIG. 1 .
- the plunger coil actuator loo to which this method is applied includes a cylindrical outer shell 140 which has at least the circumferential groove 145 on an outside for applying a shaft locking ring.
- the method includes applying S310 a ring component, z. B. a steel ring, with a plurality of threaded holes on the diving coil actuator 100.
- the method further includes securing the steel ring S320 by fixing the shaft retaining ring in the groove 145.
- the method further includes introducing S330 a screw in each case Threaded holes so that each screw rests on the housing 310 at one end.
- the method further includes a release S340 of the plunger coil actuator 100 by screwing in the screws in order to dismantle the plunger coil actuator 100 from the housing 310 via the steel ring and the shaft retaining ring.
- FIG. 11 illustrates the method for dismantling the moving coil actuator 100 from FIG. 10.
- a part of a housing 310 is shown, in which the moving coil actuator 100 is pressed in a depression 316 (not visible).
- a ring component here a steel ring 710, has already been applied to the plunger coil actuator 100.
- a shaft locking ring 730 secures the steel ring 710 by engaging in the groove 145 (not visible) in the shell 140 of the voice coil actuator 100.
- the steel ring 710 has three threaded holes 715 in this embodiment. Three screws 720 are screwed into the threaded holes 715 and are supported on the housing 310. By continuing to turn the screws 715 , an axial force is applied between the housing 310 and the shaft retaining ring 710 , which finally pulls the voice coil actuator 100 out of the housing 310 .
- a guidance of the voice coil actuator 100 can be added if necessary, but is already achieved at least partially by this method.
- FIG. 12 shows steps of a method for sequentially activating at least two moving coil actuators 100, 410.
- the moving coil actuators do not necessarily have to have all the features of the moving coil actuator according to FIG.
- the voice coil actuators 100, 410 are each connected to an electronic scarf ter 210.
- the electronic switches 210 are designed to allow activation of the respective plunger coil actuator 100, 410 in an open state and to prevent activation in a closed state.
- the electronic switches 210 can in particular each have a MOSFET.
- the method includes parallel energizing S410 of the electronic switches 210 via a bridge circuit.
- the method further includes sequentially permitting S420 the energization of the moving coil actuators 100, 410 via the electronic switch 210 in order to activate the moving coil actuators 100, 410 sequentially.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a reluctance force for the case of a de-energized moving coil actuator 100, in which a reluctance component 162 extending in a circumferential direction and made of a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material, in particular iron, is applied to a coil body 160 at a plurality of axial positions .
- reluctance components 162 there are a total of six such reluctance components 162, as shown in a lower part of the figure for three locking positions P1, P2, P3 of rotor 110.
- the reluctance components 162 each span an angular interval of slightly more than 18° in the circumferential direction. They can also be designed as half rings.
- the reluctance components 162 are also applied alternately by 180 ° in the circumferential direction to the coil body 160 .
- the reluctance components 162 are fixed on the coil body 160 in corresponding grooves of the coil body (coil body grooves).
- the reluctance components 162 result in a curve 60 of the reluctance force over an axial position or over a length of the coil body 160 or the plunger coil actuator 100.
- the curve 60 is shown in an upper part of the image.
- the runner 110 is movable along an axis in two opposite directions. The force shown moves the slider 110 for positive values te in one direction, for negative values in the other direction.
- the rotor 110 is held stably at three locking positions Pi, P2, P3 along the axis; each of these positions thus represents a local attractive fixed point with ver disappearing reluctance force.
- the three locking positions Pi, P2, P3 can correspond to positions for a first gear, a neutral position and a second gear.
- the arrangement of the reluctance components 162 shown in this figure has the special advantage that the total of radial forces on the rotor 110 is precisely zero , since the reluctance components 162 are installed rotated by 180° and the radial forces are thus canceled out. Only a torque and the desired axial force is applied to the rotor 110 .
- FIG. 14 shows exemplary embodiments for two further arrangements of the reluctance components 162 on the coil former 160.
- reluctance components 162 are applied at four different axial positions.
- the reluctance members 162 each span about 180 ° of the angle in the circumferential direction.
- the reluctance components form 162 pairs, the partners of which are offset from one another by 180 ° .
- the displacement does not take place in strictly alternating order along the axis.
- the locking positions Pi, P2, P3 can again correspond approximately to a first gear, a neutral position and a second gear.
- the exemplary embodiment on the right has six reluctance components 162 .
- the reluctance components 162 are not applied in a strictly alternating manner offset by 180° in the axial direction. Again there are three locking positions Pi, P2, P3, the respective responsible reluctance components 162 being marked in the figure.
- the first gear (locking position Pi) and the second gear (locking position P3) result from the upper, and the neutral position (locking position P2) from the lower reluctance components 162.
- the rotor 110 experiences a radial force in each of the locking positions Pi, P2, P3. This can be advantageous because the radial force can press the rotor 110 in a certain direction against the coil body 160 and thus cause additional static friction.
- the coil body 160 is manufactured S510, which has a plurality of coil body grooves 165 at specific axial positions. This is followed by the introduction S520 of reluctance components 162, here essentially semicircular ring elements made of iron (spanning 180° or slightly more in the circumferential direction) into the bobbin grooves 165.
- the reluctance components 162 are axially positioned by the bobbin grooves 165 and held captive by their clamping device.
- the coil 130 is then wound S110, S120 in a fully automated manner, for example according to the method shown in FIG.
- A, B ends of a coil
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnets (AREA)
- Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
- Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021113012.3A DE102021113012A1 (de) | 2021-05-19 | 2021-05-19 | Tauchspulenaktor für eine Gangschaltung |
| PCT/EP2022/063634 WO2022243469A1 (de) | 2021-05-19 | 2022-05-19 | Gangschaltung mit tauchspulenaktor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4341587A1 true EP4341587A1 (de) | 2024-03-27 |
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ID=82020953
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22730162.9A Pending EP4341587A1 (de) | 2021-05-19 | 2022-05-19 | Gangschaltung mit tauchspulenaktor |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240247718A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4341587A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN117616217A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102021113012A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022243469A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB753598A (en) * | 1953-12-10 | 1956-07-25 | Smith & Sons Ltd S | Improvements in or relating to transmission systems |
| US7898121B2 (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2011-03-01 | Ricardo Uk Ltd | Linear actuator |
| DE102007042695A1 (de) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-12 | Volkswagen Ag | Elektrisch betätigte Kupplungseinrichtung |
| US8415838B1 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2013-04-09 | Moticont | Linear motor with two magnets and a coil carrier having multiple winding areas with each area having a section of a coil wound with one continuous wire with the winding in opposite directions in spaced apart winding areas |
| US9887612B1 (en) | 2014-06-19 | 2018-02-06 | Moticont | Linear actuator with built-in encoder |
| DE102015220556A1 (de) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-04-27 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Stellmittel |
| DE102015226351A1 (de) | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-22 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Smart Aktor System für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Antriebseinheit mit einem solchen |
| NL2020418B1 (en) | 2018-02-12 | 2019-08-19 | Magnetic Innovations B V | Coil assembly for magnetic actuator, magnetic actuator and manufacturing method |
-
2021
- 2021-05-19 DE DE102021113012.3A patent/DE102021113012A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-05-19 DE DE202022003174.2U patent/DE202022003174U1/de active Active
- 2022-05-19 US US18/561,335 patent/US20240247718A1/en active Pending
- 2022-05-19 EP EP22730162.9A patent/EP4341587A1/de active Pending
- 2022-05-19 WO PCT/EP2022/063634 patent/WO2022243469A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-05-19 CN CN202280048782.9A patent/CN117616217A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20240247718A1 (en) | 2024-07-25 |
| CN117616217A (zh) | 2024-02-27 |
| DE202022003174U1 (de) | 2025-03-21 |
| DE102021113012A1 (de) | 2022-11-24 |
| WO2022243469A1 (de) | 2022-11-24 |
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